A multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-directional retractor for spine surgery, which comprises a retractor part, an inner layer retractor mechanism and an outer layer retractor mechanism, and the outer layer retractor mechanism is detachably connected to the inner layer retractor mechanism through a connecting rod; the inner layer retractor mechanism and the outer layer retractor mechanism are respectively provided with a retractor blade holder and a ratchet adjusting assembly, the retractor blade holder is matched with the ratchet adjusting assembly, the retractor blade holder can rotate along the rotation axis of the ratchet adjusting assembly and is locked at a specific position, and a retractor blade is detachably connected to the retractor blade holder. The retractor blade holder for retracting deep tissues and surface tissues can be independently adjusted in angle according to different patient anatomical characteristics, and has good applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of surgical retractors, and more particularly to a multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery. Background Technology

[0002] Spinal surgery is one of the most complex and risky procedures in orthopedics. It requires a fully visible surgical field to allow the surgeon to precisely manipulate the lesion. Retractors, as indispensable auxiliary instruments in spinal surgery, are primarily used to retract tissues around the incision, expand the surgical space, and improve accessibility and visibility of the surgical site.

[0003] Currently, most spinal surgery retractors used in clinical practice are single-layer structures, capable of retracting only superficial tissues and failing to effectively retract deeper tissues simultaneously, resulting in insufficient exposure of the deep surgical field. Retractors with fixed angles cannot be adjusted to multiple angles according to the surgical approach and tissue layers, limiting the flexibility of surgical procedures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery that can solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: On the one hand, a multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery is provided, comprising: The retraction part includes an inner retraction mechanism and an outer retraction mechanism, wherein the outer retraction mechanism is detachably connected to the inner retraction mechanism via a connecting rod; The inner layer pulling mechanism and the outer layer pulling mechanism are respectively provided with a pulling plate holder and a ratchet adjustment assembly. The pulling plate holder cooperates with the ratchet adjustment assembly so that the pulling plate holder can rotate along the rotation axis of the ratchet adjustment assembly and be locked in a specific position; and a pulling paddle is detachably connected to the pulling plate holder. A first handle and a second handle are pivotally connected, with one end of the first handle and the second handle used to connect to the pull-opening part, and the other end being an operating part used to drive the first handle and the second handle to pivot. The pull-out portions on the two handles are symmetrically arranged, with the inner pull-out mechanism located inside the two handles and the outer pull-out mechanism located outside the two handles; and when the first handle and the second handle rotate around the pivot center, the pull-out portions on the two handles expand or contract synchronously.

[0006] Preferably, the ratchet adjustment assembly includes: The ratchet and ratchet ring are coaxially arranged; And a support shaft and a locking assembly, the locking assembly including a screw-on nut and a bearing plate; The ratchet and ratchet ring are sleeved on the support shaft, and the end of the support shaft is provided with an external thread for connecting the screw nut. The bearing plate is located on the non-threaded end of the support shaft, and the ratchet and ratchet ring are axially pressed onto the bearing plate by screwing in the screw-in nut.

[0007] Preferably, the ratchet adjustment assembly further includes a limiting collar and an elastic clamping member; The limiting collar is fixedly connected to the bearing plate, and the elastic clamping member is located between the limiting collar and the ratchet ring; The elastic clamping element is used to provide pressure relief to the ratchet ring during the screwing process of the screw-on nut.

[0008] Preferably, the bearing plate and the limiting collar are respectively provided with slots, and the first handle, the second handle and the end of the connecting rod are respectively provided with protrusions that match the slots; By connecting the protrusion and the slot, the inner layer pulling mechanism can be detachably and fixedly connected to the first handle or the second handle, and the outer layer pulling mechanism can be detachably and fixedly connected to the connecting rod.

[0009] Preferably, in the inner layer pulling mechanism, the pulling piece holder is fixedly connected to the support plate; and the support plate and the pulling piece holder connected thereto are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

[0010] Preferably, in the outer pulling mechanism, the pulling plate holder is detachably fixedly connected to the ratchet ring.

[0011] Preferably, it further includes a positioning component disposed between the first handle and the second handle, for fixing the first handle and the second handle relative to each other at a specific angle.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning component includes: A ruler plate is fixedly connected to the first handle. The ruler plate includes an arc-shaped toothed surface, and the arc-shaped toothed surface is coaxially arranged with the pivot center of the first handle and the second handle. The movable pin is pivotally connected to the second handle and includes a driving part and a locking part, the locking part being used to engage with the arc-shaped toothed surface on the ruler plate; and an elastic reset piece is fixedly connected to the second handle and presses against the movable pin to provide a retaining force for the movable pin to engage with the ruler plate.

[0013] Preferably, the operating part is a collar structure provided on the first handle and the second handle.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The inner and outer retraction mechanisms are each equipped with independent ratchet adjustment components, allowing for independent angle adjustment of the retraction plate holder and replacement of the retraction plates according to the anatomical characteristics of deep and superficial tissues. Simultaneously, the angle locking of the ratchet adjustment component and the retraction amplitude locking of the positioning component work together to completely fix the position and orientation of the retraction plates in three-dimensional space.

[0015] The dynamic force balance formed by the screw-on nut and the elastic clamping element during the screwing process not only prevents the paddle from rotating unexpectedly after being subjected to force, but also avoids plastic deformation or seizing of the ratchet teeth. Furthermore, during intraoperative fine-tuning, it is not necessary to completely loosen the screw-on nut; only torque needs to be applied to overcome the elastic force to achieve gradual fine-tuning.

[0016] By detachably connecting the outer retraction mechanism's retraction plate holder to the ratchet ring, different specifications of retraction plates can be quickly replaced according to different surgical needs, and the angle of the retraction plates can be set independently. This makes one instrument suitable for various spinal surgeries from the cervical to the lumbar spine. Meanwhile, the structural independence of the inner retraction plate holder being fixed to the support plate and the outer retraction plate holder being connected to the ratchet ring ensures that the inner and outer retraction plates do not interfere with each other when adjusting their angles. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-directional retractor structure for spinal surgery described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting collar of the multi-directional retractor used for spinal surgery as described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ratchet of the multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet ring structure of the multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner retraction mechanism of the multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery described in this application embodiment, located on the first handle. Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the outer retraction mechanism of the multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery described in the embodiments of this application, mounted on the connecting rod. Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the outer retraction mechanism of the multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery described in this application embodiment on the connecting rod.

[0019] In the picture: 100. Traction section; 110. Inner traction mechanism; 120. Outer traction mechanism; 130. Connecting rod; 200. Pull-out plate holder; 210. Ratchet adjustment assembly; 211. Ratchet; 212. Ratchet ring; 213. Support shaft; 214. Locking assembly; 2140. Turn-on nut; 2141. Bearing plate; 215. Limiting collar; 2150. Groove; 2151. Protrusion; 216. Elastic clamping element; 300. First handle; 310. Second handle; 320. Ring structure; 400. Positioning component; 410. Ruler plate; 420. Movable locking pin; 430. Elastic reset plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems solved by this application, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are further described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the term "proximal end" refers to the end of the retractor closest to the operator in use, and "distal end" refers to the end of the retractor furthest from the operator and closest to the surgical incision in use. The terms "inner layer" and "outer layer" are relative to the central axis of the retractor; the inner layer retractor mechanism is located closer to the central axis, and the outer layer retractor mechanism is located outside the inner layer retractor mechanism. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 8 This embodiment provides a multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery, including a retraction section 100, a first handle 300, and a second handle 310. The retraction section 100 includes an inner retraction mechanism 110 and an outer retraction mechanism 120, and the outer retraction mechanism 120 is detachably connected to the inner retraction mechanism 110 via a connecting rod 130. This allows the outer retraction mechanism 120 to be mounted on the inner retraction mechanism 110 according to surgical needs, or it can be removed and used alone.

[0024] The inner layer opening mechanism 110 and the outer layer opening mechanism 120 are respectively provided with an opening plate holder 200 and a ratchet adjustment assembly 210. The opening plate holder 200 cooperates with the ratchet adjustment assembly 210 so that the opening plate holder 200 can rotate along the rotation axis of the ratchet adjustment assembly 210 and be locked in a specific position.

[0025] It should be noted that a retractor lever is detachably connected to the retractor bracket 200 to adapt to different working requirements. Specifically, a slot may be provided on the retractor bracket 200, and the retractor lever may be engaged in the slot. However, this is not the only possibility; the actual connection method between the retractor lever and the retractor bracket 200 may be determined according to actual needs.

[0026] Therefore, when the pull lever is connected to the pull lever holder 200, the pull lever and the pull lever holder 200 constitute a single movable module. By adjusting the spatial attitude of the pull lever holder 200, the spatial position control of the pull lever can be further realized.

[0027] In the inner retraction mechanism 110, one end of the retraction tab holder 200 is fixedly connected to the carrier plate 2141 of the ratchet adjustment assembly 210, and the other end of the tab is a free end used for insertion into the interstitial space for retraction. The ratchet adjustment assembly 210 includes a ratchet 211 and a mating ratchet ring 212. When the retraction tab holder 200 rotates around the rotation axis of the ratchet adjustment assembly 210, the ratchet ring 212 rotates relative to the ratchet 211, and locks itself after reaching the target angle through the meshing of the teeth of the ratchet 211 and the ratchet ring 212. In the outer retraction mechanism 120, the retraction tab holder 200 is detachably fixedly connected to the ratchet ring 212, and angle adjustment and locking can also be achieved through the ratchet adjustment assembly 210.

[0028] Furthermore, the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 are pivotally connected, and one end of the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 is used to connect to the pull-out part 100, and the other end is an operating part for driving the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 to pivot.

[0029] Specifically, the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 are connected by a pivot shaft. The front ends (i.e., distal ends) of the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 are respectively connected to the retraction portions 100 on the left and right sides, and the rear ends (i.e., proximal ends) are the operating portions, which are held by the operator to perform opening or closing operations. The operating portions are preferably provided with anti-slip textures or a collar structure 320 to improve the comfort of holding and the stability of operation.

[0030] The retraction portions 100 on the two handles are symmetrically arranged, with the inner retraction mechanism 110 located inside the two handles and the outer retraction mechanism 120 located outside the two handles. When the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 rotate around the pivot center, the retraction portions 100 on the two handles simultaneously expand or contract. For example, when the operator grasps the operating part and applies an opening force, the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 rotate towards each other around the pivot center, causing the inner retraction mechanism 110 and the outer retraction mechanism 120 on the two handles to contract. When the operator applies a closing force, the inner retraction mechanism 110 and the outer retraction mechanism 120 on the two handles expand simultaneously.

[0031] Understandably, by setting up the inner retraction mechanism 110 and the outer retraction mechanism 120, the layered retraction of deep and superficial tissues in the surgical incision can be effectively achieved, thus solving the problem that existing retractors can only retract a single layer of tissue, resulting in insufficient exposure of the deep surgical field. Simultaneously, the symmetrical arrangement of the inner retraction mechanism 110 located inside the handle and the outer retraction mechanism 120 located outside the handle ensures that the inner and outer retractions do not interfere with each other and can be targeted according to the natural distribution of tissue layers. The ratchet adjustment assembly 210 enables multi-angle adjustment and locking of the retraction blade holder 200, allowing the surgeon to flexibly adjust the posture of the retraction blade according to the surgical approach direction and the anatomical characteristics of the tissue, greatly improving the flexibility and adaptability of the surgical operation.

[0032] In one embodiment, the ratchet adjustment assembly 210 includes a ratchet 211 and a ratchet ring 212 coaxially arranged, a support shaft 213, and a locking assembly 214. The locking assembly 214 includes a screw-fit nut 2140 and a bearing plate 2141. Both the ratchet 211 and the ratchet ring 212 are annular structures and are coaxially sleeved on the support shaft 213. The outer circumferential surface of the ratchet 211 is provided with ratchet 211 teeth, and the inner circumferential surface of the ratchet ring 212 is provided with ratchet ring 212 teeth that match the ratchet 211 teeth. The meshing direction of the ratchet 211 teeth and the ratchet ring 212 teeth is configured to allow the ratchet ring 212 to rotate relative to the ratchet 211 in one direction while preventing it from rotating in the opposite direction.

[0033] Furthermore, the ratchet 211 and the support shaft 213 can be circumferentially fixed by a key connection or interference fit, preventing the ratchet 211 from rotating relative to the support shaft 213, while the ratchet ring 212 can rotate freely relative to the support shaft 213. The end of the support shaft 213 has an external thread for connecting the screw-on nut 2140. The support shaft 213 has a cylindrical structure, with an external thread machined on the outer surface of one end for engagement with the internal thread of the screw-on nut 2140. The screw-on nut 2140 is preferably a wing nut or a knurled nut, allowing the operator to manually tighten or loosen it without tools. The bearing plate 2141 is located on the non-threaded end of the support shaft 213. By screwing in the screw-on nut 2140, the ratchet 211 and ratchet ring 212 are axially pressed onto the bearing plate 2141.

[0034] In the assembled state, ratchet 211 and ratchet ring 212 are sequentially sleeved on support shaft 213, located between bearing plate 2141 and pressing nut 2140. When pressing nut 2140 is screwed in along the threaded end of support shaft 213, pressing nut 2140 moves towards bearing plate 2141, pressing ratchet 211 and ratchet ring 212 onto bearing plate 2141, thereby achieving axial fixation between ratchet 211 and ratchet ring 212, keeping them relatively stationary under axial pressure, achieving the purpose of locking the retractor plate holder 200 degrees. When pressing nut 2140 is loosened, the axial pressure between ratchet 211 and ratchet ring 212 is released, and ratchet ring 212 can rotate freely relative to ratchet 211, thus allowing the operator to adjust the angle of the retractor plate.

[0035] Understandably, the engagement of the thread at the end of the support shaft 213 with the screw-on nut 2140 allows the operator to easily tighten or loosen the ratchet 211 and ratchet ring 212 through simple tightening operations, making the operation convenient. The bearing plate 2141 provides a stable axial support surface, ensuring that the ratchet 211 and ratchet ring 212 are subjected to uniform force under the tightened state, without skewing or shaking.

[0036] In one embodiment, the ratchet adjustment assembly 210 further includes a limiting collar 215 and an elastic clamping member 216. The limiting collar 215 is fixedly connected to the support plate 2141, and the elastic clamping member 216 is located between the limiting collar 215 and the ratchet ring 212. One end of the limiting collar 215 can be fixedly connected to the surface of the support plate 2141 facing the ratchet 211 by means of welding, bonding, or threaded connection, and the limiting collar 215 extends axially along the support shaft 213. An annular accommodating space is formed between the inner wall of the limiting collar 215 and the outer wall of the support shaft 213, and the elastic clamping member 216 is disposed within the accommodating space.

[0037] Furthermore, the elastic clamping element 216 is preferably a component with elastic deformation capability, such as a wave spring, a coil spring, or an elastic rubber ring. The elastic clamping element 216 is used to counteract the pressure exerted on the ratchet ring 212 by the screw-on nut 2140 during screwing. When the screw-on nut 2140 is screwed in, it pushes the ratchet ring 212 towards the bearing plate 2141, which in turn compresses the elastic clamping element 216 located between itself and the bearing plate 2141. The elastic clamping element 216 generates an elastic restoring force when compressed, the direction of which is opposite to the clamping direction of the screw-on nut 2140, thereby partially offsetting the pressure exerted on the screw-on nut 2140.

[0038] Understandably, when the screw-on nut 2140 is screwed in to a certain extent, the ratchet ring 212 reaches a balanced state under the combined action of the pressure of the screw-on nut 2140 and the elastic force of the elastic clamping member 216. At this time, the ratchet ring 212 and the ratchet 211 maintain an appropriate clamping force, which can prevent the ratchet ring 212 from rotating arbitrarily, and also prevent the ratchet 211 teeth or the ratchet ring 212 teeth from plastic deformation or damage due to excessive clamping force. The introduction of the elastic clamping member 216 changes the clamping force between the ratchet 211 and the ratchet ring 212 from rigid locking to elastic clamping, and the elastic clamping member 216 can effectively prevent the screw-on nut 2140 from being too tight, which would cause the ratchet 211 and the ratchet ring 212 to seize up.

[0039] In practical use, this solution also allows for slight lateral adjustments to the retraction plate holder 200 and the retraction lever connected thereto, further enhancing the retractor's adaptability to precise intraoperative operations.

[0040] Please see Figure 6 When the surgeon loosens the screw nut 2140, the elastic clamping element 216 ejects the ratchet ring 212 and connecting rod 130 as a whole, allowing the retraction plate holder 200 to be adjusted within a small range of lateral displacement. This lateral fine-tuning function allows the surgeon to precisely correct the position of the retraction plate holder 200 during retraction without disassembling or repositioning the entire device, effectively simplifying the operation and shortening the surgical time. Furthermore, the lateral fine-tuning mechanism, in conjunction with the existing angle adjustment function, enables joint adjustment of the retraction plate holder 200 in multiple degrees of freedom. This allows the surgeon to flexibly adjust the retraction position and posture according to real-time changes in the surgical field and tissue tension distribution, thereby achieving better surgical field exposure.

[0041] In one embodiment, slots 2150 are respectively formed on the support plate 2141 and the limiting collar 215, and protrusions 2151 matching the slots 2150 are respectively formed at the ends of the first handle 300, the second handle 310, and the connecting rod 130. The support plate 2141 has a disc-shaped structure, and a slot 2150 is formed on its surface facing away from the ratchet 211. The slot 2150 extends radially along the support plate 2141, and its cross-sectional shape is preferably rectangular. A corresponding slot 2150 is also formed on the outer circumferential surface of the limiting collar 215. The slot 2150 corresponds to and is connected to the slot 2150 on the support plate 2141, forming a complete connecting groove structure.

[0042] Furthermore, protrusions 2151 are provided at the ends of the first handle 300, the second handle 310, and the connecting rod 130, respectively. The shapes of these protrusions 2151 match the shapes of the slots 2150 opened on the bearing plate 2141 and the limiting collar 215. By connecting the protrusions 2151 and the slots 2150, a detachable fixed connection can be achieved between the inner pulling mechanism 110 and the first handle 300 or the second handle 310, and a detachable fixed connection can be achieved between the outer pulling mechanism 120 and the connecting rod 130.

[0043] When assembling the inner layer opening mechanism 110, align the protrusion 2151 at the end of the first handle 300 with the slot 2150 on the bearing plate 2141 and the limiting collar 215, and slide the protrusion 2151 into the slot 2150 along the extending direction of the slot 2150 to achieve a quick connection between the inner layer opening mechanism 110 and the first handle 300. Similarly, the protrusion 2151 at the end of the second handle 310 engages with the slot 2150 on the other side of the inner layer opening mechanism 110. When assembling the outer layer opening mechanism 120, align the protrusion 2151 at the end of the connecting rod 130 with the slot 2150 on the bearing plate 2141 and the limiting collar 215 on the outer layer opening mechanism 120, and slide it into the slot 2150 to achieve a connection.

[0044] Understandably, a transition fit or interference fit is preferably used between the protrusion 2151 and the slot 2150 to ensure the stability and reliability of the connection. When disassembly is required, the protrusion 2151 can be pulled out of the slot 2150 simply by sliding it in the opposite direction along the extension direction of the slot 2150, achieving quick disassembly.

[0045] In one embodiment, the pull-out piece holder 200 is fixedly connected to the support plate 2141 on the inner pull-out mechanism 110. The pull-out piece holder 200 and the support plate 2141 are fixedly connected, meaning they form an integral component or are fixed together in a non-removable manner. The support plate 2141 and the connected pull-out piece holder 200 are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

[0046] The carrier plate 2141 has one or more through holes, and the connecting end of the pull-out plate holder 200 has the same number of through holes. During assembly, the connecting end of the pull-out plate holder 200 is placed against the surface of the carrier plate 2141, aligning the through holes. Then, bolts are passed through the through holes, and nuts are tightened at the other end to achieve a fixed connection between the pull-out plate holder 200 and the carrier plate 2141. Preferably, a locating pin or locating key can also be provided between the carrier plate 2141 and the pull-out plate holder 200 to ensure accurate positioning before bolt connection, preventing the pull-out plate holder 200 from deflecting during bolt tightening.

[0047] In one embodiment, the pull plate holder 200 is detachably fixedly connected to the ratchet ring 212 on the outer pull mechanism 120. The pull plate holder 200 and the ratchet ring 212 of the outer pull mechanism 120 are detachably connected. The connecting end of the pull plate holder 200 is provided with a connecting structure, and the ratchet ring 212 is provided with a corresponding matching connecting structure.

[0048] Furthermore, the detachable connection between the two can take various forms. For example, the connecting end of the pull-out plate holder 200 is provided with a buckle structure, and the ratchet ring 212 is provided with a corresponding slot, achieving a quick and detachable connection through the cooperation of the buckle and the slot; or the connecting end of the pull-out plate holder 200 is provided with a pin, and the ratchet ring 212 is provided with a corresponding insertion hole, achieving connection by inserting the pin into the insertion hole. After the pull-out plate holder 200 of the outer pull-out mechanism 120 is installed on the ratchet ring 212, it rotates relative to the ratchet 211 together with the ratchet ring 212, and the angle is locked by the locking function of the ratchet adjustment component 210.

[0049] Since the outer retraction mechanism 120 is mainly used to retract superficial tissues (such as skin, subcutaneous fat, fascia, etc.) during surgery, the thickness and properties of these tissues vary considerably among different patients and at different surgical sites, thus requiring different shapes and sizes for the retraction plate holder 200. The detachable connection allows the surgeon to quickly replace different sizes of the retraction plate holder 200 as needed. For example, a narrower plate can be selected for thinner skin tissue, while a wider plate can be selected for thicker subcutaneous fat tissue, thus achieving personalized retraction for different tissues. Furthermore, the retraction plate holder 200 of the outer retraction mechanism 120 is detachably connected to the ratchet ring 212 rather than the bearing plate 2141, making the angle adjustment of the retraction plate holder 200 more flexible. This is because the ratchet ring 212 has a larger range of rotation than the ratchet 211, allowing for greater angle adjustment.

[0050] In one embodiment, the multi-directional retractor further includes a positioning component 400 disposed between the first handle 300 and the second handle 310, for fixing the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 relative to each other at a specific angle. The positioning component 400 is located near the pivot connection area of ​​the first handle 300 and the second handle 310, between the two handles. The function of the positioning component 400 is to lock the relative position of the two handles when the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 are opened to a certain angle (i.e., the retractor 100 is opened to a certain extent), so that the two remain relatively fixed at that angle, thereby maintaining the opened state of the retractor 100 without requiring the surgeon to continuously hold the operating part.

[0051] In one embodiment, the positioning assembly 400 includes a ruler plate 410, a movable locking pin 420, and an elastic reset piece 430. The ruler plate 410 is fixedly connected to the first handle 300. The ruler plate 410 includes an arc-shaped toothed surface, which is coaxially arranged with the pivot centers of the first handle 300 and the second handle 310. The ruler plate 410 has an arc-shaped plate structure, with one end fixedly connected to the first handle 300 near the pivot center.

[0052] Furthermore, the ruler plate 410 extends along the rotation trajectory of the first handle 300, and its inner or outer surface is provided with an arc-shaped toothed surface. Multiple grooves are evenly distributed on the arc-shaped toothed surface, and the arrangement of the grooves is along the extension direction of the arc-shaped toothed surface. Since the ruler plate 410 is fixedly connected to the first handle 300, and the arc-shaped toothed surface is coaxial with the pivot center of the first handle 300 and the second handle 310, when the first handle 300 rotates around the pivot center, the ruler plate 410 and its arc-shaped toothed surface rotate synchronously, while the distance between each groove on the arc-shaped toothed surface and the pivot center remains unchanged.

[0053] Furthermore, the movable chuck 420 is pivotally connected to the second handle 310 and includes a driving part and a locking part. The locking part is used to engage with the arc-shaped toothed surface on the ruler plate 410. The movable chuck 420 is pivotally connected to the second handle 310 via a pivot shaft and can swing within a certain angle range around the pivot shaft. One end of the movable chuck 420 is the locking part, and the end of the locking part is provided with locking teeth or claws that match the tooth grooves of the arc-shaped toothed surface, for locking into the tooth grooves of the arc-shaped toothed surface. The other end of the movable chuck 420 is the driving part, which extends to the outside of the second handle 310 or near the operating part, making it convenient for the operator to press or flick with their fingers. When the locking part of the movable chuck 420 engages in a tooth groove of the arc-shaped toothed surface, the relative rotation of the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 is restricted, and the two remain relatively fixed at that angle.

[0054] When the operator presses the drive unit, the movable locking pin 420 swings around its axis, disengaging the locking part from the toothed groove and releasing the locked state. The elastic reset plate 430 is fixedly connected to the second handle 310 and presses against the movable locking pin 420, providing the abutting force for the locking of the movable locking pin 420 and the ruler plate 410. The elastic reset plate 430 is made of a flexible metal or plastic sheet, with one end fixedly connected to the second handle 310 and the other end elastically pressing against the locking part of the movable locking pin 420 or the middle position of the movable locking pin 420.

[0055] It is important to note that the elastic reset plate 430 consistently applies an elastic force to the movable locking pin 420 in the direction of the arc-shaped tooth surface, ensuring that the locking portion of the movable locking pin 420 always tends to engage with the tooth groove of the arc-shaped tooth surface in its natural state. When the first handle 300 and the second handle 310 rotate relative to each other, the locking portion of the movable locking pin 420 slides along the arc-shaped tooth surface under the pressure of the elastic reset plate 430, and automatically engages with the nearest tooth groove, achieving automatic locking. When the operator needs to unlock the device via the drive unit, they must overcome the pressure of the elastic reset plate 430 to pull the movable locking pin 420 out of the tooth groove.

[0056] In one embodiment, the operating part is a collar structure 320 provided on the first handle 300 and the second handle 310. The collar structure 320 is provided at the rear end (i.e., the proximal end, the end away from the retraction part 100) of the first handle 300 and the second handle 310, respectively. The collar is circular or elliptical, with an inner diameter large enough for the operator's fingers (usually the thumb and ring or middle finger) to pass through. The collar wall has a certain width and thickness to ensure sufficient structural strength and grip comfort.

[0057] Preferably, the inner wall of the collar is padded with a flexible material, such as a silicone or sponge pad, to improve comfort after finger insertion and reduce pressure on the surgeon's fingers during prolonged surgical procedures. The outer wall of the collar may have anti-slip texture to increase friction between the finger and the collar, preventing the finger from slipping during the procedure. The axis of the collar is preferably at a certain angle (e.g., 15°~30°) to the extension direction of the handle to conform to ergonomic principles, allowing the surgeon's wrist to be in a relaxed position with a natural grip.

[0058] During the use of this device, the surgeon can select the appropriate size of the retraction paddle according to the needs of the operation, fix the retraction paddle holder 200 of the inner retraction mechanism 110 to the bearing plate 2141 with bolts and nuts, install the retraction paddle holder 200 of the outer retraction mechanism 120 on the ratchet ring 212 through a quick-release connection structure, and connect the retraction paddle to the retraction paddle holder 200.

[0059] Then, the inner retraction mechanism 110 is connected to the first handle 300 and the protrusion 2151 at the end of the second handle 310 via the slot 2150 on the bearing plate 2141 and the limiting collar 215. The outer retraction mechanism 120 is connected to the connecting rod 130 in the same way, and then the connecting rod 130 is connected to the inner retraction mechanism 110, completing the assembly of the device. Then, the surgeon loosens the screw nut 2140 of the ratchet adjustment assembly 210, so that the ratchet ring 212 can rotate freely relative to the ratchet 211. According to the surgical approach direction and the anatomical characteristics of the tissue, the retraction plate holder 200 is rotated to the target angle, and then the screw nut 2140 is tightened to lock the retraction plate holder 200 at that angle. The angle adjustment of the inner retraction mechanism 110 and the retraction plate holder 200 of the outer retraction mechanism 120 can be adjusted independently without interference.

[0060] In summary, this disclosure provides a multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery. The inner retractor mechanism 110 and the outer retractor mechanism 120 are each equipped with an independent ratchet adjustment assembly 210, allowing the retractor paddles for deep and superficial tissues to be independently adjusted in angle according to their respective anatomical characteristics without interference. Simultaneously, the angle locking of the ratchet adjustment assembly 210 and the retractor amplitude locking of the positioning assembly 400 work together to completely fix the position and orientation of the retractor paddles in three-dimensional space.

[0061] Furthermore, the screw-down nut 2140 and the elastic clamping member 216 form a dynamic force balance during the screwing process, which not only prevents the paddle from rotating unexpectedly after being subjected to force, but also avoids plastic deformation or seizing of the ratchet teeth. During intraoperative fine-tuning, it is not necessary to completely loosen the screw-down nut 2140; only torque needs to be applied to overcome the elastic force to achieve gradual fine-tuning. The retraction plate holder 200 of the outer retraction mechanism 120 is detachably connected to the ratchet ring 212, allowing for quick replacement of different specifications of paddles and independent angle setting according to different surgical needs. This makes one instrument suitable for various spinal surgeries from the cervical to the lumbar spine. Simultaneously, the structural independence of the inner retraction plate holder 200 fixed to the support plate 2141 and the outer retraction plate holder 200 connected to the ratchet ring 212 ensures that the angle adjustments of the inner and outer layers do not interfere with each other.

[0062] In the description herein, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and other orientations or positional relationships are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely for descriptive distinction and have no special meaning.

[0063] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0064] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0065] The technical principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of this application without inventive effort, and these embodiments will all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery, characterized in that, include: The retraction part (100) includes an inner retraction mechanism (110) and an outer retraction mechanism (120), and the outer retraction mechanism (120) is detachably connected to the inner retraction mechanism (110) via a connecting rod (130). The inner layer pulling mechanism (110) and the outer layer pulling mechanism (120) are respectively provided with a pulling plate holder (200) and a ratchet adjustment assembly (210). The pulling plate holder (200) cooperates with the ratchet adjustment assembly (210) so that the pulling plate holder (200) can rotate along the rotation axis of the ratchet adjustment assembly (210) and be locked in a specific position. A retracting lever is detachably connected to the retracting lever holder (200); A first handle (300) and a second handle (310) are pivotally connected, and one end of the first handle (300) and the second handle (310) is used to connect to the pull-out part (100), and the other end is an operating part for driving the first handle (300) and the second handle (310) to pivot. The pull-out portion (100) located on the two handles is symmetrically arranged, and the inner pull-out mechanism (110) is located inside the two handles, while the outer pull-out mechanism (120) is located outside the two handles; and when the first handle (300) and the second handle (310) rotate around the pivot center, the pull-out portion (100) located on the two handles expands or contracts synchronously.

2. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratchet adjustment assembly (210) includes: A ratchet (211) and a ratchet ring (212) are coaxially arranged; and a support shaft (213) and a locking assembly (214), the locking assembly (214) including a spin-fit nut (2140) and a bearing plate (2141). The ratchet (211) and ratchet ring (212) are sleeved on the support shaft (213), and the end of the support shaft (213) is provided with an external thread for connecting the screw nut (2140); The bearing plate (2141) is located on the non-threaded end of the support shaft (213). The ratchet (211) and the ratchet ring (212) are axially pressed onto the bearing plate (2141) by screwing in the screw nut (2140).

3. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ratchet adjustment assembly (210) also includes a limiting collar (215) and an elastic clamping member (216). The limiting collar (215) is fixedly connected to the bearing plate (2141), and the elastic clamping member (216) is located between the limiting collar (215) and the ratchet ring (212); The elastic clamping member (216) is used to provide pressure to counteract the pressure applied to the ratchet ring (212) by the screw-on nut (2140) during the screwing process.

4. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bearing plate (2141) and the limiting collar (215) are respectively provided with slots (2150), and the first handle (300), the second handle (310) and the connecting rod (130) are respectively provided with protrusions (2151) matching the slots (2150). By connecting the protrusion (2151) and the slot (2150), the inner layer pulling mechanism (110) can be detachably and fixedly connected to the first handle (300) or the second handle (310), and the outer layer pulling mechanism (120) can be detachably and fixedly connected to the connecting rod (130).

5. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that, On the inner layer pulling mechanism (110), the pulling piece holder (200) is fixedly connected to the bearing plate (2141); and the bearing plate (2141) and the pulling piece holder (200) connected thereto are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

6. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that, On the outer pull-out mechanism (120), the pull-out plate holder (200) is detachably fixedly connected to the ratchet ring (212).

7. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a positioning component (400) disposed between the first handle (300) and the second handle (310) for fixing the first handle (300) and the second handle (310) relative to each other at a specific angle.

8. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positioning component (400) includes: Ruler plate (410) is fixedly connected to the first handle (300). The ruler plate (410) includes an arc-shaped toothed surface, and the arc-shaped toothed surface is coaxially arranged with the pivot center of the first handle (300) and the second handle (310). The movable pin (420) is pivotally connected to the second handle (310) and includes a driving part and a locking part, the locking part being used to engage with the arc-shaped toothed surface on the ruler plate (410); and an elastic reset piece (430) is fixedly connected to the second handle (310) and presses against the movable pin (420) to provide the abutting force for the engagement of the movable pin (420) and the ruler plate (410).

9. The multi-directional retractor for spinal surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating part is a collar structure (320) provided on the first handle (300) and the second handle (310).

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