Box-type substation with adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure

Abstract

The application discloses a box-type transformer substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation shutter structure, and belongs to the technical field of transformer substations, which comprises a ventilation cleaning mechanism, the ventilation cleaning mechanism comprises ventilation holes on one side of the outer wall of a cabinet body, the inner wall of the ventilation hole is provided with shutters connected with movable shafts, one end of the movable shafts is fixed on sprockets, the sprockets are connected through a chain transmission, one end of the movable shafts is fixed on a handle, and the outer wall edge of the sprocket is provided with a friction sleeve connected with the movable shafts; a cabinet body inner wall top center is provided with an air outlet, the inner wall of the air outlet is fixedly installed with a driving motor through a support, and the output shaft of the driving motor is sequentially fixedly installed with a first driving wheel and rotating blades. The application can solve the technical problems that the existing device cannot realize rapid cooling of the temperature inside the transformer box, dust in the air can also enter the cabinet and adhere to the internal equipment when external air enters the cabinet, and thus electrostatic adsorption phenomenon is generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of substation technology, specifically relating to a box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure. Background Technology

[0002] A prefabricated substation, also known as a prefabricated transformer substation, is a factory-prefabricated, compact indoor or outdoor power distribution device that integrates high-voltage switchgear, distribution transformers, and low-voltage power distribution equipment according to a specific wiring scheme. It organically combines the functions of transformer voltage reduction and low-voltage power distribution, and installs them in a moisture-proof, rust-proof, dust-proof, rodent-proof, fire-proof, theft-proof, heat-insulated, fully enclosed, and movable steel structure box. It is particularly suitable for urban power grid construction and renovation, and is a brand-new type of substation that has emerged after civil engineering substations.

[0003] Prefabricated substations can distribute electrical energy. Most existing prefabricated substations rely on ventilation holes on the surface of the enclosure for heat dissipation, which is generally achieved through natural ventilation. However, when the internal environment of the enclosure is at a high temperature, the temperature inside the substation cannot be cooled down quickly, resulting in unsatisfactory heat dissipation. Moreover, most ventilation holes are set to remain open, and when outside air enters the enclosure, dust in the air also enters the enclosure and adheres to the internal equipment. Over time, dust particles accumulate, leading to electrostatic adsorption, which affects the safe operation of internal electronic components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure to solve the technical problem that general natural ventilation is not a way to quickly cool down the internal temperature of the substation, resulting in unsatisfactory heat dissipation. Moreover, when outside air enters the box, dust in the air also enters the box and adheres to the internal equipment, leading to dust particle accumulation and electrostatic adsorption over a long period of time.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A prefabricated substation with adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louvers includes: A ventilation and cleaning mechanism includes a ventilation hole on one side of the outer wall of the cabinet, and louvers connected to a movable shaft are provided on the inner wall of the ventilation hole. One end of a plurality of movable shafts is fixedly connected to a sprocket, and the plurality of sprockets are connected by a chain drive. A rotating handle is fixedly connected to the outer end of one of the movable shafts, and a friction sleeve connected to the movable shaft is provided on the outer edge of the sprocket. An air outlet is provided at the center of the top of the inner wall of the cabinet. A drive motor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the air outlet by a bracket. The output shaft of the drive motor is fixedly installed with a first driving wheel and a rotating blade in sequence. The first driving wheel and the first driven wheel are connected by a first belt drive. One end of the first driven wheel is fixed on a two-way screw with positive and negative threads. Both ends of the outer wall of the two-way screw have sliders that move in opposite directions. A baffle plate is installed at one end of the slider and placed at the ventilation hole.

[0006] Furthermore, a guide groove is formed between the rotating blade and the inner wall of the air outlet. Brush bristles are fixed on the side of the baffle plate facing the louvers. When the baffle plate moves with the slider, the brush bristles contact the windward side surface of the louvers and brush the louvers. The bottom of the bidirectional screw with positive and negative teeth is connected to the inner wall of the cabinet through a bearing. One end of the slider is connected to the first rack plate inside the transformer chamber through a first swing rod. The outer wall of the first rack plate is engaged with a first rotating tooth. A ratchet groove is provided at the center of the first rotating tooth. A turntable is movably connected inside the ratchet groove. A pawl that movably abuts against the ratchet groove is rotatably connected on the turntable.

[0007] Furthermore, a torsion spring adapted to the turntable is provided at the center of the pawl, and a gear shaft mounting seat is provided on the inner wall of the transformer chamber. The first rotating tooth and the turntable are rotatably mounted on the gear shaft mounting seat through the gear shaft. One end of the central shaft on the turntable extends to a second driving wheel located at both ends of the outer wall of the transformer chamber. The second driving wheel and the second driven wheel are connected by a second belt drive. The two ends of the first swing rod are rotatably connected to the slider and the first rack plate, respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer wall of the second belt is integrally formed with equidistantly distributed scrapers, and the two ends of the outer wall of the transformer are connected with inverted V-shaped plates by locking with positioning bolts. A collection box is provided below one end of the outer wall of the scraper. The collection box is a movable pull-out structure, and a handle is fixedly installed at one end of the collection box.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a fire extinguishing and blocking mechanism, which includes a fixed frame placed on one side of the inner wall of the cabinet. The inner wall of the fixed frame is connected to a foam layer through a heat-conducting block. A counterweight is connected to the upper limit support of the foam layer. A limiting groove connected to the counterweight is opened in the height direction of the inner wall of the fixed frame. A second rack plate is fixedly installed on the top of the counterweight. One end of the second rack plate penetrates the shell and is driven by a third rack plate that moves in the opposite direction through a second rotating tooth. One end of the third rack plate is connected to the cover plate through a second swing rod.

[0010] Furthermore, a T-shaped groove is provided on the top of the inner wall of the cabinet along its length direction to connect with the cover plate. When the cover plate slides along the T-shaped groove to the closed position, the upper surface of the cover plate abuts against the sealing gasket on the lower end face of the air outlet to seal the air outlet. The two ends of the second swing rod are rotatably connected to the third rack plate and the cover plate, respectively. The outer wall of the housing is connected to the cabinet in a detachable and fixed manner. A tapered part is installed on one end of the third rack plate through a moving rod.

[0011] Furthermore, a packaging bag is provided below the conical part and supported on the inner wall of the cabinet. The packaging bag includes an inner layer and an outer layer, which are connected by a diaphragm. The inner and outer layers are respectively filled with a saturated aqueous solution of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder. The packaging bag is placed inside an insulating leak-proof shell. The insulating leak-proof shell has a gas release hole facing the internal space of the cabinet and a liquid retention chamber at the bottom. The gas generated by the reaction between the saturated aqueous solution of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder is discharged through the gas release hole, and the reaction residue is confined in the liquid retention chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the top of the cabinet extends upwards and is provided with a fixing ring that connects to the air outlet. Both ends of the fixing ring are provided with fixing plates integrally formed with the cabinet and with downward-sloping openings. A baffle with a drainage channel is fixedly installed on the top of the fixing plate along its length. A controller is installed on one side of the inner wall of the cabinet. The controller is preset with a first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2 that is lower than the first temperature threshold T1. The controller is configured to acquire the actual temperature T detected by the temperature sensor, control the drive motor to start when T≥T1, control the drive motor to stop when T≤T2, and maintain the current operating state of the drive motor when T2<T<T1.

[0013] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) In this invention, by setting a movable shaft, louvers, sprockets, chains, handles and friction sleeves at the ventilation holes of the cabinet, multiple louvers can rotate synchronously with the sprockets and chains, thereby realizing the synchronous adjustment of the ventilation hole opening; the friction sleeve can improve the rotational damping between the movable shaft and the sprocket, so that the louvers are not easily deflected due to vibration or airflow impact after being adjusted to the predetermined angle, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the ventilation opening adjustment of the box-type substation.

[0014] (2) The present invention drives the rotating blades and the bidirectional screw with positive and negative threads to work simultaneously by driving the motor. The rotating blades can form an exhaust airflow at the air outlet, which improves the heat dissipation efficiency inside the cabinet. The bidirectional screw with positive and negative threads drives the sliders at both ends to move in opposite directions, so that the baffle plate can be adjusted to open and close relative to the ventilation hole. The bristles on the side of the baffle plate close to the louver can brush and clean the dust attached to the louver and ventilation hole. Thus, the linkage of ventilation and heat dissipation, ventilation area adjustment and louver self-cleaning is realized, reducing the situation where dust blocks the ventilation hole and affects the heat dissipation performance.

[0015] (3) The present invention uses the transmission and cooperation of the slider, the first swing rod, the first rack plate, the first rotating tooth, the ratchet groove, the turntable, the pawl, the second drive wheel, the second belt and the scraper to further convert the reciprocating motion generated during the movement of the baffle into the cleaning motion of the scraper; when the scraper moves along the outer wall of the inverted V-shaped plate, it can guide the dust that has been brushed off or accumulated into the collection box. The collection box adopts a movable pull-out structure and is equipped with a handle, which facilitates subsequent centralized cleaning and maintenance, thereby reducing the frequency of manual cleaning and improving the long-term convenience of the ventilation and cleaning mechanism.

[0016] (4) By setting up a fire-extinguishing blocking mechanism, when the internal temperature of the cabinet rises abnormally, the heat-conducting block transfers heat to the foam layer, reducing the supporting capacity of the foam layer and releasing the counterweight. The counterweight drives the second rack plate, the second rotating tooth, the third rack plate and the second swing rod to move the cover plate along the T-shaped groove and block the air outlet, thereby reducing the amount of external air entering the cabinet and blocking the flow of combustion-supporting gas. At the same time, the third rack plate drives the conical part to puncture the packaging bag through the moving rod, so that the saturated citric acid aqueous solution and sodium bicarbonate powder in the packaging bag mix and react to produce carbon dioxide as an auxiliary fire-extinguishing gas, which helps to suppress the spread of fire and improve the operational safety of the box-type substation.

[0017] (5) The present invention also uses the controller, temperature sensor and first temperature threshold T1 and second temperature threshold T2 to perform temperature feedback control on the drive motor; when the actual temperature T≥T1, the drive motor is controlled to start to enhance exhaust heat dissipation; when the actual temperature T≤T2, the drive motor is controlled to stop; and when T2<T<T1, the current running state of the drive motor is maintained, thereby forming temperature hysteresis control, avoiding frequent start and stop of the drive motor near the critical temperature, reducing the start and stop impact of the motor and the switching burden of the controller, and improving the stability of ventilation and heat dissipation control. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a box-type substation with adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louvers according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a box-type substation with adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louvers according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cabinet of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cabinet of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing transmission of the sprocket and chain in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing transmission between the first rack plate and the ratchet of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing frame of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the housing of the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1. Ventilation and cleaning mechanism; 2. Cabinet; 3. Movable shaft; 4. Louver; 5. Sprocket; 6. Chain; 7. Handle; 8. Friction sleeve; 9. Air outlet; 10. Drive motor; 11. First driving wheel; 12. Rotating blade; 13. First driven wheel; 14. First belt; 15. Double-sided lead screw; 16. Slider; 17. Baffle plate; 18. Transformer chamber; 19. First rack plate; 20. First swing rod; 21. First rotating tooth; 22. Ratchet groove; 23. Turntable; 24. Pad; 25. Torsion spring; 26. Rotation. 27. Groove; 28. Second driving wheel; 29. ​​Second driven wheel; 30. Second belt; 31. Scraper; 32. Inverted V-shaped plate; 33. Collection box; 34. Handle; 35. Fire extinguishing blocking mechanism; 36. Fixing frame; 37. Heat-conducting block; 38. Foam layer; 39. Counterweight; 40. Second rack plate; 41. Housing; 42. Second rotating tooth; 43. Third rack plate; 44. Cover plate; 45. Second swing rod; 46. Moving rod; 47. Conical part; 48. Packaging bag; 49. Fixing ring; 50. Fixing plate; 51. Baffle; 52. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Reference manual attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 9 As shown, this invention discloses a prefabricated substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure, including a cabinet 2, a ventilation and cleaning mechanism 1, and a fire extinguishing and blocking mechanism 34. The cabinet 2 forms the main installation space of the prefabricated substation, and a transformer chamber 18 is located inside the cabinet 2 to house the transformer and related electrical components. The ventilation and cleaning mechanism 1 is installed on the cabinet 2 to allow air circulation between the inside and outside of the cabinet 2, and to adjust and clean the ventilation area during ventilation. The fire extinguishing and blocking mechanism 34 is located inside the cabinet 2 and is used to close the air outlet 9 and trigger a fire extinguishing response when the internal temperature of the cabinet 2 rises abnormally or a fire occurs, thereby reducing the risk of fire spread.

[0023] The ventilation and cleaning mechanism 1 includes ventilation holes on one side of the outer wall of the cabinet 2. These ventilation holes allow outside air to enter the cabinet 2 or allow hot air inside the cabinet 2 to be expelled. Multiple louvers 4 are installed on the inner wall of the ventilation holes, spaced apart along the height of the ventilation holes. Each louver 4 is connected to a corresponding movable shaft 3, which is rotatably supported on the inner wall of the ventilation hole, allowing the louvers 4 to change their tilt angle as the shaft 3 rotates. By adjusting the opening and closing angle of the louvers 4, the effective ventilation area of ​​the ventilation holes can be changed, and external impurities entering the cabinet 2 can be blocked even in environments with abundant rain, dust, or debris.

[0024] Multiple movable shafts 3 are fixedly connected at one end to corresponding sprockets 5, and adjacent sprockets 5 are connected by a chain 6. Thus, when one movable shaft 3 rotates, the remaining movable shafts 3 can be driven to rotate synchronously through the sprockets 5 and chain 6, ensuring that the multiple louvers 4 maintain a consistent opening and closing angle. A handle 7 is fixedly connected to one end of each movable shaft 3 at one end. The operator can rotate the handle 7 to rotate the movable shaft 3, thereby achieving synchronous adjustment of the angle of all louvers 4. This structure eliminates the need to adjust each louver 4 individually, making operation convenient and ensuring good consistency in adjustment.

[0025] A friction sleeve 8 is provided on the outer edge of the sprocket 5, and the friction sleeve 8 is connected to the movable shaft 3. The friction sleeve 8 can provide a certain friction holding force after the movable shaft 3 is adjusted to the correct position, so that the louvers 4 are not easily deflected by airflow impact or external vibration, thus maintaining a stable ventilation angle. The friction sleeve 8 can be made of rubber, wear-resistant resin, or other materials with appropriate friction damping properties to improve the positioning reliability after adjustment.

[0026] An air outlet 9 is located at the center of the top of the inner wall of the cabinet 2. The air outlet 9 is used to expel the hot air accumulated inside the cabinet 2. A drive motor 10 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the air outlet 9 via a bracket. The output shaft of the drive motor 10 is axially arranged along the air outlet 9. A first drive wheel 11 and a rotating blade 12 are sequentially fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 10. After the drive motor 10 is started, the rotating blade 12 rotates with the output shaft, forming an outward airflow at the air outlet 9, allowing the hot air inside the cabinet 2 to be quickly discharged through the air outlet 9, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency inside the cabinet 2.

[0027] A guide channel is formed between the rotating blade 12 and the inner wall of the air outlet 9. The guide channel is used to guide the airflow to be discharged in a predetermined direction, reducing turbulence or backflow at the air outlet 9. By cooperating with the rotating blade 12, the exhaust stability at the air outlet 9 can be improved and the exhaust resistance can be reduced, allowing the heat inside the cabinet 2 to be dissipated more smoothly.

[0028] The first driving wheel 11 is connected to the first driven wheel 13 via the first belt 14. One end of the first driven wheel 13 is fixedly connected to the double-threaded screw 15, which is arranged along the internal height of the cabinet 2 or in a direction compatible with the ventilation holes. The bottom of the double-threaded screw 15 is connected to the inner wall of the cabinet 2 via bearings, enabling the double-threaded screw 15 to rotate stably and bear the transmission load. The outer walls of the double-threaded screw 15 are provided with threaded sections with opposite directions of rotation at both ends, and sliders 16 are helically connected to both threaded sections. When the double-threaded screw 15 rotates, the two sliders 16 can move synchronously in opposite directions.

[0029] A baffle plate 17 is installed at one end of the slider 16, and the baffle plate 17 is located at the ventilation hole. When the two sliders 16 move in opposite directions, they can move the corresponding baffle plate 17 closer to or further away from the ventilation area of ​​the ventilation hole, thereby adjusting the occlusion of the ventilation hole. When the internal temperature of the cabinet 2 is high, the baffle plate 17 moves in the opening direction, increasing the ventilation area of ​​the ventilation hole and allowing more outside air to enter the cabinet 2. When the internal temperature of the cabinet 2 decreases or there is a lot of dust in the external environment, the baffle plate 17 moves in the blocking direction to reduce the entry of impurities into the cabinet 2.

[0030] A brush is fixed to one end of the baffle 17 near the louver 4. As the baffle 17 moves with the slider 16, the brush can contact the surface of the louver 4 and sweep along the surface of the louver 4, thereby brushing off the dust, lint, or light impurities attached to the louver 4. Thus, the baffle 17 not only adjusts the ventilation area, but also performs self-cleaning of the louver 4 during movement, preventing long-term dust accumulation in the louver 4 and thus reducing ventilation efficiency.

[0031] One end of the slider 16 is connected to the first rack plate 19 inside the transformer chamber 18 via a first swing rod 20. Both ends of the first swing rod 20 are rotatably connected to the slider 16 and the first rack plate 19 respectively, so that when the slider 16 moves, it can drive the first rack plate 19 to reciprocate via the first swing rod 20. The outer wall of the first rack plate 19 has a first rotating tooth 21 engaged in transmission, which drives the first rotating tooth 21 to rotate when the first rack plate 19 reciprocates.

[0032] A ratchet groove 22 is formed at the center of the first rotating tooth 21, and a turntable 23 is movably connected inside the ratchet groove 22. A pawl 24 is rotatably connected to the turntable 23, and the pawl 24 can move and abut against the ratchet groove 22. A torsion spring 25 adapted to the turntable 23 is provided at the center of the pawl 24, and the torsion spring 25 is used to keep the pawl 24 tending to abut against the ratchet groove 22. When the first rotating tooth 21 rotates in one direction, the ratchet groove 22 abuts against the pawl 24 and drives the turntable 23 to rotate synchronously; when the first rotating tooth 21 rotates in the opposite direction, the pawl 24 can slide through the ratchet groove 22, so that the turntable 23 does not rotate in the opposite direction with the first rotating tooth 21. Thus, the reciprocating movement of the first rack plate 19 can be converted into the unidirectional intermittent rotation of the turntable 23.

[0033] The inner wall of the transformer chamber 18 has a rotating groove 26 that connects to the turntable 23 and the first rotating tooth 21. The rotating groove 26 provides installation and rotation space for the turntable 23 and the first rotating tooth 21, and ensures their stability during meshing and unidirectional transmission. One end of the central shaft on the turntable 23 extends to both ends of the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18 and is connected to the second driving wheel 27. The second driving wheel 27 is connected to the second driven wheel 28 via a second belt 29. When the turntable 23 rotates in one direction, the second driving wheel 27 rotates synchronously and drives the second driven wheel 28 to rotate via the second belt 29.

[0034] Multiple equidistant scraper blades 30 are integrally formed on the outer wall of the second belt 29. As the second belt 29 moves, the scraper blades 30 scrape away dust or debris accumulated on both sides of the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18. Inverted V-shaped plates 31 are fixedly locked at both ends of the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18 by positioning bolts. These plates guide dust particles falling from the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18 onto the second belt 29, allowing the dust to slide down along the inclined surface of the plates, preventing it from re-adhering to the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18. A collection box 32 is located below one end of the outer wall of the scraper blades 30. The collection box 32 collects the falling dust and debris. The collection box 32 has a movable pull-out structure, with a handle 33 fixedly installed at one end. Maintenance personnel can pull out the collection box 32 through the handle 33 for regular cleaning of the internal dust.

[0035] With the above structure, when the drive motor 10 starts for exhaust and heat dissipation, the first drive wheel 11 rotates synchronously, driving the first driven wheel 13 and the bidirectional lead screw 15 via the first belt 14. The bidirectional lead screw 15 drives the two sliders 16 to move in opposite directions, causing the baffle plate 17 to open and close the ventilation holes, while the bristles on the baffle plate 17 clean the louvers 4. During the movement of the sliders 16, the first rack plate 19 is moved via the first swing rod 20, which drives the first tooth 21 to rotate. Through the ratchet groove 22, the turntable 23, the pawl 24, and the torsion spring 25, a one-way transmission is formed, causing the second belt 29 to drive the scraper 30 to run, thereby cleaning the dust on the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18. Thus, exhaust and heat dissipation, ventilation adjustment, louver cleaning, and dust removal on the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18 can be carried out in a coordinated manner, improving structural utilization and operational reliability.

[0036] Because the pawl 24 only engages with the ratchet groove 22 and drives the turntable 23 to rotate when the first tooth 21 rotates in the cleaning direction, and slides relative to the first tooth 21 during the reverse return stroke, the second belt 29 always runs unidirectionally toward the collection box 32, preventing the scraper 30 from bringing the scraped dust back to the vicinity of the V-shaped plate 31 or louver 4 during the return stroke. Thus, the opening and closing reciprocating motion of the baffle 17 is converted into a unidirectional dust conveying motion, so that the ventilation opening adjustment action simultaneously produces a dust collection effect.

[0037] The fire extinguishing and blocking mechanism 34 includes a fixed frame 35 disposed on one side of the inner wall of the cabinet 2. A foam layer 37 is connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame 35 via a heat-conducting block 36, which rapidly transfers heat from inside the cabinet 2 to the foam layer 37. A counterweight 38 is connected to the upper limit support of the foam layer 37. A limiting groove is formed along the height direction on the inner wall of the fixed frame 35, and the counterweight 38 slides within the limiting groove. The limiting groove restricts the movement direction of the counterweight 38, ensuring that the counterweight 38 falls stably vertically after the foam layer 37 loses its support.

[0038] A second rack plate 39 is fixedly mounted on the top of the counterweight 38. One end of the second rack plate 39 passes through the housing 40 and meshes with a second rotating tooth 41 inside the housing 40. The other side of the second rotating tooth 41 is meshed with a third rack plate 42, so that when the second rack plate 39 moves, it can drive the third rack plate 42 to move in the opposite direction through the second rotating tooth 41. One end of the third rack plate 42 is connected to the cover plate 43 through a second swing rod 44. The two ends of the second swing rod 44 are rotatably connected to the third rack plate 42 and the cover plate 43 respectively, so that the linear movement of the third rack plate 42 can be converted into the movement of the cover plate 43.

[0039] A T-shaped groove is formed along the length of the top of the inner wall of cabinet 2, and cover plate 43 is slidably connected to the T-shaped groove. The T-shaped groove is used to limit, support and guide cover plate 43, so that cover plate 43 can move stably along the top of cabinet 2. The top of cover plate 43 can move and abut against air outlet 9. When the internal temperature of cabinet 2 rises abnormally and the foam layer 37 softens, melts or loses its supporting capacity, counterweight 38 falls along the limiting groove under the action of gravity, driving the second rack plate 39 to move down synchronously. The second rack plate 39 drives the third rack plate 42 to move in the opposite direction through the second rotating tooth 41. The third rack plate 42 pushes cover plate 43 along the T-shaped groove through the second swing rod 44, so that cover plate 43 closes air outlet 9. After air outlet 9 is closed, the air circulation inside cabinet 2 is suppressed, and external oxygen is difficult to continue to enter the interior of cabinet 2 through air outlet 9, which helps to block the spread of fire.

[0040] The outer wall of the housing 40 is detachably fixed to the cabinet 2. The detachable structure facilitates the later inspection or replacement of the second rack plate 39, the second rotating tooth 41, and the third rack plate 42. A tapered part 46 is mounted on one end of the third rack plate 42 via a moving rod 45. When the third rack plate 42 moves, the moving rod 45 moves synchronously, causing the tapered part 46 to move towards the packaging bag 47.

[0041] A packaging bag 47, supported and connected to the inner wall of the cabinet 2, is located below the conical section 46. The packaging bag 47 consists of an inner layer and an outer layer connected by a diaphragm. The inner and outer layers are filled with a saturated citric acid aqueous solution and sodium bicarbonate powder, respectively. When the third rack plate 42 moves under the falling force of the counterweight 38, the conical section 46 punctures or breaks the packaging bag 47 and the diaphragm, allowing the saturated citric acid aqueous solution to react with the sodium bicarbonate powder and release carbon dioxide gas. After the carbon dioxide gas diffuses inside the cabinet 2, it reduces the local oxygen concentration and suppresses the initial fire. This structure does not require additional complex electrical triggering components and can achieve the sealing of the air outlet 9 and the release of the extinguishing medium through mechanical linkage under high temperature conditions, demonstrating high reliability.

[0042] A fixing ring 48 is provided at the top of the cabinet 2, extending upwards, and connects to the air outlet 9. The fixing ring 48 is used to strengthen the structural strength of the air outlet 9 and guide the exhaust hot air. Fixing plates 49, integrally formed with the cabinet 2 and with downward-sloping openings, are provided at both ends of the fixing ring 48. The fixing plates 49 can prevent rainwater, debris, or external particles from directly entering the air outlet 9. A baffle 50 is fixedly installed along the length of the top of the fixing plate 49, and a drainage channel is provided on the baffle 50. Rainwater falling onto the baffle 50 can be discharged along the drainage channel, preventing rainwater from flowing back into the cabinet 2, thereby improving the protection performance of the prefabricated substation in outdoor environments.

[0043] A controller 51 is installed on one side of the inner wall of the cabinet 2. The controller 51 is electrically connected to a temperature sensor and a drive motor 10. The controller 51 has a preset first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2 that is lower than the first temperature threshold T1. The temperature sensor is used to detect the actual temperature T inside the cabinet 2 and send the temperature signal to the controller 51. When the controller 51 determines that the actual temperature T is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold T1, it controls the drive motor 10 to start, and the rotating blades 12 begin to exhaust and dissipate heat. At the same time, it drives the baffle plate 17, brush bristles, first rack plate 19, first rotating tooth 21, turntable 23, second belt 29 and scraper 30 to work in conjunction. When the controller 51 determines that the actual temperature T is less than or equal to the second temperature threshold T2, it controls the drive motor 10 to stop running to reduce energy consumption and reduce component wear. When the actual temperature T is between the second temperature threshold T2 and the first temperature threshold T1, the controller 51 maintains the current running state of the drive motor 10 to avoid the drive motor 10 from frequently starting and stopping due to temperature fluctuations near the critical value.

[0044] Preferably, a separable transmission assembly is provided between the output shaft of the drive motor 10 and the first drive wheel 11. The separable transmission assembly is an electromagnetic clutch, an overrunning clutch, or a friction torque limiter. A first limit sensor and a second limit sensor are respectively provided at the opening and closing endpoints of the baffle 17. Both the first and second limit sensors are electrically connected to the controller 51. When T≥T1, the controller 51 controls the separable transmission assembly to engage, causing the drive motor 10 to drive the bidirectional lead screw 15 to rotate and drive the baffle 17 to move in the opening direction. When the first limit sensor detects that the baffle 17 has reached the opening endpoint, the controller 51 controls the separable transmission assembly to disengage, and the drive motor 10 continues to drive the rotating blades 12 to exhaust air without driving the bidirectional lead screw 15. When T≤T2, the controller 51 controls the drive motor 10 to rotate in the reverse direction and engages the separable transmission component until the second limit sensor 54 detects that the baffle 17 has reached the closing end point and stops the drive motor 10. A one-way clutch is provided between the rotating blade 12 and the output shaft of the drive motor 10. When the drive motor 10 drives the bidirectional lead screw 15 with forward and reverse teeth in the reverse direction, the one-way clutch disengages the reverse transmission of the rotating blade 12.

[0045] In this embodiment, under normal heat dissipation conditions, as the heat inside the cabinet 2 gradually increases, the temperature sensor detects that the actual temperature T reaches the first temperature threshold T1, and the controller 51 controls the drive motor 10 to start. The drive motor 10 drives the rotating blades 12 to rotate, causing the hot air inside the cabinet 2 to be discharged through the air outlet 9. At the same time, the first driving wheel 11 drives the first driven wheel 13 to rotate through the first belt 14, which in turn causes the bidirectional screw 15 to rotate. The two sliders 16 move in opposite directions and drive the baffle plate 17 to open the ventilation hole, allowing outside air to enter the cabinet 2 through the louvers 4. When the baffle plate 17 moves, the bristles clean the surface of the louvers 4, reducing dust adhesion. The sliders 16 also drive the first rack plate 19 to move back and forth through the first swing rod 20, which drives the second belt 29 to run unidirectionally through the first rotating tooth 21 and the ratchet assembly, so that the scraper 30 continuously or intermittently cleans the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18. The removed dust falls into the collection box 32 after being guided by the inverted V-shaped plate 31, facilitating subsequent centralized cleaning.

[0046] When the internal temperature of cabinet 2 drops below the second temperature threshold T2, controller 51 controls drive motor 10 to stop. At this time, rotating blade 12 stops exhausting, bidirectional lead screw 15 stops rotating, and baffle 17 remains in the corresponding position. By forming a temperature difference control range through the first temperature threshold T1 and the second temperature threshold T2, the operational stability of drive motor 10 can be improved, avoiding mechanical shock and increased energy consumption caused by frequent start-stop cycles.

[0047] When abnormally high temperatures or initial fires occur inside cabinet 2, the heat-conducting block 36 transfers heat to the foam layer 37. The foam layer 37 softens, melts, or loses its supporting strength due to the heat, and the counterweight block 38 moves downwards under gravity. The counterweight block 38 drives the second rack plate 39 downwards, and the second rack plate 39 drives the third rack plate 42 to move in the opposite direction via the second rotating tooth 41. The third rack plate 42, on one hand, pushes the cover plate 43 to close the air outlet 9 via the second swing rod 44, blocking the airflow exchange between the inside of cabinet 2 and the outside; on the other hand, it drives the cone-shaped part 46 to puncture the packaging bag 47 via the moving rod 45, causing the saturated citric acid aqueous solution and sodium bicarbonate powder to mix and release carbon dioxide gas. Thus, the fire-extinguishing blocking mechanism 34 can automatically complete the sealing and fire-suppressing actions under high-temperature conditions, reducing the risk of fire spread.

[0048] The packaging bag 47 is placed inside the insulating leak-proof shell. The insulating leak-proof shell is provided with a gas release hole facing the internal space of the cabinet 2 and a liquid retention chamber located at the bottom. The gas generated after the saturated aqueous solution of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder are mixed is discharged through the gas release hole, and the reaction residue is confined in the liquid retention chamber to avoid the liquid from contacting the transformer and electrical components.

[0049] This invention achieves synchronous adjustment of the louver 4 angle through sprocket 5, chain 6, and handle 7, allowing the opening and closing state of the ventilation holes to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual operating environment. The transmission between the drive motor 10, rotating blades 12, first driving wheel 11, first belt 14, first driven wheel 13, and bidirectional lead screw 15 enables linkage between heat dissipation and ventilation hole obstruction adjustment. The brush bristles on the obstruction plate 17 achieve self-cleaning of the louver 4 surface, reducing the possibility of dust clogging the ventilation holes. The automatic scraping of dust from the outer wall of the transformer chamber 18 is achieved through the cooperation of the first rack plate 19, first rotating tooth 21, ratchet groove 22, turntable 23, pawl 24, second driving wheel 27, second belt 29, and scraper 30. The fire extinguishing mechanism 34 seals the air outlet 9 and releases carbon dioxide gas under abnormally high temperatures, improving the operational safety of the prefabricated substation. The overall structure is compact, the transmission relationship is clear, and it can simultaneously meet the requirements of heat dissipation, dust prevention, self-cleaning, and fire suppression, making it suitable for the long-term operating environment of outdoor prefabricated substations.

[0050] The temperature feedback control of the present invention is not only used to start the exhaust component, but also to decouple the continuous exhaust action of the drive motor 10 from the limited stroke opening and closing action of the baffle 17 through a separable transmission component and a limit sensor. Within the opening and closing stroke of the baffle 17, the bristles sweep the louvers 4, and the first rack plate 19 drives the second belt 29 and the scraper 30 to discharge ash in one direction toward the collection box 32 via a ratchet and pawl mechanism. This forms a technical effect chain of temperature detection, control judgment, exhaust and opening adjustment, louver sweeping, one-way ash discharge, and reduced ventilation resistance and cooling.

[0051] Under the same cabinet size, transformer heating power, and ambient temperature conditions, the fixed louver ventilation scheme without brush cleaning structure and the linkage ventilation cleaning scheme of this embodiment were compared. After running for a preset time, the pressure difference across the ventilation holes, the highest temperature inside the cabinet, the amount of dust on the louver surface, and the number of start-stop cycles of the drive motor were measured. The results show that this embodiment, by using the baffle plate 17 to drive the brush to sweep the louvers 4 and using the ratchet and pawl mechanism to drive the scraper 30 to discharge dust in one direction, reduces the increase in pressure difference at the ventilation holes, lowers the highest temperature inside the cabinet, and reduces the frequent start-stop cycles of the drive motor 10 near the threshold temperature due to temperature hysteresis control.

[0052] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to only certain specific implementations. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure, characterized in that, include: Ventilation and cleaning mechanism (1), the ventilation and cleaning mechanism (1) includes a ventilation hole on one side of the outer wall of the cabinet (2), the inner wall of the ventilation hole is provided with louvers (4) connected to the movable shaft (3), one end of multiple movable shafts (3) is fixedly connected with a sprocket (5), the multiple sprockets (5) are connected by a chain (6); the outer end of one of the movable shafts (3) is fixedly connected with a handle (7), the outer edge of the sprocket (5) is provided with a friction sleeve (8) connected to the movable shaft (3); An air outlet (9) is provided at the center of the top of the inner wall of the cabinet (2). A drive motor (10) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the air outlet (9) by a bracket. The output shaft of the drive motor (10) is fixedly installed with a first driving wheel (11) and a rotating blade (12). The first driving wheel (11) and the first driven wheel (13) are connected by a first belt (14). One end of the first driven wheel (13) is fixed on a two-way screw (15) with positive and negative threads. Both ends of the outer wall of the two-way screw (15) are spirally driven with sliders (16) that move in opposite directions. One end of the slider (16) is equipped with a baffle plate (17) placed at the ventilation hole.

2. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guide groove is formed between the rotating blade (12) and the inner wall of the air outlet (9). The bristles are fixed on the side of the baffle plate (17) facing the louver (4). When the baffle plate (17) moves with the slider (16), the bristles contact the windward side surface of the louver (4) and brush the louver (4). The bottom of the double-sided screw (15) is connected to the inner wall of the cabinet (2) through a bearing. One end of the slider (16) is connected to the first rack plate (19) inside the transformer chamber (18) through a first swing rod (20). The outer wall of the first rack plate (19) is meshed with a first rotating tooth (21). A ratchet groove (22) is provided at the center of the first rotating tooth (21). A turntable (23) is movably connected inside the ratchet groove (22). A pawl (24) that movably abuts against the ratchet groove (22) is rotatably connected on the turntable (23).

3. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pawl (24) is provided with a torsion spring (25) adapted to the turntable (23) at its center. The inner wall of the transformer chamber (18) is provided with a gear shaft mounting seat. The first rotating tooth (21) and the turntable (23) are rotatably mounted on the gear shaft mounting seat through the gear shaft. One end of the central shaft on the turntable (23) extends to the second driving wheel (27) placed at both ends of the outer wall of the transformer chamber (18). The second driving wheel (27) and the second driven wheel (28) are connected by a second belt (29). The two ends of the first swing rod (20) are rotatably connected to the slider (16) and the first rack plate (19) respectively.

4. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the second belt (29) is integrally formed with scrapers (30) evenly distributed, and the two ends of the outer wall of the transformer chamber (18) are connected with inverted V-shaped plates (31) by locking with positioning bolts. A collection box (32) is provided below one end of the outer wall of the scraper (30). The collection box (32) is a movable pull-out structure, and a handle (33) is fixedly installed at one end of the collection box (32).

5. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fire-extinguishing blocking mechanism (34), which includes a fixed frame (35) placed on one side of the inner wall of the cabinet (2). The inner wall of the fixed frame (35) is connected to a foam layer (37) through a heat-conducting block (36). The upper limit support of the foam layer (37) is connected to a counterweight (38). The inner wall of the fixed frame (35) is provided with a limiting groove connected to the counterweight (38) in the height direction. A second rack plate (39) is fixedly installed on the top of the counterweight (38). One end of the second rack plate (39) penetrates the shell (40) and is engaged with a third rack plate (42) that moves in the opposite direction through a second rotating tooth (41). One end of the third rack plate (42) is connected to the cover plate (43) through a second swing rod (44).

6. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cabinet (2) has a T-shaped groove in the length direction of the inner wall, which is connected to the cover plate (43). When the cover plate (43) slides along the T-shaped groove to the closed position, the upper surface of the cover plate (43) abuts against the sealing gasket of the lower end face of the air outlet (9) to close the air outlet (9). The two ends of the second swing rod (44) are rotatably connected to the third rack plate (42) and the cover plate (43) respectively. The outer wall of the shell (40) is connected to the cabinet (2) in a detachable and fixed manner. One end of the third rack plate (42) is equipped with a tapered part (46) through a moving rod (45).

7. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, Below the conical part (46) is a packaging bag (47) that is supported and connected to the inner wall of the cabinet (2). The packaging bag (47) includes an inner layer and an outer layer, which are connected by a diaphragm. The inner layer and the outer layer are respectively filled with a saturated aqueous solution of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder. The packaging bag (47) is placed inside an insulating leak-proof shell. The insulating leak-proof shell has a gas release hole facing the internal space of the cabinet (2) and a liquid retention chamber at the bottom. The gas generated by the reaction of the saturated aqueous solution of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder is discharged through the gas release hole, and the reaction residue is confined in the liquid retention chamber.

8. A box-type substation with an adjustable self-cleaning ventilation louver structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet (2) has a fixed ring (48) at the top extending upward, which is connected to the air outlet (9). The fixed ring (48) has a fixed plate (49) at both ends that is integrally formed with the cabinet (2) and has an opening that is inclined downward. A baffle (50) with a drainage channel is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed plate (49) along its length. A controller (51) is installed on one side of the inner wall of the cabinet (2). The controller (51) has a first temperature threshold T1 and a second temperature threshold T2 that is lower than the first temperature threshold T1. The controller (51) is configured to acquire the actual temperature T detected by the temperature sensor, control the drive motor (10) to start when T≥T1, control the drive motor (10) to stop when T≤T2, and maintain the current operating state of the drive motor (10) when T2<T<T1.

Images