A built-in self-powered system for a shield cutter arbor and a sensor adaptation method

Abstract

The application provides a built-in self-powered system of a shield cutter shaft, and relates to the technical field of tunneling equipment state monitoring.The system comprises an integrated cylindrical module coaxially embedded in an axial cavity of the shield cutter shaft, and is composed of a mechanical bearing unit, a piezoelectric transducing unit and a circuit management unit.The mechanical bearing unit comprises a circumferential anti-rotation structure and an axial locking structure, and realizes full-degree limiting;the piezoelectric transducing unit adopts PZT piezoelectric ceramics arranged in a horizontal and vertical space orthogonal manner, and synchronously captures radial impact and axial vibration generated by cutter cutting.The circuit management unit integrates rectification, SECE impedance matching, voltage stabilization and energy storage batteries.The application also discloses a method for adapting MEMS sensors, temperature sensors, strain sensors and wireless modules.The system does not need external wiring and battery replacement, has high energy collection efficiency, is reliable in anti-vibration and strong in universality, and is suitable for shield cutter full-life cycle maintenance-free online monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring equipment condition monitoring technology, and in particular to a self-powered system built into the cutter shaft of a shield tunneling machine and a sensor adaptation method. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling is currently the mainstream method for tunnel construction. As the core component for breaking rock in hard rock formations, the cutterhead's wear, stress, and temperature directly determine tunneling efficiency and construction safety. The industry's demand for online status monitoring of the cutterhead is increasingly urgent, but power supply remains a core bottleneck restricting the large-scale application of sensors built into rotating components. Wiring is difficult under cutterhead rotation conditions; traditional wired power supply relies on slip rings or conductive rings, which suffer from rapid wear and poor reliability. Battery replacement in a confined space requires shutdown and disassembly, resulting in high losses per shutdown, and battery life is only 3 to 6 months, making long-term online monitoring unsustainable.

[0003] In recent years, energy harvesting technology has been gradually applied to engineering equipment monitoring. Among them, piezoelectric energy harvesting has become the mainstream technology for self-powering rotating parts due to its high energy density, simple structure, and lack of electromagnetic interference. However, the current piezoelectric applications in the tunnel boring machine field are mostly concentrated on ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking (inverse piezoelectric effect), and there are very few mature solutions for vibration power generation.

[0004] Chinese patent CN201911213211 discloses a "magnetorheological elastomer and piezoelectric hybrid control shield cutterhead," which incorporates a piezoelectric device and an energy storage device inside the cutter body. The piezoelectric unit generates current under pressure, which is stored in the energy storage device to power an electromagnetic coil for adjusting the stiffness of the cutter shaft. Chinese patent CN114865854A discloses a "Shield machine cutterhead internal power supply device based on a plate generator," which uses a plate generator structure built into the cutterhead to power a monitoring device. Additionally, some solutions integrate an electromagnetic self-generating structure inside the cutter shaft, using orthogonally arranged dual eddy current sensors to detect cutterhead rotation speed and direction.

[0005] The aforementioned existing technologies still have the following shortcomings:

[0006] First, the energy utilization efficiency is low. Existing piezoelectric solutions are all arranged with force in a single direction, which can only capture the impact load in the main cutting direction. They cannot utilize the large amount of lateral vibration and off-center impact energy that exists during the rock breaking process of the roller cutter. The overall energy collection efficiency is insufficient, and the output power is difficult to support the long-term synchronous operation of multiple sensors.

[0007] Secondly, their reliability in service is insufficient. Existing solutions mostly install the components inside the tool body, directly bearing the alternating load transmitted by cutting impacts, and lack a dedicated anti-vibration locking structure. Under continuous strong vibration, module movement, piezoelectric ceramic breakage, and lead wire fatigue fracture are prone to occur. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-powered system for the cutter shaft of a tunnel boring machine and a sensor adaptation method to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A self-powered system built into the cutter shaft of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is provided. The self-powered system is an integrated cylindrical module coaxially embedded in the axial cavity of the TBM cutter shaft, and includes:

[0011] The mechanical support unit includes a housing, a circumferential anti-rotation structure disposed on the outer wall of the housing, and an axial locking structure, used to confine the integrated cylindrical module within the cutter shaft cavity with all degrees of freedom;

[0012] The piezoelectric transducer unit includes multiple sets of spatially orthogonally arranged piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which are fixedly installed inside the housing. The multiple sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets include a transverse piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the force direction in the radial direction and a vertical piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the force direction in the axial direction. They are used to capture the radial impact and axial vibration generated by the hobbing cutter, respectively, and convert mechanical energy into alternating charge through the positive piezoelectric effect.

[0013] The circuit management unit, including an energy harvesting control board and an energy storage battery, is disposed inside the housing and electrically connected to the piezoelectric transducer unit, and is used to convert the alternating charge into a stable DC voltage output.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0015] In one alternative: the circumferential anti-rotation structure includes at least one radially protruding fixing lug disposed on the outer wall of the housing, the fixing lug engaging with a pre-made anti-rotation groove on the inner wall of the cutter shaft to form a circumferential anti-rotation pair; the axial locking structure includes an annular step disposed at the end of the housing, the end cap of the shield cutterhead is threaded to apply axial preload, and the end face of the end cap is pressed against the annular step to form an axial locking pair.

[0016] In one alternative embodiment: the piezoelectric transducer unit comprises four sets of transverse piezoelectric ceramics and two sets of vertical piezoelectric ceramics, wherein:

[0017] The four sets of transverse piezoelectric ceramics are stacked along the axial direction of the cutter shaft, and their force direction is perpendicular to the axis of the cutter shaft, in order to capture the radial main impact generated by hobbing.

[0018] The two sets of vertical piezoelectric ceramics are arranged symmetrically along the radial direction of the cutter shaft, and their force direction is parallel to the axis of the cutter shaft, which is used to capture the axial load and axial vibration generated by the roller cutter breaking rock.

[0019] In one alternative: both the transverse piezoelectric ceramic and the vertical piezoelectric ceramic are PZT-5H series piezoelectric ceramic sheets. Multiple sets of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in parallel via flexible platinum electrode leads and then connected to the circuit management unit to achieve in-phase superposition output of multi-directional charges.

[0020] In one alternative: a buffer insulation layer is further provided between the piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the inner wall of the housing. The buffer insulation layer is made of high-density nitrile rubber sponge material, which is used to absorb impact loads and provide electrical insulation.

[0021] In one alternative: the energy harvesting control board integrates a full-wave rectifier bridge, a synchronous charge extraction SECE impedance matching network, a DC-DC voltage regulator chip, and an overvoltage protection circuit, used to convert the alternating pulses output by the piezoelectric transducer unit into a stable DC voltage output that is continuously adjustable from 1V to 5V.

[0022] In one alternative: the energy storage battery is a high-rate micro lithium iron phosphate cell, and the circuit management unit further includes a battery protection board, which has overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, overcurrent protection and short circuit protection functions.

[0023] In one alternative: the housing is a fully sealed structure welded by laser welding, and the lead wire outlet uses a glass sintered sealed terminal, achieving an IP68 protection level.

[0024] A sensor adaptation method, applied to the self-powered system built into the cutter shaft of the tunnel boring machine, includes the following steps:

[0025] Connect the adjustable DC 1V-5V output from the circuit management unit directly to the power supply terminal of the target sensor;

[0026] Adjust the output voltage of the circuit management unit to a matching value according to the operating voltage requirements of the target sensor;

[0027] The target sensor includes any one or more of the following: MEMS vibration acceleration sensor, digital temperature sensor, thin film strain / pressure sensor, and low-power wireless transmission module.

[0028] In one alternative: the circuit management unit performs intermittent power supply control on the target sensor, stopping or reducing power supply during the target sensor's sleep period, and providing peak current during the target sensor's sampling or transmission, the peak current being provided by the energy storage battery.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention integrates a modular multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesting system coaxially within the cavity of a standard tunnel boring machine cutter shaft. It employs four sets of horizontally and two sets of vertically orthogonally arranged PZT piezoelectric ceramics as transducer units to simultaneously capture radial impacts and axial vibrations generated during cutter cutting. Based on the positive piezoelectric effect, mechanical energy is converted into alternating charge. The module incorporates an impedance matching rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator unit, and an energy storage battery. The mechanical structure features a dual-limiting design with circumferential anti-rotation of the fixed lug and axial locking of the end cap steps, combined with vibration damping and insulation buffering, making it suitable for high-impact conditions. The system output is directly compatible with various low-power sensors and wireless communication modules, enabling passive, maintenance-free online monitoring of all cutter parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-powered shield cutter shaft built-in power supply system in this invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the integrated cylindrical module in this invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated cylindrical module in this invention.

[0035] Figure reference numerals: cutter shaft 100, integrated cylindrical module 200, mechanical load-bearing unit 300, housing 310, circumferential anti-rotation structure 320, axial locking structure 330, piezoelectric transducer unit 400, horizontal piezoelectric ceramic assembly 410, vertical piezoelectric ceramic assembly 420, buffer insulation layer 500, circuit management unit 600, energy storage battery 610, battery protection board 620, energy harvesting control board 630. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The left, right, up, and down positions of the various components shown in the attached diagram are just one arrangement method; the specific positions should be set according to specific needs.

[0038] In one embodiment, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, a shield tunneling cutter shaft with a built-in self-powered system is presented, which is in the form of an integrated cylindrical module 200 and coaxially embedded in the axial cavity of the shield tunneling cutter shaft 100. This cavity is a standard cylindrical hole reserved during the manufacturing of the cutter shaft 100, requiring no modification to the external interface of the cutter.

[0039] The integrated cylindrical module 200 is divided into three functional sections: a mechanical load-bearing unit 300, a piezoelectric transducer unit 400, and a circuit management unit 600. The functional sections are electrically connected by flexible wires and are encapsulated in a martensitic stainless steel shell.

[0040] The locking structure of the mechanical bearing unit 300 specifically includes a housing 310, a circumferential anti-rotation structure 320 disposed on the outer wall of the housing 310, and an axial locking structure 330, which are used to confine the integrated cylindrical module 200 to the cavity of the cutter shaft 100 with all degrees of freedom.

[0041] The piezoelectric transducer 400 includes multiple sets of spatially orthogonally arranged piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which are fixedly installed inside the housing 310. The multiple sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets include a transverse piezoelectric ceramic set 410 with the force direction in the radial direction and a vertical piezoelectric ceramic set 420 with the force direction in the axial direction, which are used to capture the radial impact and axial vibration generated by the hobbing cutter, respectively, and convert mechanical energy into alternating charge through the positive piezoelectric effect.

[0042] The circuit management unit 600 includes an energy harvesting control board 630 and an energy storage battery 610. Both the energy harvesting control board 630 and the energy storage battery 610 are disposed inside the housing 310 and are electrically connected to the piezoelectric transducer 400, and are used to convert the alternating charge into a stable DC voltage output.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the circumferential anti-rotation structure 320 consists of two radially protruding fixing ears symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the housing 310. These fixing ears 320 engage with the axially extending anti-rotation groove pre-fabricated on the inner wall of the cutter shaft 100. When the integrated cylindrical module 200 is installed into the cavity of the cutter shaft 100, the fixing ears are engaged in the anti-rotation groove, completely restricting the circumferential rotational freedom of the integrated cylindrical module 200 around the axis of the cutter shaft 100, thus preventing fatigue fracture of the lead wire due to torsion under continuous vibration.

[0044] The housing 310 is made of martensitic stainless steel and then laser-welded for full sealing. The lead wire outlet uses glass sintered sealed terminals. The overall protection level of the machine reaches IP68, which can resist the long-term intrusion of internal lubricating grease, moisture and dust in the cutter shaft.

[0045] The fixed ear periphery anti-rotation and end cap step axial locking full-degree-of-freedom limiting structure plays a role in shock absorption in conjunction with the buffer sponge.

[0046] The axial locking structure 330 is an annular step located at the end of the housing 310. When the end cap 110 of the hob is assembled by threaded locking, the end face of the end cap 110 is pressed axially onto the annular step, forming an axial locking pair with end face pressing fit. This structure converts the locking torque of the end cap 110 into axial preload, completely restricting the degree of freedom of movement of the integrated cylindrical module 200 along the axis of the cutter shaft 100, and preventing the piezoelectric ceramic sheet from being displaced and damaged under alternating impact.

[0047] The gap between the piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the inner wall of the housing 310 is filled with a buffer insulation layer 500, which is a high-density nitrile rubber sponge. This buffer insulation layer 500 can absorb peak impact acceleration of more than 15g, preventing the piezoelectric ceramic sheet from becoming brittle; at the same time, it provides electrical insulation to block stray signals from the housing 310 from interfering with the piezoelectric output.

[0048] The piezoelectric transducer 400 is equipped with a total of 6 sets of PZT-5H series piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which are arranged in a spatially orthogonal bidirectional manner.

[0049] Four sets of transverse piezoelectric ceramic sheets 410 are stacked along the cutter shaft 100. Each sheet can be 10mm in length, 10mm in width, and 2mm in thickness. Adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in parallel by copper foil electrodes. The force direction of these four sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets is radial (perpendicular to the cutter shaft axis), directly facing the main impact direction of the hob cutting, and is used to capture the longitudinal vibration main impact generated by the hob cutting the soil in the forward direction.

[0050] Two sets of vertical piezoelectric ceramic plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the housing 310 along the radial direction of the cutter shaft 100. The force direction is axial (parallel to the axis of the cutter shaft 100). They are used to capture the lateral vibration and axial movement energy caused by uneven rock hardness and eccentric loading of the cutter ring when the cutter is breaking rocks, as a supplementary recovery of lateral energy.

[0051] The lead electrodes of the six sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets all use flexible platinum electrode leads, which are connected in parallel and then connected to the energy harvesting control board 630. The parallel connection method is in-phase superposition. Even if there is a phase difference in vibration in different directions, the charge cancellation can be effectively avoided because each piezoelectric ceramic sheet is rectified independently before being combined, thus maximizing the convergence of energy in multiple directions.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will understand that the number of piezoelectric ceramic sheets is not limited to six sets. In other embodiments, it can be adjusted to other combinations of horizontal and vertical sets according to the size and power requirements of the cavity of the cutter shaft 100, as long as it includes at least one set of radially stressed piezoelectric elements and one set of axially stressed piezoelectric elements.

[0053] The circuit management unit consists of an energy harvesting control board 630, a battery protection board 620, and an energy storage battery 610.

[0054] The energy harvesting control board 630 integrates a full-wave rectifier bridge, a synchronous charge extraction SECE impedance matching network, a DC-DC voltage regulator chip, and an overvoltage protection circuit, converting the high-voltage alternating pulses of the piezoelectric output into stable DC, with the output voltage continuously adjustable from DC 1-5V. The battery protection board 620 has four protections: overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short circuit, adapting to the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries and improving cycle life by more than 3 times. The energy storage battery 610 uses high-rate micro lithium iron phosphate cells to smooth the pulse nature of the piezoelectric output, providing peak current for instantaneous high-power conditions such as wireless transmission of sensors, and ensuring power supply continuity.

[0055] The complete system workflow consists of three stages:

[0056] Energy capture stage: During shield tunneling, the reaction force generated by the cutter ring cutting the rock and soil is transmitted to the cutter shaft 100 through the cutter hub and bearings, causing the cutter shaft 100 to undergo a composite elastic deformation of radial impact and axial vibration. This deformation directly acts on the piezoelectric modules coaxially embedded in the cavity of the cutter shaft 100, causing the four sets of transverse piezoelectric ceramic groups 410 to be compressed radially and the two sets of vertical piezoelectric ceramic sheets 420 to be compressed axially.

[0057] Energy conversion stage: After the six sets of piezoelectric ceramics are forced to deform, the internal ferroelectric domains deflect along the stress direction, and the polarization intensity changes, inducing equal amounts of opposite charges on the upper and lower electrode surfaces. The open-circuit voltage of a single piece can reach 50V to 200V. The charges from each piece are collected by flexible leads and enter the energy harvesting control board 630. After full-wave rectification, SECE maximum power point tracking, and DC-DC regulation, a stable DC voltage of 1V~5V is output.

[0058] During the energy storage and power supply phase: the regulated output is divided into two paths: one path charges the energy storage battery 610 via the battery protection board 620 to store excess energy; the other path directly supplies power to the load sensor. When the vibration intensity is higher than the power generation threshold, the system simultaneously supplies power and charges; when the vibration intensity is lower than the power generation threshold, the system automatically switches to battery supplementation to maintain load operation, ensuring continuous power supply.

[0059] The output characteristics of this system are highly compatible with industrial-grade low-power sensors. The adaptation principle and method are as follows:

[0060] MEMS vibration accelerometer (e.g., ADXL345): Operating voltage 3.3V, sleep current 0.5μA, sampling current 200μA. After adjusting the system output to 3.3V, it is directly connected to the sensor power supply. Periodic sleep and wake-up control is achieved through the timer built into the energy harvesting control board. In 1-sampling-per-second mode, the average power consumption is <10μA. The sensor is used to monitor the vibration characteristics of hobs and can identify chipping and abnormal wear.

[0061] Digital temperature sensor (e.g., DS18B20): operating voltage 3.0-5.5V, operating current 1mA, standby current <0.1μA. The system provides 3.3V or 5V power supply. The sensor probe is attached to the inner wall of the cutter shaft 100 near the bearing to collect the bearing and cutter ring temperature in real time and provide early warning of overheating and burnout.

[0062] Thin-film strain / pressure sensor: excitation voltage 2-5V, quiescent current <500μA. The system provides a stable 5V excitation voltage and is equipped with a signal conditioning circuit (instrumentation amplifier + ADC) to monitor changes in hobbing load and stress.

[0063] Low-power wireless transmission module (BLE or LoRa): Sleep current <1μA, peak transmit current 5mA to 20mA. The peak transmit current is provided by the energy storage battery 610. With a 5-10 second intermittent transmission mode, the sensor data is wirelessly forwarded to the tool head receiver, realizing fully passive wireless monitoring.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Claims

1. A self-powered system built into the cutter shaft of a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, The self-powered system is an integrated cylindrical module, coaxially embedded in the axial cavity of the shield tunnel cutter shaft, and includes: The mechanical support unit includes a housing, a circumferential anti-rotation structure disposed on the outer wall of the housing, and an axial locking structure, used to confine the integrated cylindrical module within the cutter shaft cavity with all degrees of freedom; The piezoelectric transducer unit includes multiple sets of spatially orthogonally arranged piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which are fixedly installed inside the housing. The multiple sets of piezoelectric ceramic sheets include a transverse piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the force direction in the radial direction and a vertical piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the force direction in the axial direction. They are used to capture the radial impact and axial vibration generated by the hobbing cutter, respectively, and convert mechanical energy into alternating charge through the positive piezoelectric effect. The circuit management unit, including an energy harvesting control board and an energy storage battery, is disposed inside the housing and electrically connected to the piezoelectric transducer unit, and is used to convert the alternating charge into a stable DC voltage output.

2. The self-powered shield tunneling cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential anti-rotation structure includes at least one radially protruding fixing lug disposed on the outer wall of the housing. The fixing lug is fitted with a pre-made anti-rotation groove on the inner wall of the cutter shaft to form a circumferential anti-rotation pair. The axial locking structure includes an annular step disposed at the end of the housing. The end cap of the shield cutterhead is threaded to apply an axial preload. The end face of the end cap is pressed against the annular step to form an axial locking pair.

3. The self-powered shield tunneling cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric transducer unit includes four sets of transverse piezoelectric ceramics and two sets of vertical piezoelectric ceramics, wherein: The four sets of transverse piezoelectric ceramics are stacked along the axial direction of the cutter shaft, and their force direction is perpendicular to the axis of the cutter shaft, in order to capture the radial main impact generated by hobbing. The two sets of vertical piezoelectric ceramics are arranged symmetrically along the radial direction of the cutter shaft, and their force direction is parallel to the axis of the cutter shaft, which is used to capture the axial load and axial vibration generated by the roller cutter breaking rock.

4. The self-powered shield tunneling cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the horizontal and vertical piezoelectric ceramics are PZT-5H series piezoelectric ceramic sheets. Multiple sets of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in parallel via flexible platinum electrode leads and then connected to the circuit management unit to achieve in-phase superposition output of charges in multiple directions.

5. The self-powered shield tunneling cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A buffer insulation layer is also provided between the piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the inner wall of the housing. The buffer insulation layer is made of high-density nitrile rubber sponge material, which is used to absorb impact loads and provide electrical insulation.

6. The self-powered shield tunneling cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy harvesting control board integrates a full-wave rectifier bridge, a synchronous charge extraction (SECE) impedance matching network, a DC-DC voltage regulator chip, and an overvoltage protection circuit, which are used to convert the alternating pulses output by the piezoelectric transducer unit into a stable DC voltage output that is continuously adjustable from 1V to 5V.

7. The self-powered shield tunneling cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage battery is a high-rate micro lithium iron phosphate cell, and the circuit management unit also includes a battery protection board, which has overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, overcurrent protection and short circuit protection functions.

8. The self-powered shield tunnel cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is a fully sealed structure welded by laser welding, and the lead wire outlet uses a glass sintered sealed terminal, achieving an IP68 protection level.

9. A sensor adaptation method, characterized in that, The system, applied to the self-powered shield cutter shaft built-in power supply system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, includes the following steps: Connect the adjustable DC 1V-5V output from the circuit management unit directly to the power supply terminal of the target sensor; Adjust the output voltage of the circuit management unit to a matching value according to the operating voltage requirements of the target sensor; The target sensor includes any one or more of the following: MEMS vibration acceleration sensor, digital temperature sensor, thin film strain / pressure sensor, and low-power wireless transmission module.

10. The self-powered shield tunneling cutter shaft built-in power supply system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The circuit management unit performs intermittent power supply control on the target sensor, stopping or reducing power supply during the target sensor's sleep period, and providing peak current during the target sensor's sampling or transmission, the peak current being provided by the energy storage battery.

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