Waveguide antenna and waveguide radar

Abstract

The application discloses a waveguide antenna and a waveguide radar, and relates to the technical field of waveguide antennas, wherein the waveguide antenna comprises a waveguide structure and a beam adjusting structure; the waveguide structure comprises a first waveguide layer and a second waveguide layer which are stacked in a first direction; a plurality of radiation holes are arranged at one end of the first waveguide layer away from the second waveguide layer in the first direction; the plurality of radiation holes are arranged at intervals along a second direction; a feed network is formed in at least the second waveguide layer; the feed network is used for exciting the plurality of radiation holes; the beam adjusting structure is arranged on one side of the first waveguide layer in a direction and away from the second waveguide layer; the beam adjusting structure is attached to the end surface of the first waveguide layer in the first direction; the beam adjusting structure is provided with an opening along the first direction; the opening corresponds to the plurality of radiation holes and completely exposes the plurality of radiation holes. In this way, the switching of the antenna beam width is realized under the premise that the waveguide structure remains unchanged, so that different requirements of the waveguide antenna can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waveguide antenna technology, and particularly to a waveguide antenna and a waveguide radar. Background Technology

[0002] The antenna is the front-end component of millimeter-wave radar, responsible for transmitting and receiving corresponding electromagnetic wave signals. With the increasing prevalence of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in automobiles, the number of millimeter-wave radars used in vehicles is growing rapidly. Millimeter-wave radars are installed at the front, rear, and four corners of vehicles, and the beamform requirements for radar antennas differ depending on their location. Corner radars require a wide beam pattern, while front and rear radars require a narrower beam pattern. Existing waveguide antennas often have fixed beamform shapes. To meet the beamform requirements of radars at different locations, multiple antennas need to be designed, increasing antenna design complexity. The different fabrication requirements for multiple antennas also increase fabrication complexity, as do the different installation requirements for different antenna positions, increasing installation complexity. Furthermore, the design of multiple antennas increases system costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to propose a waveguide antenna and a waveguide radar, aiming to improve upon existing technical solutions that require the design of multiple antennas to meet the radar beam requirements at different locations, thereby increasing antenna design complexity and system cost.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the waveguide antenna proposed in this invention comprises: A waveguide structure includes a first waveguide layer and a second waveguide layer stacked in a first direction. The first waveguide layer has a plurality of radiating holes at its end in the first direction away from the second waveguide layer. The plurality of radiating holes are spaced apart along a second direction. A feed network is formed at least within the second waveguide layer to excite the plurality of radiating holes. A beam adjustment structure is disposed on one side of the first waveguide layer in one direction and away from the second waveguide layer. The beam adjustment structure is fitted and cooperates with the end face of the first waveguide layer in the first direction. The beam adjustment structure has an opening along the first direction, the opening corresponding to a plurality of radiation holes and fully exposing the plurality of radiation holes.

[0005] In one embodiment, the first waveguide layer has a plurality of first grooves recessed on one end face of the beam adjustment structure in a first direction, and the plurality of first grooves are spaced apart along a third direction on at least one side of the plurality of radiation holes in the third direction.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first waveguide layer has a second groove recessed on one end face of the beam adjustment structure in a first direction, and the second groove is arranged around the periphery of the plurality of radiation holes.

[0007] In one embodiment, the waveguide structure has a waveguide hole at one end that avoids the beam adjustment structure. The waveguide hole is bent in multiple segments in the second direction and the third direction to form the feed network. The waveguide hole is at least partially located in the second waveguide layer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the waveguide aperture includes a main waveguide and a plurality of branch waveguides. One end of the main waveguide is formed on the end face of the second waveguide layer, and the other end is connected to the plurality of branch waveguides. The plurality of branch waveguides are arranged at intervals in a second direction or a third direction.

[0009] In one embodiment, the waveguide aperture includes a main waveguide and a plurality of branch waveguides. One end of the main waveguide is formed on the end face of the second waveguide layer, and the other end is connected to the plurality of branch waveguides. The plurality of branch waveguides are arranged at intervals in a second direction or a third direction.

[0010] In one embodiment, the waveguide hole is disposed on the side end of the waveguide structure in the second direction or the third direction, and the waveguide hole includes two holes disposed on the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer, the two holes being spaced apart in the first direction and used to enclose and form the waveguide hole.

[0011] In one embodiment, the waveguide structure further includes two matching steps, both of which are disposed in the waveguide aperture and are spaced apart in a second direction or a third direction. Each matching step protrudes at least partially from the opening of the waveguide aperture.

[0012] In one embodiment, the number of the radiating holes is set to an even number.

[0013] The present invention also proposes a waveguide radar, including the waveguide antennas described above, wherein a plurality of the waveguide antennas are arranged at intervals in a second direction and / or a third direction, and the plurality of the waveguide antennas are integrally formed.

[0014] In the technical solution of this invention, after electromagnetic waves are input from the feed network, they can excite the plurality of radiation holes on the first waveguide layer. The radiation holes radiate electromagnetic waves outward. By setting the beam adjustment structure on the outside of the plurality of radiation holes, the openings on the beam adjustment structure can adjust the beam width of the radiated electromagnetic waves, thereby adapting to different usage requirements. Under the premise that the waveguide structure remains unchanged, the antenna beam width can be switched to meet the different usage requirements of the waveguide antenna. Furthermore, the beam adjustment structure is directly attached to the end face of the first waveguide layer, without the need for additional complex connection and fixing structures. The overall structure is simpler and easier to process and assemble. At the same time, it does not increase the size of the waveguide antenna in the first direction, which is beneficial to the miniaturization design of the waveguide antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view of a mid-waveguide antenna; Figure 3 This is a top view of waveguide antenna 1; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of the waveguide antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Exploded view of a mid-waveguide structure; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the waveguide aperture; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of another embodiment of the waveguide antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the waveguide aperture; Figure 9 An exploded view of yet another embodiment of the waveguide antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the narrow beam of the waveguide antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the wide beam of the waveguide antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 12 An exploded schematic diagram of the waveguide radar provided by this invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A top-view diagram of a mid-waveguide radar; Figure 14 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a mid-waveguide radar viewed from below.

[0017] Explanation of icon numbers: 1000, Waveguide radar; 100, Waveguide antenna; 1, Waveguide structure; 11, First waveguide layer; 111, Radiation aperture; 12, Second waveguide layer; 13, First slot; 14, Second slot; 15, Waveguide aperture; 151, Main waveguide; 152, Branch waveguide; 16, Matching step; 2, Beam adjustment structure; 21, Opening.

[0018] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0022] The antenna is the front-end component of millimeter-wave radar, responsible for transmitting and receiving corresponding electromagnetic wave signals. With the increasing prevalence of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in automobiles, the number of millimeter-wave radars used in vehicles is growing rapidly. Millimeter-wave radars are installed at the front, rear, and four corners of vehicles, and the beamform requirements for radar antennas differ depending on their location. Corner radars require a wide beam pattern, while front and rear radars require a narrower beam pattern. Existing waveguide antennas often have fixed beamform shapes. To meet the beamform requirements of radars at different locations, multiple antennas need to be designed, increasing antenna design complexity. The different fabrication requirements for multiple antennas also increase fabrication complexity, as do the different installation requirements for different antenna positions, increasing installation complexity. Furthermore, the design of multiple antennas increases system costs.

[0023] This invention proposes a waveguide antenna, aiming to improve upon existing technical solutions that require the design of multiple antennas to meet the radar beam requirements at different locations, thereby increasing antenna design complexity and system cost.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 In one embodiment of the present invention, the waveguide antenna 100 includes a waveguide structure 1 and a beam adjustment structure 2. The waveguide structure 1 includes a first waveguide layer 11 and a second waveguide layer 12 stacked in a first direction. The first waveguide layer 11 has a plurality of radiation holes 111 through one end in the first direction away from the second waveguide layer 12. The plurality of radiation holes 111 are arranged at intervals along a second direction. A feeding network is formed at least in the second waveguide layer 12 to excite the plurality of radiation holes 111. The beam adjustment structure 2 is disposed on one side of the first waveguide layer 11 in a first direction and is disposed away from the second waveguide layer 12. The beam adjustment structure 2 is fitted and cooperates with the end face of the first waveguide layer 11 in the first direction. The beam adjustment structure 2 has an opening 21 through it in the first direction. The opening 21 corresponds to the plurality of radiation holes 111 and is disposed to fully expose the plurality of radiation holes 111.

[0025] Please refer to the technical solution of this invention. Figure 10 and Figure 11After electromagnetic waves are input from the feed network, they can excite multiple radiation holes 111 on the first waveguide layer 11. The radiation holes 111 radiate electromagnetic waves outward. By setting a beam adjustment structure 2 on the outside of the multiple radiation holes 111, the opening 21 on the beam adjustment structure 2 can adjust the beam width of the radiated electromagnetic waves, thereby adapting to different usage requirements. Under the premise that the waveguide structure 1 remains unchanged, the antenna beam width can be switched to meet the different usage requirements of the waveguide antenna 100. Furthermore, the beam adjustment structure 2 is directly attached to the end face of the first waveguide layer 11, without the need for additional complex connection and fixing structures. The overall structure is simpler and easier to process and assemble. At the same time, it will not increase the size of the waveguide antenna 100 in the first direction, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the waveguide antenna 100.

[0026] It should be noted that in this invention, the beam adjustment structure 2 achieves beam width adjustment of the waveguide antenna 100 by the size of its opening 21 extending along the first direction. Specifically, in some embodiments, when a narrower beam width is required, a beam adjustment structure 2 with a smaller opening 21 can be selected to limit the radiation range of the radiated electromagnetic waves; when a wider beam width is required, a beam adjustment structure 2 with a larger opening 21 can be used instead. There is no need to change the design of the waveguide structure 1 itself. The beam width can be quickly adjusted simply by replacing the beam adjustment structure 2 with a beam adjustment structure 2 of different opening 21 sizes, adapting to the usage requirements of different scenarios and effectively reducing development costs and processing cycles.

[0027] Of course, in other embodiments, the opening 21 can also be set to be adjustable in size. In this way, the beamwidth can be flexibly adjusted directly without replacing different beam adjustment structures 2, which makes it more adaptable and easier to use.

[0028] When setting the size of the opening 21, it is only necessary to ensure that the opening 21 can fully expose the multiple radiation holes 111, that is, the opening 21 does not block any of the radiation holes 111, so as to avoid blocking the radiation holes 111 and affecting the radiation performance of the antenna, and to ensure that electromagnetic waves can be radiated outward normally.

[0029] Furthermore, since the beam adjustment structure 2 is only attached to the first waveguide layer 11 on the periphery of the multiple radiation holes 111, it will not cause additional interference to the radiation effect of the radiation holes 111, and can ensure the stability of the antenna's radiation performance while adjusting the beamwidth.

[0030] It should also be noted that, in order to ensure the ability of the beam adjustment structure 2 to adjust the waveguide wavelength, in this invention, the beam adjustment structure 2 can be set as a metal plate, which is stacked on the first waveguide layer 11. It can effectively block and limit electromagnetic waves, allowing only electromagnetic waves within the range of the opening 21 to radiate outward, thereby achieving a stable beamwidth adjustment effect.

[0031] Meanwhile, the metal beam adjustment structure 2 is easy to process and can be easily molded to obtain openings 21 of different sizes, which facilitates mass production.

[0032] In this invention, to ensure the symmetry of the output beam of the waveguide antenna 100, in some embodiments, the number of radiation apertures 111 is set to an even number. It is understood that an even number of radiation apertures 111 can be arranged symmetrically on both sides of the centerline of the waveguide structure 1, so that the overall radiated electromagnetic wave beam can also maintain symmetry, avoid the problem of beam deflection, and further improve the stability of the radiation performance of the waveguide antenna 100.

[0033] Of course, the present invention does not limit the specific number of radiation holes 111. In the present invention, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 9 The radiation aperture 111 can be set to two, four, six or even more, as long as the multiple radiation apertures 111 are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the waveguide structure 1.

[0034] Furthermore, in this invention, to further improve the waveguide antenna 100's ability to adjust the waveguide width, in some embodiments, the first waveguide layer 11 has a plurality of first grooves 13 recessed on one end face of the beam adjustment structure 2 in a first direction. The plurality of first grooves 13 are spaced apart along a third direction on at least one side of the plurality of radiation apertures 111 in the third direction. This arrangement allows for further alteration of the electric field distribution around the radiation apertures 111 by the first grooves 13, adjusting the propagation boundary of the electromagnetic wave, thereby enabling more precise control of the beamwidth. Simultaneously, since the first grooves 13 are located on the end face of the first waveguide layer 11 itself, they do not additionally increase the overall thickness of the waveguide antenna 100, thus not affecting the miniaturization design.

[0035] It is understood that the present invention does not limit the specific structural form of the first groove 13. In the present invention, the first groove 13 can be configured as an elongated groove extending along the second direction. In this case, the first groove 13 has multiple radiation holes 111 protruding from both ends at least in the second direction, so that the first groove 13 can form a stable constraint on the electromagnetic wave propagation range on both sides of the radiation holes 111 in the third direction, further improving the accuracy of beam adjustment. The structure is simple and easy to process, and the adjustment effect is stable.

[0036] In some other embodiments, the first slot 13 can also be configured as multiple spaced dot-shaped slots or block-shaped slots. The distribution of the first slot 13 can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual beam adjustment requirements, so as to adapt to different operating conditions according to different arrangement methods, making it more adaptable.

[0037] It is understood that the present invention does not limit the specific placement of the multiple first grooves 13. In some embodiments, the multiple first grooves 13 can be all placed on one side of the multiple radiation holes 111 in the third direction. Such a placement can form an asymmetrical beam adjustment effect to adapt to the application scenario that requires unilateral beam constraint. During processing, only slots need to be opened on one side, making the processing steps simpler.

[0038] In other embodiments, the multiple first slots 13 may also be disposed on both sides of the multiple radiation holes 111 in the third direction. In this way, electromagnetic waves can be constrained on both sides of the radiation holes 111 at the same time, so as to obtain a narrow beam with better symmetry and more stable performance, further improving the beam adjustment effect and meeting the application scenarios with higher requirements for beamwidth.

[0039] The specific shape and position of the multiple first grooves 13 can be selected according to requirements, and the present invention does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0040] It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the groove depth of the multiple first grooves 13 in the first direction. The setting of the groove depth of the multiple first grooves 13 in the first direction can further adjust the waveguide width. When the groove depth of the first groove 13 in the first direction is within a certain threshold range, its constraint effect on electromagnetic waves is weaker and the beam width is wider. Conversely, the larger or smaller the groove depth, the stronger the constraint effect on electromagnetic waves and the narrower the beam width. In actual design and manufacturing, the required beam width can be obtained more accurately by adjusting the groove depth of the first groove 13. Combined with changing the size of the opening 21 of the beam adjustment structure 2, the flexibility of beam width adjustment is further improved.

[0041] Specifically, in this example, the threshold range of the groove depth of the first groove 13 is set to 0.7mm-0.9mm. That is, when the groove depth of the first groove 13 is within this range, the constraint effect of the first groove 13 on electromagnetic waves is weak, and a wider radiation beam can be obtained to meet the needs of large coverage. When a narrower beam is required, the groove depth of the first groove 13 can be adjusted to less than 0.7mm or greater than 0.9mm. By deepening or shallowing the groove depth, a stronger constraint effect can be obtained, resulting in a narrower radiation beam. This range setting can stably achieve wide beam output to adapt to most application scenarios that require a wide beam.

[0042] It should also be noted that in this invention, the spacing between the multiple first slots 13 and the multiple radiation holes 111 in the third direction can also achieve the adjustment of the beamwidth. When the spacing between the multiple first slots 13 and the multiple radiation holes 111 in the third direction is smaller, the constraint effect of the multiple first slots 13 on the electromagnetic waves is stronger, and the beamwidth is narrower. Conversely, the spacing between the first slots 13 and the radiation holes 111 is larger, the constraint effect is weaker, and the beamwidth is wider. In actual setup, the beamwidth can be further fine-tuned by the spacing parameter between the multiple first slots 13 and the multiple radiation holes 111 in the third direction to obtain a radiation effect that better meets the requirements.

[0043] Of course, in this invention, other structures can also be used to adjust the beamwidth; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 In some embodiments, the first waveguide layer 11 has a second groove 14 recessed on one end face of the beam adjustment structure 2 in the first direction, and the second groove 14 is arranged around the periphery of the plurality of radiation holes 111. It can be understood that the arrangement of the second groove 14 can form a uniform electric field boundary adjustment around the radiation holes 111, making the beam width adjustment in each direction more uniform and consistent. In addition, the arrangement of the second groove 14 can further increase the beam width to meet the application requirements of a large radiation range. At the same time, the second groove 14 is integrally recessed on the end face of the first waveguide layer 11, and will not increase the overall thickness of the waveguide antenna 100 in the first direction, thus not compromising the miniaturization design effect of the waveguide antenna 100.

[0044] It should be noted that, in order to ensure the beamwidth adjustment capability of the second slot 14 and avoid interference between the beam adjustment structure 2 and the second slot 14, in a further embodiment of the present invention, the second slot 14 is fully exposed through the opening 21. This arrangement ensures that the electric field distribution adjusted by the second slot 14 is not affected by the beam adjustment structure 2, and the opening 21 of the beam adjustment structure 2 does not impose additional limitations on the beam adjustment effect of the second slot 14. This allows the two to work together to stably output the radiation beam of the required design width, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the adjustment effect.

[0045] Furthermore, to ensure the formation of the feed network, in this invention, a waveguide aperture 15 is provided at one end of the waveguide structure 1 to avoid the beam adjustment structure 2. The waveguide aperture 15 is bent in multiple segments in the second and third directions to form the feed network. The waveguide aperture 15 is at least partially located in the second waveguide layer 12. This arrangement allows the waveguide aperture 15 to form the feed network, accommodating the bent wiring of the feed network in a smaller space, meeting the feed phase and amplitude requirements of multiple radiating apertures 111, and integrating the feed network inside the waveguide structure 1, eliminating the need for additional feed structures and further simplifying the overall structure of the waveguide antenna 100.

[0046] The present invention does not limit the specific location of the power supply network, that is, it does not limit the specific location of the waveguide hole 15. In some embodiments, the waveguide hole 15 is only opened in the second waveguide layer 12. This setting can avoid interfering with the radiation performance of the radiation hole 111 on the first waveguide layer 11, and at the same time realize the layered processing of the first waveguide layer 11 and the second waveguide layer 12, which makes the processing more difficult, makes it easier to ensure the processing accuracy of the two waveguide layers, and improves the product qualification rate.

[0047] In some other embodiments, the waveguide aperture 15 includes two aperture portions respectively disposed on the first waveguide layer 11 and the second waveguide layer 12. The two aperture portions are spaced apart in the first direction and are used to enclose and form the waveguide aperture 15. With this configuration, by providing two aperture portions on the first waveguide layer 11 and the second waveguide layer 12, and by enclosing the waveguide aperture 15 with the two aperture portions, the feed network can simultaneously utilize the internal space of the first waveguide layer 11 and the second waveguide layer 12, which can further reduce the overall size of the waveguide antenna 100 in the first direction and adapt to the requirements of installation space.

[0048] It should be noted that when the waveguide aperture 15 includes two apertures respectively located in the first waveguide layer 11 and the second waveguide layer 12, in a further embodiment of the present invention, to ensure the opening of the waveguide aperture 15, the waveguide aperture 15 is located at the side end of the waveguide structure 1 in the second or third direction. In this way, the waveguide aperture 15 can be opened from the side end, ensuring that the two apertures can be smoothly enclosed to form the waveguide aperture 15.

[0049] Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, when the waveguide hole 15 is only formed in the second waveguide layer 12, the waveguide hole 15 can also be provided on the side end of the second waveguide layer 12 in the second direction or the third direction. In this way, it is convenient to process and open the second waveguide layer 12 from the side end, and the processing method is simpler.

[0050] Similarly, in other embodiments of the present invention, the waveguide hole 15 may also be formed at the end of the second waveguide layer 12 away from the first waveguide layer 11 in the first direction. This arrangement facilitates the feed port (i.e. the opening of the waveguide hole 15) to be led out from the end of the second waveguide layer 12 in the first direction, adapting to different equipment installation layout requirements, without occupying the installation space on the side of the waveguide structure 1, and can adapt to application scenarios with requirements for side installation space.

[0051] Specifically, in this invention, the actual location of the waveguide aperture 15 can be selected according to requirements, and this invention does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0052] Power supply networks come in many different forms; for example, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6In some embodiments, the waveguide aperture 15 includes a main waveguide 151 and multiple branch waveguides 152. One end of the main waveguide 151 is located on the end face of the second waveguide layer 12, and the other end is connected to multiple branch waveguides 152. The multiple branch waveguides 152 are arranged at intervals in a second or third direction. With this configuration, the multiple branch waveguides 152 form a parallel configuration, meaning that after electromagnetic waves are input from the main waveguide 151, they can be simultaneously distributed to multiple branch waveguides 152. The branch waveguides 152 then feed the multiple radiation apertures 111 respectively, ensuring that the multiple radiation apertures 111 receive excitation signals with consistent amplitude and synchronized phase, thereby obtaining a more consistent radiation beam. The feeding structure is simple, and the signal distribution is stable and reliable.

[0053] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 8 In other embodiments, the feeding network can also be configured in series. In still other embodiments of the invention, the waveguide aperture 15 includes a main waveguide 151 and multiple branch waveguides 152. The main waveguide 151 is formed on the end face of the second waveguide layer 12, and the multiple branch waveguides 152 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the main waveguide 151 and are sequentially connected to the main waveguide 151 in the extension direction of the main waveguide 151. With this configuration, electromagnetic waves can pass sequentially along the main waveguide 151 through each branch waveguide 152, thereby feeding each radiation aperture 111 in sequence. This allows for flexible adjustment of the feeding phase of different radiation apertures 111, making it easier to meet the design requirements of specific radiation patterns, and resulting in a more compact structural arrangement.

[0054] Furthermore, it should be noted that, to further reduce electromagnetic wave loss and ensure efficient transmission of electromagnetic wave signals, in a further embodiment of the present invention, the waveguide structure 1 further includes two matching steps 16. Both matching steps 16 are disposed at the waveguide aperture 15 and are spaced apart in a second or third direction. Each matching step 16 at least partially protrudes from the opening of the waveguide aperture 15. This arrangement allows for adjustment of the impedance matching effect at the opening of the waveguide aperture 15 through the matching steps 16, reducing electromagnetic wave signal reflection at the input port, reducing energy loss, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the waveguide antenna 100 and ensuring the stability of signal transmission.

[0055] Since the matching step 16 protrudes at least partially from the opening of the waveguide aperture 15, this further improves the adjustment range of the impedance matching of the matching step 16, adapts to different input port sizes, allows for flexible adjustment of matching parameters, and reduces return loss.

[0056] Furthermore, the matching step 16 is directly integrated inside the waveguide hole 15, eliminating the need for additional independent matching components and thus not increasing the overall volume of the waveguide antenna 100, thereby further ensuring the miniaturization characteristics of the waveguide antenna 100.

[0057] It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the specific cooperation between the matching step 16 and the waveguide structure 1. In the present invention, the matching step 16 can be set separately from the waveguide structure 1 or it can be integrally formed with the waveguide structure 1. In actual setting, it can be selected according to the requirements.

[0058] This invention also proposes a waveguide radar 1000, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 The waveguide radar 1000 includes multiple waveguide antennas 100. The specific structure of each waveguide antenna 100 is as described in the above embodiments. Since this waveguide radar 1000 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. The multiple waveguide antennas 100 are arranged at intervals in the second direction and / or the third direction, and the multiple waveguide antennas 100 are integrally formed.

[0059] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waveguide antenna, characterized in that, include: A waveguide structure includes a first waveguide layer and a second waveguide layer stacked in a first direction. The first waveguide layer has a plurality of radiating holes at its end in the first direction away from the second waveguide layer. The plurality of radiating holes are spaced apart along a second direction. A feed network is formed at least within the second waveguide layer to excite the plurality of radiating holes. A beam adjustment structure is disposed on one side of the first waveguide layer in one direction and away from the second waveguide layer. The beam adjustment structure is fitted and cooperates with the end face of the first waveguide layer in the first direction. The beam adjustment structure has an opening along the first direction, the opening corresponding to a plurality of radiation holes and fully exposing the plurality of radiation holes.

2. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first waveguide layer has a plurality of first grooves recessed on one end face of the beam adjustment structure in a first direction, and the plurality of first grooves are spaced apart along a third direction on at least one side of the plurality of radiation holes in the third direction.

3. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first waveguide layer has a second groove recessed on one end face of the beam adjustment structure in a first direction, and the second groove is arranged around the periphery of the plurality of radiation holes.

4. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide structure has a waveguide hole at one end that avoids the beam adjustment structure. The waveguide hole is bent in multiple sections in the second and third directions to form the feeding network. The waveguide hole is at least partially located in the second waveguide layer.

5. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The waveguide aperture includes a main waveguide and multiple branch waveguides. One end of the main waveguide is opened on the end face of the second waveguide layer, and the other end is connected to multiple branch waveguides. The multiple branch waveguides are arranged at intervals in the second or third direction.

6. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The waveguide aperture includes a main waveguide and multiple branch waveguides. The main waveguide is formed on the end face of the second waveguide layer. The multiple branch waveguides are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the main waveguide and are sequentially connected to the main waveguide in the extension direction of the main waveguide.

7. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The waveguide hole is disposed on the side end of the waveguide structure in the second direction or the third direction, and the waveguide hole includes two holes disposed on the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer respectively. The two holes are spaced apart in the first direction and are used to enclose and form the waveguide hole.

8. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The waveguide structure further includes two matching steps, both of which are located in the waveguide aperture and are spaced apart in a second direction or a third direction. Each matching step protrudes at least partially from the opening of the waveguide aperture.

9. The waveguide antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of radial holes is set to an even number.

10. A waveguide radar, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of waveguide antennas as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of waveguide antennas are arranged at intervals in a second direction and / or a third direction, and the plurality of waveguide antennas are integrally formed.

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