An artificial cultivation white birch polyporus substrate formula

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of artificial cultivation white birch mushroom matrix formula, including the following components by dry basis mass percentage: broadleaf wood chips 45%~65%; birch sawdust or birch bark powder 8%~20%; wheat bran 10%~20%.The application uses birch sawdust, birch bark powder and other broadleaf wood fiber materials as the main culture medium, and cooperates with wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal powder, corn cob powder and mineral regulating components to provide comprehensive carbon source, nitrogen source, vitamins and mineral nutrients for white birch mushroom growth, simultaneously utilizes the complex effect of sawdust, bark powder and corn cob powder to improve the loose degree, air permeability, water retention and structural stability of culture medium, controls the water content, pH value, inoculation amount, culture temperature, air humidity, illumination and ventilation conditions of culture medium, which can reduce the adverse effects caused by substrate compaction, waterlogging, hypoxia and nutrient imbalance on mycelial growth, and provide suitable growth conditions for subsequent fruit body induction and formation of white birch mushroom.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Chaga mushroom cultivation technology, and more specifically, to a substrate formula for artificially cultivating Chaga mushroom. Background Technology

[0002] Chaga mushroom is a medicinal fungus that mainly parasitizes or grows on broad-leaved trees such as birch. Traditionally, it is mostly collected from the wild. Due to its long natural growth cycle, special growth environment, uneven distribution of resources, and the fact that wild resources are greatly affected by season, climate and host tree species, the quality, yield and content of effective ingredients of raw materials fluctuate greatly.

[0003] Current methods for artificially cultivating Chaga mushrooms mainly include liquid fermentation culture, solid-state culture, log inoculation culture, and bag cultivation. However, ordinary sawdust culture medium has the following problems:

[0004] 1. The nutritional composition is relatively simple, and the mycelial growth rate is slow;

[0005] 2. It is difficult to simultaneously achieve good air permeability, water retention, and structural stability of the matrix;

[0006] 3. When the pH of the substrate is unsuitable, it is easy to cause contamination by other bacteria;

[0007] 3. Culture media mainly composed of sawdust or cottonseed hulls differ significantly from the natural host environment of Chaga mushroom.

[0008] 4. The fruiting body takes a long time to form, and the yield and morphological consistency are unstable;

[0009] 5. During the cultivation process, the substrate is prone to compaction, water loss, or excessively high local moisture content, which affects the normal growth of mycelium.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a substrate formula for artificially cultivating Chaga mushrooms to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a substrate formula for the artificial cultivation of Chaga mushrooms. The present invention uses birch sawdust, birch bark powder, and other broadleaf lignocellulosic materials as the main culture medium, supplemented with wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal powder, corn cob powder, and mineral conditioning components. This provides a relatively comprehensive source of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, and minerals for the growth of Chaga mushrooms. Simultaneously, the combined effect of sawdust, bark powder, and corn cob powder improves the looseness, air permeability, water retention, and structural stability of the culture medium. By controlling the moisture content, pH value, inoculum size, culture temperature, air humidity, light, and ventilation conditions of the culture medium, the adverse effects of substrate compaction, waterlogging, hypoxia, and nutrient imbalance on mycelial growth can be reduced. This improves the colonization and expansion of mycelia in the culture medium, enhances the stability, controllability, and raw material adaptability of the artificial cultivation process, and provides suitable growth conditions for the subsequent induction and formation of Chaga mushroom fruiting bodies, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a formulation for artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate, comprising the following components by dry weight percentage:

[0013] Broadleaf wood chips 45%–65%;

[0014] 8%–20% birch wood chips or birch bark powder;

[0015] Wheat bran 10%–20%;

[0016] Corn cob powder 5%–15%;

[0017] 3%–10% soybean meal or rice bran;

[0018] 1%–3% gypsum powder;

[0019] Calcium carbonate 0.5%–2%;

[0020] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%–0.5%;

[0021] Magnesium sulfate 0.05%–0.2%;

[0022] Humic acid or humate salts 0.2%–1.0%.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the culture medium has a water content of 55% to 65% and a pH value of 5.0 to 6.5, and the broadleaf wood chips are selected from one or more of birch, poplar, elm, beech, and maple wood chips.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the broadleaf wood chips is 1 to 5 mm, and the particle size of the birch wood chips or birch bark powder is 0.5 to 3 mm.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the corn cob powder has a particle size of 1 to 4 millimeters.

[0026] A method for preparing an artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate, comprising the artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate formula described in any one of the above-mentioned methods and the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Screen and remove impurities from each solid raw material;

[0028] Step 2: Mix all solid raw materials evenly according to the formula ratio;

[0029] Step 3: Add water to adjust the moisture content of the culture medium to 55%–65%;

[0030] Step 4: Fill the humidified culture medium into culture bags or culture bottles;

[0031] Step 5: Sterilize at 118–123℃ for 90–150 minutes;

[0032] Step 6: Cool to below 25°C to obtain the artificial culture medium for Chaga mushroom.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 5.0–6.5 using calcium carbonate.

[0034] A method for artificially cultivating Chaga mushroom, comprising the artificial cultivation Chaga mushroom substrate formula described in any one of the above-mentioned methods and the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Inoculate the Chaga mushroom strain into the artificial Chaga substrate as described in any one of claims 1-4, with an inoculation amount of 3% to 10% of the wet weight of the substrate;

[0036] Step 2: Conduct mycelial culture at 22–28℃ and 65%–80% relative humidity;

[0037] Step 3: After the mycelium covers the culture medium, adjust the temperature to 15-24℃ and the relative humidity to 75%-90%, and induce light diffusion to promote the formation of Chaga fruiting bodies.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the strain is one of Chaga mushroom liquid strain, solid strain, or strain block.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the mycelial culture stage employs light-protected or low-light culture for 30–90 days.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the fruiting body induction stage employs 4 to 10 hours of diffused light irradiation per day.

[0041] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0042] 1. This invention uses broadleaf sawdust as the main carbon source and lignocellulose source, and the culture substrate structure is closer to the natural host environment of Chaga mushroom, which is conducive to mycelial attachment and extension;

[0043] 2. This invention supplements the culture medium with lignin, cellulose and related organic matter from natural host sources by adding birch wood chips or birch bark powder, which helps to improve the mycelial growth environment;

[0044] 3. The wheat bran, soybean meal powder or rice bran in this invention can supplement organic nitrogen, amino acids, vitamins and trace nutrients, avoiding the nutritional deficiencies of a single sawdust culture medium;

[0045] 4. The corn cob powder in this invention can improve the porosity and aeration of the substrate, reduce the risk of substrate compaction, and provide a certain slow-release carbon source.

[0046] 5. The gypsum powder, calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in this invention can improve the mineral composition of the culture medium and regulate the pH and salt balance of the substrate.

[0047] 6. The humic acid or humate salt in this invention helps to improve the buffering capacity and water retention capacity of the substrate, making the water content of the substrate more stable during the cultivation process;

[0048] 7. By controlling the moisture content, particle size, and packing density, this invention can achieve a balance between water retention and air permeability, reducing poor mycelial growth caused by water accumulation or lack of water;

[0049] 8. The raw materials for this invention are widely available, and the preparation process is relatively simple, making it suitable for bag culture, bottle culture, and other solid culture methods;

[0050] 9. This invention uses birch sawdust, birch bark powder, and other broadleaf lignocellulose materials as the main culture medium, combined with wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal powder, corn cob powder, and mineral conditioning components, to provide a relatively comprehensive source of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, and minerals for the growth of Chaga mushroom. Simultaneously, the combined effect of sawdust, bark powder, and corn cob powder improves the looseness, air permeability, water retention, and structural stability of the culture medium. By controlling the moisture content, pH value, inoculum size, culture temperature, air humidity, light, and ventilation conditions of the culture medium, the adverse effects of substrate compaction, waterlogging, hypoxia, and nutrient imbalance on mycelial growth can be reduced. This improves the colonization and expansion of mycelium in the culture medium, enhances the stability, controllability, and adaptability of the artificial culture process, and provides suitable growth conditions for the subsequent induction and formation of Chaga mushroom fruiting bodies. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] This invention provides a formulation for artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate, comprising the following components by dry weight percentage:

[0053] Broadleaf wood chips 45%–65%;

[0054] 8%–20% birch wood chips or birch bark powder;

[0055] Wheat bran 10%–20%;

[0056] Corn cob powder 5%–15%;

[0057] 3%–10% soybean meal or rice bran;

[0058] 1%–3% gypsum powder;

[0059] Calcium carbonate 0.5%–2%;

[0060] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%–0.5%;

[0061] Magnesium sulfate 0.05%–0.2%;

[0062] Humic acid or humate salts 0.2%–1.0%.

[0063] The culture medium has a water content of 55%–65% and a pH value of 5.0–6.5. The broadleaf wood chips are selected from one or more of birch, poplar, elm, beech, and maple wood chips.

[0064] The particle size of the broadleaf wood chips is 1-5 mm, and the particle size of the birch wood chips or birch bark powder is 0.5-3 mm.

[0065] The corn cob powder has a particle size of 1 to 4 mm.

[0066] A method for preparing an artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate, comprising the artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate formula described in any one of the above-mentioned methods and the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Screen and remove impurities from each solid raw material;

[0068] Step 2: Mix all solid raw materials evenly according to the formula ratio;

[0069] Step 3: Add water to adjust the moisture content of the culture medium to 55%–65%;

[0070] Step 4: Fill the humidified culture medium into culture bags or culture bottles;

[0071] Step 5: Sterilize at 118–123℃ for 90–150 minutes;

[0072] Step 6: Cool to below 25°C to obtain the artificial culture medium for Chaga mushroom.

[0073] The pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 5.0–6.5 using calcium carbonate.

[0074] A method for artificially cultivating Chaga mushroom, comprising the artificial cultivation Chaga mushroom substrate formula described in any one of the above-mentioned methods and the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Inoculate the Chaga mushroom strain into the artificial Chaga substrate as described in any one of claims 1-4, with an inoculation amount of 3% to 10% of the wet weight of the substrate;

[0076] Step 2: Conduct mycelial culture at 22–28℃ and 65%–80% relative humidity;

[0077] Step 3: After the mycelium covers the culture medium, adjust the temperature to 15-24℃ and the relative humidity to 75%-90%, and induce light diffusion to promote the formation of Chaga fruiting bodies.

[0078] The strain is one of the following: Chaga mushroom liquid strain, solid strain, or strain block.

[0079] During the mycelial culture stage, light-protected or low-light culture is used, and the culture time is 30 to 90 days.

[0080] During the fruiting body induction stage, the fruiting body is irradiated with diffused light for 4 to 10 hours per day.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] Weigh out the following based on dry weight:

[0083] 52 kg of poplar sawdust;

[0084] 12 kg of birch bark powder;

[0085] 15 kg of wheat bran;

[0086] 10 kg of corn cob powder;

[0087] 6 kg of soybean meal powder;

[0088] 2 kg of gypsum powder;

[0089] 1 kg of calcium carbonate;

[0090] 0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

[0091] 0.1 kg of magnesium sulfate;

[0092] 0.6 kg of humic acid.

[0093] After mixing the above raw materials evenly, add water to adjust the moisture content to about 60%, and put them into culture bags. Each bag contains about 1.0 to 1.5 kg of wet material. Sterilize at 121℃ for 120 minutes. After cooling, inoculate with Chaga mushroom spawn at a rate of 5% of the wet substrate mass.

[0094] The mycelial culture temperature is controlled at around 25℃ for about 50 to 75 days. After the mycelium completely covers the substrate, the temperature is lowered to 18 to 22℃, the air humidity is increased, and diffused light is used for induction.

[0095] This embodiment uses poplar sawdust and birch bark powder as the main lignocellulose raw materials, combined with wheat bran, soybean meal, and corn cob powder, to provide a relatively balanced source of carbon, nitrogen, and mineral nutrients for the growth of Chaga mycelium. Poplar sawdust and birch bark powder help to construct a suitable lignocellulose matrix environment, while corn cob powder improves the pore structure and aeration of the culture medium, reducing the risk of substrate compaction. Simultaneously, by controlling the moisture content and pH value of the culture medium, it is beneficial to maintain stable substrate humidity and pH, making it suitable for Chaga mycelium cultivation and subsequent fruiting body induction.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] Weigh out the following based on dry weight:

[0098] 60 kg of birch wood chips;

[0099] 10 kg of birch bark powder;

[0100] 12 kg of wheat bran;

[0101] 8 kg of corn cob powder;

[0102] 6 kg of rice bran;

[0103] 2 kg of gypsum powder;

[0104] 1.2 kg of calcium carbonate;

[0105] 0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

[0106] 0.1 kg of magnesium sulfate;

[0107] 0.4 kg of humic acid.

[0108] Add water to a moisture content of 58%–62%, adjust the pH to 5.5–6.0, pack into bags, sterilize, and then inoculate. This formula is suitable for culture methods using birch-derived raw materials as the main substrate.

[0109] This embodiment uses birch sawdust as the main culture medium, supplemented with birch bark powder, wheat bran, rice bran, and mineral conditioning components. This results in a high proportion of birch-derived lignocellulose in the culture medium, which is beneficial for simulating the natural host environment of Chaga mushroom. Wheat bran and rice bran supplement organic nitrogen, vitamins, and other nutrients, while gypsum powder, calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate improve the mineral composition and pH buffering capacity of the substrate, thereby helping to reduce uneven mycelial growth caused by a single nutrient source or fluctuations in substrate pH.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] The following formula is used in this embodiment:

[0112] Birch wood chips: 50%;

[0113] Poplar sawdust: 15%;

[0114] Birch bark powder: 10%;

[0115] Wheat bran: 12%;

[0116] Corn cob powder: 7%;

[0117] Soybean meal powder: 3%;

[0118] Gypsum powder: 1.5%;

[0119] Calcium carbonate: 1%;

[0120] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.3%;

[0121] Magnesium sulfate: 0.1%;

[0122] Humic acid: 0.1%.

[0123] This embodiment uses a composite lignocellulose system composed of birch sawdust, poplar sawdust, and birch bark powder, which can balance the relevant components of the natural host of Chaga mushroom and the structural stability of the culture medium. By adding corn cob powder, the porosity of the substrate can be increased and the aeration can be improved, reducing the risk of substrate compaction, local water accumulation, and hypoxia during the cultivation process; wheat bran and soybean meal can supplement organic nitrogen, amino acids, and vitamins, while potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate can supplement mineral elements such as phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; with appropriate moisture content, pH value, and cultivation temperature, it is conducive to the uniform expansion of Chaga mushroom mycelium in the substrate and the subsequent induction of fruiting bodies.

[0124] Example 4

[0125] The following formula is used in this embodiment:

[0126] Broadleaf wood chips: 58%;

[0127] Birch bark powder: 8%;

[0128] Wheat bran: 12%;

[0129] Rice bran: 8%;

[0130] Corn cob powder: 8%;

[0131] Soybean meal powder: 1.5%;

[0132] Gypsum powder: 2%;

[0133] Calcium carbonate: 1.5%;

[0134] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.3%;

[0135] Magnesium sulfate: 0.1%;

[0136] Humic acid: 0.6%.

[0137] The broadleaf wood chips are a mixture of poplar, elm, and maple wood chips in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0138] This embodiment uses a composite broadleaf sawdust composed of poplar, elm, and maple sawdust, with wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal, and corn cob powder as nutrient and structural conditioning components. This reduces dependence on a single sawdust source and adapts to culture conditions from different broadleaf sawdust sources. The composite sawdust helps improve the particle size distribution and structural stability of the substrate. Wheat bran and rice bran provide relatively rich organic nutrients, corn cob powder improves substrate porosity and aeration, and gypsum powder and calcium carbonate play a role in structural regulation and acid-base buffering. Therefore, it is suitable for various solid culture methods such as culture bags and culture bottles.

[0139] Example 5

[0140] The following formula is used in this embodiment:

[0141] Birch wood chips: 45%;

[0142] Other hardwood sawdust: 15%;

[0143] Birch bark powder: 15%;

[0144] Wheat bran: 10%;

[0145] Corn cob powder: 8%;

[0146] Soybean meal powder: 3%;

[0147] Gypsum powder: 2%;

[0148] Calcium carbonate: 1%;

[0149] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.4%;

[0150] Magnesium sulfate: 0.1%;

[0151] Humic acid: 0.5%.

[0152] The other broadleaf wood chips mentioned are poplar or elm wood chips.

[0153] This embodiment increases the proportion of birch sawdust and birch bark powder in the culture substrate, enriching the substrate with birch-derived lignocellulose components, which is beneficial for constructing culture conditions that closely resemble the natural growth environment of Chaga mushrooms. Simultaneously, by combining birch sawdust with other broadleaf sawdust, the particle size distribution, aeration, and structural stability of the substrate can be improved. The lower moisture content helps reduce the risk of water accumulation and substrate over-wetting during cultivation. Combined with appropriate mycelial culture cycles, temperature regulation, humidity control, and diffused light induction, this improves the stability of the cultivation process and provides suitable conditions for the formation of Chaga mushroom fruiting bodies.

[0154] This invention uses birch sawdust, birch bark powder, and other broadleaf lignocellulose materials as the main culture medium, supplemented with wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal powder, corn cob powder, and mineral conditioning components. This provides a relatively comprehensive source of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, and minerals for the growth of Chaga mushrooms. Simultaneously, the combined effect of sawdust, bark powder, and corn cob powder improves the looseness, air permeability, water retention, and structural stability of the culture medium. By controlling the moisture content, pH value, inoculum size, culture temperature, air humidity, light, and ventilation conditions of the culture medium, the adverse effects of substrate compaction, waterlogging, hypoxia, and nutrient imbalance on mycelial growth can be reduced. This improves the colonization and expansion of mycelia in the culture medium, enhances the stability, controllability, and adaptability of the artificial culture process, and provides suitable growth conditions for the subsequent induction and formation of Chaga mushroom fruiting bodies.

[0155] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formulation for an artificially cultivated birch polypore substrate, characterized in that, Based on dry weight percentage, it includes the following components: Broadleaf wood chips 45%–65%; 8%–20% birch wood chips or birch bark powder; Wheat bran 10%–20%; Corn cob powder 5%–15%; 3%–10% soybean meal or rice bran; 1%–3% gypsum powder; Calcium carbonate 0.5%–2%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%–0.5%; Magnesium sulfate 0.05%–0.2%; Humic acid or humate salts 0.2%–1.0%.

2. The formulation for artificially cultivated birch polypore substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture medium has a water content of 55%–65% and a pH value of 5.0–6.

5. The broadleaf wood chips are selected from one or more of birch, poplar, elm, beech, and maple wood chips.

3. The formulation for an artificially cultivated birch polypore substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the broadleaf wood chips is 1-5 mm, and the particle size of the birch wood chips or birch bark powder is 0.5-3 mm.

4. The formulation for artificially cultivated birch polypore substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corn cob powder has a particle size of 1 to 4 mm.

5. A method for preparing an artificially cultivated birch polypore substrate, characterized in that, The formula for an artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate as described in any one of claims 1-4, and the following steps: Step 1: Screen and remove impurities from each solid raw material; Step 2: Mix all solid raw materials evenly according to the formula ratio; Step 3: Add water to adjust the moisture content of the culture medium to 55%–65%; Step 4: Fill the humidified culture medium into culture bags or culture bottles; Step 5: Sterilize at 118–123℃ for 90–150 minutes; Step 6: Cool to below 25°C to obtain the artificial culture medium for Chaga mushroom.

6. The method for preparing an artificially cultivated birch polypore substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 5.0–6.5 using calcium carbonate.

7. A method for artificially cultivating Chaga mushroom, characterized in that, The formula for an artificially cultivated Chaga mushroom substrate as described in any one of claims 1-4, and the following steps: Step 1: Inoculate the Chaga mushroom strain into the artificial Chaga substrate as described in any one of claims 1-4, with an inoculation amount of 3% to 10% of the wet weight of the substrate; Step 2: Conduct mycelial culture at 22–28℃ and 65%–80% relative humidity; Step 3: After the mycelium covers the culture medium, adjust the temperature to 15-24℃ and the relative humidity to 75%-90%, and induce light diffusion to promote the formation of Chaga fruiting bodies.

8. The method for artificially cultivating Chaga mushroom according to claim 7, characterized in that: The strain is one of the following: Chaga mushroom liquid strain, solid strain, or strain block.

9. A method for artificially cultivating Chaga mushroom according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the mycelial culture stage, light-protected or low-light culture is used, and the culture time is 30 to 90 days.

10. A method for artificially cultivating Chaga mushroom according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the fruiting body induction stage, the fruiting body is irradiated with diffused light for 4 to 10 hours per day.