A corn close-planting population canopy light interception real-time monitoring and plant type directional correction method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of corn dense planting population canopy light interception real-time monitoring and plant type directional correction method, belong to corn cultivation and agricultural monitoring technical field.For solve the technical problems of monitoring lag, insufficient precision, plant type correction blindness, monitoring and control disconnection in prior art, the application successively includes: dense planting corn population pretreatment, canopy light interception real-time monitoring system deployment, canopy light interception real-time monitoring and abnormality judgment, plant type directional correction scheme formulation, plant type directional correction implementation and effect verification.The application realizes real-time accurate monitoring by multispectral imaging and distributed light quantum sensing cooperation, according to monitoring data, directional correction of leaf angle, plant height, local density is formulated and executed, closed-loop control is formed, canopy structure is optimized, group photosynthetic efficiency is improved, lodging and empty stalk risk is reduced, suitable for corn dense planting high-yield cultivation, practicality is strong, and application range is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of maize cultivation technology and agricultural monitoring technology, specifically to a method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant type in densely planted maize populations. Background Technology

[0002] High-density planting of maize is an important technique for increasing yield per unit area. By appropriately increasing planting density, land, light, water, and nutrient resources can be fully utilized, significantly improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the entire crop population. When the planting density reaches 4.5 × 10⁻⁶... 4 ~9.0×10 4 When the density of plants per hm² is high, the canopy structure of maize is prone to disorder, with leaves severely shading each other, resulting in uneven light distribution within the canopy, insufficient light interception by the middle and lower leaves, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. At the same time, the lodging rate and the rate of empty stalks increase significantly, which restricts further increases in maize yield.

[0003] Current methods for monitoring light interception in maize canopies primarily rely on traditional canopy analyzers such as AccuPARLP-80 and Sunscan for manual, timed measurements at fixed points. This approach has several drawbacks: First, it suffers from monitoring lag, as measurements are mostly taken after the fact, failing to achieve real-time dynamic monitoring. Second, it lacks accuracy, as traditional instruments can only measure photosynthetically active radiation at a single height or localized location, making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the differences in light distribution along the vertical and horizontal directions of the canopy. Furthermore, it is susceptible to interference from changes in solar altitude angle and sunlight spots, resulting in significant data errors. Third, it disconnects monitoring from control, as it only acquires light interception data and cannot be used to precisely correct plant type, thus failing to address the core issue of uneven light distribution in densely planted canopies.

[0004] In terms of plant type correction, existing technologies mainly rely on manual pruning, chemical regulation, or variety selection, which have obvious shortcomings: manual pruning is inefficient, labor-intensive, and lacks standardized correction methods, which can easily cause mechanical damage to plants; chemical regulation is mostly a broad-spectrum height control treatment, which cannot directionally regulate key plant type indicators such as leaf angle and leaf direction value, and is prone to causing phytotoxicity, affecting the normal growth of maize; variety selection has a long cycle and high cost, making it difficult to adapt to the real-time regulation needs of existing cultivation models, and it cannot cope with complex changes in the field environment and individual differences in the population.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated method that can achieve real-time and accurate monitoring of canopy light interception in densely planted maize populations, and can perform directional correction of plant type based on monitoring results, taking into account both monitoring accuracy and control efficiency, and adapting to dense planting scenarios. This method would solve the technical pain points of existing technologies, such as lagging monitoring, blind control, and low efficiency, and provide technical support for high-yield dense maize cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems of lagging and inaccurate monitoring of canopy light interception in densely planted maize populations, blind and inefficient plant type correction, and the disconnect between monitoring and control in existing technologies, this invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional plant type correction in densely planted maize populations. This method achieves real-time and accurate monitoring of canopy light interception and directional and efficient correction of plant type, optimizes canopy structure, improves photosynthetic efficiency, reduces the risk of lodging and empty stalks, and ensures high and stable yields in densely planted maize cultivation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Pretreatment of densely planted maize populations During the V6 stage of maize jointing, field preparation was carried out on densely planted maize populations to remove weeds and diseased or weak plants, ensuring uniform growth of the plants. Monitoring units were divided according to planting density, with each monitoring unit having an area of ​​10–15 m². Within each monitoring unit, 3–5 healthy plants with uniform growth were randomly marked as standard plants for plant type parameter measurement and correction demonstration. The plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of the standard plants were measured and recorded, the leaf area per plant was calculated, and the leaf aspect value (LOV) was measured simultaneously.

[0008] Step 2: Deployment of the real-time monitoring system for canopy light interception A light interception monitoring system is deployed in each monitoring unit. The light interception monitoring system includes a multispectral canopy imaging module, a distributed optical quantum sensing module, a data transmission module, and a terminal processing module. Multispectral canopy imaging module: Employs a 150° ultra-wide-angle lens with nonlinear distortion correction technology, mounted on the top of an adjustable measuring rod ranging from 0.5 to 3 meters. The lens automatically maintains a horizontal position and can extend into the canopy at different heights. It acquires multispectral images in the 400–700 nm visible light band and the 850 nm near-infrared band. A multispectral fusion spot elimination algorithm is used to eliminate solar spot interference, and the image edge stretching error is controlled within 2%. It is used to analyze canopy leaf area index (LAI), canopy porosity, and light interception rate (fIPAR). Distributed photonic quantum sensing module: Photonic quantum sensors are arranged at five heights in each monitoring unit, namely H5 at the top of the canopy, H4 from the top to the middle of the female ear, H3 at the ear, H2 from the female ear to the middle of the ground, and H1 15cm above the ground; the photonic quantum sensors are perpendicular to the row direction and are arranged between plants and between rows, with 3 to 4 sensors at each height; the sensor sensing spectrum range is 400nm to 700nm, and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity at each height is collected in real time, and the transmittance It / I0 is calculated, where I0 is the total ambient light intensity when the top of the canopy is unobstructed, and It is the radiation intensity at the corresponding height; Data transmission module: Employs LoRa or 5G wireless transmission technology to transmit multispectral image data and photosynthetically active radiation data to the terminal processing module in real time; Terminal processing module: Built-in canopy light interception analysis software processes the received data in real time, generates visual charts such as LAI vertical distribution map, light interception rate vertical distribution curve, and transmittance change curve, calculates the daily cumulative radiation interception of a single maize plant and the daily cumulative interception per unit area, stores the monitoring data to form a historical database, and the data can be exported in CSV format.

[0009] Step 3: Real-time monitoring and anomaly detection of canopy light interception The monitoring system continuously monitors maize from the jointing stage (V6) to the maturity stage (R6); monitoring frequency: once every 3 days from the jointing stage to the large-mouth stage (V12), once every 2 days from the large-mouth stage to the silking stage (VT), and once a day from the silking stage (VT) to the maturity stage (R6); monitoring time: each monitoring session is conducted on sunny mornings from 9:00 to 11:00, simultaneously recording the solar altitude angle at the monitoring time, avoiding extreme weather such as heavy rain and strong sunlight; the terminal processing module calculates key parameters of canopy light interception for each monitoring unit based on real-time monitoring data, including the average canopy light interception rate, the uniformity of light interception distribution at different heights, and the daily cumulative radiation interception per plant; Standard thresholds are set as follows: from jointing stage to large-mouth stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥65%, and the light interception distribution uniformity is ≥0.7; from large-mouth stage to silking stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥70%, and the light interception distribution uniformity is ≥0.75; from silking stage to maturity stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥60%, and the light interception distribution uniformity is ≥0.7. When the key parameters of light interception of the monitoring unit are lower than the standard thresholds for the corresponding growth stage, it is judged as an abnormality in canopy light interception. The terminal processing module automatically issues an early warning, locates the abnormal monitoring unit and abnormal area, and analyzes the cause of the abnormality. The causes of the abnormality include excessive plant height, excessive leaf angle, abnormal leaf area index, and uneven planting density.

[0010] Step 4: Development of Plant Type Orientation Correction Plan For areas with abnormal light interception, a personalized and targeted correction plan is developed based on the plant type parameters of standard plants and monitoring data. The correction goal is to optimize the canopy structure, restore the light interception parameters of abnormal areas to above the standard threshold for the corresponding growth stage, increase the light interception in the middle and lower parts of the canopy, and reduce the risk of plant lodging. Leaf angle orientation correction: To address insufficient light interception caused by excessively large leaf angles and flat shading, a combination of mechanical correction and chemical regulation is used. Mechanical correction uses a special correction clip, which is clamped at the midrib of the upper and middle leaves of corn to adjust the angle between the leaf and the horizontal plane to 45° to 60°. Chemical regulation involves spraying a special regulator with a concentration of 50 to 80 mg / L containing gibberellin inhibitors and trace elements, once every 10 to 15 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive applications. Plant height targeted regulation: To address excessive plant height, lodging susceptibility, and abnormal light interception caused by severe canopy top shading, spray a 100-150 mg / L chlormequat chloride regulator once during the jointing to heading stage to control maize plant height at 2.2-2.8 m, promoting robust stems and enhancing lodging resistance; gene editing to improve dwarf varieties allows for fine-tuning of regulator concentration; Localized plant density adjustment: To address abnormal light interception caused by excessively high planting density and overcrowding in certain areas, remove diseased, weak, and overly vigorous plants to maintain a localized planting density of 6.0 × 10⁻⁶. 4 ~7.5×10 4 Plants / hm², and apply fertilizer and water promptly after thinning; for compact corn varieties, appropriately increase the local density, and for spreading corn varieties, appropriately decrease the local density.

[0011] Step 5: Implementation and Effect Verification of Plant Type Orientation Correction According to the correction plan, maize plants in abnormal areas were directionally corrected, avoiding damage to maize leaves, stems, and young ears during the correction process. Correction effect verification: After correction, the monitoring system monitored once daily for 7-10 consecutive days, tracking the canopy light interception parameters in the abnormal areas. If the parameters recovered to above the standard threshold, the correction was deemed effective; if not, the cause was analyzed, the plan was adjusted, and correction was repeated. Comparative investigation: During the silking and maturity stages, the agronomic traits, yield, and yield composition parameters of the corrected and uncorrected areas were compared. Agronomic traits included plant height, leaf aspect ratio, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation. Yield and yield composition parameters included ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, and number of kernels per row. Kernel moisture content was uniformly converted to 14% for yield calculation. The dry matter accumulation after silking, dry matter transfer, and the contribution rate of dry matter transfer to kernel size were calculated to form a correction effect evaluation report.

[0012] Preferably, in step 2, the multispectral canopy imaging module uses a 150° ultra-wide-angle lens equipped with nonlinear distortion correction technology, and is installed at the top of an adjustable measuring rod of 0.5–3m. The lens automatically maintains a horizontal position and can extend into the canopy at different heights. The multispectral canopy imaging module acquires multispectral images in the 400–700nm visible light band and the 850nm near-infrared band, and uses a multispectral fusion light spot elimination algorithm to eliminate solar spot interference. The image edge stretching error is controlled within 2%, and it is used to analyze the canopy leaf area index (LAI), canopy porosity, and light interception rate (fIPAR).

[0013] Preferably, in step 2, the distributed photonic quantum sensing module arranges photonic quantum sensors at five heights in each monitoring unit. The five heights are H5 at the top of the canopy, H4 from the top to the middle of the female ear, H3 at the ear, H2 from the female ear to the middle of the ground, and H1 15cm above the ground. The photonic quantum sensors are perpendicular to the row direction and are arranged between plants and between rows, with 3 to 4 sensors arranged at each height. The sensor's sensing spectrum range is 400nm to 700nm, used to collect the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity at each height in real time and calculate the transmittance It / I0, where I0 is the total ambient light intensity when the top of the canopy is unobstructed, and It is the radiation intensity at the corresponding height.

[0014] Preferably, in step 2, the data transmission module adopts LoRa or 5G wireless transmission technology; the terminal processing module has built-in canopy light interception and analysis software, which is used to process data in real time, generate canopy-related distribution charts, calculate the daily cumulative radiation interception of a single tree and a unit area, store monitoring data to form a historical database, and the data can be exported in CSV format.

[0015] Preferably, in step 3, the monitoring frequency is as follows: once every 3 days from the jointing stage to the large-mouth stage (V12), once every 2 days from the large-mouth stage to the silking stage (VT), and once a day from the silking stage (VT) to the maturity stage (R6); each monitoring time is from 9:00 to 11:00 am on a sunny day, and the solar altitude angle is recorded simultaneously to avoid extreme weather.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3, the preset standard thresholds are: from the jointing stage to the large opening stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥65%, and the uniformity of light interception distribution is ≥0.7; from the large opening stage to the silking stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥70%, and the uniformity of light interception distribution is ≥0.75; from the silking stage to the maturity stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥60%, and the uniformity of light interception distribution is ≥0.7.

[0017] Preferably, in step 4, the leaf angle orientation correction adopts a combination of mechanical correction and chemical regulation; mechanical correction uses a special correction clamp to adjust the angle of the upper and middle leaves of corn to 45° to 60°; chemical regulation sprays a special regulator with a concentration of 50 to 80 mg / L containing gibberellin inhibitors and trace elements, sprayed once every 10 to 15 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive times.

[0018] Preferably, in step 4, the plant height is directionally controlled by spraying a 100-150 mg / L chlormequat chloride regulator once during the jointing stage to the large-mouth stage, thereby controlling the corn plant height to 2.2-2.8 m.

[0019] Preferably, in step 4, the local population density is adjusted by thinning out diseased, weak, and overgrown plants to maintain a local planting density of 6.0 × 10⁻⁶. 4 ~7.5×10 4Plants / hm², and apply fertilizer and water promptly after thinning; compact corn varieties can be appropriately increased in local areas, while spreading corn varieties can be appropriately decreased in local areas.

[0020] Preferably, in step 5, after the correction is completed, monitoring is conducted once a day for 7 to 10 consecutive days to verify the correction effect; the agronomic traits measured at the silking and maturity stages include plant height, leaf orientation value, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation; the yield and yield composition parameters include ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, and number of grains per row, and the grain moisture content is uniformly converted to 14% for yield calculation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Real-time and accurate monitoring of canopy light interception: Multispectral imaging and distributed photonic quantum sensing work together to cover the vertical and horizontal space of the canopy. The image error is controlled within 2% through the light spot elimination algorithm. Light interception parameters are acquired in real time, solving the problems of lag and insufficient accuracy in traditional monitoring, and providing accurate data support for plant type correction. 2. Achieve closed-loop linkage between monitoring and plant type correction: Based on real-time monitoring data, automatically identify abnormalities, locate areas, analyze causes, and formulate personalized correction plans to form a closed-loop control of "monitoring-abnormality judgment-targeted correction-effect verification," avoiding blind correction and improving control efficiency; 3. Precise and efficient plant type correction with wide adaptability: The three types of correction measures, namely leaf angle, plant height and density, are highly targeted. Mechanical correction causes little damage, chemical regulation concentration is precise, and density adjustment is adapted to the characteristics of varieties. It can be adapted to different planting densities and different types of maize varieties, making it highly practical. 4. Significantly improves maize yield and stress resistance in high-density planting: Optimizes canopy structure, improves photosynthetic efficiency of the canopy, and reduces the risk of lodging and empty stalks; experimental verification shows that the uniformity of light interception distribution is increased by 15% to 25%, the lodging rate is reduced by 20% to 30%, the empty stalk rate is reduced by 10% to 18%, and the yield is increased by 8% to 15%, providing reliable technical support for high-yield cultivation of maize in high-density planting. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 Experimental location: Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region; maize variety: Zhengdan 958; planting density: 6.75 × 10⁶ 4 Plant / hm²; 1. Pretreatment of densely planted maize population: During the jointing stage (V6), the field was prepared, and weeds and diseased or weak plants were removed. The field was divided into 12m² monitoring units, with 4 standard plants marked in each unit. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area per plant, and leaf aspect value (LOV) were measured. 2. Deployment of the real-time monitoring system for canopy light interception: Each unit is equipped with a 150° ultra-wide-angle multispectral module (2m adjustable measuring rod), 5 layers of distributed quantum sensors (3 per layer), a LoRa data transmission module, and a terminal processing module; 3. Real-time monitoring and anomaly assessment of canopy light interception: Monitoring was conducted every 3 days for stages V6-V12, every 2 days for stages V12-VT, and daily for stages VT-R6; monitoring was conducted on sunny mornings from 9:00 to 11:00. Monitoring in stage V10 showed that the average canopy light interception rate was 62% and the distribution uniformity was 0.65, both below the standard threshold. The anomaly was caused by an excessively large angle of 75° for the upper leaves. 4. Plant type orientation correction program development: using leaf angle correction, mechanical correction + chemical regulation; 5. Implementation and Effect Verification of Plant Type Orientation Correction: The leaf angle was adjusted to 52° using correction clips; 65 mg / L of special plant growth regulator was sprayed twice, with an interval of 12 days; monitoring was conducted for 8 consecutive days after correction, and the average light interception rate was 72% and the distribution evenness was 0.78, meeting the standards; Maturity survey: The lodging rate in the corrected area was 4.2%, the empty stalk rate was 3.1%, and the yield was 728 kg / mu; the lodging rate in the control area was 27.5%, the empty stalk rate was 15.8%, and the yield was 632 kg / mu; the yield increase in the corrected area was 15.2%.

[0024] Example 2 Experimental location: Northeast China spring maize region; maize variety: Xianyu 335; planting density: 7.2 × 10⁻⁶ 4 Plant / hm²; 1. Pretreatment of densely planted maize population: During the jointing stage (V6), the maize was divided into 15m² monitoring units, and standard plants were marked and plant type parameters were measured. 2. Deployment of the real-time monitoring system for canopy light interception: Same as in Example 1; 3. Real-time monitoring and anomaly assessment of canopy light interception: Monitoring in stage V11 showed that the plant height was 3.1m, the average light interception rate of the canopy was 64%, and the distribution evenness was 0.68, all of which were below the standard threshold. The anomaly was caused by excessive plant height. 4. Plant type orientation correction program formulation: Oriented control of plant height, spraying of chlormequat chloride-type regulators; 5. Implementation and effect verification of plant type orientation correction: Spray 120mg / L chlormequat chloride once at V11 stage to control plant height to 2.5m; monitoring 7 days after correction showed that light interception parameters met the standards; maturity survey: the yield in the corrected area was 756kg / mu, and the yield in the control area was 681kg / mu, an increase of 11.0%.

[0025] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Pretreatment of densely planted maize populations During the V6 stage of maize jointing, field preparation was carried out on densely planted maize populations to remove weeds and diseased or weak plants; monitoring units were divided according to planting density, with each monitoring unit having an area of ​​10–15 m²; within each monitoring unit, 3–5 healthy plants with consistent growth were randomly marked as standard plants, and the plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of the standard plants were measured and recorded, the leaf area of ​​a single plant was calculated, and the leaf aspect value (LOV) was measured simultaneously; Step 2: Deployment of the real-time monitoring system for canopy light interception A light interception monitoring system is deployed within each monitoring unit. This system includes a multispectral canopy imaging module, a distributed quantum sensing module, a data transmission module, and a terminal processing module. The multispectral canopy imaging module and the distributed quantum sensing module collaboratively collect light interception parameters at different heights and locations within the canopy. The data transmission module transmits the collected multispectral image data and photosynthetically active radiation data to the terminal processing module in real time. The terminal processing module is used for data processing, anomaly detection, and data storage. Step 3: Real-time monitoring and anomaly detection of canopy light interception The monitoring system continuously monitors maize from the jointing stage (V6) to the maturity stage (R6), with monitoring frequencies set according to the growth stage. The terminal processing module calculates key parameters of canopy light interception based on real-time monitoring data. These key parameters include the average canopy light interception rate, the uniformity of light interception distribution at different heights, and the daily cumulative radiation interception per plant. The system compares these key parameters with preset standard thresholds to determine whether canopy light interception is abnormal, locates abnormal areas, and analyzes the causes of the abnormalities. Step 4: Development of Plant Type Orientation Correction Plan For areas with abnormal light interception, a personalized directional correction plan is formulated based on the plant type parameters of standard plants and monitoring data. The correction plan includes at least one of leaf angle directional correction, plant height directional control, and local population density adjustment. The correction goal is to restore the light interception parameters of the abnormal area to above the standard threshold for the corresponding growth stage, optimize the canopy structure, and reduce the risk of lodging. Step 5: Implementation and Effect Verification of Plant Type Orientation Correction According to the correction plan, the maize plants in the abnormal area were directionally corrected, avoiding damage to maize leaves, stems and young ears during the correction process; after the correction was completed, the light interception parameters were continuously monitored to verify the correction effect. If the standard was not met, the plan was adjusted and the correction was repeated; at the silking and maturity stages, the agronomic traits, yield and yield composition parameters of the corrected area and the uncorrected area were compared and investigated, and the relevant indicators of dry matter accumulation and transfer were calculated to form a correction effect evaluation report.

2. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant type in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the multispectral canopy imaging module uses a 150° ultra-wide-angle lens equipped with nonlinear distortion correction technology. It is installed at the top of an adjustable measuring rod of 0.5–3m. The lens automatically maintains a horizontal position and can extend into the canopy at different heights. The multispectral canopy imaging module acquires multispectral images in the 400–700nm visible light band and the 850nm near-infrared band. It uses a multispectral fusion light spot elimination algorithm to eliminate solar spot interference, and the image edge stretching error is controlled within 2%. These images are used to analyze the canopy leaf area index (LAI), canopy porosity, and light interception rate (fIPAR).

3. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the distributed photonic quantum sensing module arranges photonic quantum sensors at five heights in each monitoring unit. The five heights are H5 at the top of the canopy, H4 from the top to the middle of the female ear, H3 at the ear, H2 from the female ear to the middle of the ground, and H1 15cm above the ground. The photonic quantum sensors are perpendicular to the row direction and are arranged between plants and between rows, with 3 to 4 sensors arranged at each height. The sensor's sensing spectrum range is 400nm to 700nm, used to collect the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity at each height in real time and calculate the transmittance It / I0, where I0 is the total ambient light intensity when the top of the canopy is unobstructed, and It is the radiation intensity at the corresponding height.

4. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the data transmission module adopts LoRa or 5G wireless transmission technology; the terminal processing module has built-in canopy light interception and analysis software, which is used to process data in real time, generate canopy-related distribution charts, calculate the daily cumulative radiation interception of a single tree and a unit area, and store monitoring data to form a historical database. The data can be exported in CSV format.

5. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the monitoring frequency is as follows: once every 3 days from the jointing stage to the large-mouth stage (V12), once every 2 days from the large-mouth stage to the silking stage (VT), and once a day from the silking stage (VT) to the maturity stage (R6). Each monitoring time is from 9:00 to 11:00 am on a sunny day, and the solar altitude angle is recorded simultaneously to avoid extreme weather.

6. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the preset standard thresholds are as follows: from the jointing stage to the large opening stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥65%, and the uniformity of light interception distribution is ≥0.7; from the large opening stage to the silking stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥70%, and the uniformity of light interception distribution is ≥0.75; from the silking stage to the maturity stage, the average light interception rate of the canopy is ≥60%, and the uniformity of light interception distribution is ≥0.

7.

7. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the leaf angle orientation correction adopts a combination of mechanical correction and chemical regulation. Mechanical correction uses a special correction clamp to adjust the angle of the upper and middle leaves of corn to 45° to 60°. Chemical regulation sprays a special regulator with a concentration of 50 to 80 mg / L containing gibberellin inhibitors and trace elements, sprayed once every 10 to 15 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive times.

8. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant type in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the plant height is directionally controlled by spraying 100-150 mg / L chlormequat chloride once during the jointing stage to the large head stage, so as to control the corn plant height at 2.2-2.8 m.

9. The method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the local planting density is adjusted by thinning out diseased, weak, and overly vigorous plants to maintain a local planting density of [missing information]. Plants / hm², and apply fertilizer and water promptly after thinning; compact corn varieties can be appropriately increased in local areas, while spreading corn varieties can be appropriately decreased in local areas.

10. A method for real-time monitoring of canopy light interception and directional correction of plant architecture in densely planted maize populations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, after the correction is completed, monitoring is conducted once a day for 7 to 10 consecutive days to verify the correction effect; the agronomic traits measured at the silking and maturity stages include plant height, leaf orientation value, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation; the yield and yield composition parameters include ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, and number of grains per row, and the grain moisture content is uniformly converted to 14% for yield calculation.