A short-term substation monitoring method and system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power equipment monitoring, and particularly provides a short-time transformer substation monitoring method and system, which comprises the following steps: establishing a LoRa network; the LoRa network comprises a master node, at least one sensor node and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used for being connected to the master node directly or via the at least one relay node; the sensor node is a sensor device arranged at a device to be measured in a transformer substation; the relay node is a second communication device; a first broadcast frame is periodically broadcasted through the LoRa network, so that the sensor device collects device state data when the first broadcast frame is received; device state data reported by the sensor device on a WiFi network is received, and transformer substation monitoring is carried out based on the device state data. It can be seen that the application can construct a transformer substation monitoring system supporting a "short-time online monitoring" mode, supports rapid deployment and removal, and meets the monitoring requirements of temporality, periodicity or emergency of the transformer substation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power equipment monitoring technology, and in particular to a short-term substation monitoring method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Monitoring the operational status of critical equipment such as gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and switchgear in substations is crucial for ensuring power grid safety. To monitor the operational status of substation equipment, fixed online monitoring systems or periodic manual inspections are generally employed.

[0003] In fixed online monitoring solutions, fixed sensors and communication networks need to be deployed during the equipment installation phase. The monitoring objective is then achieved through the coordination of these sensors and the communication network. Manual periodic inspection solutions primarily rely on manual sampling and testing of the equipment using handheld instruments.

[0004] However, fixed online monitoring solutions have long construction cycles and high costs, and once installed, they are difficult to relocate and cannot be reused between different substations. Manual monitoring solutions suffer from problems such as inaccurate monitoring and poor timeliness. It is clear that the existing equipment operation status monitoring methods cannot meet the actual monitoring needs of substations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a short-term substation monitoring method and system to address the problem that existing equipment operation status monitoring methods cannot meet the actual monitoring needs of substations.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a short-term substation monitoring method, applied to a first communication device. The method includes: responding to a control command, establishing a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node; wherein the LoRa network includes a master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect directly or via at least one relay node to the master node; the sensor node is a sensor device located at the device under test within the substation; the relay node is a second communication device; establishing a wireless fidelity WiFi network based on the LoRa network; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network by connecting to the first or second communication device in the LoRa network; periodically broadcasting a first broadcast frame through the LoRa network at a first preset frequency, so that the sensor device collects device status data according to a preset collection period when receiving the first broadcast frame; and receiving the device status data reported by the sensor device through the WiFi network to perform substation monitoring based on the device status data.

[0007] In one possible implementation, in response to a control command, a long-range wireless communication LoRa network is established with itself as the master node, including: broadcasting a first LoRa network beacon at a preset first frequency point, so that a first network access device sends a first network access request based on the first LoRa network beacon; wherein the first network access device is a sensor device or a second communication device; receiving the first network access request sent by the first network access device through the first frequency point, and / or receiving the first network access request forwarded by the first network access device through at least one relay node; the first network access request carries the device identifier (EID) of the first network access device; Upon receiving the first network access request, the system verifies whether the EID of the first network access device is in the EID table of the devices to be networked carried in the control command. If the verification passes, and the first network access device is a second communication device, a second frequency point is allocated to the first network access device, and a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent to the first network access device, enabling it to broadcast as a relay node on the second frequency point. Different second communication devices correspond to different second frequency points. And / or, if the verification passes, and the first network access device is a sensor device, a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent to the first network access device, enabling it to join the LoRa network as a sensor node.

[0008] In one possible implementation, prior to the step of establishing a long-range wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node in response to control commands, the method further includes: periodically broadcasting a first WiFi network beacon to establish a WiFi connection with a terminal device; wherein the first WiFi network beacon is the EID of a first communication device; the terminal device is used to communicate with a cloud server to receive an electronic work order dispatched by the cloud server, the electronic work order being used at least to indicate the device under test; and the terminal device is used to generate control commands based on the electronic work order and send them to the first communication device; receiving control commands sent by the terminal device through the WiFi network; wherein the control commands include the EID of the device to be networked; and establishing a wireless fidelity WiFi network based on the LoRa network includes: receiving a second network access request from a second network access device; the... The second network-entry device is a sensor device or a second communication device that has joined the LoRa network as a sensor node or relay node and is directly connected to the master node. Based on the second network-entry request, the second network-entry device is authenticated by the WiFi network. If the authentication is successful, and the second network-entry device is a second communication device, the second network-entry device is configured as a Mesh node so that the second network-entry device joins the WiFi network in a cascading manner. And / or, if the authentication is successful, and the second network-entry device is a sensor device, the second network-entry device is configured as a WiFi terminal node so that it joins the WiFi network. And / or, the method further includes: sending network status information and device status data to the terminal device. The terminal device is also used to perform edge computing on the device status data and upload the edge computing results and device status data to the cloud server.

[0009] In one possible implementation, before the step of receiving device status data reported by sensor devices via a Wi-Fi network, the method further includes: periodically broadcasting a second broadcast frame via a LoRa network at a second preset frequency; wherein the second broadcast frame carries at least idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the master node, so that the master node can receive device status data during the uplink time period; receiving a time slot request sent by a first target node during an idle time slot; the first target node includes sensor nodes and / or relay nodes directly connected to the master node; allocating a first transmission time slot for the first target node during the uplink time period based on the time slot request; and / or, the step of receiving device status data reported by sensor devices via a Wi-Fi network includes: receiving device status data reported by the first target node via the Wi-Fi network within the first transmission time slot; wherein, if the first target node is a relay node, the first target node is used to aggregate device status data of its directly connected sensor nodes and report it to the master node, and / or to aggregate device status data aggregated by its subordinate relay nodes and report it to the master node.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a short-term substation monitoring method, applied to a second communication device. The method includes: joining a LoRa network with a first communication device as the master node, and establishing a LoRa connection as a relay node with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices; the LoRa network is established based on the methods described in the first aspect and its various implementations; receiving a first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or an upper-level relay node through the LoRa network, and forwarding the first broadcast frame to lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes; receiving device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes through a WiFi network, and forwarding the device status data to the first communication device level by level through the WiFi network; the WiFi network is established based on the methods described in the first aspect and its various implementations; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network by connecting to the first or second communication device in the LoRa network.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the step of joining a LoRa network with a first communication device as the master node and establishing LoRa connections with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices as a relay node includes: listening for LoRa network beacons at various preset frequency points, wherein the LoRa network beacons are broadcast by the master node and / or other relay nodes; sequentially sending third network access requests at the frequency points corresponding to each LoRa network beacon according to the order of signal strength of the detected LoRa network beacons from strongest to weakest, until a LoRa network access confirmation frame is received from the master node; wherein the LoRa network access confirmation frame carries a second frequency point allocated by the master node; and periodically broadcasting a second LoRa network beacon at the second frequency point to enable other second communication devices and / or sensor devices to establish LoRa connections. After the steps of two communication devices or sensor devices accessing the LoRa network based on a second LoRa network beacon; and / or joining the LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node and establishing LoRa connections with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices as a relay node, the method further includes: scanning a second WiFi network beacon, the second WiFi network beacon being broadcast by the second communication device to a directly connected upper-level relay node or a directly connected master node in the LoRa network; sending a fourth network entry request to the directly connected upper-level relay node or directly connected master node to which the scanned second WiFi network beacon belongs, so as to join the WiFi network through cascading; and periodically broadcasting the WiFi network beacon using its own EID as the network identifier.

[0012] In one possible implementation, before the step of receiving device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via a WiFi network, the method further includes: receiving a third broadcast frame broadcast by a second target node via a LoRa network; wherein the third broadcast frame carries at least idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the second target node; the second target node is a directly connected master node or an upper-level relay node; during the idle time slot, sending a time slot request to the second target node to determine a second transmission time slot allocated by the second target node; and / or, before the step of receiving device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via a WiFi network, the method further includes: periodically broadcasting a fourth broadcast frame via a LoRa network at a third preset frequency; wherein the fourth broadcast frame... The steps of broadcasting a frame and receiving a time slot request sent by a third target node in an idle time slot, where the third target node includes a lower-level relay node and / or sensor node directly connected to it; allocating a third transmission time slot for the third target node in the uplink time slot based on the time slot request; and / or receiving device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via a WiFi network and forwarding the device status data to the first communication device level by level via a WiFi network include: receiving device status data reported by the third target node via a WiFi network in the third transmission time slot; caching the received device status data and reporting it to the upper-level relay node or master node via a WiFi network in the second transmission time slot.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a short-term substation monitoring method, applied to sensor devices. The method includes: joining a LoRa network with a first communication device as the master node; in the LoRa network, the sensor device is a sensor node connected to a relay node or the master node; the LoRa network is established based on the methods in the aforementioned first aspect and its various implementations; the LoRa network includes a master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect directly or via at least one relay node to the master node; the sensor node is a sensor device located at the device under test within the substation; the relay node is a second communication device; and receiving broadcasts from the master node or an upstream relay node through the LoRa network. The first broadcast frame; in response to the first broadcast frame, device status data is collected according to a preset collection period; the device status data is reported to the first communication device via a WiFi network; wherein, when the sensor device is a sensor node connected to the master node through a relay node, the sensor device reports the device status data to the upper-level relay node via a WiFi network, and the upper-level relay node forwards it to the first communication device level by level via the WiFi network; the WiFi network is established based on the methods in the aforementioned first aspect and its various implementations; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network by connecting to the first communication device or the second communication device in the LoRa network.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the step of reporting device status data to the first communication device via a WiFi network includes: scanning a third WiFi network beacon broadcast by a fourth target node; wherein the fourth target node is a directly connected upstream relay node or a directly connected master node of the sensor device in the LoRa network; sending a fifth network entry request to the directly connected upstream relay node or directly connected master node to which the scanned third WiFi network beacon belongs, in order to join the WiFi network; receiving a fifth broadcast frame broadcast by the fourth target node via the LoRa network; the fifth broadcast frame carries idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the fourth target node; within the idle time slot, sending a time slot request to the fourth target node to determine a fourth transmission time slot allocated by the fourth target node; and within the fourth transmission time slot, reporting device status data to the fourth target node via the WiFi network.

[0015] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a short-term substation monitoring system, the system including a first communication device and a sensor device, and / or, the system including a first communication device, at least one second communication device, and a sensor device: the first communication device is configured to: in response to a control command, establish a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node; wherein, the LoRa network includes a master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect directly or via at least one relay node to the master node; the sensor node is a sensor device arranged at the device under test within the substation; the relay node is the second communication device; establish a wireless fidelity WiFi network based on the LoRa network; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network by connecting to the first or second communication device in the LoRa network; periodically broadcasts a first broadcast frame through the LoRa network at a first preset frequency, so that the sensor device collects device status data according to a preset collection period when receiving the first broadcast frame; receives device status data reported by the sensor device through the WiFi network, and performs substation monitoring based on the device status data. The second communication device is configured to: join the LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node, and establish LoRa connections with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices as a relay node; receive a first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or an upstream relay node through the LoRa network, and forward the first broadcast frame to downstream relay nodes and / or sensor nodes; receive device status data reported by downstream relay nodes and / or sensor nodes through the WiFi network, and forward the device status data to the first communication device level by level through the WiFi network; the sensor device is configured to: join the LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node... LoRa network; In a LoRa network, a sensor device is a sensor node connected to a relay node or a master node; It receives a first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or an upper-level relay node through the LoRa network; In response to the first broadcast frame, it collects device status data according to a preset collection period; It reports the device status data to a first communication device through a WiFi network; Wherein, when the sensor device is a sensor node connected to the master node through a relay node, the sensor device reports the device status data to the upper-level relay node through the WiFi network, and the upper-level relay node forwards it to the first communication device level by level through the WiFi network.

[0016] As can be seen from the above, this application provides a short-term substation monitoring method and system. The method is applied to a first communication device and includes: responding to a control command, establishing a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node; wherein, the LoRa network includes a master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect directly or via at least one relay node to the master node; the sensor node is a sensor device arranged at the device under test in the substation; the relay node is a second communication device; establishing a wireless fidelity WiFi network based on the LoRa network; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network by connecting to the first or second communication device in the LoRa network; periodically broadcasting a first broadcast frame through the LoRa network at a first preset frequency, so that the sensor device collects device status data according to a preset collection period when receiving the first broadcast frame; receiving the device status data reported by the sensor device through the WiFi network, and performing substation monitoring based on the device status data. As can be seen, based on the method provided in the embodiments of this application, a short-term substation monitoring system supporting the "short-term online monitoring" mode can be constructed. This system can be quickly deployed and dismantled without infrastructure construction and supports cyclic reuse among multiple substations. Through a dual-mode wireless self-organizing network, sensors are plug-and-play, the monitoring cycle can be adjusted as needed, and after monitoring is completed, they can be migrated to the next site for reuse, thereby reducing the monitoring cost per station and meeting the temporary, periodic, or emergency monitoring needs of substations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first architecture of a short-time substation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second architecture for a short-time substation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the terminal device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the first short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the process of establishing a LoRa network provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the LoRa self-organizing network provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the WiFi network access process of the sensor device and the second communication device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the second short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating the third short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 10 This is an interactive schematic diagram of a short-time substation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Wherein, 10: First communication device; 11: First motherboard; 12: First LoRa uplink module; 13: First LoRa downlink module; 14: First WiFi module; 141: First WiFi station unit; 142: First WiFi access point unit; 15: First Ethernet interface; 20: Sensor device; 201: First sensor device; 202: Second sensor device; 203: Third sensor device; 204: Fourth sensor device; 21: Signal acquisition motherboard; 22: LoRa module; 23: Second WiFi module; 30: Second communication device; 1-A: First Sub-device; 1-B: Second sub-device; 2-A: Third sub-device; 2-B: Fourth sub-device; 3-A: Fifth sub-device; 3-B: Sixth sub-device; 31: Second motherboard; 32: Second LoRa uplink module; 33: Second LoRa downlink module; 34: Third WiFi module; 341: Third WiFi station unit; 342: Second WiFi access point unit; 35: Second Ethernet interface; 40: Terminal device; 41: Third motherboard; 42: Fourth WiFi module; 43: Human-computer interaction module; 44: Camera module; 45: Mobile communication module; 50: Cloud server. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] First, the terminology used in the embodiments of this application will be introduced by way of example.

[0021] ① Substation: refers to power facilities used for voltage transformation, power distribution, fault protection and grid dispatch. It is equipped with high-voltage electrical equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, switchgear, disconnecting switches, instrument transformers, and surge arresters. It is the core node for the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0022] ②Partial discharge: This refers to the localized, non-penetrating, weak discharge phenomenon that occurs when the insulation structure of high-voltage electrical equipment, under the influence of operating voltage, is affected by bubbles, cracks, impurities, or aging defects, leading to a concentrated electric field. This phenomenon is a typical early characteristic of equipment insulation degradation and can be detected online using sensors such as ultra-high frequency, transient ground voltage, and ultrasonic sensors. It is an important basis for judging the health status of equipment.

[0023] ③ Long Range Wireless Communication (LoRa): A low-power, long-range wireless communication technology that operates in unlicensed frequency bands and uses spread spectrum modulation technology. It is suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) communication in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0024] ④ Wireless Fidelity (WiFi): A wireless local area network technology based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, used for high-speed data transmission.

[0025] ⑤ Mesh Network: A multi-hop, self-organizing network topology where each node can act as a relay node to forward data, extending the network coverage.

[0026] ⑥ Equipment Identification (EID): Encoded information used to uniquely identify each device in the network.

[0027] To address the problems of long construction cycles, high costs, and difficulty in reusing existing substation equipment monitoring solutions, this application provides a short-term substation monitoring method and system.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first architecture of a short-time substation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second architecture for a short-time substation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the short-term substation monitoring system provided in this application embodiment may include a first communication device 10, a sensor device 20, a second communication device 30, and a terminal device 40.

[0031] The first communication device 10, which can be referred to as the main communication box, is the core aggregation node of the system and is deployed within the substation monitoring area. The first communication device 10 includes a first motherboard 11, a first LoRa uplink module 12, a first LoRa downlink module 13, and a first WiFi module 14. The first motherboard 11 is electrically connected to the first LoRa uplink module 12, the first LoRa downlink module 13, and the first WiFi module 14, and is used to coordinate the operation of each module, execute network management logic, and perform data aggregation processing. The first communication device 10 can be powered by a 220V AC power supply or has a built-in backup battery to cope with temporary power outages.

[0032] The first LoRa downlink module 13 operates in the 470MHz to 510MHz frequency band and is used to build a LoRa network with the first communication device 10 as the master node. Specifically, the first LoRa downlink module 13 can periodically broadcast network beacons at a preset first frequency point, allowing the sensor device 20 or the second communication device 30 to listen and apply for network access. The first WiFi module 14 includes WiFi station (STA) units and WiFi access point (AP) units, specifically including a first WiFi station unit 141 and a first WiFi access point unit 142, used to build a mesh network with the first communication device 10 as the root node. The first WiFi module 14 supports the 2.4GHz and / or 5GHz frequency bands, where the 2.4GHz band is used for long-distance coverage and the 5GHz band is used for high-speed data transmission.

[0033] Sensor device 20 is a front-end sensing device, deployed at the device under test within the substation, such as the casing of gas-insulated switchgear or the cabinet of a switchgear. Sensor device 20 includes a signal acquisition motherboard 21, a LoRa module 22, and a second WiFi module 23. The signal acquisition motherboard 21 is electrically connected to the LoRa module 22 and the second WiFi module 23. The signal acquisition motherboard 21 integrates a partial discharge detection sensor and / or a temperature and humidity sensor, used to collect device status data of the device under test, including partial discharge waveform data, temperature and humidity data, etc. The LoRa module 22 is used to receive LoRa network beacons and join the LoRa network based on the beacons. The second WiFi module 23 is a second WiFi site unit used to scan and join WiFi networks to report device status data via the WiFi network.

[0034] The second communication device 30, also known as an auxiliary communication box, is a regional extension device located around the sensor device 20 to extend the coverage of the LoRa and WiFi networks. The second communication device 30 includes a second motherboard 31, a second LoRa uplink module 32, a second LoRa downlink module 33, and a third WiFi module 34. The second motherboard 31 is electrically connected to the second LoRa uplink module 32, the second LoRa downlink module 33, and the third WiFi module 34. The second LoRa uplink module 32 receives LoRa network beacons broadcast by the master node or other relay nodes and requests to join the LoRa network. The second LoRa downlink module 33 operates on a second frequency allocated by the master node and broadcasts LoRa network beacons for the downstream sensor device 20 or the downstream second communication device 30 to listen for; this second frequency is different from the first frequency. The third WiFi module 34 includes a third WiFi site unit 341 and a second WiFi access point unit 342. The third WiFi site unit 341 is used to scan and join the WiFi network of the upper-level node, and the second WiFi access point unit 342 is used to broadcast WiFi network beacons with its own EID as the network identifier for lower-level devices to access.

[0035] It should also be noted that the first WiFi station unit 141 and the first WiFi access point unit 142 can be based on the same hardware structure (i.e., the same WiFi module / chip, which simultaneously functions as both a station and an access point). Similarly, the third WiFi station unit 341 and the second WiFi access point unit 342 can also be based on the same hardware structure (i.e., the same WiFi module / chip, which simultaneously functions as both a station and an access point).

[0036] In some implementations, the first communication device 10 may further include a first Ethernet interface 15, and the second communication device 30 may further include a second Ethernet interface 35, to provide a reliable wired network connection and meet the communication quality requirements of industrial environments.

[0037] In some implementations, the hardware structure of the first communication device 10 and the second communication device 30 can be the same, but the software configuration can be different, in order to distinguish the network roles of the master node and the relay node.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, terminal device 40 is a field interactive device, carried to the monitoring site by maintenance personnel. Terminal device 40 includes a third motherboard 41, a fourth WiFi module 42, a human-machine interaction module 43, a camera module 44, and a mobile communication module 45. The third motherboard 41 is electrically connected to the fourth WiFi module 42, the human-machine interaction module 43, the camera module 44, and the mobile communication module 45. The fourth WiFi module 42 can be a WiFi site unit, used to establish a WiFi connection with the first WiFi access point unit 142. The human-machine interaction module 43 includes a touch screen, used to display monitoring data and receive user operation commands. The camera module 44 is used to collect image information of the installation location of sensor device 20 and establish an association mapping between sensor device 20 and the device under test. The mobile communication module 45 supports 4G, 5G, or Wireless LAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure (WAPI) technologies and is used to communicate with cloud server 50.

[0040] The cloud server 50 is a remote analysis platform deployed in the data center. The cloud server 50 is indirectly connected to the first communication device 10 through the mobile communication module 45 of the terminal device 40, and is used to receive device status data and perform in-depth analysis, trend prediction and fault warning.

[0041] It is understandable that the arrangement of devices such as the first communication device 10, sensor device 20, and second communication device 30 at the substation site depends on various factors, including the actual spatial layout of the substation, the distribution location of the devices under test, and the coverage conditions of wireless signals. For example, the first communication device 10 is typically placed in the substation's control room or signal aggregation point for easy power supply and connection to external networks; the second communication device 30 is deployed in key areas (such as GIS rooms and switchgear corridors) to relay and extend the coverage of LoRa and WiFi networks, depending on signal blind spots or distance extension requirements; the sensor device 20 is directly attached or clamped to the surface of the devices under test (such as GIS housings, switchgear panels, and transformer heat sinks) to ensure effective collection of partial discharge signals and temperature and humidity data. Through on-site surveys and signal strength tests, maintenance personnel can flexibly adjust the installation location and quantity of each device to achieve optimal monitoring results and network reliability. This application embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0042] The short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the first short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, the short-time substation monitoring method is applied to the first communication device 10, and specifically includes the following steps S100-S400.

[0045] S100: In response to control commands, it establishes a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node.

[0046] The LoRa network includes a master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect to the master node directly or via at least one relay node; the sensor node is a sensor device 20 located at the device under test in the substation; the relay node is a second communication device 30.

[0047] After the first communication device 10 is powered on, it can periodically broadcast a first LoRa network beacon on a preset first frequency (e.g., 470.3MHz) through its first LoRa downlink module 13. This beacon may contain a LoRa network identifier and the first communication device 10's own EID. Then, the first communication device 10 can listen for network entry requests on the LoRa channel. Any device wishing to join the LoRa network (sensor device 20 or the second communication device 30), upon receiving the first LoRa network beacon on the first frequency, can send a network entry request on that first frequency. The network entry request carries the EID of the requesting device (the device wishing to join the LoRa network). Afterwards, the first communication device 10 can verify the network entry request.

[0048] After verification, the first communication device 10 can allocate resources according to the device type: if the requesting device is the second communication device 30, a second frequency point different from the first frequency point is allocated to the second communication device 30, and a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent, so that it can broadcast its own LoRa network beacon as a relay node on the second frequency point; if the requesting device is the sensor device 20, a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent directly, so that it can join the LoRa network as a sensor node.

[0049] It is understandable that after the sensor device 20 is powered on, it can automatically trigger the step of joining the LoRa network to connect to the master node (first communication device 10) or to any relay node already in the network (second communication device 30). The specific connection target depends on the signal strength of the received LoRa network beacon.

[0050] See also Figure 2The short-term substation monitoring system may include a first communication device 10, multiple second communication devices 30, and multiple sensor devices 20. For example, the multiple second communication devices 30 may include at least a first sub-device 1-A, a second sub-device 1-B, a third sub-device 2-A, a fourth sub-device 2-B, a fifth sub-device 3-A, and a sixth sub-device 3-B. The multiple sensor devices 20 may include at least a first sensor device 201, a second sensor device 202, a third sensor device 203, and a fourth sensor device 204, etc. It is understood that... Figure 2 The number of second communication devices 30 shown is 6, and the number of sensor devices 20 is 7. The above numbers are only illustrative examples and are not specifically limited in this application embodiment.

[0051] Furthermore, in the LoRa network, the first sensor device 201 is a sensor node directly connected to the master node, without going through any relay nodes. The second sensor device 202 is a sensor node directly connected to the first-level relay node (i.e., a relay node directly connected to the master node), and the role of the first-level relay node is played by the first sub-device 1-A, which is directly connected to the first communication device 10. Similarly, the second sub-device 1-B also plays the role of the first-level relay node in the LoRa network.

[0052] Furthermore, in the LoRa network, the third sensor device 203 is a sensor node directly connected to the second-level relay node (i.e., a relay node directly connected to the first-level relay node). The role of the second-level relay node is assumed by the third sub-device 2-A, which is directly connected to the first sub-device 1-A. Similarly, the fourth sub-device 2-B in the LoRa network also assumes the role of the second-level relay node.

[0053] Furthermore, in the LoRa network, the fourth sensor device 204 is a sensor node directly connected to the third-level relay node (i.e., a relay node directly connected to the second-level relay node). The role of the third-level relay node is assumed by the fifth sub-device 3-A, which is directly connected to the third sub-device 2-A. Similarly, the sixth sub-device 3-B also assumes the role of the third-level relay node in the LoRa network.

[0054] Understandably, the number and hierarchy of relay nodes are determined by the actual situation of the substation. Relay nodes can also be used to connect other relay nodes without connecting sensor nodes, in order to expand network coverage or fill signal blind spots.

[0055] S200: Establishes a high-fidelity WiFi network based on LoRa network.

[0056] The WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device 10 as the root node; the sensor device 20 joins the WiFi network by connecting to the first communication device 10 or the second communication device 30 in the LoRa network.

[0057] Specifically, the short-term substation monitoring system provided in this application supports dual-mode communication, namely, the collaborative operation of LoRa and WiFi networks. The LoRa network operates in the 470MHz to 510MHz frequency band, featuring long-distance transmission, strong penetration capability, and low power consumption, and is responsible for functions such as device network access management, time synchronization, control signaling issuance, and transmission time slot scheduling. The WiFi network operates in the 2.4GHz and / or 5GHz frequency bands, featuring high bandwidth and high speed, and is responsible for high-speed transmission of device status data (such as partial discharge waveform data, temperature and humidity data, etc.).

[0058] It is worth noting that after the sensor device 20 completes network access and time synchronization in the LoRa network, it joins the WiFi network through the directly connected second communication device 30 or the first communication device 10.

[0059] It should be further noted that the WiFi network in this embodiment adopts a mesh network topology. A mesh network refers to a wireless network structure in which multiple nodes are interconnected in a mesh manner, supporting multi-hop forwarding and self-healing capabilities. In this mesh network, the first communication device 10 acts as the root node, broadcasting the mesh network identifier using its EID as the Service Set Identifier (SSID) for other devices to join the network. The Service Set Identifier can also be called the network identifier. The second communication device 30 joins the mesh network in a cascaded manner with the first communication device 10, and with each other. Each second communication device 30 acts as an intermediate node in the mesh network, capable of receiving connection requests from lower-level devices and forwarding data to higher-level nodes, thereby achieving multi-hop coverage expansion of the WiFi network.

[0060] After successfully joining the LoRa network and identifying its parent node (either the first communication device 10 or the second communication device 30), sensor device 20 can activate its second WiFi module 23 to scan for and access the Mesh network based on the WiFi network beacon broadcast by the parent node (the beacon carries the parent node's EID as a network identifier). In the Mesh network, sensor device 20 acts as a terminal node (leaf node), responsible only for reporting its own collected device status data and not participating in data forwarding. Through this Mesh network structure, this embodiment of the application achieves flexible expansion of WiFi coverage and self-healing capabilities of the link, further enhancing communication reliability in complex substation environments.

[0061] S300: According to the first preset frequency, the first broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network so that the sensor device 20 receives the first broadcast frame and collects device status data according to the preset collection period.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first communication device 10 can broadcast a first broadcast frame in the LoRa network through its first LoRa downlink module 13 at a first preset frequency (e.g., per hour / time). The first broadcast frame may include the following information: a network-wide timestamp and a collection trigger command.

[0063] Furthermore, the LoRa module 22 of each second communication device 30 and sensor device 20 can continuously monitor the downlink frequency of its parent node (which may be the master node or a relay node). When the second communication device 30 receives the first broadcast frame, it forwards the first broadcast frame to the next-level relay node and / or sensor node through its own second LoRa downlink module 33 to ensure that all levels of nodes in the entire LoRa network can receive the synchronization broadcast information. When the sensor device 20 receives the first broadcast frame, it can calibrate its local clock according to the timestamp in the frame to achieve microsecond-level synchronization with the master node. In addition, the sensor device 20 can parse the acquisition trigger command in the first broadcast frame or start its signal acquisition motherboard 21 according to the preset acquisition period (e.g., once every 100 milliseconds).

[0064] Understandably, the signal acquisition motherboard 21 can collect equipment status data of the devices under test within the substation. This equipment status data may include ultra-high frequency or ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge, temperature and humidity data, etc. The collected data can be temporarily stored in the internal cache of the sensor device 20, awaiting subsequent reporting.

[0065] It should be further noted that the first broadcast frame is a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) frame. The first communication device 10 broadcasts the DRX frame via the LoRa network, enabling unified scheduling of the "sleep-wake" rhythm of all sensor nodes in the network. This DRX frame provides a unified time base for all sensor devices 20, allowing them to wake from sleep mode and enter the data acquisition preparation state upon receiving it. When synchronized data acquisition across the entire network is required, the first communication device 10 can send the DRX frame via the LoRa network. Upon receiving the DRX frame, each sensor device 20 can begin data acquisition almost simultaneously, achieving microsecond-level time synchronization across the entire network. During non-acquisition periods, all sensor devices 20 can uniformly enter sleep mode, reducing power consumption. This globally unified DRX scheduling method achieves power optimization and global coordination, ensuring a synchronized acquisition accuracy of 20 microseconds for multiple sensor devices 20, providing crucial technical support for subsequent joint analysis of multi-sensor signals.

[0066] It is understood that the broadcast frequency (i.e., the first preset frequency) of the first broadcast frame can be flexibly configured based on actual needs, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit it.

[0067] In some implementations, the preset acquisition period can be remotely set by the terminal device 40 or the cloud server 50 and transmitted to each sensor device 20 via the LoRa network. The sensor device 20 can acquire data according to the set period or acquire data continuously in real time. The acquisition time can be changed at any time by instructions issued from the backend. For example, during normal equipment operation, the preset acquisition period can be set to acquire data once every 10 minutes; during peak equipment load periods or abnormal warning periods, the preset acquisition period can be dynamically adjusted to acquire data in real time every second to capture transient discharge signals.

[0068] S400: Receives device status data reported by sensor device 20 via WiFi network, and performs substation monitoring based on the device status data.

[0069] The first WiFi module 14 of the first communication device 10 acts as the root node of the Mesh network, receiving device status data reported by each sensor device 20 and the second communication device 30. The terminal device 40 establishes a WiFi connection with the first WiFi module 14 of the first communication device 10 via the fourth WiFi module 42, receives the device status data, performs edge analysis processing, and uploads the analysis results and / or raw data to the cloud server 50 via the mobile communication module 45. The cloud server 50 performs in-depth analysis, trend prediction, and fault warning, generates monitoring reports, and provides data services to multiple clients.

[0070] As can be seen from the above, this application provides a short-term substation monitoring method. This method is applied to a first communication device 10 and includes: responding to a control command, establishing a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node; wherein the LoRa network includes a master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect directly or via at least one relay node to the master node; the sensor node is a sensor device 20 located at the device under test within the substation; the relay node is a second communication device 30; establishing a wireless fidelity WiFi network based on the LoRa network; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device 10 as the root node; the sensor device 20 joins the WiFi network by connecting to the second communication device 30 or the first communication device 10 in the LoRa network; periodically broadcasting a first broadcast frame through the LoRa network at a first preset frequency, so that the sensor device 20 collects device status data according to a preset collection period when receiving the first broadcast frame; receiving the device status data reported by the sensor device 20 through the WiFi network, and performing substation monitoring based on the device status data. As can be seen, based on the method provided in the embodiments of this application, a short-term substation monitoring system supporting the "short-term online monitoring" mode can be constructed. This system can be quickly deployed and dismantled without infrastructure construction and supports cyclic reuse among multiple substations. Through a dual-mode wireless self-organizing network, sensors are plug-and-play, the monitoring cycle can be adjusted as needed, and after monitoring is completed, they can be migrated to the next site for reuse, thereby reducing the monitoring cost per station and meeting the temporary, periodic, or emergency monitoring needs of substations.

[0071] The following section provides a further description of the workflow of the first communication device 10 after it is powered on.

[0072] The short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment may further include the following steps S501-S502.

[0073] S501: Periodically broadcasts a first WiFi network beacon to establish a WiFi connection with terminal device 40.

[0074] The first WiFi network beacon is the EID of the first communication device 10.

[0075] After the first communication device 10 is powered on, it can activate its first WiFi module 14 and set its operating mode to access point mode. The first communication device 10 periodically broadcasts a first WiFi network beacon using its own EID as the SSID. After a terminal device 40 (such as a portable mobile communication terminal, like a tablet or smartphone) scans the first WiFi network beacon, it can establish a secure WiFi connection with the first communication device 10 by entering a pre-configured password or by using WAPI certificate authentication.

[0076] In addition, in this embodiment of the application, the terminal device 40 is used to communicate with the cloud server 50 to receive electronic work orders dispatched by the cloud server 50, the electronic work orders being used at least to instruct the device under test; and the terminal device 40 is used to generate control instructions based on the electronic work orders and send them to the first communication device 10.

[0077] S502: Receives control commands sent by terminal device 40 via WiFi network.

[0078] After the WiFi connection between the terminal device 40 and the first communication device 10 is established, on-site maintenance personnel or the cloud server 50 can send control commands to the first communication device 10 through the application running on the terminal device 40. The control commands include at least the EIDs of the devices to be networked, including the second communication device 30 and / or sensor devices 20. That is, the control commands include at least a list of EIDs of all sensor devices 20 and second communication devices 30 allowed to join the network in this monitoring task (i.e., a list including preset EIDs). The first communication device 10 can receive the control commands through the first WiFi module 14 and store the received EID list in its local memory to form an EID table (i.e., a network whitelist).

[0079] It is understandable that only devices whose EID exists in this whitelist will be allowed to join the network by the first communication device 10 when initiating a network access request in the LoRa network. Devices not in the whitelist, even if physically within network coverage, will fail verification and be denied network access. In this way, this embodiment of the application effectively prevents the access of illegal or unauthorized devices while achieving plug-and-play automatic networking, ensuring the security of monitoring data and the reasonable allocation of network resources.

[0080] The short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment may further include the following step S503.

[0081] S503: Send network status information and device status data to terminal device 40; terminal device 40 is also used to perform edge computing on device status data and upload the edge computing results and device status data to cloud server 50.

[0082] In this embodiment of the application, the network status information may include, but is not limited to, the following: Network topology information: The connection relationships, hierarchical distribution, mapping relationship between parent and child nodes, and topology change records of each node in the current LoRa and WiFi networks; Device EID: Unique identification information of each device in the network, which may include device type code, manufacturer code, hardware version and serial number; Device online status: Active / offline status of each node device, the time of the most recent heartbeat, signal strength (RSSI) and link quality indicator (LQI).

[0083] In some implementations, the edge computing performed by the terminal device 40 may include at least one of the following: Data preprocessing: Filtering (e.g., moving average filtering, Kalman filtering), denoising, normalization, and unit conversion of the raw device status data collected by sensor device 20; Threshold judgment and alarm compression: Comparing the processed data with preset alarm thresholds to determine whether an alarm is triggered; Data aggregation and statistics: Performing statistical calculations on high-frequency sampled data within a local time window, such as calculating the mean, extreme values, effective values ​​(RMS), and trend change rate; Protocol conversion and encapsulation: Converting data frames from heterogeneous communication protocols such as LoRa into JSON, MQTT, or HTTP message formats suitable for WiFi or Ethernet uploads; Lightweight feature extraction: Extracting frequency or time domain features from specific signals such as partial discharge and temperature rise trends, extracting key feature vectors for upload, and reducing cloud computing pressure.

[0084] In some implementations, edge computing results may include device health status levels, alarm information and out-of-limit parameters, statistical feature values ​​(such as mean, extreme values, trend rate) and lightweight feature vectors, etc. The specific design can be based on actual needs, and this application embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0085] Through the aforementioned edge computing, the terminal device 40 can complete data cleaning and preliminary analysis at the edge, obtain edge computing results, and upload them to the cloud server 50. This reduces the computing load and storage pressure on the cloud server 50, and improves the real-time response capability of the short-term substation monitoring system.

[0086] The process of building a LoRa network is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying diagram.

[0087] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of establishing a LoRa network as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0088] like Figure 5 As shown, step S100 may include the following steps S101-S105.

[0089] S101: Broadcast a first LoRa network beacon at a preset first frequency point so that the first network access device sends a first network access request based on the first LoRa network beacon.

[0090] The first network access device is either sensor device 20 or second communication device 30. Specifically, after powering on, the first communication device 10 can periodically broadcast a first LoRa network beacon on a preset first frequency point through its first LoRa downlink module 13. The first LoRa network beacon can carry a network identifier (which can be the EID of the first communication device 10 itself). After powering on, the first network access device (which can be sensor device 20 or second communication device 30) can cyclically scan the frequency point list specified by the node networking protocol. When the first LoRa network beacon is detected, the first network access device can determine whether to initiate a network access request on that frequency point based on the signal strength.

[0091] Understandably, when a LoRa network beacon with sufficiently strong signal strength is received at a certain frequency, the first device joining the network can record that frequency and signal strength. After listening repeatedly, if the first LoRa network beacon signal strength received at the first frequency is the strongest, then the first device directly sends a first network joining request to the first communication device 10. Furthermore, if LoRa network beacons are received at multiple frequencies, the first device joining the network can sort them by signal strength from strongest to weakest and execute the network joining request at the corresponding frequency in turn until the network joining is successful or all attempts are completed.

[0092] In practical applications, the frequency point list specified by the node networking protocol can define 80 frequency points (or frequency values), with a frequency point range of 470MHz to 510MHz. This application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0093] It is worth noting that after the second communication device 30 is powered on, it can also broadcast LoRa network beacons, but the LoRa network beacons it broadcasts are on the frequency point allocated by the master node, rather than the first frequency point, so that the lower-level sensor device 20 or the lower-level second communication device 30 can listen and initiate a network access request, thereby realizing the multi-level cascading expansion of the LoRa network.

[0094] S102: Receive the first network access request sent by the first network access device through the first frequency point, and / or receive the first network access request forwarded by the first network access device through at least one relay node.

[0095] The first network access request carries the device identifier (EID) of the first network access device.

[0096] Specifically, for the first network-entry device directly connected to the master node, it can directly send its request to the first LoRa downlink module 13 via the first frequency point. For the first network-entry device indirectly connected via a relay node, its first network-entry request is received by the second LoRa downlink module 33 of the upper-level relay node, then forwarded to the upper-level node via the second LoRa uplink module 32 of the upper-level relay node, and finally forwarded level by level to the first LoRa downlink module 13. The first motherboard 11 can extract the EID of the first network-entry device from the first network-entry request for subsequent verification.

[0097] S103: Based on the first network access request, verify whether the EID of the first network access device is in the EID table of the devices to be networked carried in the control command.

[0098] The EID table includes preset EIDs carried by control commands. Specifically, the first motherboard 11 can compare the extracted EID with the preset EID in the EID table. If the EID exists in the EID table, the verification passes, and steps S104 and / or S105 are executed; if it does not exist, network access is rejected, the first communication device 10 does not return a LoRa network access confirmation frame, and the first network access device re-executes the listening network access operation after a timeout.

[0099] S104: If the verification passes, and the first network access device is the second communication device 30, a second frequency point is allocated to the first network access device, and a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent to the first network access device, so that it can broadcast as a relay node on the second frequency point; different second communication devices 30 correspond to different second frequency points.

[0100] Specifically, the second frequency point is any frequency point other than the first frequency point within the 470MHz to 510MHz band. It is uniformly allocated by the first motherboard 11 from 80 available frequency points to ensure that the second frequency points of each second communication device 30 are different, avoiding co-channel interference. The LoRa network access confirmation frame carries the allocated second frequency point, WiFi network access information, and the EID of the upstream node (master node or relay node). After receiving the LoRa network access confirmation frame, the second motherboard 31 configures the second LoRa downlink module 33 to periodically broadcast the second LoRa network beacon at the second frequency point, allowing the downstream sensor device 20 or the downstream second communication device 30 to listen for network access.

[0101] It should also be noted that the WiFi network access information can include the WiFi username and password. After receiving the WiFi network access information, the first device to join the network can compare it with the WiFi configuration information stored locally. If the two do not match, the first device to join the network will configure the received WiFi username and password into its own WiFi module; if they match, there is no need to repeat the settings, and the existing local WiFi configuration can be used directly.

[0102] Understandably, after receiving the LoRa network access confirmation frame, the second communication device 30 can also perform the WiFi network access step. The second communication device 30 can send a WiFi network access request to the upper-level node (the first communication device 10 or other second communication devices 30) to join the Mesh network where the upper-level node is located.

[0103] S105: If the verification passes and the first network access device is sensor device 20, send a LoRa network access confirmation frame to the first network access device to enable it to join the LoRa network as a sensor node.

[0104] Specifically, if the first device joining the network is sensor device 20, the LoRa network access confirmation frame carries WiFi network access information but does not allocate a downlink frequency. After receiving the LoRa network access confirmation frame, sensor device 20 can also perform the WiFi network access steps. Sensor device 20 can send a WiFi network access request to the upstream node (i.e., the first communication device 10 or the second communication device 30) to join the Mesh network where the upstream node is located.

[0105] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the LoRa self-organizing network provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0106] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the LoRa self-organizing network process is as follows: ① The first communication device 10 acts as the network root node and periodically broadcasts the first LoRa network beacon on the preset first frequency point f1; ②-1 After the first sub-device 1-A detects the broadcast signals of various frequencies, including f1, it records parameters such as signal strength; ②-2 The first sub-device 1-A selects the optimal frequency point f1 and initiates a network access request to the first communication device 10; ③ After verifying the device identifier EID, the first communication device 10 agrees to allow the first sub-device 1-A to enter the network and allocates an independent downlink frequency point f2 (i.e., the second frequency point) to it. ④ After the first sub-device 1-A successfully joins the network, it broadcasts its own LoRa network beacon on the second frequency point f2; ⑤-1 The third sub-device 2-A detects broadcasts including the second frequency point f2 and records parameters such as signal strength; ⑤-2 The third sub-device 2-A initiates a network access request to the superior node (i.e., the first sub-device 1-A) on the second frequency point f2; ⑥ The first sub-device 1-A forwards the network access request of the third sub-device 2-A to the first communication device 10; ⑦ After verifying the device identifier EID, the first communication device 10 agrees to allow the third sub-device 2-A to enter the network and allocates another downlink frequency point f3 (i.e. another second frequency point) to it. ⑧ The first sub-device 1-A forwards the network access consent message and the second frequency point f3 to the third sub-device 2-A; ⑨ After the third sub-device 2-A successfully joins the network, it broadcasts its own LoRa network beacon on the second frequency point f3.

[0107] Similarly, the network access process of the lower-level second communication device 30 is the same as that of the third sub-device 2-A. The second communication devices 30 at each level are cascaded to form a multi-hop LoRa network, and different second communication devices 30 use different downlink frequencies, which effectively avoids co-channel interference.

[0108] It is understandable that the network access process of sensor device 20 is completed after it initiates a network access request and passes the verification. After successful network access, it only acts as a sensor node to listen to downlink broadcasts and report data. It does not assume the role of a relay for LoRa beacon broadcasts or data forwarding, so there is no need to allocate downlink frequency points. This will not be elaborated here.

[0109] Furthermore, after successfully joining the LoRa network, each sensor device 20 and each second communication device 30 can also initiate WiFi network access. The WiFi network access process of the sensor device 20 and the second communication device 30 is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0110] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the WiFi network access process of the sensor device and the second communication device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0111] like Figure 7 As shown, step S200 may include the following steps S201-S204.

[0112] S201: Receive the second network access request from the second network access device.

[0113] The second network-joining device is either sensor device 20 or second communication device 30, which has already joined the LoRa network as a sensor node or relay node and is directly connected to the master node. After these devices complete their LoRa network access, they can automatically activate their WiFi modules and begin scanning for surrounding WiFi network beacons. The LoRa parent node of the second network-joining device is the master node itself; therefore, the second network-joining device can receive the first WiFi network beacon broadcast by the first communication device 10. Based on the scanned beacon, the second network-joining device sends a second network access request to the first communication device 10. This request carries the second network-joining device's EID and authentication information.

[0114] S202: Based on the second network access request, perform WiFi network authentication on the second network access device.

[0115] After receiving the second network access request, the first communication device 10 can parse the request, extract the EID and authentication information of the second network access device, and then perform authentication based on the authentication information. Authentication can be performed using a pre-shared key (PSK) or WAPI certificate authentication. The first communication device 10 compares the extracted authentication information with locally stored authentication credentials; if they match, authentication is successful.

[0116] After successful authentication, the first communication device 10 further determines the device type of the second network access device: if the second network access device is the second communication device 30, then step S203 is executed; if the second network access device is the sensor device 20, then step S204 is executed. For the second network access device that fails authentication, the first communication device 10 refuses its access to the WiFi network and does not return a WiFi network access confirmation frame. After the timeout, the second network access device rescans the WiFi network beacon and initiates a network access request.

[0117] S203: If the authentication is successful, and the second network access device is the second communication device 30, configure the second network access device as a Mesh node so that the second network access device can join the WiFi network in a cascading manner.

[0118] If authentication is successful, and the second network-joining device is the second communication device 30 (i.e., a relay node), the first communication device 10 configures the second communication device 30 as a Mesh node in the Mesh network. Specifically, the first communication device 10 sends a WiFi network access confirmation frame to the second communication device 30. The WiFi network access confirmation frame carries the Mesh network identifier, working channel, routing protocol parameters (such as Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) configuration), and permission to broadcast its own WiFi network beacon. After receiving the WiFi network access confirmation frame, the second communication device 30's third WiFi module 34 joins the WiFi Mesh network in a cascaded manner and begins to periodically broadcast WiFi network beacons using its own EID as a service set identifier, thereby providing WiFi access services to downstream devices (other second communication devices 30 or sensor devices 20) and realizing multi-hop extension of the WiFi network.

[0119] S204: If the authentication is successful, and the second network access device is sensor device 20, configure the second network access device as a WiFi terminal node to enable it to join the WiFi network.

[0120] If authentication is successful and the second network-joining device is sensor device 20, then the first communication device 10 configures sensor device 20 as a WiFi terminal node (i.e., a leaf node). The first communication device 10 sends a WiFi network access confirmation frame to it. The WiFi network access confirmation frame only contains the network identifier and basic connection parameters, and does not grant the permission to broadcast beacons or forward data. After receiving the WiFi network access confirmation frame, sensor device 20's second WiFi module 23 has joined the Mesh network and, as a terminal node, is only responsible for reporting the device status data it collects, and does not participate in data forwarding.

[0121] In actual deployments, LoRa network access is typically completed first (to ensure control plane connectivity and time synchronization for all network devices), followed by the WiFi network access process. For devices already connected to the network, if the WiFi connection is lost due to signal interference or a device restart during operation, the device can automatically repeat the above steps to rejoin the WiFi network without manual intervention.

[0122] Furthermore, this embodiment of the application can employ a centralized time division multiple access (TDMA) mechanism to uniformly manage uplink transmission. Specifically, the LoRa broadcast of the first communication device 10 can be managed on a per-second basis (example value, which can be adjusted based on demand): the first 500 milliseconds per second (example value, which can be adjusted based on demand) is the downlink time period, used for the first communication device 10 to send downlink broadcast frames; the last 500 milliseconds per second (example value, which can be adjusted based on demand) is the uplink time period, used for the sensor device 20 and the second communication device 30 to send data. The downlink broadcast frame can carry the following information: whether each time slot in the next second uplink time period is idle or occupied, and which device is specifically allocated the occupied time slot for data transmission. In practical applications, idle time slots are generally used for devices not yet connected to the network to initiate network access requests, or for devices already connected to the network to request data transmission time; occupied time slots refer to the time slots that the first communication device 10 uniformly allocates to specific devices for reporting data according to previous requests.

[0123] Specifically, prior to step S400, this application embodiment also includes the following steps S601-S603.

[0124] S601: According to the second preset frequency, a second broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network; wherein, the second broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of the master node's uplink time period, so that the master node can receive device status data during the uplink time period.

[0125] Understandably, the first communication device 10 may broadcast the second broadcast frame during its downlink time period.

[0126] For example, the second preset frequency can be 1Hz, that is, the second broadcast frame is broadcast once per second. The specific value of the second preset frequency can be adjusted based on actual needs, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit it.

[0127] S602: Receive a time slot request sent by the first target node in an idle time slot.

[0128] In this embodiment, the first target node refers to the sensor node (i.e., sensor device 20) and / or relay node (i.e., second communication device 30) directly connected to the master node (first communication device 10). After receiving the second broadcast frame, these nodes can resolve the location of the idle time slot and send a time slot request to the first communication device 10 through the LoRa uplink channel (first frequency point) within the idle time slot. The time slot request may carry information such as the EID of sensor device 20 or second communication device 30, the amount of data to be transmitted (or the required time slot length), and priority.

[0129] S603: Based on the time slot request, allocate the first transmission time slot for the first target node in the uplink time period.

[0130] In this embodiment, after receiving a time slot request, the first communication device 10 can allocate a first transmission time slot to each first target node using a scheduling algorithm (such as first-come, first-served) based on the current uplink time slot occupancy and the time slot length requested by each node. The allocation result (i.e., the start and end times of the first transmission time slot) can be communicated to the corresponding node via the downlink broadcast frame (second broadcast frame) of the next cycle. It is understood that the allocated first transmission time slot is located within the uplink time slot; for example, the 500th to 530th millisecond is allocated to first target node A, and the 540th to 570th millisecond is allocated to first target node B, etc.

[0131] Furthermore, step S400 includes the following step S401: receiving device status data reported by the first target node via the WiFi network during the first transmission time slot.

[0132] Understandably, when the first target node is a relay node, it is used to aggregate device status data from its directly connected sensor nodes and report it to the master node, and / or to aggregate device status data aggregated by its subordinate relay nodes and report it to the master node. When the first target node is a sensor node, it can directly send the collected device status data to the first communication device 10 via WiFi network within its allocated first transmission time slot.

[0133] In summary, the first communication device 10 uses the LoRa network to manage device access, synchronize time, and schedule transmission time slots, and uses the WiFi network to achieve high-speed aggregation and backhaul of device status data. The two networks work together to complete short-term online monitoring of substation equipment.

[0134] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the second short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment.

[0135] like Figure 8 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a short-time substation monitoring method is also provided. The method is applied to a second communication device 30 and specifically includes the following steps S700-S900.

[0136] S700: Joins the LoRa network with the first communication device 10 as the master node, and establishes LoRa connections with other second communication devices 30 and / or sensor devices 20 as a relay node.

[0137] Specifically, after the second communication device 30 is powered on, its second motherboard 31 can control the second LoRa uplink module 32 to cyclically listen to each frequency point specified in the node networking protocol and scan for surrounding LoRa network beacons. When a LoRa network beacon broadcast by the master node or other relay nodes already in the network is detected, the signal strength of each frequency point is recorded. If multiple frequency points have valid beacons, they are sorted by signal strength from largest to smallest, and a third network entry request is sent to the corresponding upstream node in sequence. The third network entry request can carry the EID of the second communication device 30.

[0138] Understandably, if the second communication device 30 directly detects the first LoRa network beacon broadcast by the first communication device 10 and the signal strength of the first LoRa network beacon is the highest, then the second communication device 30 can directly send a third network entry request to the master node to apply for network entry as a first-level relay node. If it does not directly detect the master node beacon, or detects the LoRa network beacon broadcast by the already networked second communication device 30 and the signal strength of the beacon is greater than that of the master node beacon, then it sends a third network entry request to the second communication device 30 to apply for network entry as a lower-level relay node. After receiving the third network entry request, the upper-level node can forward it to the master node, whereby the first communication device 10 verifies the EID and allocates a second frequency point, returning a LoRa network entry confirmation frame. After receiving the LoRa network entry confirmation frame, the second communication device 30 obtains the allocated second frequency point. Subsequently, the second motherboard 31 can be configured to periodically broadcast the second LoRa network beacon at the second frequency point, allowing the lower-level sensor device 20 or the lower-level second communication device 30 to listen for network access, thereby completing the LoRa network cascading expansion as a relay node.

[0139] It is understandable that the second communication device 30 can be flexibly configured with its connection relationships according to the actual deployment needs of the substation. The second communication device 30 can be used as a pure relay node, solely for extending the coverage of LoRa and WiFi networks, connecting to other lower-level second communication devices 30, without connecting to any sensor devices 20; or it can be used as a regional aggregation node, connecting to both lower-level second communication devices 30 and sensor devices 20 within its coverage area, aggregating and forwarding device status data reported by the sensor devices 20. Furthermore, in scenarios where the substation monitoring area is small and signal coverage is good, the second communication device 30 can also connect only to the sensor devices 20, without connecting to other lower-level second communication devices 30. The specific connection method of the second communication device 30 is determined by the scale, structural layout, and monitoring needs of the substation, and this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0140] S800: Receives the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upper-level relay node through the LoRa network, and forwards the first broadcast frame to the lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes.

[0141] Specifically, the second LoRa uplink module 32 of the second communication device 30 receives the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upper-level relay node through the LoRa network. After parsing the first broadcast frame, the second motherboard 31 can control the second LoRa downlink module 33 to forward the first broadcast frame to the lower-level node, ensuring that both the lower-level sensor device 20 and the lower-level second communication device 30 can receive the time synchronization reference and the acquisition trigger command, realizing the step-by-step transmission of microsecond-level time synchronization across the entire network.

[0142] S900: Receives device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via WiFi network, and forwards the device status data to the first communication device 10 level by level via WiFi network.

[0143] In this embodiment, after joining the LoRa network, the second communication device 30 further joins the WiFi Mesh network with the first communication device 10 as the root node. Specifically, the second communication device 30 scans the WiFi network beacons broadcast by its superior node, sends a WiFi network access request, and passes authentication to become an intermediate node (Mesh node) in the WiFi Mesh network. In this network, the second communication device 30 can simultaneously establish WiFi connections with its subordinate nodes (other second communication devices 30 or sensor devices 20) and its superior nodes (first communication device 10 or other superior second communication devices 30).

[0144] Once the second communication device 30 or the sensor device 20 acquires device status data, it can report the data to the second communication device 30 (i.e., the parent node) via WiFi network within its respective allocated uplink transmission time slot (assigned by the directly connected parent node). The second communication device 30 then aggregates and buffers this data.

[0145] Subsequently, the second communication device 30, according to the uplink transmission time slot it requests from its superior node (such as a superior relay node or master node), sends the aggregated device status data to its superior node via the WiFi network, and finally forwards it level by level to the master node (first communication device 10). If there are multiple levels of relays in the network, each level of the second communication device 30 performs the same receiving, aggregating, and forwarding operations, thereby forming a reliable data link from the sensor device 20 to the first communication device 10. Through this level-by-level forwarding mechanism, this method can extend the WiFi coverage range in the complex environment of the substation and ensure the stable uploading of monitoring data.

[0146] The following is a detailed description of the steps for the second communication device 30 to join the LoRa network.

[0147] Specifically, step S700 may include the following steps S701-S703.

[0148] S701: Listens for LoRa network beacons at various preset frequency points, where the LoRa network beacons are broadcast by the master node and / or other relay nodes.

[0149] Specifically, after the second communication device 30 is powered on, the second motherboard 31 controls the second LoRa uplink module 32 to cyclically scan the frequency list specified in the node networking protocol. This frequency list defines 80 frequency points, ranging from 470MHz to 510MHz. The second LoRa uplink module 32 stays at each frequency point for a preset duration to listen for the presence of LoRa network beacons. LoRa network beacons are broadcast by the master node or other relay nodes already in the network. If the signal strength of the LoRa network beacon exceeds a strength threshold (e.g., -90dBm), the second communication device 30 can record the frequency point and signal strength corresponding to the LoRa network beacon.

[0150] S702: Based on the signal strength of the detected LoRa network beacons in descending order, send the third network access request sequentially at the frequency corresponding to each LoRa network beacon until the LoRa network access confirmation frame returned by the master node is received; wherein, the LoRa network access confirmation frame carries the second frequency point allocated by the master node.

[0151] Specifically, the second motherboard 31 can sort the LoRa network beacons detected at each frequency point from highest to lowest signal strength (it can sort only LoRa network beacons with signal strength exceeding the strength threshold), and select the upstream node corresponding to the LoRa network beacon with the strongest signal strength as the target access node. If the beacon with the strongest signal strength comes from the first communication device 10 (i.e., the first LoRa network beacon), a third network access request is sent directly to the first communication device 10 (i.e., the master node); if the beacon with the strongest signal strength comes from the second communication device 30 that has already joined the network, a third network access request is sent to the second communication device 30 (i.e., the relay node), which then forwards it to the master node. The third network access request can carry the EID and device type information of the second communication device 30, requesting to join the LoRa network and apply for the relay node role.

[0152] Furthermore, after receiving the third network access request, the first communication device 10 can verify whether the EID of the second communication device 30 is in the EID table. If the verification passes, a second frequency point is allocated to the first communication device 10. The second frequency point is any frequency point other than the first frequency point within the 470MHz to 510MHz band, ensuring that the second frequency points of different second communication devices 30 are different to avoid co-channel interference. After the second LoRa uplink module 32 of the second communication device 30 receives the LoRa network access confirmation frame, the second motherboard 31 can parse and store the allocated second frequency point and related parameters.

[0153] It is understandable that the LoRa network beacons detected by the second communication device 30 may come from multiple different LoRa networks, and the frequency points corresponding to some beacons may already be occupied by other LoRa networks or subject to co-channel interference, resulting in network access failure. In this embodiment, the second communication device 30 can automatically avoid occupied frequency points by sorting them by signal strength and trying them sequentially, thereby improving the success rate of network access. Once a frequency point is successfully accessed, the master node will allocate a dedicated second frequency point to the second communication device 30 for subsequent data communication.

[0154] S703: Periodically broadcast a second LoRa network beacon at a second frequency to enable other second communication devices 30 or sensor devices 20 to access the LoRa network based on the second LoRa network beacon.

[0155] Specifically, the second motherboard 31 can be configured with a second LoRa downlink module 33 to periodically broadcast a second LoRa network beacon on an allocated second frequency. The content of the second LoRa network beacon is similar to that of the first LoRa network beacon, including a network identifier (which can be the EID of the second communication device 30), etc., for the lower-level sensor device 20 or the lower-level second communication device 30 to listen for and initiate a network access request. After receiving the network access request, the second communication device 30 can directly forward it to the master node or cache it locally and report it uniformly, realizing the multi-level cascading expansion of the LoRa network.

[0156] The following is a detailed description of the steps for the second communication device 30 to join the WiFi network.

[0157] In this embodiment of the application, step S700 may be followed by step S1000: joining the WiFi network established by the first communication device 10.

[0158] Specifically, step S1000 includes the following steps S1001-S1003.

[0159] S1001: Scan for the second WiFi network beacon, which is broadcast by the second communication device 30 to the upstream relay node or the directly connected master node in the LoRa network.

[0160] Specifically, after the second communication device 30 successfully joins the LoRa network, the second motherboard 31 initiates the scanning function of the third WiFi module 34. The third WiFi station unit 341 scans the surrounding WiFi network beacons and filters WiFi network beacons whose WiFi network identifiers match the EID of the directly connected upstream node in the LoRa network.

[0161] S1002: Send a fourth network entry request to the directly connected upper-level relay node or directly connected master node to which the scanned second WiFi network beacon belongs, so as to join the WiFi network through cascading.

[0162] Specifically, the third WiFi station unit 341 selects the upstream node corresponding to the second WiFi network beacon with the strongest signal strength and sends a fourth network access request to it. The fourth network access request carries the EID, WiFi configuration information, and authentication credentials of the second communication device 30. After receiving the fourth network access request, the upstream node performs WiFi network authentication based on the network access status of the second communication device 30 in the LoRa network. After successful authentication, it returns a WiFi network access confirmation frame to configure the second communication device 30 as a Mesh node, enabling it to forward data from downstream nodes. After the second communication device 30 receives the WiFi network access confirmation frame, the third WiFi module 34 completes Mesh node initialization and establishes a WiFi connection with the upstream node.

[0163] S1003: Uses its own EID as a network identifier and periodically broadcasts a WiFi network beacon.

[0164] Specifically, the second motherboard 31 can be configured with a second WiFi access point unit 342 that uses the EID of the second communication device 30 as the network identifier to periodically broadcast a WiFi network beacon. This WiFi network beacon is scanned by the lower-level sensor device 20 or the lower-level second communication device 30 to initiate a network access request, thereby realizing the hierarchical expansion of the WiFi network. The second communication device 30, as an intermediate node in the Mesh network, reports data to the upper-level node through the third WiFi station unit 341, and also receives and aggregates data from lower-level nodes through the second WiFi access point unit 342, completing multi-hop cascaded forwarding of data.

[0165] The following section details the steps of the second communication device 30 acting as a relay node to request transmission time slots from the superior node and to allocate transmission time slots to the subordinate node.

[0166] In this embodiment of the application, the following steps S1101-S1102 may be included before step S900.

[0167] S1101: Receive the third broadcast frame broadcast by the second target node through the LoRa network.

[0168] The second target node refers to the upstream node directly connected to the second communication device 30 in the LoRa network, i.e., the master node (first communication device 10) or the upstream relay node (other second communication devices 30). This upstream node broadcasts a third broadcast frame through the LoRa network at a preset frequency (e.g., 1Hz). The third broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information for the upstream node's uplink time period. The uplink time period can be the last 500 milliseconds of each second, used to receive data reported by downstream nodes. The idle time slot information includes which time slots are not occupied and which time slots have been allocated to other devices. The second communication device 30 receives this third broadcast frame through its second LoRa uplink module 32.

[0169] S1102: During an idle time slot, send a time slot request to the second target node to determine the second transmission time slot allocated by the second target node.

[0170] In this embodiment, the second communication device 30 can parse the received third broadcast frame to obtain the location of an idle time slot, and send a time slot request to its superior node (second target node) via the LoRa uplink channel within the idle time slot. This request may carry the second communication device 30's own EID, the amount of data to be reported (or the required time slot length), etc. Upon receiving the request, the superior node can allocate a second transmission time slot for the second communication device 30 (e.g., from 550 milliseconds to 590 milliseconds) and inform the subordinate second communication device 30 through a downlink broadcast frame in the next cycle. This second transmission time slot is used by the second communication device 30 to report data to its superior node.

[0171] Furthermore, steps S1103-S1105 may be included before step S900.

[0172] S1103: According to the third preset frequency, the fourth broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network; wherein the fourth broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of its own uplink time period.

[0173] The second communication device 30, acting as a relay node, needs to provide uplink time slot scheduling services to its downstream nodes (i.e., the downstream second communication device 30 and / or sensor device 20 directly connected to it). Therefore, the second communication device 30 can periodically broadcast a fourth broadcast frame through its second LoRa downlink module 33 at a third preset frequency. The fourth broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of the second communication device 30's own uplink time period.

[0174] For example, the third preset frequency can be 1Hz, that is, the fourth broadcast frame is broadcast once per second. The specific value of the third preset frequency can be adjusted based on actual needs, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit it.

[0175] S1104: Receive a time slot request sent by the third target node in an idle time slot.

[0176] The third target node refers to the lower-level relay node (i.e., other second communication devices 30) and / or sensor device node (i.e., sensor device 20) directly connected to the second communication device 30. After receiving the fourth broadcast frame, these devices can parse the idle time slot information and send a time slot request to the second communication device 30 through the LoRa uplink channel within the idle time slot. The request carries information such as its own EID and the required time slot length.

[0177] S1105: Based on the time slot request, allocate a third transmission time slot for the third target node in the uplink time period.

[0178] In this embodiment, after receiving a time slot request from a lower-level node, the second communication device 30 can allocate a third transmission time slot to each third target node using a scheduling algorithm based on the current uplink time slot occupancy, the amount of data requested by each device, and its priority. The allocation result is communicated to each lower-level node via the fourth broadcast frame (downlink broadcast frame) of the next cycle. Therefore, the relay node (second communication device 30) in this embodiment has the function of allocating time slots to lower-level nodes, thereby realizing distributed TDMA scheduling, reducing the scheduling burden on the master node, and ensuring network efficiency and scalability.

[0179] Furthermore, step S900 may specifically include the following steps S901-S902.

[0180] S901: During the third transmission time slot, receive device status data reported by the third target node via the WiFi network.

[0181] The second communication device 30 receives device status data reported by lower-level nodes through its third WiFi module 34 within the third transmission time slot allocated to the lower-level nodes. The lower-level nodes can be sensor nodes (directly reporting collected partial discharge waveforms, temperature and humidity data) or lower-level relay nodes (reporting their aggregated data). During the reception process, the second communication device 30 can perform packet verification and reassembly according to the WiFi Mesh network protocol to ensure data integrity and accuracy.

[0182] S902: The received device status data is aggregated and cached, and then reported to the superior relay node or master node via WiFi network in the second transmission time slot.

[0183] The second communication device 30 can aggregate and buffer device status data from different lower-level nodes to form a unified data packet. Within the second transmission time slot obtained through S1102, it reports the aggregated data packet to its upper-level node (master node or upper-level relay node) via the WiFi network. In this way, each level relay node performs the operation of "receiving lower-level data → aggregating → forwarding to the upper level", thereby forming a complete data upload link.

[0184] In summary, the second communication device 30 achieves time slot coordination with upstream and downstream nodes through the LoRa network and realizes high-speed data aggregation and hierarchical forwarding through the WiFi Mesh network. The relay mechanism provided in this application embodiment not only ensures low power consumption and long-distance coverage of the LoRa control plane, but also utilizes the high bandwidth characteristics of WiFi to achieve efficient transmission of monitoring data. At the same time, the distributed time slot allocation reduces the scheduling pressure on the master node and improves the scalability and reliability of the system.

[0185] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the third short-time substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment.

[0186] like Figure 9 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment also provides a short-time substation monitoring method, which is applied to sensor device 20 and specifically includes the following steps S1200-S1500.

[0187] S1200: Join the LoRa network with the first communication device 10 as the master node; in the LoRa network, the sensor device 20 is a sensor node connected to a relay node or the master node.

[0188] In this embodiment, after the sensor device 20 is powered on, its LoRa module 22 can cyclically scan the frequency list specified in the node networking protocol to listen for surrounding LoRa network beacons. These beacons may be broadcast by the first communication device 10 on a first frequency, or by the second communication device 30 (relay node) already in the network on its assigned downlink frequency. The sensor device 20 measures the signal strength of each detected beacon, filters out beacons with signal strength greater than a strength threshold, and selects the frequency corresponding to the beacon with the strongest signal strength as the network entry frequency. On this frequency, the sensor device 20 sends a network entry request to the upper-level node (first communication device 10 or a second communication device 30) that broadcast the beacon. The network entry request carries the sensor device 20's own EID. The upper-level node forwards the request to the first communication device 10 for EID whitelist verification. After successful verification, the first communication device 10 returns a LoRa network entry confirmation frame to the sensor device 20. After receiving the confirmation frame, the sensor device 20 successfully joins the LoRa network.

[0189] S1300: Receives the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upstream relay node through the LoRa network.

[0190] In this embodiment, after the sensor device 20 successfully joins the LoRa network, its LoRa module 22 can continuously monitor the downlink frequency of its upstream node to receive the first broadcast frame. After receiving the first broadcast frame, the sensor device 20 can parse and obtain the acquisition trigger command.

[0191] In some implementations, after receiving the first broadcast frame, the sensor device 20 can also calibrate its local clock based on the timestamp in the frame to achieve microsecond-level synchronization with the master node.

[0192] S1400: In response to the first broadcast frame, collect device status data according to the preset collection cycle.

[0193] In this embodiment, in response to the first broadcast frame, the signal acquisition motherboard 21 can acquire equipment status data of the device under test in the substation, including the pulse waveform, RMS value, and phase information generated by partial discharge, as well as ambient temperature and relative humidity. The acquired equipment status data is temporarily stored in the cache inside the sensor device 20.

[0194] In some implementations, the preset acquisition period can be a fixed interval, such as acquiring data once every 100 milliseconds, and the sensor device 20 can automatically collect data in a cyclical manner according to this period.

[0195] In some implementations, the sensor device 20 can also be configured for continuous acquisition mode. In this mode, once the signal acquisition motherboard 21 is triggered, it continuously acquires data without periodicity or interval until a stop command is received or the acquisition task ends. Continuous acquisition mode is suitable for short-term, high-density monitoring scenarios, such as when the equipment is under heavy load or in severe weather conditions, requiring uninterrupted monitoring of partial discharge signals to capture transient anomalies. In this mode, the acquired data is continuously written to the buffer in the form of a data stream and uploaded in real time via a WiFi network, ensuring that no critical information is lost.

[0196] In some implementations, the preset collection period can be set by the backend (terminal device 40 or cloud server 50) and changed at any time by issuing instructions.

[0197] S1500: Reports device status data to the first communication device 10 via WiFi network.

[0198] Understandably, when sensor device 20 is a sensor node connected to the master node via a relay node, sensor device 20 can report device status data to the upper-level relay node via the WiFi network, and the upper-level relay node will then forward the data to the first communication device 10 level by level via the WiFi network. When sensor device 20 is a sensor node directly connected to the master node, it can directly report device status data to the first communication device 10.

[0199] It should also be noted that the sensor device 20 in this embodiment supports two data reporting modes, which can be flexibly selected according to the needs of the monitoring task and the battery power.

[0200] The first mode: Real-time acquisition-real-time transmission mode.

[0201] In this mode, after completing data acquisition, sensor device 20 immediately reports its device status data to its upstream node (master node or relay node) via WiFi network. The second WiFi module 23 of sensor device 20 remains continuously operational and does not enter sleep mode. This mode is suitable for scenarios requiring continuous monitoring and low-latency alarms, such as short-term intensive monitoring of critical equipment during severe weather or heavy equipment loads. This mode offers the highest real-time data performance but also relatively high power consumption, making it suitable for external power supplies or short-term, high-intensity monitoring tasks.

[0202] The second mode: real-time acquisition-time-division transmission mode.

[0203] In this mode, sensor device 20 continuously collects device status data according to a preset collection cycle (e.g., every 100 milliseconds), but the collected data is not uploaded immediately; instead, it is temporarily stored in a local data cache. The second WiFi module 23 of sensor device 20 remains in sleep mode most of the time, only waking up when data needs to be uploaded (e.g., periodic uploads). This mode significantly reduces the overall power consumption of sensor device 20 by decreasing the wake-up time and number of transmissions of the WiFi module, extending battery-powered operating time (e.g., from several days to several weeks or even months). This mode is suitable for long-term, continuous daily inspections or periodic monitoring tasks.

[0204] The switching between the two modes can be dynamically configured by the first communication device 10 through control commands issued via the LoRa network, or it can be automatically switched locally on the sensor device 20 based on a battery power threshold. For example, when the battery power is below 20%, the sensor device 20 automatically switches from real-time transmission mode to time-sharing transmission mode to ensure the continuity of the monitoring task.

[0205] Furthermore, step S1200 may be followed by step S1600: joining the WiFi network established by the first communication device 10.

[0206] Specifically, step S1600 includes the following steps S1601-S1602.

[0207] S1601: Scan the third WiFi network beacon broadcast by the fourth target node.

[0208] The fourth target node refers to the upstream node directly connected to the sensor device 20 in the LoRa network. This upstream node can be a master node (first communication device 10) or a relay node (second communication device 30). The sensor device 20 activates its second WiFi module 23 and begins scanning for surrounding WiFi network beacons. It is understood that the fourth target node periodically broadcasts a third WiFi network beacon using its own EID as its SSID. The sensor device 20 can scan and obtain this beacon, and parse parameters such as network identifier, authentication method, and operating channel.

[0209] S1602: Send a fifth network entry request to the directly connected upstream relay node or directly connected master node to which the scanned third WiFi network beacon belongs, in order to join the WiFi network.

[0210] The fifth network access request may include the sensor device 20's own EID, as well as WiFi configuration information and authentication credentials for WiFi network authentication. Upon receiving the request, the fourth target node can authenticate the sensor device 20 and return a WiFi network access confirmation frame after successful authentication. After receiving the WiFi network access confirmation frame, the sensor device 20 joins the WiFi Mesh network with the first communication device 10 as the root node, acting as a WiFi terminal node (leaf node).

[0211] Furthermore, step S1500 may include the following steps S1501-S1503.

[0212] S1501: Receive the fifth broadcast frame broadcast by the fourth target node through the LoRa network; the fifth broadcast frame carries the idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the fourth target node.

[0213] After sensor device 20 joins the WiFi network, its LoRa module 22 continues to monitor the downlink frequency of the fourth target node. The fourth target node broadcasts a fifth broadcast frame via the LoRa network at a preset frequency (e.g., 1 Hz). The fifth broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information for the uplink time period of the fourth target node. The uplink time period can be the last 500 milliseconds of each second, used to receive data reported by lower-level devices. The idle time slot information includes which time slots are not occupied and which time slots have been allocated to other devices.

[0214] S1502: During an idle time slot, send a time slot request to the fourth target node to determine the fourth transmission time slot allocated by the fourth target node.

[0215] Sensor device 20 can parse the fifth broadcast frame to obtain the location of an idle time slot. During the idle time slot (e.g., the idle period from 520 milliseconds to 530 milliseconds), sensor device 20 sends a time slot request to the fourth target node via its LoRa module 22. This time slot request includes at least the sensor device 20's own EID and the amount of data to be reported (or the required time slot length). Upon receiving the request, the fourth target node allocates a fourth transmission time slot (e.g., from 540 milliseconds to 560 milliseconds) to sensor device 20 based on the current uplink time slot occupancy and scheduling algorithm, and informs sensor device 20 of this via the next cycle's downlink broadcast frame (the fifth broadcast frame).

[0216] S1503: During the fourth transmission time slot, the device status data is reported to the fourth target node via the WiFi network.

[0217] After receiving the allocation information for the fourth transmission time slot, sensor device 20 can send cached device status data (such as partial discharge waveforms and temperature and humidity data) to the fourth target node via the WiFi network at the start of the specified time slot. Upon receiving the data, the fourth target node, if it is the master node, will directly store and analyze the data; if it is a relay node, it will aggregate the data and forward it to the superior node following the aforementioned steps. After transmission is complete, sensor device 20 can immediately shut down the second WiFi module 23 to save power, or remain in standby mode waiting for the next time slot.

[0218] In summary, sensor device 20 completes network access, time synchronization, and uplink time slot application and allocation via the LoRa network, and reports device status data at high speed within the designated time slot via the WiFi network. Sensor device 20 only listens for broadcast frames on the downlink frequency of its parent node and sends data within the allocated uplink time slot, avoiding channel conflicts. Simultaneously, its second WiFi module 23 can be woken up only during transmission time slots and remain dormant during non-transmission periods, achieving low power consumption and high-speed upload. The sensor device 20 provided in this embodiment can be used in scenarios requiring continuous real-time monitoring (real-time acquisition-real-time transmission mode) as well as in power-saving scenarios requiring long-term battery power (real-time acquisition-time-division transmission mode), flexibly adapting to different monitoring task requirements of substations.

[0219] It should also be noted that the short-term substation monitoring method provided in this application embodiment further includes terminal-side operations. The terminal device 40 is communicatively connected to the first WiFi module 14 of the first communication device 10, and is used to receive device status data forwarded by the first communication device 10, and to display the device status data and early warning information in real time through the human-machine interaction module 43. Simultaneously, the terminal device 40 can perform edge computing analysis on the received device status data (such as partial discharge trend judgment and temperature / humidity exceeding limit alarms), and upload the analysis results and raw data to the cloud server 50 through its mobile communication module 45.

[0220] In some implementations, the communication terminal 40 also includes a camera module 44. The camera module 44 is used to acquire image information of the installation location of the sensor device 20 during the deployment of the monitoring system, and to scan the EID of the device under test and the sensor device 20 in the substation, so as to associate and bind the sensor device 20 with its installation location and EID.

[0221] It should also be noted that after receiving the data reported by the portable mobile terminal device 40, the cloud server 50 can perform the following operations: long-term storage and in-depth analysis of equipment status data (such as trend prediction and fault diagnosis); generate monitoring reports based on big data analysis results and push alarm information to multiple clients (such as the web interface and terminal device 40); simultaneously, the cloud server 50 can also dispatch electronic work orders to the terminal device 40 to guide on-site maintenance personnel to conduct targeted inspections or maintenance. Through the collaboration between the communication terminal 40 and the cloud, this embodiment of the application realizes the combination of on-site edge computing and cloud intelligent analysis, further improving the intelligence level and response efficiency of substation equipment status monitoring.

[0222] As can be seen from the above, the embodiments of this application provide a short-term substation monitoring method, which can realize "short-term online monitoring" of substations, and perform substation equipment status monitoring on demand, flexibly and repeatedly; it can provide a dual-mode wireless self-organizing network architecture based on LoRa and WiFi, supporting intelligent network selection and multi-level cascading; at the same time, through terminal devices integrating edge computing capabilities, it can realize on-site interaction, local analysis and cloud collaboration; the whole system adopts an integrated portable design, which can be reused, quickly deployed and quickly dismantled, greatly improving the flexibility of operation and maintenance.

[0223] Figure 10 This is an interactive schematic diagram of a short-time substation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0224] like Figure 10 As shown, this application provides a short-term substation monitoring system, which includes a first communication device 10 and a sensor device 20, and / or the system includes a first communication device 10, at least one second communication device 30, and a sensor device 20. The first communication device 10 is configured to perform the following steps: S110: In response to control commands, it establishes a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node.

[0225] The LoRa network includes a master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect to the master node directly or via at least one relay node; the sensor node is a sensor device 20 located at the device under test within the substation; the relay node is a second communication device 30. S120: Establishes a high-fidelity WiFi network based on LoRa network.

[0226] The WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device 10 as the root node; the sensor device 20 joins the WiFi network by connecting to the first communication device 10 or the second communication device 30 in the LoRa network. S130: According to the first preset frequency, the first broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network so that the sensor device 20 can collect device status data according to the preset collection period when it receives the first broadcast frame; S140: Receive device status data reported by sensor device 20 via WiFi network, and perform substation monitoring based on the device status data.

[0227] The second communication device 30 is configured as follows: S210: Join the LoRa network with the first communication device 10 as the master node, and establish LoRa connections with other second communication devices 30 and / or sensor devices 20 as a relay node; S220: Receive the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upper-level relay node through the LoRa network, and forward the first broadcast frame to the lower-level relay node and / or sensor node; S230: Receive device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via WiFi network, and forward the device status data to the first communication device 10 level by level via WiFi network.

[0228] Sensor device 20 is configured as follows: S310: Join the LoRa network with the first communication device 10 as the master node.

[0229] In a LoRa network, sensor device 20 is a sensor node connected to a relay node or master node; S320: Receives the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upstream relay node through the LoRa network; S330: In response to the first broadcast frame, collect device status data according to a preset collection cycle; S340: Report device status data to the first communication device 10 via WiFi network.

[0230] When sensor device 20 is connected to the master node via a relay node, sensor device 20 reports device status data to the upper-level relay node via WiFi network, and the upper-level relay node forwards the data to the first communication device 10 level by level via WiFi network.

[0231] In one possible implementation, the first communication device 10 is further configured to perform the following steps: S111: Broadcast a first LoRa network beacon at a preset first frequency point, so that the first network access device sends a first network access request based on the first LoRa network beacon; wherein, the first network access device is sensor device 20 or second communication device 30; S112: Receive a first network access request sent by the first network access device through a first frequency point, and / or receive a first network access request forwarded by the first network access device through at least one relay node; the first network access request carries the device identifier (EID) of the first network access device; S113: Based on the first network access request, verify whether the EID of the first network access device is in the EID table of the devices to be networked carried in the control command; S114: If the verification passes, and the first network access device is the second communication device 30, a second frequency point is allocated to the first network access device, and a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent to the first network access device, enabling it to broadcast as a relay node on the second frequency point; different second communication devices 30 correspond to different second frequency points; S115: And / or, if the verification passes, and the first network access device is sensor device 20, send a LoRa network access confirmation frame to the first network access device to enable it to join the LoRa network as a sensor node.

[0232] In some implementations, the first communication device 10 is further configured to perform the following steps: S141: Periodically broadcast a first WiFi network beacon to establish a WiFi connection with terminal device 40; wherein, the first WiFi network beacon is the EID of the first communication device 10; terminal device 40 is used to communicate with cloud server 50 to receive electronic work orders dispatched by cloud server 50, the electronic work order being used at least to indicate the device under test; and terminal device 40 is used to generate control commands based on the electronic work order and send them to the first communication device 10; S142: Receive control commands sent by terminal device 40 via WiFi network; wherein, the control commands include the EID of the device to be networked; In one possible implementation, the first communication device 10 is further configured to perform the following steps: S143: Receive the second network access request from the second network access device; the second network access device is a sensor device 20 or a second communication device 30 that has joined the LoRa network as a sensor node or relay node and is directly connected to the master node; S144: Based on the second network access request, perform WiFi network authentication on the second network access device; S145: If the authentication is successful, and the second network access device is the second communication device 30, configure the second network access device as a Mesh node so that the second network access device can join the WiFi network in a cascading manner; S146: And / or, if the authentication is successful, and the second network access device is sensor device 20, configure the second network access device as a WiFi terminal node to enable it to join the WiFi network.

[0233] In one possible implementation, the first communication device 10 is further configured to perform the following steps: S147: Send network status information and device status data to terminal device 40; terminal device 40 is also used to perform edge computing on device status data and upload the edge computing results and device status data to cloud server 50.

[0234] In some implementations, the first communication device 10 is further configured to perform the following steps: S151: According to the second preset frequency, a second broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network; wherein, the second broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of the master node's uplink time period, so that the master node can receive device status data during the uplink time period; S152: Receive a time slot request sent by the first target node in an idle time slot; the first target node includes sensor nodes and / or relay nodes directly connected to the master node; S153: Based on the time slot request, allocate the first transmission time slot for the first target node in the uplink time period; In some implementations, the first communication device 10 is further configured to perform the following steps: S131: During the first transmission time slot, receive device status data reported by the first target node via the WiFi network; wherein, when the first target node is a relay node, the first target node is used to aggregate the device status data of its directly connected sensor nodes and report it to the master node, and / or, to aggregate the device status data aggregated by its subordinate relay nodes and report it to the master node.

[0235] In one possible implementation, the second communication device 30 is further configured to perform the following steps: S211: Listen for LoRa network beacons at various preset frequency points, wherein the LoRa network beacons are broadcast by the master node and / or other relay nodes; S212: Based on the signal strength of the detected LoRa network beacons in descending order, send the third network access request sequentially at the frequency corresponding to each LoRa network beacon until the LoRa network access confirmation frame returned by the master node is received; wherein, the LoRa network access confirmation frame carries the second frequency allocated by the master node; S213: Periodically broadcast a second LoRa network beacon at the second frequency to enable other second communication devices 30 or sensor devices 20 to access the LoRa network based on the second LoRa network beacon.

[0236] In one possible implementation, the second communication device 30 is further configured to perform the following steps: S241: Scan the second WiFi network beacon, which is broadcast by the second communication device 30 to the upstream relay node or the master node directly connected to the LoRa network. S242: Send a fourth network entry request to the directly connected upstream relay node or directly connected master node to which the scanned second WiFi network beacon belongs, so as to join the WiFi network through cascading. S243: Uses its own EID as a network identifier and periodically broadcasts a WiFi network beacon.

[0237] In one possible implementation, the second communication device 30 is further configured to perform the following steps: S251: Receive the third broadcast frame broadcast by the second target node through the LoRa network; wherein the third broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the second target node; the second target node is its directly connected master node or its superior relay node; S252: During an idle time slot, send a time slot request to the second target node to determine the second transmission time slot allocated by the second target node.

[0238] In one possible implementation, the second communication device 30 is further configured to perform the following steps: S253: Broadcast a fourth broadcast frame periodically through the LoRa network at the third preset frequency; wherein the fourth broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of its own uplink time period; S254: Receive a time slot request sent by a third target node in an idle time slot; the third target node includes a subordinate relay node and / or sensor node directly connected to itself; S255: Based on the time slot request, allocate a third transmission time slot for the third target node during the uplink time period; In one possible implementation, the second communication device 30 is further configured to perform the following steps: S231: During the third transmission time slot, receive device status data reported by the third target node via the WiFi network; S232: Aggregate and cache the received device status data, and report it to the superior relay node or master node via WiFi network in the second transmission time slot.

[0239] In one possible implementation, sensor device 20 is also configured to perform the following steps: S341: Scan the third WiFi network beacon broadcast by the fourth target node; wherein, the fourth target node is the upstream relay node or the directly connected master node of the sensor device 20 in the LoRa network; S342: Send a fifth network entry request to the directly connected upstream relay node or directly connected master node to which the scanned third WiFi network beacon belongs, in order to join the WiFi network; S343: Receive the fifth broadcast frame broadcast by the fourth target node through the LoRa network; the fifth broadcast frame carries the idle time slot information of the fourth target node's uplink time period; S344: During an idle time slot, send a time slot request to the fourth target node to determine the fourth transmission time slot allocated by the fourth target node; S345: During the fourth transmission time slot, the device status data is reported to the fourth target node via the WiFi network.

[0240] In a specific implementation, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium may store a program, which, when executed, may include some or all of the steps in the various embodiments of the short-time substation monitoring method provided by the present invention. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0241] It is readily understood that, based on the several embodiments provided in this application, those skilled in the art can combine, split, or reorganize the embodiments of this application to obtain other embodiments, none of which exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0242] The above detailed embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A short-time substation monitoring method, characterized in that, Applied to a first communication device, the method includes: Responding to control commands, it establishes a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node; The LoRa network includes the master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect to the master node directly or via at least one of the relay nodes; the sensor node is a sensor device located at the device under test within the substation; the relay node is a second communication device. A wireless fidelity WiFi network is established based on the LoRa network; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network through the first communication device or the second communication device connected to it in the LoRa network; According to a first preset frequency, a first broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network so that the sensor device can collect device status data according to a preset collection period when it receives the first broadcast frame; The device status data reported by the sensor device via the WiFi network is received to perform substation monitoring based on the device status data.

2. The short-time substation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of responding to control commands and establishing a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node includes: A first LoRa network beacon is broadcast at a preset first frequency point, so that a first network access device sends a first network access request based on the first LoRa network beacon; wherein, the first network access device is the sensor device or the second communication device; Receive a first network access request sent by the first network access device through the first frequency point, and / or receive a first network access request forwarded by the first network access device through at least one relay node; the first network access request carries the device identifier (EID) of the first network access device; Based on the first network access request, verify whether the EID of the first network access device is within the EID of the device to be networked carried in the control command; If the verification passes, and the first network access device is the second communication device, a second frequency point is allocated to the first network access device, and a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent to the first network access device, enabling it to broadcast as a relay node on the second frequency point; different second communication devices correspond to different second frequency points; And / or, if the verification passes and the first network access device is the sensor device, a LoRa network access confirmation frame is sent to the first network access device, enabling it to join the LoRa network as a sensor node.

3. The short-time substation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the step of establishing a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node in response to control commands, the method further includes: The system periodically broadcasts a first WiFi network beacon to establish a WiFi connection with a terminal device; wherein the first WiFi network beacon is the EID of the first communication device; the terminal device is used to communicate with a cloud server to receive an electronic work order dispatched by the cloud server, the electronic work order being used at least to instruct the device under test; and the terminal device is used to generate the control command based on the electronic work order and send it to the first communication device. The device receives the control command sent by the terminal device through the WiFi network; wherein the control command includes the EID of the device to be networked. And, the establishment of a wireless fidelity WiFi network based on the LoRa network includes: Receive a second network access request from a second network access device; the second network access device is the sensor device or the second communication device that has joined the LoRa network as a sensor node or relay node and is directly connected to the master node; Based on the second network access request, perform WiFi network authentication on the second network access device; If the authentication is successful, and the second network access device is the second communication device, the second network access device is configured as a Mesh node so that the second network access device can join the WiFi network in a cascading manner; And / or, if authentication is successful, and the second network access device is the sensor device, configure the second network access device as a WiFi terminal node to join the WiFi network; And / or, the method further includes: The terminal device sends network status information and device status data to the terminal device; the terminal device is also used to perform edge computing on the device status data and upload the edge computing results and the device status data to the cloud server.

4. The short-time substation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the step of receiving the device status data reported by the sensor device via the WiFi network, the method further includes: According to the second preset frequency, a second broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network; wherein, the second broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the master node, so that the master node can receive the device status data during the uplink time period; Receive a time slot request sent by a first target node in an idle time slot; the first target node includes sensor nodes and / or relay nodes directly connected to the master node; Based on the time slot request, a first transmission time slot is allocated to the first target node during the uplink time period; And / or, The step of receiving device status data reported by the sensor device via the WiFi network includes: During the first transmission time slot, device status data reported by the first target node via the WiFi network is received; wherein, when the first target node is a relay node, the first target node is used to aggregate device status data of its directly connected sensor nodes and report it to the master node, and / or, to aggregate device status data aggregated by its subordinate relay nodes and report it to the master node.

5. A short-time substation monitoring method, characterized in that, Applied to a second communication device, the method includes: Join the LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node, and establish LoRa connections with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices as a relay node; wherein the LoRa network is established based on the method described in any one of claims 1-4; Receive the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upper-level relay node through the LoRa network, and forward the first broadcast frame to the lower-level relay node and / or sensor node; The device receives device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via a WiFi network, and forwards the device status data to the first communication device level by level through the WiFi network; the WiFi network is established based on the method described in any one of claims 1-4; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network through the first communication device or the second communication device connected to it in the LoRa network.

6. The short-time substation monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of joining the LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node and establishing LoRa connections with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices as a relay node includes: Listen for LoRa network beacons at various preset frequency points, where the LoRa network beacons are broadcast by the master node and / or other relay nodes; Based on the signal strength of the detected LoRa network beacons in descending order, a third network access request is sent sequentially at the frequency corresponding to each LoRa network beacon until a LoRa network access confirmation frame is received from the master node; wherein, the LoRa network access confirmation frame carries the second frequency allocated by the master node; The second LoRa network beacon is periodically broadcast on the second frequency point so that other second communication devices or sensor devices can access the LoRa network based on the second LoRa network beacon; And / or, after the step of joining the LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node and establishing LoRa connections with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices as a relay node, the method further includes: Scan for a second WiFi network beacon, which is broadcast by the second communication device to a directly connected upstream relay node or a directly connected master node in the LoRa network; Send a fourth network entry request to the directly connected upper-level relay node or directly connected master node to which the second WiFi network beacon belongs, so as to join the WiFi network in a cascading manner; It uses its own EID as a network identifier and periodically broadcasts WiFi network beacons.

7. The short-time substation monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Before the step of receiving device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via a WiFi network, the method further includes: Receive a third broadcast frame broadcast by the second target node through the LoRa network; wherein the third broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the second target node; the second target node is a directly connected master node or an upper-level relay node; During an idle time slot, a time slot request is sent to the second target node to determine the second transmission time slot allocated by the second target node; And / or, Before the step of receiving device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via a WiFi network, the method further includes: According to the third preset frequency, a fourth broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network; wherein, the fourth broadcast frame carries at least the idle time slot information of its own uplink time period; Receive a time slot request sent by a third target node in an idle time slot; the third target node includes a lower-level relay node and / or sensor node directly connected to itself; Based on the time slot request, a third transmission time slot is allocated to the third target node during the uplink time period; And / or, The step of receiving device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via the WiFi network, and forwarding the device status data to the first communication device level by level via the WiFi network, includes: During the third transmission time slot, device status data reported by the third target node through the WiFi network is received; The received device status data is aggregated and cached, and then reported to the upper-level relay node or master node via the WiFi network during the second transmission time slot.

8. A short-time substation monitoring method, characterized in that, Applied to sensor devices, the method includes: Join a LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node; in the LoRa network, the sensor device is a sensor node connected to a relay node or the master node; The LoRa network is established based on the method described in any one of claims 1-4; the LoRa network includes the master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect directly or via at least one of the relay nodes to the master node; the sensor node is a sensor device located at the device under test within a substation; the relay node is a second communication device; Receive the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upstream relay node through the LoRa network; In response to the first broadcast frame, device status data is collected according to a preset collection period; The device status data is reported to the first communication device via a WiFi network; wherein, when the sensor device is a sensor node connected to the master node through a relay node, the sensor device reports the device status data to the upper-level relay node via the WiFi network, and the upper-level relay node forwards the data to the first communication device level by level via the WiFi network; the WiFi network is established based on the method described in any one of claims 1-4; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network through the first communication device or the second communication device connected to it in the LoRa network.

9. The short-time substation monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of reporting the device status data to the first communication device via a WiFi network includes: Scan the third WiFi network beacon broadcast by the fourth target node; wherein, the fourth target node is the upstream relay node or the directly connected master node of the sensor device in the LoRa network; Send a fifth network entry request to the directly connected upstream relay node or directly connected master node to which the scanned third WiFi network beacon belongs, in order to join the WiFi network; Receive a fifth broadcast frame broadcast by the fourth target node through the LoRa network; the fifth broadcast frame carries the idle time slot information of the uplink time period of the fourth target node; During an idle time slot, a time slot request is sent to the fourth target node to determine the fourth transmission time slot allocated by the fourth target node; During the fourth transmission time slot, the device status data is reported to the fourth target node via the WiFi network.

10. A short-time substation monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a first communication device and a sensor device, and / or the system includes a first communication device, at least one second communication device, and a sensor device: The first communication device is configured as follows: Responding to control commands, it establishes a long-distance wireless communication LoRa network with itself as the master node; The LoRa network includes the master node, at least one sensor node, and zero or at least one relay node; the sensor node is used to connect to the master node directly or via at least one of the relay nodes; the sensor node is a sensor device located at the device under test within the substation; the relay node is a second communication device. A wireless fidelity WiFi network is established based on the LoRa network; the WiFi network is a mesh network with the first communication device as the root node; the sensor device joins the WiFi network through the first communication device or the second communication device connected to it in the LoRa network; According to a first preset frequency, a first broadcast frame is periodically broadcast through the LoRa network so that the sensor device can collect device status data according to a preset collection period when it receives the first broadcast frame; Receive device status data reported by the sensor devices via the WiFi network, and perform substation monitoring based on the device status data; The second communication device is configured as follows: Join the LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node, and establish LoRa connections with other second communication devices and / or sensor devices as a relay node; Receive the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upper-level relay node through the LoRa network, and forward the first broadcast frame to the lower-level relay node and / or sensor node; Receive device status data reported by lower-level relay nodes and / or sensor nodes via WiFi network, and forward the device status data to the first communication device level by level via WiFi network; The sensor device is configured to: Join a LoRa network with the first communication device as the master node; in the LoRa network, the sensor device is a sensor node connected to a relay node or the master node; Receive the first broadcast frame broadcast by the master node or the upstream relay node through the LoRa network; In response to the first broadcast frame, device status data is collected according to a preset collection period; The device status data is reported to the first communication device via a WiFi network; wherein, when the sensor device is a sensor node connected to the master node through a relay node, the sensor device reports the device status data to the upper-level relay node via the WiFi network, and the upper-level relay node forwards it to the first communication device level by level through the WiFi network.

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