A method for quality control of celeriac leaf flavoring cultivation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of Eryngium leaf blade fragrance quality control cultivation methods, it is related to the technical field of quality control of spice leaf facility cultivation;The method establishes Eryngium cultivation batch, sets up fragrance index group, commodity quality index group, stage control parameter group, target fragrance interval and commodity suitable interval;In leaf expansion period, execute leaf expansion management, in quality balance period, execute fragrance balance management according to fragrance and commodity quality combination state, promote key fragrance component accumulation and limit quality decline in pre-harvest fragrance induction period;Then, through fragrance coordination determination, determine the harvesting window and harvest Eryngium leaf blade, and the data corresponding to the harvesting window is used as batch correction data for the next cultivation batch management;The application can improve the accumulation stability of key fragrance components of Eryngium leaf blade, and maintain leaf tenderness, color, integrity and batch quality consistency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of facility cultivation and quality control technology for aromatic leafy vegetables, specifically to a method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves. More specifically, it discloses a cultivation method that uses key aroma components and commercial quality indicators of eryngium leaves as control targets, and achieves stable accumulation of key aroma components and consistent commercial quality of eryngium leaves through staged regulation of fertilizer, water and light during the leaf expansion period, quality balance period and pre-harvest aroma induction period, aroma and quality synergy determination, harvest window determination and batch correction. Background Technology

[0002] Eryciline, also known as spiny coriander or long-leaved coriander, is a spicy leafy vegetable with a distinctive aroma. Its edible part is mainly the leaves. The intensity of the aroma, tenderness, color, integrity, and post-harvest condition of the leaves directly affect its commercial value. Current cultivation of eryciline usually aims to improve the survival rate, increase the yield of fresh leaves, improve the appearance of the leaves, or simulate the wild growing environment. This is achieved through measures such as site selection and land preparation, shading and moisture retention, application of organic or compound fertilizers, controlled watering, pest and disease control, and timely harvesting to promote the vegetative growth of the plant and obtain marketable leaves. Since the characteristic flavor of eryciline leaves is closely related to volatile aroma components, in addition to focusing on the amount of leaf growth, it is also necessary to take into account the formation and accumulation of key aroma components in the leaves during cultivation.

[0003] In actual production, the cultivation and management of eryngium leaves largely relies on planting experience for adjustment. During the seedling and leaf expansion stages, moderate shading, sufficient water, and nitrogen fertilizer supply are usually used to promote rapid leaf expansion, resulting in larger leaf area and better appearance. During the growing season, topdressing, watering, and shading are carried out according to leaf color, growth vigor, and soil moisture to maintain tender leaves and uniformity of marketability. Before harvesting, the harvesting time is mainly determined based on leaf size, plant height, or market demand. This type of management can improve leaf yield and marketability to a certain extent, but its control is usually focused on plant growth and appearance quality, lacking a comprehensive judgment on the relationship between key aroma components, nitrate accumulation, leaf fibrosis, leaf water content, and harvesting window.

[0004] However, the aroma formation and commercial quality maintenance of eryngium leaves are not entirely synchronized. Higher nitrogen fertilizer, continuous moisture retention, and strong shading are beneficial for leaf enlargement, greening, and tenderness, but they can easily lead to a weakening of leaf flavor, insufficient accumulation of key aroma components, or significant differences in aroma between batches. Conversely, reducing the supply of readily available nitrogen, increasing light exposure, or implementing mild water control may promote the formation of some aroma components, but it can easily cause thickening of leaves, fibrosis, aging of leaf margins, increased risk of wilting, or a decline in harvest marketability. Existing eryngium cultivation methods lack a phased cultivation rule that uses both key aroma components and commercial quality indicators as control targets. It is difficult to adjust fertilizer, water, and light management and pre-harvest induction conditions in a timely manner based on changes in aroma and commercial quality indicators, and it is also difficult to determine the harvest window where the aroma meets the standards and the commercial quality is still within the appropriate range. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a cultivation method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves, so as to improve the stability of key aroma component accumulation and the consistency of quality between different harvest batches while maintaining leaf tenderness, color, and commercial integrity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves. This method addresses the problem that existing eryngium cultivation methods mainly rely on empirical fertilizer, water, and light management or simulated wild cultivation conditions, making it difficult to integrate the accumulation of key aroma components in the leaves with the maintenance of leaf commercial quality into the cultivation regulation process. This results in eryngium leaves having good appearance quality but insufficient aroma, or enhanced aroma but thicker leaves, fibrosis, aging leaf margins, and an increased risk of wilting. The invention achieves simultaneous monitoring, phased adjustment, pre-harvest aroma induction, harvest window determination, and batch correction of eryngium leaf aroma indicators and commercial quality indicators. This improves the stability of the accumulation of key aroma components in eryngium leaves and maintains the tenderness, color, integrity, and batch quality consistency of the leaves.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaf cultivation, comprising the following steps: S1. Establish a eryngium cultivation batch, and set an aroma index group to characterize the aroma formation state of the leaves, a commodity quality index group to characterize the commodity quality maintenance state of the leaves, a stage control parameter group to adjust the cultivation conditions, a target aroma range, and a commodity suitable range in the eryngium cultivation batch. S2. During the leaf expansion period, the stage control parameter group is called according to the leaf expansion status in the commodity quality index group to implement leaf expansion management, so that the eryngium plant forms the leaf base for subsequent aroma control. S3. During the quality balance period, the stage control parameter group is called to perform aroma balance management according to the corresponding changes between the aroma index group and the product quality index group, so that the aroma formation basis of the leaves and the product quality of the leaves are matched. S4. During the pre-harvest aroma induction period, the stage control parameter group is called to implement pre-harvest aroma induction management based on the accumulation status of key aroma components in the aroma index group and the risk status of commodity quality in the commodity quality index group, so that key aroma components enter the target aroma range before harvest and limit the decline in leaf commodity quality. S5. Jointly determine the aroma index group and the product quality index group to generate a synergistic aroma quality determination result. S6. When the aroma synergy judgment results show that the aroma index group reaches the target aroma range and the commodity quality index group is in the commodity suitable range, determine the harvest window and harvest the eryngium leaves. S7. Use the aroma index group, commodity quality index group and stage control parameter group corresponding to the harvest window as batch correction data to correct the aroma enhancement and quality control management of the next batch of eryngium cultivation.

[0007] In S1 of this invention, the *Eryngium arvense* cultivation batch is used to ensure that *Eryngium arvense* plants within the same batch have comparable cultivation foundations. S11: *Eryngium arvense* cultivation batches are divided according to the same sowing time, the same seedling conditions, the same transplanting time, the same cultivation area, and the same basic cultivation substrate. S12: Within each *Eryngium arvense* cultivation batch, *Eryngium arvense* plants with growth at the batch average are selected as indicator collection plants. S13: The indicator collection plants are respectively mapped to indicator collection nodes at the leaf expansion stage, quality balance stage, and pre-harvest aroma induction stage, forming continuously corresponding indicator collection objects. This ensures that the aroma indicators and commercial quality indicators within the same *Eryngium arvense* cultivation batch can be continuously correlated, avoiding distortion of indicator judgment caused by different plants, different regions, or different collection times.

[0008] In S1 of this invention, based on continuously corresponding index collection objects, S14, at least two of the following are set as aroma index groups: content of key aldehyde aroma components, proportion of key aldehyde aroma components to total volatile aroma components, total volatile oil content, and electronic nose aroma response value. The key aldehyde aroma components include at least one of (E)-2-dodecenal, dodecanal, decanal, and nonanal. S15, at least three of the following are set as commercial quality index groups: leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, nitrate content, degree of leaf fibrosis, leaf integrity rate, and bolting state. S16, at least four of the following are set as stage control parameter groups: shading rate, substrate or soil moisture content, available nitrogen supply, potassium supply, calcium and magnesium supply, effective daytime light intensity, supplemental lighting duration, irrigation amount, and diurnal temperature range. This forms a set of aroma, quality, and control parameters corresponding to the index collection objects, establishing an executable correspondence between aroma formation, commercial quality, and cultivation measures.

[0009] In S1 of this invention, the target aroma range refers to the target range of the aroma index group when the eryngium leaves achieve the expected aroma enhancement effect, and the commercially suitable range refers to the target range of the commercial quality index group when the eryngium leaves maintain marketable quality. Both can be preset according to the planting variety, target market, harvesting specifications, testing methods and production experience, or can be adjusted according to the batch correction data of the previous eryngium cultivation batch. The target aroma range is not limited to the absolute value of a single aroma component, and the commercially suitable range is not limited to the qualified value of a single appearance index. Instead, the aroma index group and the commercial quality index group jointly constrain pre-harvest management and harvesting window, so that this method can avoid sacrificing the commercial quality of the leaves by simply pursuing aroma enhancement, and also avoid insufficient aroma by simply pursuing leaf fresh weight and appearance.

[0010] In S2 of this invention, the leaf expansion period is mainly used to form the leaf foundation required for subsequent aroma enhancement regulation. Leaf expansion management is performed based on the set of aroma, quality, and regulation parameters. S21: When the leaf length, leaf width, or number of leaves is lower than the corresponding expansion benchmark, the substrate or soil moisture content is increased and the available nitrogen supply is maintained to promote leaf expansion and uniformity of the plant population. S22: When the leaf color value is higher than the preset upper limit of leaf color and the nitrate content is close to the preset upper limit of nitrate, the available nitrogen supply is reduced and the potassium supply is increased to limit excessive leaf growth and excessive nitrate accumulation. S23: When the leaf thickness is lower than the preset lower limit of thickness and the leaf moisture content is higher than the preset upper limit of moisture content, the shading rate or the amount of water applied at one time is reduced to avoid the leaves being too tender and having too high a water content, which would affect the subsequent aroma formation foundation. Through the above leaf expansion management, the leaf expansion speed, leaf structure strength, and subsequent aroma formation foundation are kept in harmony to obtain the leaf foundation for entering the quality balance period.

[0011] In S3 of this invention, the quality balance period builds upon the leaf foundation obtained during the leaf expansion period to address the asynchrony between the growth status, aroma formation status, and commercial quality maintenance status of eryngium leaves. Aroma balance management first categorizes eryngium leaf status types based on the combined state of aroma and commercial quality indicator groups. These leaf status types include excessive growth, insufficient aroma, and aging quality. Excessive growth is characterized by a leaf color value higher than the preset upper limit and nitrate content close to the preset upper limit. Insufficient aroma is characterized by commercial quality indicator groups within the suitable range and key aldehyde aroma component content below the stage aroma lower limit. Aging quality is characterized by an increase in key aldehyde aroma component content and leaf thickness, leaf fibrosis degree, or bolting status approaching the preset risk upper limit. Through this categorization, the management actions during the quality balance period no longer rely solely on leaf color and growth experience but simultaneously consider insufficient aroma accumulation, excessive leaf growth, and the risk of quality aging.

[0012] In S3 of this invention, based on the leaf state type of eryngium used to perform aroma balance regulation, the stage control parameter group is continuously called. S31: When the leaf state type of eryngium is vigorous growth, the supply of available nitrogen is reduced and the supply of potassium is increased to inhibit excessive vegetative growth and reduce leaf vegetative growth. S32: When the leaf state type of eryngium is insufficient aroma, the shading rate is reduced or the effective daytime light intensity is increased, and the supply of available nitrogen is adjusted to a level lower than that during the leaf expansion period to promote the establishment of the aroma formation basis. S33: When the leaf state type of eryngium is aging, the substrate or soil moisture content is increased, the calcium and magnesium supply is maintained, and the effective daytime light intensity is reduced to delay leaf thickening, fibrosis, and bolting risk. Thus, the aroma balance management forms a continuous regulation between inhibiting leaf vegetative growth, promoting the aroma formation basis, and delaying the decline in commercial quality, thereby obtaining the aroma balance state before entering the pre-harvest aroma induction period.

[0013] In S4 of this invention, the aroma balance state obtained during the pre-harvest aroma induction period is used to promote the entry of key aroma components into the target aroma range before harvest and to prevent the aroma induction measures from causing a decline in the commercial quality of the leaves. S41: Pre-harvest aroma induction is initiated when the commercial quality index group is in the commercial suitable range and the aroma index group is lower than the target aroma range. S42: During the pre-harvest aroma induction process, at least two of the following are taken: reducing the supply of available nitrogen, increasing the supply of potassium, maintaining the supply of calcium and magnesium, increasing the effective light intensity during the day, extending the time of low-intensity supplemental lighting, reducing the amount of water applied at one time, and increasing the diurnal temperature range, so that the leaves of Erycibe form a cultivation environment conducive to the accumulation of key aroma components before harvest. S43: When the leaf moisture content is lower than the preset lower limit of moisture content, the leaf thickness is higher than the preset upper limit of thickness, the degree of leaf fibrosis is close to the preset upper limit of fibrosis, or the bolting state is close to the preset bolting risk, the execution intensity of the pre-harvest aroma induction management is reduced or the control action to enhance aroma induction is stopped, thereby obtaining the pre-harvest aroma quality state for joint judgment.

[0014] In S5 of this invention, based on the pre-harvest aroma quality status used for joint judgment, the pre-harvest aroma quality status is transformed into a decision-making basis for harvesting or further control. S51, the aroma index group is compared with the target aroma range to obtain the aroma compliance status; S52, the commodity quality index group is compared with the commodity suitability range to obtain the quality maintenance status; S53, the aroma quality synergistic judgment result is generated based on the aroma compliance status and the quality maintenance status. The aroma quality synergistic judgment result includes four results: aroma not compliance and quality suitable, aroma compliance and quality suitable, aroma compliance and quality unsuitable, and aroma not compliance and quality unsuitable. Among them, aroma not compliance and quality suitable means that the eryngium leaves still have room for further aroma induction; aroma compliance and quality suitable means that the eryngium leaves have entered the optimal harvesting state; aroma compliance and quality unsuitable means that the aroma induction intensity or duration has affected the commodity quality; and aroma not compliance and quality unsuitable means that the current batch should not continue to strengthen the aroma induction and should prioritize quality preservation.

[0015] In S6 of this invention, the harvest window is determined based on the aroma synergy judgment result used to determine the harvest window. S61: When the aroma synergy judgment result is that the aroma does not meet the standard but the quality is suitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction period is extended or the pre-harvest aroma induction management is maintained. S62: When the aroma synergy judgment result is that the aroma meets the standard and the quality is suitable, the corresponding time period is determined as the harvest window, and the leaves of Erycibe that have not bolted, whose leaf edges have not aged significantly, and whose leaves are intact are harvested. S63: When the aroma synergy judgment result is that the aroma meets the standard but the quality is unsuitable, the intensity of the pre-harvest aroma induction management is reduced and the harvest is carried out in advance to reduce the continued decline in quality. S64: When the aroma synergy judgment result is that the aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is unsuitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction management is stopped and the management action of maintaining the commercial quality of the leaves is given priority. Thus, the harvest management result corresponding to the harvest window is obtained, so that the harvest is no longer determined solely based on leaf size, plant height, or market demand, but based on the aroma meeting the standard and the commercial quality maintenance status.

[0016] In S7 of this invention, batch correction data is generated based on the harvest management results corresponding to the harvest window. The batch correction data includes the aroma deviation between the target aroma range and the actual aroma index group, the quality deviation between the suitable commercial range and the actual commercial quality index group, the amount of readily available nitrogen in leaf expansion management, the potassium supply and shading rate in aroma balance management, and the start time and execution intensity in pre-harvest aroma induction management. When the aroma synergy judgment result of the previous eryngium cultivation batch is that the aroma does not meet the standard but the quality is suitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction period is advanced or increased in the next eryngium cultivation batch. The intensity of pre-harvest aroma induction management is increased; when the aroma quality assessment result of the previous batch of eryngium cultivation is that the aroma meets the standard but the quality is not suitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction period is delayed or the intensity of pre-harvest aroma induction management is reduced in the next batch of eryngium cultivation; when the aroma quality assessment result of the previous batch of eryngium cultivation is that the aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is not suitable, the supply of available nitrogen during the leaf expansion period is reduced and the priority of maintaining commercial quality during the quality balance period is increased in the next batch of eryngium cultivation, so as to form continuous correction between different harvesting batches and improve the reproducibility and batch stability of cultivation methods.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses both the aroma index group and the commercial quality index group of eryngium leaves as cultivation control targets. Instead of relying solely on site selection, shading, fertilization, watering, or simulated wild environments to improve leaf quality, it characterizes the aroma formation state of leaves through the content of key aldehyde aroma components, the proportion of key aldehyde aroma components, the total volatile oil content, or the electronic nose aroma response value. Furthermore, it characterizes the commercial quality maintenance state of leaves through leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, nitrate content, leaf fibrosis degree, leaf integrity rate, and bolting state, thus providing a clear indicator basis for aroma enhancement and quality control.

[0018] 2. This invention transforms the cultivation process of eryngium leaves from ordinary growth management into phased target management by setting up continuous stages of leaf expansion, quality balancing, and pre-harvest aroma induction. During the leaf expansion stage, priority is given to forming the leaf foundation required for subsequent aroma enhancement. During the quality balancing stage, the aroma formation foundation is coordinated with the maintenance of commercial quality. During the pre-harvest aroma induction stage, key aroma components are promoted to enter the target aroma range and quality decline is limited. This avoids insufficient aroma or reduced marketability caused by using the same fertilizer, water and light management method throughout the entire growth period.

[0019] 3. During the leaf expansion period, this invention implements leaf expansion management by adjusting the parameter group according to leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, leaf color value, nitrate content, leaf thickness and leaf moisture content. This can promote leaf expansion while limiting excessive leaf growth, nitrate accumulation and overly tender leaves, so that the eryngium plant can obtain a suitable leaf foundation for subsequent aroma formation.

[0020] 4. During the quality balance period, this invention classifies the state of eryngium leaves into three types: excessive growth, insufficient aroma, and aging. Management actions are then implemented accordingly, such as reducing the supply of readily available nitrogen, increasing the supply of potassium, reducing the shading rate, increasing the effective daytime light intensity, increasing the substrate or soil moisture content, maintaining the supply of calcium and magnesium, or reducing the effective daytime light intensity. This allows the aroma balance management to be adjusted for different imbalances, thereby improving the match between the aroma formation basis and the commercial quality of the leaves.

[0021] 5. This invention initiates pre-harvest aroma induction management based on both commodity quality and aroma indicators during the pre-harvest aroma induction period. When aroma is insufficient and commodity quality is suitable, it promotes the accumulation of key aroma components by reducing the supply of readily available nitrogen, increasing the supply of potassium, maintaining the supply of calcium and magnesium, increasing the effective daytime light intensity, extending the duration of low-intensity supplemental lighting, reducing the amount of water applied per irrigation, and increasing the diurnal temperature range. When leaf moisture content, leaf thickness, leaf fibrosis, or bolting status approaches the risk boundary, the aroma induction intensity is reduced or stopped, thus balancing the aroma enhancement effect and commodity quality safety.

[0022] 6. This invention generates a synergistic aroma quality assessment result by considering the aroma standard status and quality maintenance status. Based on four results—aroma not meeting the standard but quality suitable, aroma meeting the standard and quality suitable, aroma meeting the standard but quality unsuitable, and aroma not meeting the standard and quality unsuitable—actions such as extending aroma induction, determining harvest, reducing aroma induction and harvesting earlier, and stopping aroma induction and prioritizing quality preservation are performed respectively. This changes the harvest window for eryngium leaves from being determined solely by leaf size or market time to being jointly determined by aroma and commercial quality, thereby improving the accuracy of harvesting decisions.

[0023] 7. This invention uses the aroma index group, commodity quality index group, and stage control parameter group corresponding to the harvest window as batch correction data. Based on the aroma quality synergy judgment results of the previous eryngium cultivation batch, it corrects the pre-harvest aroma induction period, pre-harvest aroma induction management execution intensity, leaf expansion period available nitrogen supply, and quality balance period commodity quality maintenance priority of the next eryngium cultivation batch. This transforms the eryngium leaf aroma enhancement and quality control cultivation from single-batch experience management to cross-batch continuous correction management, improving the consistency of aroma intensity and commodity quality between different harvest batches. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves in this invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the establishment of the aralia cultivation batch and indicator parameter set in this invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of aroma balance management during the quality balance period in this invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the aroma synergy determination, harvesting window, and batch correction in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the embodiments. The described embodiments are only used to explain the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Without departing from the present invention, which uses the aroma index group and the commercial quality index group of eryngium leaves as the control target, any parameter substitution, interval adjustment or equivalent management made by those skilled in the art based on different cultivation facilities, different eryngium varieties, different harvesting specifications and different testing conditions should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: General Cultivation Method Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for aroma enhancement and quality control cultivation of eryngium leaves. This method is applicable to eryngium cultivation in facility cultivation, greenhouse cultivation, shade net cultivation, substrate cultivation, or standardized field cultivation scenarios. Its core is not simply to increase the fresh weight of eryngium leaves, nor simply to simulate the wild growth environment, but to establish a continuous control process around the accumulation state of key aroma components and the maintenance state of commercial quality of eryngium leaves. In S1, the eryngium cultivation batch is established and aroma index group, commercial quality index group, stage control parameter group, target aroma range, and commercial suitable range are set. In S2, leaf expansion management is implemented during the leaf expansion period. In S3, aroma balance management is implemented during the quality balance period. In S4, pre-harvest aroma induction management is implemented during the pre-harvest aroma induction period. In S5, aroma synergistic judgment results are generated. In S6, the harvest window is determined and eryngium leaves are harvested. In S7, the data corresponding to the harvest window is used as batch correction data to correct the aroma enhancement and quality control management of the next eryngium cultivation batch.

[0030] In this embodiment, the method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves can be implemented through manual recording, tabular recording, cultivation management system, greenhouse control system, or facility agriculture control platform. The aroma index group and the commodity quality index group can be obtained through regular sampling and testing, portable instrument testing, laboratory testing, or rapid testing at the production site. The stage control parameter group can be realized through manual adjustment of shading nets, irrigation systems, fertilization systems, supplemental lighting equipment, ventilation equipment, or greenhouse environmental control equipment, so that the index setting, stage control, joint judgment, and batch correction in the claims can be implemented in actual cultivation management.

[0031] Example 2: S1 Establishing a Cultivation Batch for Erycibe Reference Figure 2In this embodiment, S1 is used to establish comparable, traceable and correctable eryngium cultivation batches at the beginning of cultivation. The eryngium cultivation batches are not simply divided according to the planting area, but are divided according to the basic conditions that affect the formation of aroma of eryngium leaves and the maintenance of commercial quality, so that the plants in the same eryngium cultivation batch have the same or similar sowing basis, seedling basis, transplanting basis and cultivation environment basis.

[0032] Specifically, in S11, the aralia cultivation batches are divided according to the same sowing time, the same seedling conditions, the same transplanting time, the same cultivation area, and the same basic cultivation substrate. The same sowing time can be understood as sowing completed on the same day or within the same continuous sowing cycle. The same seedling conditions can be understood as the same or basically consistent seedling substrate, seedling temperature, seedling humidity, seedling light, and seedling water and fertilizer conditions. The same transplanting time can be understood as transplanting completed on the same day or within the same transplanting operation cycle. The same cultivation area can be understood as the same greenhouse, the same shed, the same bed, the same cultivation trough, or the same control zone. The same basic cultivation substrate can be understood as the same soil type, the same substrate ratio, the same substrate batch number, or the same basal fertilizer application conditions.

[0033] Specifically, in S12, within the aralia cultivation batch, aralia plants with growth at the batch average level are selected as indicator collection plants. The batch average level can be determined based on one or more of the following: plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf color value, or crown width. The indicator collection plants should avoid selecting obviously weak seedlings, plants with pests and diseases, plants with mechanical damage, plants in the edge rows, plants in waterlogged areas, or plants in areas with abnormal light, so that the indicator collection plants can represent the overall aroma formation state and commercial quality maintenance state of the aralia cultivation batch.

[0034] Specifically, in S13, the index collection plants are respectively mapped to the index collection nodes of the leaf expansion stage, quality balance stage and pre-harvest aroma induction stage, forming continuously corresponding index collection objects. The continuous correspondence means that the index collection plants in the same eryngium cultivation batch are recorded and tested at different growth stages according to the same or corresponding sampling rules, so that the basic leaf data obtained during the leaf expansion stage, the aroma quality change data obtained during the quality balance stage and the pre-harvest aroma quality status obtained during the pre-harvest aroma induction stage can be connected.

[0035] In one optional implementation, the plants for index collection can be either continuously monitored from fixed plants or randomly sampled from a fixed area. When continuous monitoring is conducted from fixed plants, the plants for index collection can be marked. When random sampling is conducted from a fixed area, the sampling quantity, sampling location, and leaf age can be kept consistent each time. Both methods can form continuously corresponding index collection objects, avoiding distortion of the relationship between aroma index group and commodity quality index group due to frequent changes in the sampling objects.

[0036] Example 3: S1 sets the aroma index group, product quality index group, and stage control parameter group. In this embodiment, after forming continuously corresponding index collection objects, S14, S15 and S16 are executed to set the aroma index group, the commodity quality index group and the stage control parameter group. The aroma index group is used to reflect the aroma formation state of the eryngium leaves, the commodity quality index group is used to reflect the commodity quality maintenance state of the eryngium leaves, and the stage control parameter group is used to convert the index changes into cultivation management actions.

[0037] Specifically, in S14, at least two of the following are set as aroma index groups: the content of key aldehyde aroma components, the proportion of key aldehyde aroma components in total volatile aroma components, the total volatile oil content, and the electronic nose aroma response value. The key aldehyde aroma components include at least one of (E)-2-dodecenal, dodecanal, decanal, and nonanal. The content of key aldehyde aroma components can be obtained by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography detection, or other volatile component detection methods. The electronic nose aroma response value can be obtained by electronic nose sensor array responding to leaf samples or leaf volatile gases.

[0038] In one embodiment, the content of key aldehyde aroma components can be expressed as the target aldehyde content per unit fresh weight of leaves, the proportion of key aldehyde aroma components to total volatile aroma components can be expressed as the proportion of the peak area of ​​the target aldehyde to the peak area of ​​total volatile components, the total volatile oil content can be expressed as the amount of volatile oil obtained per unit mass of leaves, and the aroma response value of the electronic nose can be expressed as the aroma intensity value obtained after weighting, normalizing, or principal component analysis of the response values ​​of different sensors of the electronic nose. The above indicators can be used alone or in combination, but at least two are selected in this invention to reduce the risk of misjudgment caused by the fluctuation of a single detection indicator.

[0039] Specifically, in S15, at least three of the following are set as commodity quality indicators: leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, nitrate content, leaf fibrosis degree, leaf integrity rate, and bolting state. Among them, leaf length and leaf width are used to reflect commodity specifications, leaf number is used to reflect leaf base and harvest quantity, leaf thickness is used to reflect leaf tissue state, leaf color value is used to reflect leaf color and vegetative growth state, leaf moisture content is used to reflect freshness and wilting risk, nitrate content is used to reflect food safety and nitrogen accumulation risk, leaf fibrosis degree is used to reflect taste and aging risk, leaf integrity rate is used to reflect harvest marketability, and bolting state is used to reflect the risk of plant transitioning from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

[0040] In one embodiment, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf thickness can be obtained by measuring with a ruler, vernier calipers, or image recognition; leaf color value can be represented by SPAD value, L value, a value, b value of a colorimeter, or image color features; leaf moisture content can be obtained by calculating fresh weight and dry weight or by detecting with a moisture meter; nitrate content can be obtained by using a rapid nitrate detector or laboratory testing methods; leaf fibrosis degree can be determined by leaf hardness, crude fiber content, leaf breaking resistance, or manual grading; and bolting status can be determined by whether flower stalks appear, flower stalk length, or bolting ratio.

[0041] Specifically, in S16, at least four of the following parameters are set as stage control parameters: shading rate, substrate or soil moisture content, available nitrogen supply, potassium supply, calcium and magnesium supply, effective daytime light intensity, supplemental lighting duration, irrigation amount, and diurnal temperature range. Shading rate is used to regulate the light intensity and tenderness of leaves; substrate or soil moisture content is used to regulate the water content of leaves and the degree of water stress; available nitrogen supply is used to regulate leaf growth rate and the risk of nitrate accumulation; potassium supply is used to regulate leaf material transport and quality formation; calcium and magnesium supply is used to maintain leaf tissue structure and chlorophyll formation; effective daytime light intensity and supplemental lighting duration are used to regulate the basis of aroma formation; irrigation amount is used to control the intensity of water supply; and diurnal temperature range is used to regulate pre-harvest material accumulation and leaf quality maintenance.

[0042] Through S14, S15, and S16, a set of aroma, quality, and control parameters corresponding to the target of the index collection is formed. The set of aroma, quality, and control parameters is the basis for subsequent leaf expansion management, aroma and quality balance management, pre-harvest aroma induction management, aroma and quality synergy judgment, and batch correction. This makes the cultivation method no longer rely on single experience judgment, but based on collectable, comparable, and adjustable indicators and parameters.

[0043] Example 4: Setting the target aroma range and the suitable range for the product In this embodiment, both the target aroma range and the suitable product range are set in S1. The target aroma range is used to determine whether the eryngium leaves have reached the expected aroma enhancement state, and the suitable product range is used to determine whether the eryngium leaves have maintained a marketable product state. Together, they constitute the boundary conditions for the subsequent pre-harvest aroma induction and harvest window determination of this invention.

[0044] In one implementation, the target aroma range can be set based on the content of key aldehyde aroma components, the proportion of key aldehyde aroma components in the total volatile aroma components, the total volatile oil content, or the electronic nose aroma response value. The target aroma range can be a range of a single indicator, a range of multiple indicators, or a range where the comprehensive score reaches a set range. When using a comprehensive score, weights can be set according to the importance of different aroma indicators to highlight the contribution of key aldehyde aroma components to the aroma quality of eryngium leaves.

[0045] In one embodiment, the suitable range for a product can be set based on leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, nitrate content, leaf fiberization degree, leaf integrity rate, and bolting status. The suitable range for a product may include the lower limit of leaf specifications, the upper limit of leaf aging, the upper limit of nitrate risk, the lower limit of leaf moisture content, the lower limit of leaf integrity rate, and the upper limit of bolting risk, so that the product quality judgment can simultaneously cover appearance specifications, edible quality, edible safety, and harvest suitability.

[0046] In one implementation, the target aroma range and the suitable commercial range can be set based on previous experimental data, production experience, market grade standards, enterprise internal control standards, or batch correction data from the previous eryngium cultivation batch. The target aroma range and the suitable commercial range do not need to be exactly the same in all varieties, all regions, and all cultivation facilities, as long as they can be used to convert the aroma index group and the commercial quality index group into the basis for judging pre-harvest aroma induction, harvest window, and batch correction.

[0047] Example 5: S2 Leaf Expansion Period and Leaf Expansion Promotion Management In this embodiment, S2 is performed during the leaf expansion period. The leaf expansion period is mainly used to form the leaf base required for subsequent aroma enhancement regulation. The leaf base includes an appropriate number of leaves, leaf size, leaf structural strength, leaf color state, and water content state, so that the subsequent quality balancing period and pre-harvest aroma induction period can promote the accumulation of key aroma components without significantly damaging the product quality.

[0048] Specifically, in S21, when the leaf length, leaf width, or number of leaves is lower than the corresponding expansion benchmark, the substrate or soil moisture content is increased and the available nitrogen supply is maintained. The corresponding expansion benchmark can be set according to the arugula variety, leaf harvesting specifications, and cultivation days. If the leaf expansion is insufficient, it means that the leaf base is not yet suitable for entering the management stage mainly based on aroma coordination. At this time, by increasing the substrate or soil moisture content and maintaining the available nitrogen supply, it is beneficial to promote leaf expansion, improve leaf uniformity, and form the base leaf area for subsequent aroma enhancement regulation.

[0049] Specifically, in S22, when the leaf color value is higher than the preset upper limit of leaf color and the nitrate content is close to the preset upper limit of nitrate, the supply of available nitrogen is reduced and the supply of potassium is increased. The leaf color value being higher than the preset upper limit of leaf color indicates that the leaf vegetative growth is too vigorous or the nitrogen supply is too strong. The nitrate content being close to the preset upper limit of nitrate indicates that there is a risk of nitrogen accumulation in the leaf. Reducing the supply of available nitrogen can limit the excessive growth of the leaf and the continued accumulation of nitrate. Increasing the supply of potassium can promote the formation of leaf quality and the transport of substances, thereby avoiding the problem that although the leaf is dark green, the subsequent aroma formation is insufficient.

[0050] Specifically, in S23, when the leaf thickness is lower than the preset lower limit and the leaf moisture content is higher than the preset upper limit, the shading rate or the amount of water applied at one time is reduced. The low leaf thickness and high leaf moisture content indicate that the leaves are too tender or the tissue structure is weak. If strong shading or high water supply continues at this time, it is easy to cause the leaves to have excessive water content, insufficient structural support, and insufficient foundation for subsequent aroma formation. By reducing the shading rate or reducing the amount of water applied at one time, the strength of the leaf structure can be improved and the quality fluctuation caused by excessive water supply can be reduced.

[0051] Through S21, S22, and S23, leaf expansion management is not simply about promoting growth, but about controlling excessive leaf growth, nitrate accumulation, and overly tender tissues while promoting leaf expansion. This ensures that the leaf expansion rate, leaf structural strength, and subsequent aroma formation are coordinated, ultimately achieving a leaf foundation for entering the quality balance period.

[0052] Example 6: Classification of S3 quality equilibrium period and leaf condition type of Erycibe Reference Figure 3 In this embodiment, S3 takes the leaf base obtained during the leaf expansion period and performs aroma balance management based on the combination of aroma index group and commodity quality index group during the quality balance period. The purpose of the quality balance period is to identify whether the leaves are in an unbalanced state of excessive growth, insufficient aroma or aging quality, and to correct the imbalance before entering the pre-harvest aroma induction period.

[0053] Specifically, during the quality balancing period, the leaf condition types of eryngium are first classified according to the combination of aroma index group and commodity quality index group. The leaf condition types of eryngium include vigorous growth type, insufficient aroma type, and quality aging type. The condition types are not classifications of eryngium varieties, but classifications of the regulatory state of the same eryngium cultivation batch during the quality balancing period, which are used to provide a basis for subsequent management actions in S31, S32, and S33.

[0054] In one implementation, the vigorous growth type is a state in which the leaf color value is higher than the preset upper limit of leaf color and the nitrate content is close to the preset upper limit of nitrate. This state indicates that the leaves may have a better appearance, a darker color, and vigorous growth, but there is a risk of excessive supply of available nitrogen, weak leaf growth, and nitrate accumulation. If no adjustment is made, it may lead to insufficient accumulation of key aroma components or a bland flavor after harvest.

[0055] In one embodiment, the aroma deficiency type is a state in which the product quality index group is in the suitable range of the product and the content of key aldehyde aroma components is lower than the lower limit of the stage aroma. This state indicates that the product quality such as leaf length, width, color, moisture content, and integrity is still suitable, but the aroma index group has not reached the formation level that should be achieved at this stage. If no adjustment is made, it is easy to have the problem of the product having a qualified appearance but insufficient flavor.

[0056] In one implementation, the quality aging type is a state in which the content of key aldehyde aroma components increases and the leaf thickness, leaf fibrosis degree or bolting state is close to the preset risk limit. This state indicates that the aroma formation has been improved, but the leaf commodity quality has begun to show the risk of aging, thickening, fibrosis or bolting. If the aroma enhancement measures are further strengthened, the aroma may meet the standard but the commodity quality may decline.

[0057] By classifying the above-mentioned state types, the aroma balance management in S3 can distinguish between "insufficient aroma but suitable quality", "improved aroma but aging quality" and "vigorous leaf growth but insufficient aroma foundation", avoiding the use of the same shading, fertilization, watering or supplemental lighting measures for all leaf states.

[0058] Example 7: Specific Implementation of S3 Aroma Balance Management In this embodiment, after obtaining the eryngium leaf state type for performing aroma balance adjustment, S3 continues to call the stage control parameter group to execute S31, S32 and S33, so that aroma balance management can be continuously adjusted for different imbalance states.

[0059] Specifically, in S31, when the leaf condition of eryngium is vigorous growth, the supply of readily available nitrogen is reduced and the supply of potassium is increased. The reduction of readily available nitrogen supply can be achieved by reducing the number of times readily available nitrogen fertilizer is applied, reducing the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution, reducing high nitrogen topdressing, or extending the topdressing interval. The increase of potassium supply can be achieved by increasing the proportion of potassium fertilizer application or adjusting the nitrogen-potassium ratio of the nutrient solution, thereby inhibiting excessive vegetative growth of leaves and promoting leaf quality formation.

[0060] Specifically, in S32, when the eryngium leaf condition is insufficient in aroma, the shading rate is reduced or the effective daytime light intensity is increased, and the supply of available nitrogen is adjusted to a level lower than that during the leaf expansion period. The reduction of shading rate can be achieved by replacing the shading net, shortening the shading time, or opening some shading facilities. The increase of effective daytime light intensity can be achieved by increasing natural light transmission, turning on supplemental lighting equipment, or extending the period of moderate light. The supply of available nitrogen is lower than that during the leaf expansion period to prevent the leaves from continuing to focus on vegetative growth, thereby providing the basic conditions for the subsequent accumulation of key aroma components.

[0061] Specifically, in S33, when the leaf condition of eryngium is aging, the substrate or soil moisture content is increased, the calcium and magnesium supply is maintained, and the effective daytime light intensity is reduced. The increased substrate or soil moisture content is used to alleviate the risk of leaf water deficit and wilting. The maintained calcium and magnesium supply is used to maintain leaf cell structure, chlorophyll formation, and leaf tissue stability. The reduced effective daytime light intensity is used to slow down the premature aging, thickening, or fibrosis of the leaves.

[0062] Through S31, S32 and S33, aroma balance management forms a continuous regulation between suppressing excessive leaf growth, promoting the formation of aroma base and delaying the decline in commercial quality, thereby obtaining an aroma balance state before entering the pre-harvest aroma induction period. The aroma balance state indicates that the eryngium leaves have the foundation for further pre-harvest aroma induction and that the commercial quality has not yet entered the irreversible decline stage.

[0063] Example 8: S4 Pre-harvest Aroma Induction Period and Pre-harvest Aroma Induction Management In this embodiment, S4 takes over the aroma balance state obtained during the quality balance period and performs pre-harvest aroma induction management based on the accumulation status of key aroma components in the aroma index group and the commodity quality risk status in the commodity quality index group during the pre-harvest aroma induction period. This ensures that key aroma components enter the target aroma range before harvesting, while avoiding a decline in leaf commodity quality due to excessively strong aroma induction measures or excessively long duration.

[0064] Specifically, in S41, pre-harvest aroma induction is initiated when the product quality index group is within the suitable range and the aroma index group is below the target aroma range. The product quality index group being within the suitable range indicates that the eryngium leaves still have the quality basis to accept aroma induction management. The aroma index group being below the target aroma range indicates that the key aroma components have not yet reached the expected aroma enhancement state. Pre-harvest aroma induction is initiated only when both conditions are met. This can avoid continuing aroma induction when the quality of the leaves has already declined, and can also avoid excessive aroma induction when the aroma has already met the standard.

[0065] Specifically, in S42, at least two of the following are included in the pre-harvest aroma induction process: reducing the supply of available nitrogen, increasing the supply of potassium, maintaining the supply of calcium and magnesium, increasing the effective daytime light intensity, extending the duration of low-intensity supplemental lighting, reducing the amount of water applied per irrigation, and increasing the diurnal temperature range. The reduction of the supply of available nitrogen is used to reduce the dilution effect of continued rapid vegetative growth of leaves on aroma accumulation. The increase of potassium supply is used to promote the transport of substances in leaves and the formation of quality. The maintenance of calcium and magnesium supply is used to reduce the risk of leaf tissue damage during the aroma induction process. The increase of the effective daytime light intensity and the extension of the duration of low-intensity supplemental lighting are used to promote the accumulation of aroma-related substances. The reduction of the amount of water applied per irrigation is used to create a mild moisture regulation. The increase of the diurnal temperature range is used to promote the accumulation of substances and the formation of flavor during the pre-harvest process.

[0066] In one implementation, pre-harvest aroma induction management can be initiated several days before the expected harvest. The initiation time can be determined based on the maturity of the eryngium leaves, the target aroma range, the commercially suitable range, and the batch correction data of the previous eryngium cultivation batch. The intensity of pre-harvest aroma induction management can be expressed in three levels: mild, moderate, or strong. It can also be quantified based on the reduction ratio of available nitrogen supply, the increase ratio of potassium supply, the duration of supplemental lighting, the reduction in the amount of water applied per irrigation, and the variation range of diurnal temperature.

[0067] Specifically, in S43, when the leaf moisture content is lower than the preset lower limit, the leaf thickness is higher than the preset upper limit, the leaf fiberization degree is close to the preset upper limit, or the bolting state is close to the preset bolting risk, the execution intensity of pre-harvest aroma induction management is reduced or the regulation action to enhance aroma induction is stopped. The reduction in execution intensity may include restoring part of the water supply, reducing the duration of supplemental lighting, reducing the effective daytime light intensity, stopping the continued reduction of available nitrogen supply, or reducing the diurnal temperature range adjustment range. The cessation of the regulation action to enhance aroma induction may include stopping further enhancement of light, water, or temperature difference induction.

[0068] Through S41, S42, and S43, pre-harvest aroma induction management does not unconditionally enhance aroma, but rather promotes key aroma components to enter the target aroma range under the condition that the commodity quality index group provides a safety boundary. When the risk of leaf commodity quality approaches the preset boundary, aroma induction is reduced or stopped in a timely manner, so that the present invention can obtain the pre-harvest aroma quality status for joint judgment.

[0069] Example 9: S5 aroma synergy determination Reference Figure 4 In this embodiment, S5 performs a joint judgment on the aroma index group and the commodity quality index group based on the pre-harvest aroma quality status used for joint judgment, and generates an aroma quality collaborative judgment result. The aroma quality collaborative judgment result is used to decide whether to continue aroma induction, determine harvesting, reduce aroma induction and harvest early, or stop aroma induction and prioritize quality preservation.

[0070] Specifically, in S51, the aroma index group is compared with the target aroma range to obtain the aroma compliance status. When the selected index among the key aldehyde aroma component content, the proportion of key aldehyde aroma component to total volatile aroma component, total volatile oil content, or electronic nose aroma response value reaches the target aroma range, it can be judged that the aroma meets the standard. When the selected index does not reach the target aroma range, it can be judged that the aroma does not meet the standard. If a multi-index comprehensive scoring is used, the aroma compliance status can be determined according to whether the comprehensive score enters the target aroma range.

[0071] Specifically, in S52, the product quality indicator group is compared with the product suitability range to obtain the quality maintenance status. When the selected indicators among leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, nitrate content, leaf fiber degree, leaf integrity rate or bolting status are all within the product suitability range, or the comprehensive quality score is within the product suitability range, the quality can be judged as suitable. When any key product quality indicator exceeds the risk boundary or the comprehensive quality score is lower than the suitable lower limit, the quality can be judged as unsuitable.

[0072] Specifically, in S53, a synergistic aroma judgment result is generated based on the aroma compliance status and quality maintenance status. The synergistic aroma judgment result includes four results: aroma not meeting the standard but quality suitable, aroma meeting the standard and quality suitable, aroma meeting the standard but quality unsuitable, and aroma not meeting the standard and quality unsuitable. Among them, aroma not meeting the standard but quality suitable means that the eryngium leaves still have room for further aroma enhancement, aroma meeting the standard and quality suitable means that the eryngium leaves have entered a suitable harvesting state, aroma meeting the standard but quality unsuitable means that the aroma enhancement intensity or duration has caused a risk of decline in product quality, and aroma not meeting the standard and quality unsuitable means that the current batch should not continue to enhance the aroma and product quality should be maintained first.

[0073] Through S51, S52 and S53, S5 transforms the pre-harvest aroma quality status into a clear aroma synergy judgment result, enabling the subsequent S6 to determine the harvest window based on the same judgment logic, rather than simply based on leaf size, plant height, cultivation days or market demand.

[0074] Example 10: S6 Harvesting Window Determination and Harvesting Management In this embodiment, S6 determines the harvest window and harvests eryngium leaves based on the aroma synergy judgment result used to determine the harvest window. The harvest window is not a simple date window, but a comprehensive harvest state formed when the aroma index group reaches the target aroma range and the commodity quality index group is in the commodity suitable range.

[0075] Specifically, in S61, when the aroma quality synergy judgment result is that the aroma does not meet the standard but the quality is suitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction period is extended or the pre-harvest aroma induction management is maintained. The extension of the pre-harvest aroma induction period can be to extend the aroma induction days or add one testing cycle under the condition that the commodity quality index group is still in the commodity suitable range. The maintenance of pre-harvest aroma induction management can be to continue to maintain the current low nitrogen, moderate light, moderate moisture and diurnal temperature difference management without increasing the aroma induction intensity.

[0076] Specifically, in S62, when the aroma quality assessment result is that the aroma meets the standard and the quality is suitable, the corresponding time period is determined as the harvest window, and the leaves of Erycibe that have not bolted, whose leaf edges have not aged significantly and whose leaves are intact are harvested. The corresponding time period can be the same day, several consecutive hours, or several consecutive days, depending on the scale of the Erycibe cultivation batch, the harvesting method, the market supply requirements, and the ability to maintain aroma quality. The fact that the leaves have not bolted, whose leaf edges have not aged significantly and whose leaves are intact is used to further ensure the commercial appearance and edible quality of the harvested leaves.

[0077] Specifically, in S63, when the aroma quality synergy judgment result is that the aroma meets the standard but the quality is not suitable, the execution intensity of pre-harvest aroma induction management is reduced and harvesting is carried out in advance. The early harvesting does not mean blindly harvesting when the aroma has not reached the target, but rather that when the aroma has reached the target aroma range but the product quality begins to deviate from the suitable range, the aroma induction management is ended in advance and usable leaves are harvested in order to reduce the risk of leaves continuing to thicken, become fibrous, wilt or bolt.

[0078] Specifically, in S64, when the aroma synergy judgment result is that the aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is not suitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction management is stopped and the management actions to maintain the commercial quality of the leaves are prioritized. The management actions to maintain the commercial quality of the leaves may include restoring a suitable water supply, reducing the light induction intensity, maintaining the calcium and magnesium supply, stopping the further reduction of the supply of available nitrogen, strengthening ventilation and cooling, or timely harvesting of leaves that still have commercial value, so that the current batch of eryngium cultivation avoids greater commercial losses due to the continued pursuit of aroma enhancement.

[0079] Through steps S61, S62, S63, and S64, S6 obtains the harvest management results corresponding to the harvest window. These harvest management results include continuing aroma induction, normal harvesting, early harvesting, or stopping aroma induction and prioritizing quality preservation. This transforms the harvesting of eryngium leaves from a purely experience-based judgment into a decision jointly determined by the aroma standard and the product quality maintenance status.

[0080] Example 11: S7 Batch Correction Data and Next Batch Management In this embodiment, S7 generates batch correction data based on the harvest management results corresponding to the harvest window, and uses the batch correction data to correct the aroma enhancement and quality control management of the next eryngium cultivation batch, so that the present invention is not limited to single batch management, but can form continuous correction across batches.

[0081] Specifically, the batch correction data includes aroma deviation between the target aroma range and the actual aroma index group, quality deviation between the suitable range for the product and the actual product quality index group, the supply of readily available nitrogen in leaf expansion management, the supply of potassium and shading rate in aroma balance management, and the start time and execution intensity in pre-harvest aroma induction management. The aroma deviation is used to determine whether the aroma accumulation is insufficient or the aroma meets the standard. The quality deviation is used to determine whether the product quality is at risk of decline or the product quality is maintained. The readily available nitrogen supply, potassium supply, shading rate, start time and execution intensity are used to trace the management reasons that cause aroma deviation and quality deviation.

[0082] When the aroma synergy assessment result of the previous batch of eryngium cultivation is that the aroma does not meet the standard but the quality is suitable, it means that the product quality of the previous batch of eryngium cultivation still has room for further aroma enhancement, but the key aroma components have not entered the target aroma range. Therefore, in the next batch of eryngium cultivation, the pre-harvest aroma enhancement period should be advanced or the intensity of pre-harvest aroma enhancement management should be increased. Advancing the pre-harvest aroma enhancement period can start S41 in advance. Increasing the intensity of pre-harvest aroma enhancement management can increase the intensity of light, supplemental light, potassium supply or diurnal temperature range regulation in S42, and is still subject to the product quality risk conditions in S43.

[0083] When the aroma synergy assessment result of the previous batch of eryngium cultivation is that the aroma meets the standard but the quality is not suitable, it means that although the previous batch of eryngium cultivation achieved aroma enhancement, the aroma-inducing measures may have been too early, too strong, or lasted too long, resulting in a decrease in leaf moisture content, an increase in leaf thickness, an increase in leaf fibrosis, or an increase in the risk of bolting. Therefore, in the next batch of eryngium cultivation, the pre-harvest aroma-inducing period should be delayed or the intensity of pre-harvest aroma-inducing management should be reduced so that the next batch can maintain the ability to form aroma while reducing the risk of declining product quality.

[0084] When the aroma synergy assessment result of the previous batch of eryngium cultivation is that the aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is not suitable, it means that the previous batch of eryngium cultivation has neither reached the target aroma range nor maintained the suitable range for commercial use. At this time, it is not appropriate to solve the problem by simply enhancing the pre-harvest aroma induction. Instead, in the next batch of eryngium cultivation, the supply of available nitrogen during the leaf expansion period should be reduced and the priority of maintaining commercial quality during the quality balance period should be increased. This will allow the next batch to first improve the leaf foundation and quality balance before entering the pre-harvest aroma induction management.

[0085] Through S7, this embodiment transforms the aroma index group, commodity quality index group, and stage control parameter group of the current eryngium cultivation batch into the correction basis for the next eryngium cultivation batch, so that the aroma enhancement and quality control cultivation of eryngium leaves is transformed from single-batch experience management to cross-batch continuous correction management, thereby improving the consistency of aroma intensity and commodity quality between different harvest batches.

[0086] Example 12: Detection and Recording Method In one implementation, the detection of aroma index groups can be carried out using a periodic sampling method. During sampling, leaves of similar maturity and leaf position from the selected plants, free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage, are collected. Volatile components can be detected immediately after sampling, or the samples can be temporarily stored at low temperature for a specified time before detection. When gas chromatography or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used for detection, the content of key aldehyde aroma components can be calculated by peak area, internal standard method, or external standard method. When electronic nose detection is used, the response values ​​of multiple sensors can be normalized to form the electronic nose aroma response value.

[0087] In one implementation, the detection of product quality indicators can be carried out by a combination of on-site rapid testing and laboratory testing. Leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf integrity rate, and bolting status can be quickly detected on the production site. Leaf moisture content, nitrate content, and leaf fibrosis degree can be detected using portable instruments or in the laboratory. If the conditions on the production site are limited, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, leaf thickness, and bolting status can be selected as rapid judgment indicators, and then combined with regular laboratory testing to correct the suitable range of the product.

[0088] In one implementation, the recording of the phased control parameter group can be done using manual recording forms, spreadsheets, historical data from the greenhouse control system, or a facility agriculture management platform. The recorded content includes changes in shading rate, irrigation time, irrigation volume, fertilizer type, available nitrogen supply, potassium supply, calcium and magnesium supply, light intensity, supplemental lighting duration, daytime temperature, nighttime temperature, and diurnal temperature range, so that batch correction data can be traced back to specific control parameters.

[0089] Example 13: Stage Transition Method In one implementation, the leaf expansion period, quality balance period, and pre-harvest aroma induction period can be initially divided according to the number of cultivation days, and then corrected according to the commodity quality index group and aroma index group. If the number of cultivation days has reached the preset end time of the leaf expansion period but the leaf length, leaf width, or number of leaves is still lower than the corresponding expansion benchmark, then leaf expansion management continues. If the leaf expansion status has reached the corresponding expansion benchmark and the aroma index group is lower than the lower limit of the stage aroma, then the quality balance period is entered. If the number of days before the expected harvest time has reached the preset pre-harvest period and the commodity quality index group is in the commodity suitable range, then the pre-harvest aroma induction period is entered.

[0090] In one implementation, the transition between stages can adopt the rule of "indicator priority, time as an auxiliary factor", that is, the number of cultivation days is only used as an auxiliary factor for judging the stage. What really determines whether to enter the next stage is the combination of aroma indicator group and commodity quality indicator group. This method can avoid the problem that fixed number of days management is not applicable due to climate change, facility differences, variety differences or cultivation density differences.

[0091] Example 14: Optional scoring method for aroma synergy assessment In one implementation, the aroma index group can be converted into an aroma score, the product quality index group can be converted into a quality score, and then a synergistic aroma quality judgment result can be generated based on the aroma score and the quality score. The aroma score can be obtained by weighting the content of key aldehyde aroma components, the proportion of key aldehyde aroma components to total volatile aroma components, total volatile oil content, and electronic nose aroma response value. The quality score can be obtained by weighting the leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, nitrate content, leaf fiberization degree, leaf integrity rate, and bolting state.

[0092] In one implementation, when the aroma score reaches the target aroma range and the quality score is within the product suitability range, the corresponding aroma meets the standard and the quality is suitable. When the aroma score does not reach the target aroma range but the quality score is within the product suitability range, the corresponding aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is suitable. When the aroma score reaches the target aroma range but the quality score is lower than the product suitability range, the corresponding aroma meets the standard but the quality is unsuitable. When the aroma score does not reach the target aroma range and the quality score is lower than the product suitability range, the corresponding aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is unsuitable.

[0093] The above scoring method is only one optional implementation method. The present invention can also adopt threshold comparison, grade judgment, interval judgment or multi-index rule judgment, as long as it can generate the aroma standard status, quality maintenance status and aroma quality synergistic judgment results in S51, S52 and S53.

[0094] Example 15: Harvesting and Post-harvest Coordination In one implementation, after entering the harvesting window, priority can be given to harvesting eryngium leaves that have not bolted, whose leaf edges are not obviously aged, and whose leaves are intact. During harvesting, leaf compression, breakage, and mechanical damage should be minimized. After harvesting, the leaves can be graded according to their commercial grade, and the aroma index group, commercial quality index group, and harvesting time corresponding to different grades of leaves can be recorded as part of the harvesting management results.

[0095] In one embodiment, to reduce post-harvest aroma and product quality fluctuations, short-term pre-cooling, low-temperature temporary storage, or moisturizing packaging can be performed after harvesting. The short-term pre-cooling, low-temperature temporary storage, or moisturizing packaging does not change the technical solution of the present invention with pre-harvest cultivation regulation as its core, but can be used in conjunction with the determination of the harvest window to maintain the aroma intensity, leaf moisture content, and product integrity of the eryngium leaves after harvesting.

[0096] Example 16: Overall Working Principle The overall working principle of this invention is as follows: First, through S1, the indicator collection objects, aroma indicator groups, commodity quality indicator groups, stage control parameter groups, target aroma ranges, and commodity suitable ranges within the same eryngium cultivation batch are unified. Then, through S2, the eryngium plants form a leaf base suitable for subsequent aroma enhancement control. Subsequently, through S3, imbalances such as excessive growth, insufficient aroma, and aging quality are identified and adjusted to match the leaf aroma formation base with the commodity quality maintenance state. Then, through S4, the accumulation of key aroma components is promoted when pre-harvest conditions permit, and the aroma induction intensity is limited when the commodity quality risk increases. Then, through S5 and S6, the aroma target state and quality maintenance state are jointly transformed into the harvest window. Finally, through S7, the aroma deviation, quality deviation, and control parameters of this batch are written back to the management of the next batch, thereby realizing continuous closed-loop cultivation of eryngium leaves for aroma enhancement, quality control, timely harvesting, and stable cross-batch cultivation.

[0097] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves during cultivation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a eryngium cultivation batch, and set an aroma index group for characterizing the aroma formation state of the leaves, a commodity quality index group for characterizing the commodity quality maintenance state of the leaves, a stage control parameter group for adjusting cultivation conditions, a target aroma range, and a commodity suitable range in the eryngium cultivation batch. S2. During the leaf expansion period, the stage control parameter group is called according to the leaf expansion status in the commodity quality index group to perform leaf expansion management, so that the eryngium plant forms the leaf base for subsequent aroma control. S3. During the quality balance period, the stage control parameter group is called to perform aroma balance management according to the corresponding changes between the aroma index group and the product quality index group, so that the aroma formation basis of the leaves and the product quality of the leaves are matched. S4. During the pre-harvest aroma induction period, the stage control parameter group is called to perform pre-harvest aroma induction management based on the accumulation status of key aroma components in the aroma index group and the risk status of commodity quality in the commodity quality index group, so that key aroma components enter the target aroma range before harvest and limit the decline in leaf commodity quality. S5. Jointly determine the aroma index group and the product quality index group to generate a aroma quality synergistic determination result. S6. When the aroma synergy determination result shows that the aroma index group reaches the target aroma range and the product quality index group is in the product suitable range, determine the harvesting window and harvest the eryngium leaves. S7. Use the aroma index group, commodity quality index group and stage control parameter group corresponding to the harvest window as batch correction data to correct the aroma enhancement and quality control management of the next batch of eryngium cultivation.

2. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the establishment of the eryngium cultivation batch includes: S11. The aralia cultivation batches are divided according to the same sowing time, the same seedling conditions, the same transplanting time, the same cultivation area, and the same basic cultivation substrate; S12. Select plants with average growth in the batch within the specified batch of eryngium cultivation as indicator plants. S13. The plants for which the indicators are collected are respectively mapped to the indicator collection nodes of the leaf expansion stage, the quality balance stage and the pre-harvest aroma induction stage, forming a continuous corresponding indicator collection object.

3. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S1, based on the continuously corresponding index collection objects, the set aroma index group, product quality index group, and stage control parameter group include: S14. At least two of the following are set as the aroma index group: the content of key aldehyde aroma components, the proportion of key aldehyde aroma components in total volatile aroma components, the total volatile oil content, and the electronic nose aroma response value. S15. Set at least three of the following as the product quality index group: leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf color value, leaf moisture content, nitrate content, degree of leaf fibrosis, leaf integrity rate, and bolting state. S16. Set at least four of the following as the stage control parameter group: shading rate, substrate or soil moisture content, available nitrogen supply, potassium supply, calcium and magnesium supply, effective daytime light intensity, supplemental lighting duration, irrigation amount, and diurnal temperature range, to form an aroma, quality and control parameter set corresponding to the index collection object.

4. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S2, based on the set of aroma, quality, and control parameters, the leaf expansion management includes: S21. When the leaf length, leaf width, or number of leaves is lower than the corresponding expansion benchmark, increase the moisture content of the substrate or soil and maintain the available nitrogen supply. S22. When the leaf color value is higher than the preset leaf color upper limit and the nitrate content is close to the preset nitrate upper limit, reduce the supply of available nitrogen and increase the supply of potassium. S23. When the leaf thickness is lower than the preset lower limit and the leaf moisture content is higher than the preset upper limit, reduce the shading rate or reduce the amount of water applied at one time to keep the leaf expansion rate, leaf structural strength and subsequent aroma formation foundation in harmony, and obtain the leaf foundation for entering the quality balance period.

5. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S3, based on the leaves that have entered the quality balance period, the aroma balance management first classifies the arugula leaf state type according to the combination state of the aroma index group and the commodity quality index group. The eryngium leaf condition types include vigorous growth type, insufficient aroma type, and quality aging type. The vigorous growth type is characterized by a leaf color value higher than the preset leaf color upper limit and a nitrate content close to the preset nitrate upper limit. The insufficient aroma type is characterized by a product quality index group within the product suitable range and a key aldehyde aroma component content lower than the stage aroma lower limit. The quality aging type is characterized by an increase in the key aldehyde aroma component content and a leaf thickness, leaf fibrosis degree, or bolting state close to the preset risk upper limit. The eryngium leaf condition types used for aroma balance adjustment are obtained.

6. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 5, characterized in that, In S3, based on the eryngium leaf state type used for performing aroma balance regulation, the aroma balance management further includes: S31. When the eryngium leaf condition is the vigorous growth type, reduce the supply of readily available nitrogen and increase the supply of potassium. S32. When the eryngium leaf condition type is the aroma-insufficient type, reduce the shading rate or increase the daytime effective light intensity, and adjust the supply of available nitrogen to a level lower than that during the leaf expansion period; S33. When the eryngium leaf condition type is the quality aging type, increase the substrate or soil moisture content, maintain the calcium and magnesium supply, and reduce the daytime effective light intensity, so that the aroma balance management forms a continuous regulation between inhibiting excessive leaf growth, promoting the formation of aroma base, and delaying the decline of commercial quality, thereby obtaining an aroma balance state before entering the pre-harvest aroma induction period.

7. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S4, based on the aroma quality balance state upon entering the pre-harvest aroma induction period, the pre-harvest aroma induction management includes: S41. When the product quality index group is within the product suitable range and the aroma index group is below the target aroma range, pre-harvest aroma induction is initiated. S42. During the pre-harvest aroma induction process, reduce the supply of readily available nitrogen, increase the supply of potassium, maintain the supply of calcium and magnesium, increase the effective daytime light intensity, prolong the time of low-intensity supplemental lighting, reduce the amount of water used per irrigation, and increase the diurnal temperature range, at least two of the following: S43. When the leaf moisture content is lower than the preset lower limit, the leaf thickness is higher than the preset upper limit, the leaf fiberization degree is close to the preset upper limit, or the bolting state is close to the preset bolting risk, reduce the execution intensity of the pre-harvest aroma induction management or stop the aroma induction control action to obtain the pre-harvest aroma quality status for joint judgment.

8. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S5, based on the pre-harvest aroma quality status used for joint determination, the generated aroma quality collaborative determination result includes: S51. Compare the aroma index group with the target aroma range to obtain the aroma compliance status; S52. Compare the product quality index group with the product suitable range to obtain the quality maintenance status; S53. Generate the aroma quality synergy judgment result based on the aroma standard status and the quality maintenance status. The aroma quality synergy judgment result includes four results: aroma not meeting the standard and quality suitable, aroma meeting the standard and quality suitable, aroma meeting the standard and quality unsuitable, and aroma not meeting the standard and quality unsuitable. Obtain the aroma quality synergy judgment result used to determine the harvest window.

9. The method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S6, based on the aroma synergy determination result used to determine the harvesting window, determining the harvesting window and harvesting the eryngium leaves includes: S61. When the aroma synergy determination result is that the aroma does not meet the standard but the quality is suitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction period is extended or the pre-harvest aroma induction management is maintained. S62. When the aroma synergy determination result is that the aroma meets the standard and the quality is suitable, the corresponding time period is determined as the harvest window, and the leaves of the aralia that have not bolted, whose leaf edges have not aged obviously and whose leaves are intact are harvested. S63. When the aroma synergy determination result is that the aroma meets the standard but the quality is not suitable, reduce the execution intensity of the pre-harvest aroma induction management and harvest in advance; S64. When the aroma synergy determination result is that the aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is not suitable, stop the pre-harvest aroma induction management and prioritize the management action to maintain the commercial quality of the leaves, and obtain the harvest management result corresponding to the harvest window.

10. A method for enhancing the aroma and controlling the quality of eryngium leaves according to claim 9, characterized in that, In S7, based on the harvest management results corresponding to the harvest window, the batch correction data includes the aroma deviation between the target aroma range and the actual aroma index group, the quality deviation between the suitable commodity range and the actual commodity quality index group, the amount of fast-acting nitrogen supplied in the leaf expansion management, the amount of potassium supplied and the shading rate in the aroma balance management, and the start time and execution intensity in the pre-harvest aroma induction management. If the aroma synergy assessment result of the previous batch of red celery cultivation is that the aroma does not meet the standard but the quality is suitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction period should be advanced or the intensity of pre-harvest aroma induction management should be increased in the next batch of red celery cultivation. If the aroma synergy assessment result of the previous batch of red celery cultivation is that the aroma meets the standard but the quality is unsuitable, the pre-harvest aroma induction period should be delayed or the intensity of pre-harvest aroma induction management should be reduced in the next batch of red celery cultivation. If the aroma synergy assessment result of the previous batch of red celery cultivation is that the aroma does not meet the standard and the quality is unsuitable, the supply of available nitrogen during the leaf expansion period should be reduced and the priority of maintaining the commodity quality during the quality balance period should be increased in the next batch of red celery cultivation.

Images