A target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device

Abstract

The application discloses a target-adjustable anti-drifting intelligent variable spraying device, which comprises a hydraulic lifting device, a rectangular bearing cross beam, a position adjusting device, a target-adjustable spraying adjusting device, a vertical anti-drifting device and an intelligent variable spraying mechanism, wherein the hydraulic lifting device is used for adjusting the working pitch angle of the rectangular bearing cross beam relative to the ground; the adjustable supporting wheels of the application can avoid crops and drip irrigation belts; the target-adjustable spraying adjusting device is used for adjusting two kinds of nozzle angles, so that the two kinds of nozzles can be used to switch the weed killing and insect killing modes; meanwhile, the application further comprises a flow guide cover and a flexible curtain cloth layer, which are combined to form an anti-drifting isolated spraying space, so as to effectively reduce the drift of mist droplets; the intelligent variable spraying mechanism is used to keep the spraying amount consistent, so as to improve the utilization rate of pesticides and the covering effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural plant protection machinery technology, specifically to a target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spraying device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field management of crops such as zucchini, plant protection spraying operations mainly include two categories: herbicide spraying in the gaps between rows and insecticide spraying on the crop plants. When spraying herbicides, the solution should primarily target the gaps between crop rows or weed areas. During spraying, the solution should ideally settle on the surface of weeds or bare ground. If the herbicide drifts to the crop plants, it can cause phytotoxicity, inhibiting plant growth and, in severe cases, affecting yield and quality. When spraying insecticides, the solution should adhere as much as possible to the surface and interior of the crop plants, especially to the upper and lower surfaces of leaves, the sides of the plants, and the interior of the canopy—areas where pests are active. Spraying should aim to maximize solution coverage while minimizing waste and pollution caused by drift to non-target areas. Because herbicides and insecticides target different organisms, there are significant differences in spray location, spray angle, and spray range. The nozzle angles of existing spraying devices are mostly fixed, making it impossible to flexibly switch the spraying direction according to the needs of both weeding and pest control, and making it difficult to take into account both wide-area ground spraying and directional spraying of plant sides. In the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, the cultivation of crops such as zucchini often employs a drip irrigation system combined with inter-row management. The spaces between rows present complex challenges due to the presence of drip irrigation tape, gravel, and undulating ground. Traditional boom sprayers, with their fixed height, wheel track, or nozzle angle, offer limited adaptability. When the sprayer travels in the field, ground undulations, vehicle vibration, changes in operating speed, and wind can cause droplets to drift, leading to herbicides entering the crop area or insecticides missing their target area. For crops like zucchini, the large and irregularly distributed leaves make it difficult to adequately cover the sides of the plants with a standard vertical downward spray, limiting insecticidal effectiveness. Furthermore, traditional sprayers often use a single-beam structure for their load-bearing beams, resulting in insufficient overall rigidity. This leads to deformation and vibration during field operations, affecting spray uniformity and the device's lifespan. Existing support wheels often only provide depth control or auxiliary support, failing to adjust for different operating heights or effectively distribute the weight of the sprayer to reduce vibration. The height, row spacing, and plant spacing of crops vary in different regions, agronomic patterns, and growth stages. Existing spraying devices mostly use fixed spray booms or fixed nozzles, which cannot adjust the spraying target position according to the target area, cannot quickly switch between inter-row weeding mode and plant insecticidal mode, and are difficult to adapt to the target spraying needs of different planting patterns. Existing anti-drift spraying devices typically use rigid covers or fixed baffles to isolate the spraying area. However, rigid covers are not adaptable to terrain and crop height, and are easily damaged by collisions with field gravel, drip irrigation tape, or plant branches and leaves. Fixed baffles, on the other hand, cannot automatically adjust their posture according to changes in the height of the spraying device or the slope of the ground, and cannot always keep the spray nozzles facing the ground, which can easily lead to skewness in the anti-drift space and affect the spraying effect. At the same time, most existing anti-drift covers are fixed and enclosed structures, and the entire cover needs to be disassembled for internal nozzle maintenance and angle adjustment, making maintenance and operation inconvenient. In addition, traditional sprayers typically output a fixed flow rate during operation and cannot adjust the spray volume in real time according to changes in vehicle speed. This can easily lead to problems such as insufficient pesticide application per unit area when the vehicle is traveling at high speed, excessive pesticide application per unit area when the vehicle is traveling at low speed, and continued spraying even when the vehicle is stopped. This not only wastes pesticides but may also cause pesticide damage and environmental pollution.

[0003] Therefore, improvements were made to this, proposing a target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing spray devices have fixed operating height, wheel track, target position and nozzle angle, poor anti-drift ability and spray volume that cannot be adjusted with vehicle speed, as mentioned above or in the prior art, this invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: including: a hydraulic lifting device, a rectangular load-bearing crossbeam, a position adjustment device, a target spray adjustment device, a vertical anti-drift device, and an intelligent variable spray mechanism; The hydraulic lifting device is installed at the front of the sprayer's chassis and is used to adjust the working pitch angle of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam relative to the ground, indirectly cooperating to achieve the working height adaptation adjustment of the vertical anti-drift device; The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam is connected to the hydraulic lifting device and serves as the main load-bearing structure. It is used to mount the position adjustment device, the target spray adjustment device, the vertical anti-drift device, and the intelligent variable spray mechanism. The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam includes a main beam for assembly and connection with the hydraulic lifting device. The position adjustment device is assembled on the left and right sides of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam. The position adjustment device includes a support wheel and is used to adjust the vertical extension length and the left and right position of the support wheel. The target spray adjustment device is installed on a rectangular support beam. The bottom of the target spray adjustment device is hinged to the vertical anti-drift device. The target spray adjustment device can move laterally along the rectangular support beam and lock, so as to drive the vertical anti-drift device to switch between the herbicide spraying position in the inter-row space and the insecticide spraying position on the crop plant. The vertical anti-drift device includes an anti-drift frame, a flow guide, a cover plate, and a flexible curtain layer. The flow guide and cover plate are installed on the outside of the anti-drift frame, and the flexible curtain layer is attached to the bottom of the anti-drift frame. The vertical anti-drift device maintains its operating posture with the opening facing the ground by its own weight. The flexible curtain layer can fit against the ground or crop canopy to form an anti-drift isolation spray space. The intelligent variable spray mechanism includes an on-board computer, a navigation system, a solenoid valve group, a spray pipe, a regular nozzle, and an angle-adjusting nozzle. The on-board computer is electrically connected to the navigation system and the solenoid valve group. The intelligent variable spray mechanism can adaptively adjust the spray flow rate according to the operating speed of the sprayer and supports manual switching of the spray operation mode.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, the hydraulic lifting device includes a three-point suspension device, a hydraulic cylinder, a lifting arm, a first lifting lug, and a second lifting lug. The front end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the top support point of the three-point suspension device, and the rear end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the main beam of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam through the first lifting lug. The front ends of the two lifting arms are respectively connected to the bottom support points on both sides of the three-point suspension device. The rear ends of the two lifting arms are respectively hinged to the main beam of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam through the second lifting lug. The hydraulic cylinder and the lifting arms work together to adjust the pitch angle between the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam and the ground.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam further includes a sub-beam, a crossbeam fixing device, and a transverse adjustment bolt; The main beam is located in front of the working direction, and the secondary beam is arranged in parallel behind the main beam. The main beam and the secondary beam together form a rectangular load-bearing frame structure. The crossbeam fixing device is mounted across the main beam and the secondary beam. The crossbeam fixing device is equipped with several transverse adjusting bolts, which are used to achieve transverse locking and fixing and position adjustment of the crossbeam fixing device on the main beam and the secondary beam.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, the position adjustment device includes a support wheel, a front fork, a support leg, a fixed seat, and a height adjustment bolt. The support wheel is fixedly installed on the bottom of the outrigger via the front fork, the outrigger is vertically mounted inside the retaining seat, and the retaining seat is fixedly connected to the crossbeam fixing device. The outrigger rod has several through holes arranged in a vertical array, and a set of matching through holes are opened on both sides of the base. The height adjustment bolt is inserted through the through holes of the outrigger and the base. By changing the position of the insertion through hole, the height of the support wheel off the ground can be adjusted and locked in stages.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, the target spray adjustment device includes a target moving device, a target adjusting bolt, a fixing lug and a limiting plate; The target moving device is slidably installed on the sub-beam of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam, and the target adjusting bolt is assembled on the target moving device to realize the lateral sliding and locking positioning of the target moving device on the sub-beam. The fixed lugs are symmetrically installed on both sides of the bottom of the target moving device, and the fixed lugs are hinged to the vertical anti-drift device; The limiting plates are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the fixed lifting lug to limit the swing angle of the vertical anti-drift device along the forward direction of the sprayer.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, the vertical anti-drift device further includes a suspension lug; The suspension lugs are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the anti-drift frame, and the suspension lugs are hinged to the fixing lugs of the target spray adjustment device. The center of gravity of the anti-drift frame is lower than the hinge point between the suspension lug and the fixed lug, so that the vertical anti-drift device always maintains an opening-down working posture under its own weight.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, wherein: the cover plate is hinged to the rear side of the flow guide, and the cover plate can open and close relative to the flow guide; When the cover is closed, the cover and the deflector form a four-sided closed structure to block natural wind and the inertial airflow of the sprayer. When the cover is opened, the angle adjustment nozzle inside the flow guide is exposed, which facilitates the adjustment and testing of the nozzle angle.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, the flexible curtain layer is configured as four pieces, which are respectively attached to the four sides of the bottom of the anti-drift frame. The flexible curtain layer is made of waterproof and flexible material, which can adapt to flexible deformation when in contact with the ground, drip irrigation tape, gravel or crop plants, ensuring the airtightness of the anti-drift isolation spray space.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, wherein: the vehicle-mounted computer and navigation system are both installed in the sprayer cab, and the solenoid valve group is fixedly mounted on the main beam of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam; The on-board computer has pre-stored standard spray volume parameters per unit area. It collects vehicle speed information in real time through the navigation system, and controls the opening and closing frequency or conduction degree of the solenoid valve group in a closed loop to adjust the flow rate of the liquid inside the nozzle, thereby realizing intelligent variable spraying operation.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention, wherein: the spray pipe is suspended and installed on the upper side inside the vertical anti-drift device, and three nozzles are evenly arranged below the spray pipe, with a normal nozzle in the middle and angle-adjustable nozzles on both sides; The spray direction of the ordinary nozzle is fixed vertically downward, while the spray angle of the angle-adjustable nozzle can be adjusted horizontally to switch between a vertically downward spray state and an inward deflection spray state.

[0016] Beneficial effects This invention achieves overall working height adjustment through a hydraulic lifting device. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the center of the main beam, ensuring uniform lifting force transmission and smooth operation. It can adapt to the plant protection needs of different crop heights and different growth stages, thereby improving the operational adaptability of the spraying device. The support wheel height and lateral spacing can be adjusted in stages by the position adjustment device. The support wheel can avoid crop rows and drip irrigation tape, while rolling close to the ground to share the weight of the spraying unit, reduce vibration, improve the device's passability and operational stability, and reduce damage to field facilities and crops. The vertical anti-drift device is laterally slidable and locked in place by adjusting the target spraying device. Combined with the nozzle angle adjustment, the two work together to enable the spraying device to quickly switch between herbicide spraying in the gaps between rows and insecticide spraying on crop plants without disassembling parts, thus improving the target spraying effect and work efficiency. The hinged structure of the vertical anti-drift device keeps the overall center of gravity of the device below the hinge point. Under its own weight, it automatically keeps the opening facing the ground, ensuring a stable spray angle when the ground is uneven or the hydraulic lifting height changes, and reducing the drift of the liquid caused by the angle change. By using a deflector to block natural wind, a cover plate to block the inertial airflow of the vehicle, and a flexible curtain layer to adhere to the ground or crop canopy, a four-sided closed anti-drift isolation space is formed. Drift droplets settle due to gravity within the space, effectively reducing pesticide drift and minimizing contamination of non-target areas. The flexible curtain layer is made of waterproof and flexible material, which can flexibly bend and deform according to ground undulations, gravel, drip irrigation tape and crop canopy, and automatically recover after passing over obstacles, so as to reduce collision damage and mechanical damage to plants while ensuring the anti-drift effect. Variable spray control is achieved through an onboard computer, navigation system, and solenoid valve assembly. The navigation system uses RTK differential positioning to collect vehicle speed and location information in real time and automatically adjusts the spray volume according to the working speed, so as to achieve fast spraying when moving fast, slow spraying when moving slow, and no spraying when stopped, so as to maintain a consistent amount of pesticide per unit area and reduce the risk of insufficient or excessive pesticide application. By combining a fixed vertical nozzle with an adjustable nozzle on both sides that can deflect inwards, and a target spray adjustment device that adjusts the lateral position, the system can switch between two spray modes: weeding between rows and insecticidal spraying on plants. The pesticide solution can cover the top, sides, and inside the canopy of the plants, improving pesticide utilization and spray coverage. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device for targets according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device for targets according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the position adjustment device structure of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the target spray adjustment device of the target adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent variable spray mechanism structure of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a block diagram of the internal structure of the driver's cab of the target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device of the present invention; In the picture: 1. Hydraulic lifting device; 11. Three-point suspension device; 12. Hydraulic cylinder; 13. Lifting arm; 14. First lifting lug; 15. Second lifting lug; 2. Rectangular load-bearing crossbeam; 21. Main beam; 22. Secondary beam; 23. Crossbeam fixing device; 24. Lateral adjusting bolt; 3. Position adjustment device; 31. Support wheel; 32. Front fork; 33. Outrigger; 34. Mounting seat; 35. Height adjustment bolt; 4. Target spray adjustment device; 41. Target moving device; 42. Target adjustment bolt; 43. Fixing lug; 44. Limiting plate; 5. Vertical anti-drift device; 51. Suspension lugs; 52. Anti-drift frame; 53. Shield; 54. Cover plate; 55. Flexible fabric layer; 6. Intelligent variable spray mechanism; 61. Onboard computer; 62. Navigation system; 63. Solenoid valve assembly; 64. Spray pipe; 65. Ordinary nozzle; 66. Angle-adjustable nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] Example, refer to Figures 1 to 6 ; Specifically, a target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device is provided, including: a hydraulic lifting device 1, a rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2, a position adjustment device 3, a target spray adjustment device 4, a vertical anti-drift device 5, and an intelligent variable spray mechanism 6; The hydraulic lifting device 1 is installed at the front of the sprayer's chassis and is used to adjust the working pitch angle of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 relative to the ground. It can indirectly cooperate with the vertical anti-drift device 5 to adapt and adjust the working height. In actual application, the hydraulic lifting device 1 can also be installed at the rear of the sprayer. The specific installation position of the hydraulic lifting device 1 is determined according to the selected vehicle. Regardless of the installation method, the relevant vehicle needs to be equipped with a liquid tank. Then, the intelligent variable spray mechanism 6 can connect to the liquid tank to spray the liquid after starting. The hydraulic lifting device 1 includes a three-point suspension device 11, a hydraulic cylinder 12, a lifting arm 13, a first lifting lug 14, and a second lifting lug 15. The three-point suspension device 11 can be selected from the standard three-point suspension interface of agricultural tractors to meet the operation requirements of different crop heights. The front end of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is hinged to the top support point of the three-point suspension device 11, and the rear end of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is hinged to the main beam 21 of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 through the first lifting lug 14. The rear end of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is connected to the center position of the main beam 21 through the first lifting lug 14, so that the lifting force is evenly transmitted to the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2, ensuring the stability of the crossbeam pitch attitude adjustment process. The front ends of the two lifting arms 13 are respectively connected to the support points on both sides of the bottom of the three-point suspension device 11. The rear ends of the two lifting arms 13 are respectively hinged to the main beam 21 of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 through the second lifting lug 15. The hydraulic cylinder 12 works in coordination with the lifting arms 13 to adjust the pitch angle between the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 and the ground. When the working height needs to be adjusted, the driver controls the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 12 through the hydraulic output of the tractor. When the hydraulic cylinder 12 retracts, the lifting arm 13 rotates upward around the bottom support point of the three-point suspension device 11, the front end of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 is raised and the whole is tilted upward. When the hydraulic cylinder 12 extends, the lifting arm 13 rotates downward, the front end of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 is lowered and the whole is tilted downward. The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 is connected to the hydraulic lifting device 1 and serves as the main load-bearing structure. It is used to mount the position adjustment device 3, the target spray adjustment device 4, the vertical anti-drift device 5, and the intelligent variable spray mechanism 6. The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 includes a main beam 21 for assembly and connection with the hydraulic lifting device 1. The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 also includes a secondary beam 22, a crossbeam fixing device 23, and a transverse adjusting bolt 24; The main beam 21 is located in front of the working direction, and the secondary beam 22 is arranged in parallel behind the main beam 21. The main beam 21 and the secondary beam 22 together form a rectangular load-bearing frame structure. Both the main beam 21 and the secondary beam 22 can be made of rectangular steel pipe, square pipe or other profiles with sufficient strength. The crossbeam fixing device 23 is straddling the main beam 21 and the secondary beam 22. The crossbeam fixing device 23 is equipped with several transverse adjusting bolts 24. The transverse adjusting bolts 24 are used to achieve transverse locking and position adjustment of the crossbeam fixing device 23 on the main beam 21 and the secondary beam 22. In actual use, the width of the crossbeam fixing device 23 is adjusted according to the actual planting mode. The crossbeam fixing device 23 adopts a U-shaped clamping structure and is straddling the main beam 21 and the secondary beam 22. Each crossbeam fixing device 23 is equipped with several transverse adjusting bolts 24. When it is necessary to adjust the lateral position of the position adjustment device 3, loosen the lateral adjustment bolt 24, push the crossbeam fixing device 23 to slide laterally along the main beam 21 and the secondary beam 22 to the target position, and then tighten the lateral adjustment bolt 24 to complete the locking and fixing. The position adjustment device 3 is respectively arranged on the crossbeam fixing device 23 on the left and right sides of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2. The position adjustment device 3 is assembled on the left and right sides of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2. The position adjustment device 3 includes a support wheel 31. The position adjustment device 3 is used to adjust the vertical extension length and the left and right position of the support wheel 31. The position adjustment device 3 includes a support wheel 31, a front fork 32, a support leg 33, a fixed seat 34, and a height adjustment bolt 35. The support leg 33 is made of square steel tube, and the support wheel 31 is made of rubber wheel, narrow wheel, or anti-slip wheel suitable for field walking, which can reduce the crushing area on field crops. The support wheel 31 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outrigger 33 via the front fork 32. The outrigger 33 is vertically mounted inside the base 34. The base 34 is fixedly connected to the crossbeam fixing device 23. The base 34 is a rectangular tubular structure with an inner cavity cross section larger than the outrigger 33 cross section, ensuring that the outrigger 33 can slide smoothly inside the base 34. The support leg 33 has several through holes arranged in a vertical array. The fixed seat 34 has a set of matching through holes on both sides. The height adjustment bolt 35 is inserted through the through holes of the support leg 33 and the fixed seat 34. By changing the position of the insertion through hole, the vertical extension length of the support wheel 31 can be adjusted and locked in stages. During field operations, the support wheel 31 rolls in contact with the ground, sharing part of the weight of the rectangular load-bearing beam 2 and the spraying unit, reducing the vibration of the spraying device caused by the swaying of the suspension structure, and improving the uniformity of spraying. By adjusting the position of the beam fixing device 23 through the lateral adjusting bolt 24, the wheel distance between the two support wheels 31 can be changed simultaneously, so that the support wheels 31 avoid the crop rows and drip irrigation tape laying positions, preventing damage to crops and drip irrigation facilities. The target spray adjustment device 4 is installed on the rectangular support beam 2, and the bottom of the target spray adjustment device 4 is hinged to the vertical anti-drift device 5. The target spray adjustment device 4 can move laterally along the rectangular support beam 2 and lock, so as to drive the vertical anti-drift device 5 to switch between the herbicide spraying position in the row gap and the insecticide spraying position on the crop plant. The target spray adjustment device 4 includes a target moving device 41, a target adjusting bolt 42, a fixed lifting lug 43 and a limiting plate 44. The target moving device 41 is set to a number of units and is arranged laterally along the sub-beam 22. A vertical anti-drift device 5 is suspended below each target moving device 41 to adapt to the needs of multiple rows working simultaneously. The target moving device 41 is slidably installed on the sub-beam 22 of the rectangular bearing beam 2. The target adjusting bolt 42 is assembled on the target moving device 41 to realize the lateral sliding and locking positioning of the target moving device 41 on the sub-beam 22. The target moving device 41 adopts a sliding sleeve structure and is fitted on the sub-beam 22. Its inner cavity cross section is clearance-fitted with the outer cross section of the sub-beam 22 to ensure smooth sliding. The target adjusting bolt 42 is distributed on the front and rear sides of the target moving device 41 for locking. Fixed lugs 43 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the bottom of the target moving device 41, and fixed lugs 43 are hinged to vertical anti-drift device 5; Limiting plates 44 are installed on the front and rear sides of the fixed lug 43 respectively to limit the swing angle of the vertical anti-drift device 5 along the forward direction of the sprayer. The limiting plates 44 are rectangular metal plates that are welded or bolted to the front and rear sides of the fixed lug 43. While ensuring that the vertical anti-drift device 5 can swing freely vertically, the sprayer is prevented from shaking too much due to inertia or ground undulation. The vertical anti-drift device 5 includes an anti-drift frame 52, a flow guide 53, a cover plate 54, and a flexible curtain layer 55. The flow guide 53, cover plate 54, and flexible curtain layer 55 can all be made of transparent materials. The flow guide 53 can be made of UV-modified PC (polycarbonate, endurance board), the cover plate 54 can be made of UV weather-resistant PC endurance board, and the flexible curtain layer 55 can be made of UV-stabilized transparent soft PVC. The flow guide 53 and cover plate 54 are wrapped around the outside of the anti-drift frame 52, and the flexible curtain layer 55 is hung at the bottom of the anti-drift frame 52. The vertical anti-drift device 5 maintains its operating posture with the opening facing the ground by its own weight, which is suitable for field operation needs. The flexible curtain layer 55 can fit the ground or crop canopy to form an anti-drift isolation spray space. The anti-drift frame 52 can be formed by welding and bolting lightweight metal pipes or plates. Its cross-section can be set as a rectangle, trapezoid, or approximately square structure according to the crop row spacing and spray width to adapt to standard crop row spacing. The vertical anti-drift device 5 also includes a suspension lug 51; The suspension lugs 51 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the anti-drift frame 52, and the suspension lugs 51 are hinged to the fixing lugs 43 of the target spray adjustment device 4. The center of gravity of the anti-drift frame 52 is lower than the hinge point between the suspension lug 51 and the fixed lug 43, so that the vertical anti-drift device 5 always maintains an opening-down working posture under its own weight. Since the center of gravity of the anti-drift frame 52 and the guide shroud 53, cover plate 54 and flexible curtain layer 55 installed on it are located below the hinge point, when the ground undulates or the hydraulic lifting device 1 adjusts the pitch of the crossbeam, the vertical anti-drift device 5 can swing freely around the hinge point under its own weight, automatically maintaining the opening facing the ground, ensuring that the spray direction is always perpendicular to the ground, and effectively reducing the drift of the liquid caused by the change of spray angle. The cover plate 54 is hinged to the rear side of the fairing 53. The cover plate 54 can open and close relative to the fairing 53. The fairing 53 is fixed to the four outer sides of the anti-drift frame 52 by rivets or bolts. When the cover plate 54 is closed, the cover plate 54 and the deflector 53 form a four-sided closed structure to block natural wind and the inertial airflow of the sprayer. The cover plate 54 is installed on the rear side of the deflector 53 by hinge. When the cover plate 54 is opened, the angle adjustment nozzle 66 inside the flow guide shroud 53 is exposed, which makes it easy to adjust the nozzle angle. During spraying operations, the cover plate 54 remains closed. The guide shroud 53 and the cover plate 54 together form a four-sided enclosed windproof and isolation space. Natural wind is blocked by the outer wall of the guide shroud 53, and the inertial airflow generated by the sprayer is blocked by the rear cover plate 54. Drifting droplets are confined inside the guide shroud 53 and settle to the target spraying area under gravity, thereby reducing pesticide drift. When the nozzles need maintenance and adjustment, the cover plate 54 can be lifted upwards to expose the internal spray pipe 64 and nozzles, facilitating inspection and angle adjustment by operators. The flexible curtain layer 55 is configured as four pieces, which are respectively hung on the four sides of the bottom of the anti-drift frame 52. The flexible curtain layer 55 has good flexibility and aging resistance. The upper end of each flexible curtain layer 55 is fixed to the bottom edge of the anti-drift frame 52 by pressure strips and bolts. The flexible curtain layer 55 is made of waterproof flexible material. When it comes into contact with the ground, drip irrigation tape, gravel or crop plants, it can adapt to flexible deformation to ensure the airtightness of the anti-drift isolation spray space and ensure the airtight isolation effect. The four flexible curtain layers 55 are enclosed at the bottom of the anti-drift frame 52 to form a rectangular flexible barrier. When herbicides are sprayed in the gaps between rows, the bottom of the flexible curtain layer 55 is close to or near the ground. When it encounters gravel, clods of soil or drip irrigation tape in the field, the flexible curtain layer 55 can bend and deform flexibly, and return to its original shape after passing over the obstacle. This ensures the anti-drift effect while avoiding collision damage. When insecticides are sprayed on crop plants, the bottom of the flexible curtain layer 55 is close to or near the average height of the plant canopy. This reduces pesticide drift, and the mechanical damage to plant leaves and stems caused by the flexible material is much less than that caused by the rigid material. The intelligent variable spray mechanism 6 includes an on-board computer 61, a navigation system 62, a solenoid valve group 63, a spray pipe 64, a regular nozzle 65, and an angle-adjusting nozzle 66. The regular nozzle 65 can be a hollow cone spray or a fan-shaped nozzle. The on-board computer 61 is electrically connected to the navigation system 62 and the solenoid valve group 63 respectively. The intelligent variable spray mechanism 6 can adaptively adjust the spray flow according to the operating speed of the sprayer and supports manual switching of the spray operation mode. After the deflector 53, cover plate 54, and flexible curtain layer 55 are made of transparent materials, the intelligent variable spray mechanism 6 can be directly observed without opening the cover plate 54. The navigation system 62 can be a Beidou satellite positioning system. The on-board computer 61 and navigation system 62 are both installed in the sprayer cab. The solenoid valve group 63 is fixedly mounted on the main beam 21 of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2. The navigation system 62 adopts an RTK differential positioning module, which can accurately obtain the position and speed of the implement. The on-board computer 61 has pre-stored the standard spray volume parameters per unit area. The spray width parameters are pre-input by the operator according to the actual type of nozzle installed and the operation mode. The navigation system 62 collects the operation speed information in real time and controls the opening and closing frequency or conduction degree of the solenoid valve group 63 in a closed loop to adjust the flow rate of the liquid inside the spray pipe 64, so as to realize intelligent variable spray operation. The solenoid valve group 63 can realize independent flow control of each spray unit. Each solenoid valve is connected to a spray pipe 64 in the vertical anti-drift device 5 through the drug supply pipeline to realize segmented independent variable control. Before the spraying operation begins, the operator inputs the preset spray volume per unit area through the vehicle-mounted computer 61. For example, the corresponding spray volume per unit area is set according to the agronomic needs of the field. During the operation, the navigation system 62 collects the driving speed and position information of the sprayer in real time and transmits the data to the vehicle-mounted computer 61. The vehicle-mounted computer 61 calculates the instantaneous spray flow rate required for each section based on the preset spray volume per unit area, real-time vehicle speed and spray width, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the liquid in the nozzle 64. When the sprayer speed increases, the vehicle-mounted computer 61 automatically increases the duty cycle of the solenoid valve to increase the spray flow rate. When the driving speed decreases, it automatically decreases the duty cycle to reduce the spray flow rate. When the sprayer stops or turns at the end of the field, the vehicle-mounted computer 61 controls the solenoid valve to close completely, so that the spraying stops when the machine stops, avoiding waste of liquid and excessive application of pesticide in some areas. The nozzle 64 is suspended and installed inside the upper side of the vertical anti-drift device 5. Three nozzles are evenly arranged below the nozzle 64, with the ordinary nozzle 65 in the middle and the angle adjustment nozzles 66 on both sides. The nozzle 64 is fixed to the crossbeam inside the upper side of the anti-drift frame 52 by pipe clamps. The liquid inlet of the nozzle 64 is connected to the corresponding liquid outlet of the solenoid valve group 63 through a hose. The ordinary nozzle 65 sprays vertically downwards. It uses a standard fan-shaped or conical nozzle and is fixedly installed in the center of the spray pipe 64. The spray angle of the angle-adjusting nozzle 66 can be adjusted laterally to switch between vertically downward spraying and inward-deflecting spraying. The angle-adjusting nozzle 66 uses an adjustable spherical universal nozzle. Two angle-adjusting nozzles 66 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the ordinary nozzle 65. The angle-adjusting nozzle 66 uses an adjustable spherical universal nozzle and allows manual adjustment of the spray angle according to the operating mode. It can deflect inwards to improve the adhesion of the pesticide. The spherical connector of the angle-adjusting nozzle 66 can rotate freely and lock. The operator can manually adjust its spray angle according to the operating mode.

[0020] Comprehensive work steps: Step 1: The driver adjusts the pitch angle of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 through the hydraulic lifting device 1, controls the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 12, and drives the lifting arm 13 to rotate around the three-point suspension device 11, so that the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam 2 adapts to the field operation posture. The operation posture is adapted by the self-weight hinge swing of the vertical anti-drift device 5. When spraying herbicides between rows, the flexible curtain layer 55 follows the undulation of the ground and stays close to the ground. When spraying plant insecticides, the reference height of the crossbeam can be adjusted through the hydraulic lifting device 1 so that the bottom of the flexible curtain layer 55 is close to the average height of the plant canopy. Step 2: Adjust the position adjustment device 3 according to the working height, pull out the height adjustment bolt 35, slide the outrigger 33 in the fixed seat 34 to the corresponding through hole position, reinsert the height adjustment bolt 35 and lock it, so that the support wheel 31 contacts the ground to provide stable support. At the same time, loosen the lateral adjustment bolt 24 as needed, move the crossbeam fixing device 23 laterally, so that the support wheel 31 avoids the crop row and drip irrigation tape. After the adjustment is completed, tighten the lateral adjustment bolt 24. Step 3: Loosen the target adjustment bolt 42, slide the target moving device 41 laterally to the target position. When weeding between rows, move the target moving device 41 above the gap between rows. When killing insects on the plants, move the target moving device 41 above the crop plants. After adjustment, tighten the target adjustment bolt 42 to lock it. Step 4: Open the cover plate 54 and manually adjust the spray angle of the nozzle 66 according to the operation mode. Adjust both angle-adjusting nozzles 66 to a vertical downward position, forming a wide downward spray area together with the ordinary nozzle 65. When killing insects on plants, point the two angle-adjusting nozzles 66 towards the side of the crop plant to improve the adhesion rate of the pesticide on the side of the plant and inside the canopy. After adjustment, close the cover plate 54. Step 5: Input the standard spray volume per unit area through the vehicle's onboard computer 61 to complete the spray parameter settings; During spraying operations, the sprayer travels along the direction of the crop rows, and the specific coordinated operation is as follows: The hydraulic lifting device 1 maintains the rectangular load-bearing beam 2 in a set pitch position, and the support wheel 31 of the position adjustment device 3 rolls along the ground to provide auxiliary support for the rectangular load-bearing beam 2 and the spraying device, reducing swaying and vibration. Under its own weight, the vertical anti-drift device 5 maintains an operating posture with its opening facing the ground through the hinge structure of the suspension lug 51 and the fixed lug 43. When the ground undulates or the hydraulic lifting device 1 adjusts the pitch of the crossbeam, the vertical anti-drift device 5 automatically swings around the hinge point to adjust its posture, ensuring that the nozzle always sprays vertically to the ground and reducing the drift of the liquid caused by the angle change. The four-sided enclosed space formed by the deflector 53 and the cover plate 54 blocks natural wind and inertial airflow. The flexible curtain layer 55 is attached to the ground or crop canopy at the bottom to form a closed anti-drift isolation spray space. The droplets settle to the target area under the action of gravity in the enclosed space and are not blown away by natural wind, thus achieving precise target spraying. The intelligent variable spray mechanism 6 regulates the spray flow in real time, the navigation system 62 collects the real-time driving speed and location information of the sprayer at high frequency, and the on-board computer 61 dynamically adjusts the liquid flow of each section of the spray pipe 64 according to the preset unit area spray volume and real-time vehicle speed to achieve intelligent variable spraying of "fast driving and fast spraying, slow driving and slow spraying, and no spraying when stopped", ensuring that the amount of pesticide applied per unit area is always consistent. For the inter-row herbicide spraying mode, both the ordinary nozzle 65 and the two angle-adjustable nozzles 66 spray vertically downwards. Under the restriction of the vertical anti-drift device 5, the herbicide concentrates and settles in the inter-row space, achieving a larger spray width and coverage area. At the same time, it effectively prevents the herbicide from drifting to the crop plant areas on both sides, avoiding herbicide damage. For the plant insecticide spraying mode, the ordinary nozzle 65 sprays vertically downwards to cover the top of the plant, while the two angle-adjustable nozzles 66 deflect inwards to spray from both sides to the sides of the plant and the interior of the canopy, so that the pesticide solution can fully cover all parts of the plant, improving the adhesion rate and control effect of the insecticide.

[0021] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device, characterized in that, include: Hydraulic lifting device (1), rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2), position adjustment device (3), target spray adjustment device (4), vertical anti-drift device (5), and intelligent variable spray mechanism (6); The hydraulic lifting device (1) is installed at the front of the sprayer chassis and is used to adjust the working pitch angle of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2) relative to the ground. It can indirectly cooperate to realize the working height adaptation adjustment of the vertical anti-drift device (5). The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2) is connected to the hydraulic lifting device (1) and serves as the main load-bearing structure. It is used to mount the position adjustment device (3), the target spray adjustment device (4), the vertical anti-drift device (5), and the intelligent variable spray mechanism (6). The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2) includes a main beam (21) for assembly and connection with the hydraulic lifting device (1). The position adjustment device (3) is assembled on the left and right sides of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2). The position adjustment device (3) includes a support wheel (31). The position adjustment device (3) is used to adjust the vertical extension length and the left and right position of the support wheel (31). The target spray adjustment device (4) is installed on the rectangular support beam (2). The bottom of the target spray adjustment device (4) is hinged to the vertical anti-drift device (5). The target spray adjustment device (4) can move laterally along the rectangular support beam (2) and lock, so as to drive the vertical anti-drift device (5) to switch between the herbicide spraying position in the row gap and the insecticide spraying position on the crop plant. The vertical anti-drift device (5) includes an anti-drift frame (52), a flow guide (53), a cover plate (54), and a flexible curtain layer (55). The flow guide (53) and the cover plate (54) are wrapped around the outside of the anti-drift frame (52). The flexible curtain layer (55) is attached to the bottom of the anti-drift frame (52). The vertical anti-drift device (5) maintains its working posture with the opening facing the ground by its own weight. The flexible curtain layer (55) can fit against the ground or the crop canopy to form an anti-drift isolation spray space. The intelligent variable spray mechanism (6) includes an on-board computer (61), a navigation system (62), a solenoid valve group (63), a spray pipe (64), a regular nozzle (65), and an angle-adjusting nozzle (66). The on-board computer (61) is electrically connected to the navigation system (62) and the solenoid valve group (63) respectively. The intelligent variable spray mechanism (6) can adaptively adjust the spray flow according to the operating speed of the sprayer and supports manual switching of the spray operation mode.

2. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic lifting device (1) includes a three-point suspension device (11), a hydraulic cylinder (12), a lifting arm (13), a first lifting lug (14), and a second lifting lug (15). The front end of the hydraulic cylinder (12) is hinged to the top support point of the three-point suspension device (11), and the rear end of the hydraulic cylinder (12) is hinged to the main beam (21) of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2) through the first lifting lug (14). The front ends of the two lifting arms (13) are respectively connected to the bottom support points on both sides of the three-point suspension device (11). The rear ends of the two lifting arms (13) are respectively hinged to the main beam (21) of the rectangular load-bearing beam (2) through the second lifting lug (15). The hydraulic cylinder (12) works in coordination with the lifting arms (13) to realize the adjustment of the pitch angle between the travel direction of the rectangular load-bearing beam (2) and the ground.

3. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2) also includes a sub-beam (22), a crossbeam fixing device (23), and a transverse adjusting bolt (24). The main beam (21) is located on the front side of the working direction, and the secondary beam (22) is arranged in parallel on the rear side of the main beam (21). The main beam (21) and the secondary beam (22) together form a rectangular load-bearing frame structure. The crossbeam fixing device (23) is mounted across the main beam (21) and the secondary beam (22). The crossbeam fixing device (23) is equipped with several transverse adjusting bolts (24). The transverse adjusting bolts (24) are used to achieve transverse locking and position adjustment of the crossbeam fixing device (23) on the main beam (21) and the secondary beam (22).

4. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The position adjustment device (3) includes a support wheel (31), a front fork (32), a support leg (33), a retaining seat (34), and a height adjustment bolt (35). The support wheel (31) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the outrigger (33) via the front fork (32). The outrigger (33) is vertically installed inside the retaining seat (34). The retaining seat (34) is fixedly connected to the crossbeam fixing device (23). The support leg (33) has several through holes arranged in a vertical array. The fixed seat (34) has a set of matching through holes on both sides. The height adjustment bolt (35) is inserted through the through holes of the support leg (33) and the fixed seat (34). By changing the position of the insertion through hole, the height of the support wheel (31) off the ground can be adjusted and locked in stages.

5. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The target spray adjustment device (4) includes a target moving device (41), a target adjusting bolt (42), a fixing lug (43), and a limiting piece (44). The target moving device (41) is slidably installed on the sub-beam (22) of the rectangular bearing beam (2), and the target adjusting bolt (42) is assembled on the target moving device (41) to realize the lateral sliding and locking positioning of the target moving device (41) on the sub-beam (22). The fixed lugs (43) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the bottom of the target moving device (41), and the fixed lugs (43) are hinged to the vertical anti-drift device (5); The limiting plates (44) are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the fixed lugs (43) to limit the swing angle of the vertical anti-drift device (5) along the forward direction of the sprayer.

6. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical anti-drift device (5) also includes a suspension lug (51); The suspension lugs (51) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the anti-drift frame (52), and the suspension lugs (51) are hinged to the fixed lugs (43) of the target spray adjustment device (4). The center of gravity of the anti-drift frame (52) is lower than the hinge point between the suspension lug (51) and the fixed lug (43), so that the vertical anti-drift device (5) always maintains an opening-down working posture under its own weight.

7. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate (54) is hinged to the rear side of the fairing (53), and the cover plate (54) can open and close relative to the fairing (53); When the cover plate (54) is closed, the cover plate (54) and the guide shroud (53) form a four-sided closed structure to block natural wind and the inertial airflow of the sprayer. When the cover plate (54) is opened, the angle adjustment nozzle (66) inside the flow guide (53) is exposed, which makes it easy to adjust the nozzle angle.

8. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible fabric layer (55) is configured as four pieces, which are respectively attached to the four sides of the bottom of the anti-drift frame (52); The flexible curtain layer (55) is made of waterproof flexible material. When it comes into contact with the ground, drip irrigation tape, gravel or crop plants, it can adapt to flexible deformation to ensure the airtightness of the anti-drift isolation spray space.

9. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-mounted computer (61) and navigation system (62) are both installed in the sprayer cab, and the solenoid valve group (63) is fixedly mounted on the main beam (21) of the rectangular load-bearing crossbeam (2); The on-board computer (61) has pre-stored standard spray volume parameters per unit area. It collects the operating vehicle speed information in real time through the navigation system (62), controls the opening and closing frequency or conduction degree of the solenoid valve group (63) in a closed loop, adjusts the flow rate of the liquid inside the nozzle (64), and realizes intelligent variable spray operation.

10. The target-adjustable anti-drift intelligent variable spray device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle (64) is suspended and installed on the upper side inside the vertical anti-drift device (5). Three nozzles are evenly arranged below the nozzle (64), with a normal nozzle (65) in the middle and angle adjustment nozzles (66) on both sides. The spray direction of the ordinary nozzle (65) is fixed vertically downward, and the spray angle of the angle-adjustable nozzle (66) can be adjusted horizontally to switch between a vertically downward spray state and an inward deflection spray state.

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