Method, device and equipment for multiple frequency modulation cooperative control and medium

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power system frequency modulation control, and discloses a multiple frequency modulation cooperative control method, device, equipment and medium. The multiple frequency modulation cooperative control method provided by the application collects the operation state information of each regulating unit in a power plant energy system, determines equivalent on-grid power, calculates a power difference value and decomposes a state of charge recovery correction component, and adjusts energy storage according to the correction component and the state of charge of a flywheel energy storage unit, so that the flywheel energy storage unit retains the primary frequency modulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency modulation, effectively solves the problem that the state of charge deviates due to the long-term bearing of the continuous component of the flywheel energy storage unit, the flywheel energy storage unit can retain the primary frequency modulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency modulation, the deviation of the state of charge is avoided, and the rapid response capability during power grid frequency disturbance is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power system frequency regulation control technology, specifically to a method, device, equipment, and medium for multi-frequency regulation coordinated control. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous increase in the proportion of renewable energy generation, the demand for secondary frequency regulation in automatic generation control of the power grid changes rapidly, has uncertain duration, and experiences frequent short-cycle fluctuations. Traditional thermal power units are affected by boiler thermal inertia, turbine valve operation limitations, main steam pressure changes, and insufficient ramp-up capability, making it difficult to respond to automatic generation control commands in a timely and accurate manner. When flywheel energy storage alone undertakes the continuous component of automatic generation control, its energy capacity is limited. Long-term continuous power adjustment will cause the state of charge to deviate continuously, thereby weakening the subsequent primary frequency regulation, inertia support, and rapid response capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method, device, equipment, and medium for multi-frequency regulation coordinated control, which enables flywheel energy storage units to retain primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation, avoids continuous deviation of state of charge, and ensures rapid response capability during grid frequency disturbances.

[0004] Firstly, this application provides a multi-frequency regulation coordinated control method applied to a power plant energy system. The method includes: collecting operating status information of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system; wherein each regulating unit in the power plant energy system includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage unit, and an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit; determining the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system based on the operating status information; determining the secondary frequency regulation demand of the power plant energy system based on the power difference between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and determining the state-of-charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation demand. The equivalent grid-connected power is used to characterize the active power transmitted by the power plant's energy system. The state-of-charge recovery correction component is used to characterize the energy recovery amount of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. Based on the state-of-charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, energy storage adjustment is performed on the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation, so that the flywheel energy storage unit retains the primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation. Among them, primary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances of the power grid, and secondary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to power demand changes caused by automatic generation control commands.

[0005] Based on the above technical means, by introducing a state of charge recovery correction component, dynamic optimization of flywheel energy storage energy management is achieved, ensuring that while undertaking secondary frequency regulation tasks, it can continuously maintain the primary frequency regulation response capability to instantaneous frequency disturbances of the power grid, thereby improving the overall frequency regulation performance and operational reliability of the power plant's energy system.

[0006] In one optional implementation, the secondary frequency regulation requirement of the power plant energy system is determined based on the power difference between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and the state-of-charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation requirement is determined. This includes: calculating the power difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power, wherein when the power difference is positive, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is increased; when the power difference is negative, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is decreased; and the power difference is decomposed into components to obtain the state-of-charge recovery correction component.

[0007] Based on the aforementioned technical means, this application can convert macroscopic power differences into control commands with clear physical meaning and effectively manage the state of charge (SOC) of flywheel energy storage units. This allows the system to proactively adjust the SOC of flywheel energy storage units while responding to grid frequency regulation demands, avoiding the problem of SOC deviation from the target range caused by long-term continuous frequency regulation tasks. This ensures the flywheel energy storage unit's ability to continuously participate in secondary frequency regulation while retaining its primary frequency regulation response capability, effectively solving the problem in existing technologies where flywheel energy storage units easily deviate from the target range when solely undertaking continuous AGC components.

[0008] In one optional implementation, the power difference is decomposed into components to obtain a state-of-charge recovery correction component, including: ;in, This is the power difference. For fast transient components, used to adjust the power of flywheel energy storage units; This is a medium-speed continuous component used for power adjustment of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units; This is a slow, steady-state component used for power adjustment of thermal power unit units. This is a correction component for restoring the state of charge.

[0009] Based on the above technical means, the power difference Decomposed into fast transient components Medium-speed continuous component Slow steady-state components and the state of charge recovery correction component A multi-source collaborative power allocation architecture was constructed. This decomposition enables the power plant energy system to achieve refined power allocation based on the response characteristics and energy capacity of different regulation units. It effectively solves the problem that a single device cannot simultaneously ensure response speed and continuous regulation capability, and improves the response speed, accuracy, and sustainability of the power plant energy system to automatic generation control commands and secondary frequency regulation commands.

[0010] In one optional implementation, energy storage adjustment is performed on the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation based on the state of charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit. This includes: determining the reserve charge demand for primary frequency regulation, wherein the reserve charge demand includes charging reserve and discharging reserve; when the flywheel energy storage unit performs charging and discharging tasks, if the charging reserve is greater than the rechargeable amount of the flywheel energy storage unit or the discharging reserve is greater than the dischargeable amount of the flywheel energy storage unit, then energy storage adjustment is performed based on the coordination of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

[0011] Based on the aforementioned technical means, this application introduces a dynamic monitoring and coordinated adjustment mechanism for primary frequency regulation reserve load demand, ensuring that the flywheel energy storage unit maintains the necessary frequency disturbance response capability while undertaking secondary frequency regulation tasks. This effectively resolves the conflict between secondary frequency regulation and primary frequency regulation reserve demand, avoids the problem of decreased primary frequency regulation capability due to excessive participation of the flywheel energy storage unit in secondary frequency regulation, and thus improves the power plant's energy system's rapid response capability to grid frequency disturbances and overall operational stability.

[0012] In one optional implementation, energy storage adjustment is performed based on the synergy of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, including: if the discharge reserve is greater than the discharge capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, controlling the flywheel energy storage unit to charge, while simultaneously reducing the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, so that the decrease in equivalent grid-connected power caused by the charging of the flywheel energy storage unit is offset by the reduction in the electric heating load of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit; if the charging reserve is greater than the chargeable capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, controlling the flywheel energy storage unit to discharge, while simultaneously increasing the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, so that the increase in equivalent grid-connected power caused by the discharge of the flywheel energy storage unit is offset by the absorption of the heat storage body of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit.

[0013] Based on the aforementioned technical means, this application constructs a power complementarity mechanism between flywheel energy storage units and electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, effectively solving the problem of impaired primary frequency regulation response capability caused by the state of charge (SOC) deviating from the target range when the flywheel energy storage unit participates in secondary frequency regulation. This collaborative control method uses the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit as an adjustable load buffer, not only solving the problem of SOC imbalance caused by frequent frequency regulation participation of the flywheel energy storage unit, but more importantly, ensuring the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, it ensures that the power plant's energy system can always accurately track the target power in the automatic generation control command when performing secondary frequency regulation tasks, avoiding a decrease in frequency regulation accuracy and achieving dual optimization of frequency regulation performance and system stability.

[0014] In one optional implementation, determining the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on operating status information includes: ;in, The equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system. This refers to the power generation capacity of the thermal power unit. This represents the energy storage capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit; discharge is positive and charging is negative. This refers to the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit.

[0015] Based on the aforementioned technical means, this application constructs a mathematical model of the equivalent grid-connected power of a power plant energy system. It weights and integrates the power generation of the thermal power unit, the energy storage power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, thereby accurately representing the actual active power output of the entire energy system. This model provides a unified quantitative benchmark for the multi-source coordinated control of the power plant energy system, overcoming the problem of difficulty in accurately quantifying power due to significant differences in the physical characteristics of each unit. This scheme can provide an accurate and unified assessment of the system's external output power, providing an accurate basis for subsequent determination of secondary frequency regulation requirements and coordinated control of each unit, significantly improving the accuracy and response efficiency of frequency regulation control.

[0016] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: triggering primary frequency regulation when the frequency fluctuation of the grid frequency is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, or the rate of change of the grid frequency is greater than a preset rate of change threshold; distributing the secondary frequency regulation component undertaken by the flywheel energy storage unit to the electrically heated solid energy storage unit or the thermal power unit; and controlling the flywheel energy storage unit to make corresponding energy storage adjustments based on the needs of the first frequency regulation.

[0017] Based on the aforementioned technical means, this application further enhances the power plant's ability to respond to emergency disturbances in grid frequency, building upon the secondary frequency regulation of the power plant's energy system. This significantly improves the power plant's energy system's emergency response capability in the face of sudden grid frequency changes and the overall operational stability of the grid.

[0018] Secondly, this application provides a multi-frequency regulation coordinated control device, comprising: a data acquisition module for acquiring operating status information of various regulating units in a power plant energy system; wherein, each regulating unit in the power plant energy system includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage unit, and an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit; a first determination module for determining the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system based on the operating status information; and a second determination module for determining the secondary frequency regulation demand of the power plant energy system based on the power difference between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and determining the state-of-charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation demand. The quantities are as follows: Equivalent grid-connected power characterizes the active power transmitted by the power plant's energy system; State of charge recovery correction component characterizes the energy recovery quantity of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. The adjustment module is used to adjust the energy storage of the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation based on the State of Charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, ensuring that the flywheel energy storage unit retains its primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation. Primary frequency regulation characterizes the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid, while secondary frequency regulation characterizes the power adjustment made in response to power demand changes caused by automatic generation control commands.

[0019] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the multiple frequency modulation cooperative control method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above.

[0020] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above.

[0021] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the multiple frequency modulation cooperative control method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of the first type of multi-frequency modulation coordinated control method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a second flowchart illustrating the multi-frequency modulation coordinated control method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third process of the multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method according to the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a first example diagram of a multi-frequency modulation coordinated control method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a second example diagram of the multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a third example diagram of the multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of a multi-frequency modulation coordinated control device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this application, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in this application in an appropriate manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and user authorization should be obtained.

[0026] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] This application proposes a multi-frequency modulation coordinated control method for application in power plant energy systems. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S101: Collect the operating status information of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system; wherein, each regulating unit in the power plant energy system includes thermal power unit, flywheel energy storage unit and electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

[0028] Step S102: Determine the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the operating status information.

[0029] Step S103: Determine the secondary frequency regulation requirement of the power plant energy system based on the power difference between the equivalent grid power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and determine the state of charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation requirement. The equivalent grid power is used to characterize the active power sent out by the power plant energy system, and the state of charge recovery correction component is used to characterize the amount of energy recovered by the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. Step S104: Based on the state of charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, energy storage adjustment is performed on the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation, so that the flywheel energy storage unit retains the primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation; wherein, primary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances of the power grid, and secondary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to power demand changes caused by automatic generation control commands.

[0030] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment: A power plant energy system refers to a complex that integrates various energy production, storage and conversion equipment, such as thermal power unit units, flywheel energy storage units and electrically heated solid energy storage units. Its goal is to provide a stable power output to the power grid and respond to grid dispatch instructions.

[0031] A regulating unit refers to a device or subsystem in a power plant's energy system that has power regulation capabilities. For example, a thermal power unit changes its power generation capacity by adjusting fuel input and steam parameters; a flywheel energy storage unit achieves rapid power throughput by changing its rotational speed for charging and discharging; and an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit changes the plant's auxiliary power load by adjusting its electric heating power, thereby affecting the equivalent grid-connected power.

[0032] Operational status information refers to data reflecting the current operating status of each regulating unit, such as the power generation of thermal power units, the state of charge and charging / discharging power of flywheel energy storage units, and the heating power and thermal storage status of electrically heated solid energy storage units. This information is the basis for system coordinated control.

[0033] Equivalent grid-connected power is used to characterize the active power transmitted by a power plant's energy system. Its calculation takes into account factors such as the output of each power generation unit within the system, the charging and discharging of energy storage units, and the plant's auxiliary power load, reflecting the net power actually supplied to the grid by the system.

[0034] Automatic generation control commands are instructions issued by the power grid dispatching agency to the power plant's energy system to adjust its active power output. These commands include a target power value, which the power plant's energy system is required to reach within a certain timeframe.

[0035] Target power refers to the active power output value that the power plant's energy system should achieve, as specified in the automatic generation control instructions.

[0036] The power difference refers to the discrepancy between the equivalent on-grid power of a power plant's energy system and the target power in the automatic generation control command. This difference reflects the deviation between the system's current power output and dispatch requirements, and serves as the basis for triggering frequency regulation actions.

[0037] Secondary frequency regulation (DFG) refers to the power adjustment required to eliminate power discrepancies and ensure that the power output of a power plant's energy system tracks the target power of automatic generation control commands. DFG is primarily used to address power demand fluctuations caused by automatic generation control commands, and its response time is typically on the order of seconds to minutes.

[0038] The state-of-charge recovery correction component characterizes the amount of energy recovered in conjunction with the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This component aims to guide the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit back to the target range, while ensuring the continuity of the overall frequency regulation capability of the system through the synergistic effect of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit.

[0039] Primary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid. When the power grid frequency fluctuates instantaneously, the primary frequency regulation equipment responds quickly, providing or absorbing power within milliseconds to seconds to suppress frequency deviations.

[0040] First, the operational status information of each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system is collected. These regulating units can include thermal power units, flywheel energy storage units, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage units. The collection of operational status information can be achieved by deploying sensors and data acquisition modules on each regulating unit. For example, the operational status information of a thermal power unit can include its current power generation, fuel consumption rate, and turbine valve opening; the operational status information of a flywheel energy storage unit can include its current state of charge, rotational speed, and charging / discharging power; and the operational status information of an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit can include its current heating power, storage medium temperature, and storage state. This information can be collected periodically, for example, every few seconds or tens of seconds, and transmitted to the central controller for processing.

[0041] Secondly, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system is determined based on operational status information. Equivalent grid-connected power characterizes the active power transmitted by the power plant's energy system. One implementation method is to obtain the equivalent grid-connected power through a simple algebraic summation of the power generation of the thermal power unit, the charging and discharging power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. For example, the power generation of the thermal power unit can be considered a positive contribution, the discharge power of the flywheel energy storage unit a positive contribution and its charging power a negative contribution, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit a negative contribution. These power values ​​are then directly added together to obtain the equivalent grid-connected power.

[0042] Next, the secondary frequency regulation demand of the power plant's energy system is determined based on the power difference between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and the state-of-charge (SOC) recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit is determined within the secondary frequency regulation demand. The equivalent grid-connected power characterizes the active power exported by the power plant's energy system, while the SOC recovery correction component characterizes the energy recovery amount of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. Specifically, the difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the current equivalent grid-connected power can be calculated first; this difference represents the initial secondary frequency regulation demand. To determine the SOC recovery correction component, a method based on fixed-ratio allocation or empirical rules can be used. For example, when the power difference requires the system to increase output, a portion of the power demand can be allocated as the SOC recovery correction component based on the current SOC of the flywheel energy storage unit to guide its SOC recovery towards a preset intermediate value. Conversely, when the power difference requires the system to decrease output, a similar allocation of power demand as the SOC recovery correction component can be used.

[0043] Finally, based on the state of charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, energy storage adjustment is performed on the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation, so that the flywheel energy storage unit retains the primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation. Primary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment for instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid, while secondary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment for power demand changes caused by automatic generation control commands. As one implementation method, a safe operating range for the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit can be set. When the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit deviates from this range due to the secondary frequency regulation task, the state of charge recovery correction component will instruct the flywheel energy storage unit to charge or discharge to bring its state of charge back to the safe range. For example, if the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit is too low, the state of charge recovery correction component will prompt it to charge, and even if the current secondary frequency regulation command requires discharge, it will be adjusted within the allowable range to ensure that it can provide the discharge capacity required for primary frequency regulation at any time. Conversely, if the state of charge is too high, it will prompt it to discharge to retain the charging capacity required for primary frequency regulation.

[0044] It is understandable that this method, through the coordinated control of thermal power unit units, flywheel energy storage units, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, effectively solves the problems of delayed response of thermal power units and deviation of the state of charge (SOC) of flywheel energy storage when responding to automatic generation control commands in traditional power plant energy systems. By introducing a SOC recovery correction component, dynamic optimization of flywheel energy storage energy management is achieved, ensuring that while undertaking secondary frequency regulation tasks, it can continuously maintain the primary frequency regulation response capability to instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid, thereby improving the overall frequency regulation performance and operational reliability of the power plant energy system.

[0045] In some implementations, this application further proposes a multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: Step S201: Collect the operating status information of each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S101 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0046] Step S202: Determine the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the operating status information. See details in [link / reference]. Figure 1 Step S102 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0047] Step S203: Based on the power difference between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, determine the secondary frequency regulation demand of the power plant's energy system, and determine the state-of-charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation demand. Specifically, this includes: Step S2031: Calculate the power difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power. When the power difference is positive, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is increased; when the power difference is negative, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is decreased.

[0048] Step S2032: Decompose the power difference into components to obtain the state of charge recovery correction component.

[0049] Specifically, calculating the power difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power aims to quantify the deviation between the actual active power output of the power plant's energy system and the active power expected to be output by the grid dispatch center (the target power in the automatic generation control command). By accurately calculating the power difference, the direction and magnitude of frequency regulation adjustments required by the power plant's energy system can be intuitively reflected. For example, this can be achieved by real-time acquisition of the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system. and the target power in the received automatic power generation control command Subtraction can be performed directly using the calculation module in the control system. Alternatively, a hardware platform such as a digital signal processor or a programmable logic controller can be used to... and As the input signal, the difference is calculated in real time using a preset algorithm program, and the calculation result is... The output is then sent to the subsequent control system.

[0050] When the power difference When the value is positive, the equivalent on-grid power of the power plant's energy system is increased; when the power difference is positive... When the value is negative, the equivalent on-grid power of the power plant's energy system is reduced. When the power difference... When the value is positive, it indicates that the actual output power of the power plant's energy system is lower than the target power, and the output needs to be increased to meet the grid demand; when the power difference is positive... When the value is negative, it indicates that the actual output power of the power plant's energy system is higher than the target power, and the output needs to be reduced to avoid overloading the power grid.

[0051] The power difference is decomposed into components to obtain the state-of-charge recovery correction component. This aims to address the single secondary frequency modulation requirement. It is decomposed into multiple sub-components with different response characteristics and control objectives, one of the key components being the state-of-charge recovery correction component. This decomposition enables the power plant's energy system to respond collaboratively based on the characteristics of each regulating unit, with particular attention to the state-of-charge management of the flywheel energy storage unit to ensure its long-term sustainable frequency regulation capability. For example, decomposition algorithms based on frequency response characteristics or time scales can be used, and filters can be applied to... It is decomposed into fast, medium, and slow components, and a state-of-charge recovery correction component is introduced on this basis. Alternatively, a multi-input multi-output control model can be constructed to... As input, the energy is dynamically allocated based on the operating status of each regulating unit and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, using optimization algorithms or expert systems. Divide into different components and calculate .

[0052] Step S204: Based on the state-of-charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, energy storage adjustment is performed on the flywheel energy storage unit participating in the secondary frequency regulation. See details... Figure 1 Step S104 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0053] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application can transform macroscopic power differences into control commands with clear physical meaning and effectively manage the state of charge (SOC) of the flywheel energy storage unit. This allows the system to proactively adjust the SOC of the flywheel energy storage unit while responding to grid frequency regulation demands, avoiding the problem of the SOC deviating from the target range due to the flywheel energy storage unit undertaking continuous frequency regulation tasks for extended periods. This ensures the flywheel energy storage unit's ability to continuously participate in secondary frequency regulation while retaining its primary frequency regulation response capability, effectively solving the problem in existing technologies where flywheel energy storage alone undertaking continuous AGC components easily leads to a SOC deviating from the target range.

[0054] In some embodiments, this application further proposes to decompose the power difference into components to obtain a state-of-charge recovery correction component, specifically including: ;in, This is the power difference. The fast transient component is used for power regulation of the flywheel energy storage unit. This is a medium-speed continuous component used for power regulation of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units. This is a slow, steady-state component used for power adjustment of thermal power unit units. This is a correction component for restoring the state of charge.

[0055] Specifically, this decomposition aims to achieve refined power allocation and coordinated control based on the response characteristics and energy capacity of different regulation units, thereby optimizing the frequency regulation performance of the entire system and solving the problems caused by a single device undertaking continuous power regulation tasks for a long time. Rule-based or model predictive control methods can be employed, based on... The instantaneous rate of change, duration, and historical data are used to dynamically calculate and allocate each component through preset logical rules or prediction models. It can then perform real-time calculations and adjustments based on the state of charge (SOC) of the flywheel energy storage unit and the thermal storage state of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

[0056] The fast transient component represents the instantaneous power demand requiring a rapid response in the automatic generation control command. Allocating it to the flywheel energy storage unit leverages its fast response speed and high power density to quickly compensate for the lag in the thermal power unit's response to the automatic generation control command within a short time, or to rapidly absorb excess power when the automatic generation control command is rapidly reduced, thereby maintaining grid frequency stability. When the automatic generation control command is rapidly increased, the flywheel energy storage unit is controlled to discharge to compensate for the short-term response lag of the thermal power unit; when the automatic generation control command is rapidly reduced, the flywheel energy storage unit is controlled to charge to absorb short-term excess power. The power adjustment of the flywheel energy storage unit can be achieved through its converter control system. Upon receiving a flywheel fast response command, the converter adjusts the flywheel speed according to the command, switching between motor / generator modes to achieve charging and discharging, thereby outputting or absorbing the corresponding power. The calculation method for the flywheel fast response command is as follows: , To enable the flywheel to respond quickly to commands, This refers to the flywheel's fast response coefficient. The control of the flywheel energy storage unit can also be combined with predictive control algorithms. By predicting the trend of changes in automatic power generation control commands in the near future, the charging and discharging strategies of the flywheel energy storage unit can be adjusted in advance to respond to components more smoothly and accurately, and to ensure that its state of charge fluctuates within a reasonable range.

[0057] The medium-speed continuous component represents the power demand requiring a medium-speed, continuous response in the automatic generation control command (ADC). Allocating this component to electrically heated solid-state energy storage (ESS) units leverages their controllable load characteristics, adjusting heating power to alter the power plant's auxiliary power load and thus influence the plant's equivalent grid-connected power. This method provides a longer continuous regulation capability than flywheel ESD units while avoiding the state-of-charge deviation caused by flywheel ESD units bearing continuous power for extended periods. When the ADC command is raised, the electrically heated ESD units reduce heating power to decrease auxiliary power load and increase equivalent grid-connected power; conversely, when the ADC command is lowered, the electrically heated ESD units increase heating power to increase auxiliary power load and decrease equivalent grid-connected power. Power adjustment of the electrically heated ESD units is achieved through their heating control system. Upon receiving a response command from an electrically heated ESD unit, the control system adjusts the number of electric heaters, heating power level, or heating time according to the command, thereby changing the energy consumed and influencing the power plant's auxiliary power load. The calculation method for the electrically heated ESD unit's response command is as follows: , In response to commands for electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, This represents the response coefficient of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. The negative sign indicates that the direction of the influence of the electric heating power on the equivalent grid-connected power is opposite to the direction of the frequency regulation power demand. The electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit can also be controlled through an intelligent load management system, which can... Factors such as component weight, thermal storage status of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, and operating conditions of the power plant are considered to optimize and adjust the electric heating power in order to achieve precise power regulation and ensure that the temperature of the thermal storage body is within the safe operating range.

[0058] The slow steady-state component represents the power demand requiring a slow, steady-state response in the automatic generation control command, typically a power change of a relatively long duration. Allocating it to thermal power unit units leverages their large energy capacity and strong continuous regulation capabilities, making them the final steady-state power output providers and ensuring the power plant's energy system can stably track the automatic generation control commands over the long term. Power adjustment of the thermal power unit unit is achieved through its turbine speed control system and boiler combustion control system. When receiving… When a power command corresponding to a given component is issued, the speed control system adjusts the turbine control valve opening, while the boiler combustion system adjusts the fuel quantity and air supply to change steam parameters and flow rate, thereby adjusting the unit's power output. This can also be achieved through an advanced Coordinated Control System (CCS), which comprehensively considers the dynamic characteristics of the boiler, turbine, generator, and other components, optimizing control strategies to enable the thermal power unit to respond more smoothly and economically. The components are adjusted and coordinated with other adjustment units.

[0059] The state of charge recovery correction component guides the state of charge (SOC) of the flywheel energy storage unit and the thermal storage state (or equivalent state of charge) of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit back to the target range. This is crucial for ensuring that the flywheel energy storage unit continues to have primary frequency regulation response capability and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit has long-term availability, avoiding a decline in frequency regulation capability due to long-term deviation from the target state. This can be generated using a proportional-integral (PI) controller based on the state-of-charge (SOC) deviation. When the SOC of the flywheel energy storage unit deviates from the target range, the PI controller generates a corrective power command based on the magnitude of the deviation and the cumulative deviation. This command is the corrective power command. This is used to guide the flywheel energy storage unit through charging and discharging, gradually restoring its State of Charge (SOC). It can also be calculated using intelligent algorithms based on fuzzy logic or neural networks. These algorithms can comprehensively consider multiple factors such as the current SOC of the flywheel energy storage unit, the SOC change trend, the thermal storage state of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, and the frequency regulation requirements of the power grid, and dynamically generate [data / information]. To achieve smarter and more robust state-of-charge recovery.

[0060] In one example, dynamic handover between regulation units is achieved based on ramp functions, time constant functions, SOC weighting functions, or thermal storage state weighting functions. This mechanism defines the dynamic switching and coordination strategy for power assignment among different regulation units during automatic generation control command disturbances. It ensures that the most suitable regulation unit undertakes the main frequency regulation task at different stages, thereby fully leveraging the advantages of each unit, avoiding overload or capacity depletion of a single unit, and guaranteeing the continuity and efficiency of frequency regulation for the entire power plant's energy system. Specifically, in the first stage of the automatic generation control command disturbance, the flywheel energy storage unit undertakes the main fast transient component; in the second stage, the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit gradually increases or decreases its heating power, taking over the medium-speed continuous component from the flywheel energy storage unit; after the thermal power unit unit gradually tracks into position, the thermal power unit unit undertakes the slow steady-state component, and the flywheel energy storage unit exits the continuous response. This dynamic handover can be achieved through preset switching logic and function curves. For example, when an automatic generation control command disturbance occurs, the ramp function is first activated, enabling the flywheel energy storage unit to respond quickly. As time goes on, the time constant function begins to take effect, gradually increasing... The components are transferred from the flywheel energy storage unit to the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. Simultaneously, the SOC weighting function or thermal storage state weighting function dynamically adjusts the weight of each unit in the power allocation based on its actual state, ensuring a smooth handover process. Dynamic handover can also be achieved through optimization algorithms based on model predictive control (MPC). The MPC controller can predict automatic generation control commands and the operating status of each unit over a future period, and calculate the optimal power allocation and handover strategy in real time according to preset optimization objectives, thereby achieving more intelligent and flexible dynamic coordination.

[0061] It is understandable that the power difference can be achieved through the above technical solution. Decomposed into fast transient components Medium-speed continuous component Slow steady-state components and the state of charge recovery correction component A multi-source collaborative power allocation architecture was constructed. This decomposition enables the power plant energy system to achieve refined power allocation based on the response characteristics and energy capacity of different regulation units. It effectively solves the problem that a single device cannot simultaneously ensure response speed and continuous regulation capability, and improves the response speed, accuracy, and sustainability of the power plant energy system to automatic generation control commands and secondary frequency regulation commands.

[0062] In some embodiments, this application further proposes a multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: Step S301: Collect the operating status information of each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S101 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0063] Step S302: Determine the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the operating status information. See details in [link / reference]. Figure 1 Step S102 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0064] Step S303: Determine the secondary frequency regulation requirement of the power plant's energy system based on the power difference between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and determine the state-of-charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation requirement. Specifically, this includes: Step S3031: Calculate the power difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power. When the power difference is positive, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system is increased; when the power difference is negative, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system is decreased. (See details...) Figure 2 Step S2031 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0065] Step S3032 involves decomposing the power difference into components to obtain the state-of-charge recovery correction component. See details... Figure 2 Step S2032 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0066] Step S304: Based on the state-of-charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, energy storage adjustment is performed on the flywheel energy storage unit participating in the secondary frequency regulation. Specifically, this includes: Step S3041: Determine the reserve charge requirement for primary frequency regulation, wherein the reserve charge requirement includes charging reserve and discharging reserve.

[0067] Step S3042: When the flywheel energy storage unit is performing a charging and discharging task, if the charging reserve is greater than the chargeable amount of the flywheel energy storage unit or the discharging reserve is greater than the dischargeable amount of the flywheel energy storage unit, then energy storage adjustment is performed based on the coordination of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

[0068] Specifically, in determining the reserve charge demand for primary frequency regulation, which includes both charging and discharging reserves, the aim is to quantify the energy space that flywheel energy storage units must reserve to cope with instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid. Primary frequency regulation characterizes the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid. To ensure that flywheel energy storage units can effectively perform primary frequency regulation tasks while participating in secondary frequency regulation, it is necessary to predetermine the charging and discharging capabilities they should retain. One approach is to determine the charging and discharging reserves based on the requirements for primary frequency regulation response capabilities in power grid operation procedures or dispatch instructions, combined with parameters such as the rated power and response time of the flywheel energy storage units, through preset fixed proportions or empirical values. For example, it can be stipulated that the flywheel energy storage units should always maintain a specific percentage of their rated power as charging reserves and another specific percentage as discharging reserves. Another approach is to dynamically determine the reserve charge demand. For example, based on real-time information such as the current fluctuation of the power grid frequency, power grid load forecasts, and the availability of other primary frequency regulation resources, the charging reserve and discharging reserve can be dynamically adjusted through optimization algorithms or fuzzy control strategies to adapt to the ever-changing power grid operating conditions.

[0069] Based on this, when the flywheel energy storage unit performs charging and discharging tasks, if the charging reserve is greater than the flywheel energy storage unit's rechargeable capacity or the discharging reserve is greater than the flywheel energy storage unit's dischargeable capacity, energy storage adjustment is performed based on the collaboration between the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This step describes the conditions and methods for triggering the collaborative adjustment mechanism when the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit is insufficient. Its function is to promptly identify the reserve capacity risk of the flywheel energy storage unit and, through collaboration with other units, restore the primary frequency regulation capability of the flywheel energy storage unit without affecting the secondary frequency regulation target. One implementation method is that the system monitors the current state of charge (SOC) of the flywheel energy storage unit, as well as its maximum rechargeable capacity and maximum dischargeable capacity, in real time. When the flywheel energy storage unit performs secondary frequency regulation charging and discharging tasks, its actual capacity currently available for charging and discharging is continuously calculated. Once it is found that the actual rechargeable capacity is less than the preset charging reserve or the actual dischargeable capacity is less than the preset discharge reserve, collaborative adjustment is triggered. This coordinated adjustment can include issuing commands to flywheel energy storage units to prioritize restoring reserve capacity, while simultaneously issuing adjustment commands to electrically heated solid-state energy storage units to maintain the overall power balance of the power plant's energy system. Another approach is to use predictive models to assess the state of charge (SOC) trend of flywheel energy storage units over a future period, such as 1 minute or 5 minutes. If the prediction indicates that the SOC of the flywheel energy storage units will deviate from the primary frequency regulation reserve range, coordinated adjustment is triggered in advance. This coordinated adjustment may involve adjusting the secondary frequency regulation response strategy of the flywheel energy storage units, enabling them to gradually restore primary frequency regulation reserve while meeting secondary frequency regulation requirements, and coordinating the operating status of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units to assist the reserve restoration process of the flywheel energy storage units.

[0070] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application introduces a dynamic monitoring and coordinated adjustment mechanism for the primary frequency regulation reserve load demand, ensuring that the flywheel energy storage unit maintains the necessary frequency disturbance response capability while undertaking secondary frequency regulation tasks. This effectively resolves the conflict between secondary frequency regulation and primary frequency regulation reserve demand, avoids the problem of decreased primary frequency regulation capability due to excessive participation of the flywheel energy storage unit in secondary frequency regulation, and thus improves the power plant's energy system's rapid response capability to grid frequency disturbances and overall operational stability.

[0071] In some embodiments, this application further proposes energy storage adjustment based on the synergy of flywheel energy storage units and electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, specifically including: Step a1: If the discharge reserve is greater than the discharge capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, control the flywheel energy storage unit to charge, and at the same time reduce the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, so that the reduction in the equivalent grid power caused by the charging of the flywheel energy storage unit is offset by the reduction in the electric heating load of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. Step a2: If the charging reserve is greater than the rechargeable amount of the flywheel energy storage unit, control the flywheel energy storage unit to discharge, and at the same time increase the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit so that the increase in the equivalent grid power caused by the discharge of the flywheel energy storage unit is absorbed and offset by the heat storage body of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

[0072] Specifically, "if the discharge reserve is greater than the discharge capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, control the flywheel energy storage unit to charge" means that when the system detects that the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit is too low, resulting in insufficient discharge capacity available for primary frequency regulation, the system will issue a command to force the flywheel energy storage unit to charge in order to restore its discharge capacity for primary frequency regulation and improve its state of charge. For example, the system can monitor the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit in real time and trigger a charging command when it falls below a preset discharge reserve threshold; or, based on the grid frequency disturbance prediction model, the system can predict the discharge demand for future primary frequency regulation and charge the flywheel energy storage unit in advance if its current state cannot meet the demand.

[0073] "Simultaneously reducing the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit" means that while the flywheel energy storage unit is charging, in order to maintain the stability of the power plant's output power and avoid a decrease in the equivalent grid-connected power due to flywheel charging, the system will synchronously control the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to reduce the amount of electrical energy it absorbs from the grid. Specifically, this can be achieved by adjusting the power output of the heating elements in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, for example, by reducing the heating current or voltage, or by reducing the number of heating elements in operation, thereby reducing its heating power.

[0074] "To offset the decrease in equivalent grid-connected power caused by the charging of flywheel energy storage units with the reduction in the electric heating load of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units" refers to precisely coordinating the charging power of flywheel energy storage units with the reduction in heating power of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, so that their impacts on the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system cancel each other out. The charging of flywheel energy storage units absorbs power from the grid, leading to a decrease in equivalent grid-connected power; while the reduction in heating power of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units reduces the plant's auxiliary power load, thus relatively increasing the equivalent grid-connected power. Through this coordinated control, the total active power output of the power plant's energy system is ensured to remain stable, without fluctuations caused by adjustments in the state of charge of flywheel energy storage units.

[0075] "Controlling the flywheel energy storage unit to discharge if the charging reserve is greater than the rechargeable capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit" means that when the system detects that the state of charge (SOC) of the flywheel energy storage unit is too high, resulting in insufficient charging capacity available for primary frequency regulation, the system will issue a command to force the flywheel energy storage unit to discharge in order to restore its charging capacity for primary frequency regulation, thereby reducing its SOC and freeing up charging space. For example, the system can monitor the SOC of the flywheel energy storage unit in real time, and trigger a discharge command when it exceeds a preset charging reserve threshold; or, based on a grid frequency disturbance prediction model, it can predict the future charging demand for primary frequency regulation, and discharge the flywheel energy storage unit in advance if its current state cannot meet the demand.

[0076] "Simultaneously increasing the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit" means that while the flywheel energy storage unit is discharging, in order to maintain the stability of the power plant's output power and avoid an increase in the equivalent grid-connected power due to flywheel discharge, the system will synchronously control the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to increase the electrical energy absorbed from the grid. Specifically, this can be achieved by adjusting the power output of the heating elements of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, for example, by increasing the heating current or voltage, or by increasing the number of heating elements in operation, thereby increasing its heating power.

[0077] "To offset the increase in equivalent grid-connected power caused by the discharge of the flywheel energy storage unit by the absorption of heat by the thermal storage body of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit" refers to precisely coordinating the increase in discharge power of the flywheel energy storage unit and the increase in heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, so that their impacts on the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system cancel each other out. The discharge of the flywheel energy storage unit outputs power to the grid, leading to an increase in the equivalent grid-connected power; while the increase in heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit increases the plant's auxiliary power load, thus relatively decreasing the equivalent grid-connected power. Through this coordinated control, the total active power output of the power plant's energy system is ensured to remain stable, without fluctuations caused by adjustments in the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit.

[0078] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application constructs a power complementarity mechanism between the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, effectively solving the problem of impaired primary frequency regulation response capability caused by the flywheel energy storage unit's state of charge deviating from the target range when participating in secondary frequency regulation. This collaborative control method uses the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit as an adjustable load buffer, not only solving the problem of state of charge imbalance caused by the flywheel energy storage unit's frequent participation in frequency regulation, but more importantly, ensuring the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, it ensures that the power plant's energy system can always accurately track the target power in the automatic generation control command when performing secondary frequency regulation tasks, avoiding a decrease in frequency regulation accuracy and achieving dual optimization of frequency regulation performance and system stability.

[0079] In some embodiments, this application proposes determining the equivalent grid-connected power of a power plant energy system based on operating status information, including: ;in, The equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system. This refers to the power generation capacity of the thermal power unit. This represents the energy storage capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit; discharge is positive and charging is negative. This refers to the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit.

[0080] Specifically, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system This refers to the actual active power output of a power plant's energy system to the grid. It serves as a unified quantitative benchmark for assessing the power output of the entire system and forms the basis for subsequent power differential calculations and frequency regulation demand allocation. This equivalent grid-connected power can be obtained through real-time monitoring of each unit's power and algebraic calculations, or through measurement at the power plant's total outlet metering point, followed by correction for internal losses. The generating power of a thermal power unit is... Active power generation (APG) refers to the actual electrical power generated by a thermal power unit during operation. It is the primary source of active power in a power plant's energy system, providing base load and some frequency regulation capabilities. This power generation is typically measured in real-time using power sensors or electricity meters installed at the generator outlet, or it can be estimated through load commands and actual load feedback from the unit. The energy storage capacity of a flywheel energy storage unit... This refers to the power output of the flywheel energy storage unit during charging and discharging, where discharging is a positive value and charging is a negative value. This energy storage power provides rapid power response capability to compensate for instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid or rapid fluctuations in automatic generation control commands. This energy storage power can be measured in real time using the converter output / input power sensors of the flywheel energy storage unit, or calculated based on the flywheel's rate of change of speed and inertia. The heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit... This refers to the electrical power consumed by the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit (ESS) for heating the thermal storage medium. This heating power, as a controllable load, can alter the power plant's auxiliary power load by adjusting its heating output, thereby indirectly affecting the power plant's equivalent grid-connected power and supporting the medium-speed continuous load component. This heating power can be calculated by measuring the input voltage and current of the electric heater, or monitored through controller commands and actual power feedback from the ESS.

[0081] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application constructs a mathematical model of the equivalent grid-connected power of a power plant energy system. This model weights and integrates the power generation of the thermal power unit, the energy storage power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, thereby accurately representing the actual active power output of the entire energy system. This model provides a unified quantitative benchmark for the multi-source coordinated control of the power plant energy system, overcoming the problem of difficulty in accurately quantifying power due to significant differences in the physical characteristics of each unit. This solution provides an accurate and unified assessment of the system's external output power, providing an accurate basis for subsequent determination of secondary frequency regulation requirements and coordinated control of each unit, significantly improving the accuracy and response efficiency of frequency regulation control.

[0082] In response, this application proposes a control method for secondary frequency regulation by coordinating flywheel energy storage, electrically heated solid energy storage, and thermal power units in some of the aforementioned schemes. However, in emergency situations such as frequency disturbances in the power grid, if only the established secondary frequency regulation strategy is maintained, the flywheel energy storage unit may not be able to switch to the primary frequency regulation mode in time when responding to the secondary frequency regulation command, thereby affecting the instantaneous stability of the power grid frequency.

[0083] This application further proposes that the multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method also includes: Step b1: When the fluctuation range of the power grid frequency value is greater than the preset amplitude threshold, or the rate of change of the power grid frequency is greater than the preset rate of change threshold, a frequency regulation is triggered.

[0084] Step b2 involves distributing the secondary frequency regulation component, which is currently handled by the flywheel energy storage unit, to the electrically heated solid energy storage unit or the thermal power unit. Simultaneously, based on the primary frequency regulation requirements, the flywheel energy storage unit is controlled to perform corresponding energy storage adjustments.

[0085] Specifically, triggering primary frequency regulation refers to the system determining whether to activate a rapid-response frequency regulation mechanism based on the real-time status of the power grid frequency. Its function is to ensure rapid intervention when abnormal fluctuations occur in the power grid frequency, maintaining frequency stability and preventing frequency collapse or widespread power outages. In practical applications, primary frequency regulation can be triggered in several ways. For example, a fixed frequency deviation threshold can be set; when the power grid frequency deviates from the rated frequency (e.g., 50Hz) by more than a preset ±0.2Hz, primary frequency regulation is triggered. This threshold can be set according to power grid operating procedures or empirical values. Alternatively, the rate of change of the power grid frequency (RoCoF) can be monitored; for example, when the rate of change exceeds a preset ±0.5Hz / s, primary frequency regulation is triggered. This method can identify frequency disturbances earlier, especially suitable for rapidly changing frequency events. A comprehensive judgment can also be made by combining the frequency fluctuation amplitude and the rate of change; for example, triggering when any one condition is met, or when both conditions are met simultaneously, to improve the accuracy and reliability of the triggering.

[0086] The core purpose of distributing the secondary frequency regulation component from flywheel energy storage units to electrically heated solid-state energy storage units or thermal power units is to "liberate" flywheel energy storage units from continuous secondary frequency regulation tasks in emergency situations, allowing them to focus on the more urgent primary frequency regulation task. This optimizes resource allocation and ensures instantaneous grid frequency stability. When primary frequency regulation is triggered, the system can calculate the secondary frequency regulation power component currently undertaken by the flywheel energy storage unit and transfer all or part of it to the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. The electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit handles this frequency regulation demand by adjusting its heating power, for example, reducing heating power to increase the equivalent grid-connected power, or increasing heating power to reduce the equivalent grid-connected power. Another approach is to distribute the secondary frequency regulation component from the flywheel energy storage unit to the thermal power unit. The thermal power unit responds to this frequency regulation demand by adjusting its power generation. Considering the relatively slow response speed of thermal power units, this method is typically suitable for situations where the frequency disturbance lasts for a long time and the thermal power unit has sufficient time to adjust its power. In practice, the allocation ratio and target can be dynamically determined based on factors such as the current operating status, available capacity, and response speed of the electric heating solid energy storage unit and the thermal power unit, so as to achieve the optimal load transfer effect.

[0087] Simultaneously, based on the requirements of primary frequency regulation, the flywheel energy storage unit is controlled to perform corresponding energy storage adjustments. After primary frequency regulation is triggered, the flywheel energy storage unit no longer primarily responds to secondary frequency regulation commands, but instead performs rapid charging and discharging adjustments according to the actual deviation and rate of change of the grid frequency to provide instantaneous power support and suppress frequency fluctuations. Its role is to fully leverage the rapid response advantage of the flywheel energy storage unit to provide critical frequency support for the grid.

[0088] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application further enhances the ability of the power plant energy system to cope with emergency disturbances in grid frequency, based on secondary frequency regulation. This significantly improves the emergency response capability of the power plant energy system in the face of sudden changes in grid frequency and the overall operational stability of the grid.

[0089] In one example, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the above technical solution will be explained in more detail through a more specific example: In a power plant energy system, there are thermal power units, flywheel energy storage units, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage units. This system faces challenges from rapidly changing, unpredictable, and frequently fluctuating short-cycle automatic generation control (AGC) commands. Thermal power units, limited by their thermal inertia, struggle to respond quickly and accurately to these commands. This leads to deviations in the state of charge of flywheel energy storage units if they are solely responsible for continuous frequency regulation. The frequency regulation potential of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units is not fully utilized, and there is a lack of coordination mechanisms for rapid response and long-term auxiliary functions among the units. Furthermore, flywheel energy storage units lack primary frequency regulation backup when participating in secondary frequency regulation.

[0090] To address the aforementioned issues, the power plant's energy system employs a multi-frequency regulation coordinated control method. The specific implementation process is as follows: First, the control system continuously collects operational status information from various regulating units within the power plant's energy system. This information includes the power generation capacity of the thermal power units. Energy storage capacity of flywheel energy storage unit (Discharge is positive, charging is negative) and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. Based on this operational status information, the control system determines the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system. This equivalent grid-connected power is used to characterize the active power exported by the power plant's energy system. For example, when the grid operator issues an AGC command requiring the power plant's energy system to increase its output power, the control system calculates the current... .

[0091] Subsequently, the control system is based on the equivalent grid power. Target power in automatic generation control command power difference The secondary frequency regulation requirements of the power plant's energy system are determined. A positive ΔP_AGC indicates a need to increase the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system; a negative ΔP_AGC indicates a need to decrease the equivalent grid-connected power. Simultaneously, within this secondary frequency regulation requirement, the control system also determines the state-of-charge recovery correction component for the flywheel energy storage unit. The state-of-charge recovery correction component This is used to characterize the amount of energy recovered by the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit in tandem, and is designed to prevent the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit from deviating from the target range due to long-term frequency regulation tasks.

[0092] Specifically, power difference It will be decomposed into multiple components: Among them, P_fast is the fast transient component, mainly used for power adjustment of the flywheel energy storage unit. P_mid is the medium-speed continuous component, mainly used for power adjustment of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. P_slow is the slow steady-state component, mainly used for power adjustment of the thermal power unit, which is gradually tracked into position by the thermal power unit. P_soc is the state-of-charge recovery correction component, used to guide the state-of-charge recovery of the flywheel energy storage unit.

[0093] Based on ramp functions, time constant functions, SOC weighting functions, or thermal storage state weighting functions, in the first stage of AGC disturbance, the flywheel energy storage unit assumes the main fast transient component P_fast. In the second stage of AGC disturbance, the electrically heated solid energy storage unit gradually increases or decreases its heating power, taking over the medium-speed continuous component P_mid from the flywheel energy storage unit. After the thermal power unit unit gradually tracks into position, the thermal power unit unit assumes the slow steady-state component P_slow, and the flywheel energy storage unit exits the continuous response phase. This handover mechanism solves the problem of the lack of a fast-slow handover mechanism between the flywheel's fast response and the long-term auxiliary function of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit in existing technologies, avoiding the continuous deviation of the state of charge and the unsustainable frequency regulation capability caused by the flywheel energy storage unit constantly replacing the thermal power unit unit in responding to AGC.

[0094] During this process, based on the state-of-charge recovery correction component P_soc and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, the control system adjusts the energy storage of the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation, ensuring that it retains the primary frequency regulation response capability while participating in secondary frequency regulation. Primary frequency regulation characterizes the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances in the power grid, while secondary frequency regulation characterizes the power adjustment made in response to power demand changes caused by AGC commands.

[0095] In practice, the control system determines the reserve charge demand for primary frequency regulation, which includes both charging and discharging reserves. When the flywheel energy storage unit performs charging and discharging tasks, if the charging reserve exceeds the flywheel energy storage unit's rechargeable capacity, or the discharging reserve exceeds its dischargeable capacity, energy storage adjustment is performed based on the coordination of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. Conversely, if the charging reserve exceeds the flywheel energy storage unit's rechargeable capacity (i.e., the flywheel energy storage unit needs to discharge to restore its charging capacity), the control system commands the flywheel energy storage unit to discharge while simultaneously increasing the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This ensures that the increase in equivalent grid-connected power caused by the flywheel energy storage unit's discharge is absorbed and offset by the heat storage body of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This coordinated adjustment mechanism solves the problem of insufficient primary frequency regulation reserve when the flywheel energy storage unit participates in secondary frequency regulation.

[0096] Furthermore, when the fluctuation range of the grid frequency exceeds a preset amplitude threshold, or the rate of change of the grid frequency exceeds a preset rate of change threshold, the system will trigger primary frequency regulation. At this time, the secondary frequency regulation component undertaken by the flywheel energy storage unit will be distributed to the electrically heated solid energy storage unit or the thermal power unit. Simultaneously, based on the needs of primary frequency regulation, the flywheel energy storage unit will be controlled to make corresponding energy storage adjustments to ensure that it prioritizes response to instantaneous disturbances in the grid frequency.

[0097] Through the above methods, the power plant energy system can respond to the grid frequency regulation demand efficiently and collaboratively, while effectively managing the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, ensuring its primary frequency regulation response capability, and giving full play to the auxiliary role of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, thereby improving the frequency regulation performance and reliability of the entire system.

[0098] This embodiment also provides a multiple frequency modulation coordinated control device for implementing the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0099] This embodiment provides a multi-frequency modulation coordinated control device, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes: The data acquisition module 701 is used to acquire the operating status information of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system; wherein, each regulating unit in the power plant energy system includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage unit, and an electrically heated solid energy storage unit. The first determining module 702 is used to determine the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the operating status information; The second determining module 703 is used to determine the secondary frequency regulation demand of the power plant energy system based on the power difference between the equivalent grid power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and to determine the state of charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation demand. The equivalent grid power is used to characterize the active power sent out by the power plant energy system, and the state of charge recovery correction component is used to characterize the amount of energy recovered by the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. The adjustment module 704 is used to adjust the energy storage of the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation based on the state of charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, so that the flywheel energy storage unit retains the primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation; wherein, primary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances of the power grid, and secondary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to power demand changes caused by automatic generation control commands.

[0100] In some alternative implementations, the second determining module 703 includes: The first unit is used to calculate the power difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power. When the power difference is positive, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is increased; when the power difference is negative, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is decreased. The second unit is used to decompose the power difference into components to obtain the state-of-charge recovery correction component.

[0101] The multi-frequency modulation coordinated control device provided in this application can execute the multi-frequency modulation coordinated control method provided in any embodiment of this application, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Further functional descriptions of the above modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0102] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0103] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic suitable for implementing the electronic device described in the embodiments of this application. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 801, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 802 or a program loaded from memory 808 into random access memory (RAM) 803. The RAM 803 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 801, ROM 802, and RAM 803 are interconnected via a bus 804. An input / output (I / O) interface 805 is also connected to the bus 804.

[0104] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 805: input devices 806 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 807 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; memory devices 808 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 809. Communication device 809 allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 8 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0105] Specifically, according to embodiments of this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 809, or installed from a memory 808, or installed from a ROM 802. When the computer program is executed by the processor 801, it performs the functions defined in the multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method of embodiments of this application.

[0106] Figure 8 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0107] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described in this application can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as recordable on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded over a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and subsequently stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the multiple frequency modulation cooperative control method shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0108] A portion of this application can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to this application through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0109] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for multiple frequency modulation coordinated control, characterized in that, Applied to power plant energy systems, the method includes: Collect operational status information of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system; wherein, each regulating unit in the power plant energy system includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage unit, and an electrically heated solid energy storage unit; The equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system is determined based on the aforementioned operating status information; The secondary frequency regulation requirement of the power plant energy system is determined based on the power difference between the equivalent grid power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and the state of charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation requirement is determined. The equivalent grid power is used to characterize the active power sent out by the power plant energy system, and the state of charge recovery correction component is used to characterize the amount of energy recovered by the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. Based on the state of charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, energy storage adjustment is performed on the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation, so that the flywheel energy storage unit retains the primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation; wherein, the primary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances of the power grid, and the secondary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to power demand changes caused by automatic generation control commands.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the secondary frequency regulation demand of the power plant energy system based on the power difference between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and the determination of the state-of-charge correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation demand, includes: Calculate the power difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power, wherein when the power difference is positive, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is increased; when the power difference is negative, the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system is decreased. The power difference is decomposed into components to obtain the state of charge recovery correction component.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of decomposing the power difference into components to obtain the state-of-charge recovery correction component includes: ;in, The power difference, The fast transient component is used to adjust the power of the flywheel energy storage unit; This is a medium-speed continuous component used for power adjustment of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit; This is a slow, steady-state component used for power adjustment of the thermal power unit. The correction component is restored for the state of charge.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the energy storage of the flywheel energy storage unit participating in the secondary frequency modulation based on the state of charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit includes: Determine the reserve charge requirement for the primary frequency regulation, wherein the reserve charge requirement includes charging reserve and discharging reserve; When the flywheel energy storage unit performs a charging and discharging task, if the charging reserve is greater than the charging capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit or the discharging reserve is greater than the discharging capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, then energy storage adjustment is performed based on the coordination of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy storage adjustment based on the coordinated operation of the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit includes: If the discharge reserve is greater than the discharge capacity of the flywheel energy storage unit, the flywheel energy storage unit is charged, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit is reduced, so that the reduction in the equivalent grid power caused by the charging of the flywheel energy storage unit is offset by the reduction in the electric heating load of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. If the charging reserve is greater than the rechargeable amount of the flywheel energy storage unit, the flywheel energy storage unit is controlled to discharge, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit is increased, so that the increase in the equivalent grid power caused by the discharge of the flywheel energy storage unit is absorbed and offset by the heat storage body of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the operating status information includes: ;in, The equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system. The power generation capacity of the thermal power unit is [missing information]. The energy storage power of the flywheel energy storage unit is represented by positive for discharging and negative for charging. The heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit is denoted as .

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the fluctuation range of the power grid frequency value is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, or the rate of change of the power grid frequency is greater than a preset rate of change threshold, a frequency regulation is triggered. The secondary frequency regulation component undertaken by the flywheel energy storage unit is distributed to the electrically heated solid energy storage unit or the thermal power unit. At the same time, based on the first frequency regulation requirement, the flywheel energy storage unit is controlled to make corresponding energy storage adjustments.

8. A multi-frequency modulation coordinated control device, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to collect the operating status information of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system; wherein, each regulating unit in the power plant energy system includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage unit, and an electrically heated solid energy storage unit; The first determining module is used to determine the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system based on the operating status information; The second determining module is used to determine the secondary frequency regulation requirement of the power plant energy system based on the power difference between the equivalent grid power and the target power in the automatic generation control command, and to determine the state of charge recovery correction component of the flywheel energy storage unit in the secondary frequency regulation requirement. The equivalent grid power is used to characterize the active power sent out by the power plant energy system, and the state of charge recovery correction component is used to characterize the amount of energy recovered by the flywheel energy storage unit and the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. The adjustment module is used to adjust the energy storage of the flywheel energy storage unit participating in secondary frequency regulation based on the state of charge recovery correction component and the state of charge of the flywheel energy storage unit, so that the flywheel energy storage unit retains the primary frequency regulation response capability when participating in secondary frequency regulation; wherein, the primary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to instantaneous frequency disturbances of the power grid, and the secondary frequency regulation is used to characterize the power adjustment made in response to power demand changes caused by automatic generation control commands.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor are communicatively connected, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the multiple frequency modulation cooperative control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the multiple frequency modulation coordinated control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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