A chest closed drainage assembly and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a thoracic cavity closed drainage assembly and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of medical devices.The assembly comprises a separating forceps, a guide needle, an L-shaped retractor and an O-shaped straight forceps, the L-shaped retractor is sequentially connected with a holding part, a rod part and a bent hook part, the hook part is provided with a guide groove, and the O-shaped straight forceps is provided with an O-shaped forceps head at the front end; the use method is that the separating forceps is used to separate subcutaneous tissues, the O-shaped straight forceps is inserted into an intercostal muscle layer and is reserved, the L-shaped retractor is inserted along the O-shaped straight forceps and is rotated to expand a gap, then the O-shaped straight forceps is pulled out, finally, a drainage tube with the guide needle is placed along the guide groove, and the guide needle is pulled out.The application can maintain the stability of a channel, avoid dislocation of the channel, has small incisions and light trauma, is suitable for obese patients, is accurate in operation, reduces the operation risk and the pain of the patient, shortens the operation time, and improves the operation success rate and the recovery speed of the patient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to a closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] Closed thoracic drainage is an important treatment for pleural effusion and pneumothorax commonly used in clinical practice. Its basic principle is to place one end of the drainage tube into the pleural cavity and connect the other end to a water-seal bottle at a position lower than the pleural cavity to drain gas or collect fluid in the pleural cavity, allowing the lung tissue to reopen and restore its function.

[0003] The traditional closed thoracic drainage procedure is as follows: First, make a 2 cm incision in the intercostal space; then, use forceps to gradually separate the incision until entering the thoracic cavity; finally, remove the forceps and clamp the tip of the drainage tube, inserting it into the thoracic cavity through the channel. More specifically, the traditional method usually involves making a 1 cm incision in the skin at the fitting site after local anesthesia, using hemostatic forceps to separate the subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer, separating the intercostal muscles along the upper edge of the next rib to reach the parietal pleura and enter the thoracic cavity. At this point, a distinct feeling of emptiness is felt, and gas or fluid may be seen escaping; then, the hemostatic forceps are withdrawn, and another hemostatic forceps is used to clamp the tip of the drainage tube, inserting it into the thoracic cavity through the separated channel to a depth of about 3-5 cm. After the drainage tube is inserted, clamp it first, and after confirming that the position and depth are appropriate, suture it to fix the drainage tube. Finally, connect the drainage tube to the water-seal bottle to open the drainage. Traditional closed drainage involves an incision of about 3 cm, requiring the use of hemostatic forceps for separation and clamping the drainage tube directly into the pleural cavity, resulting in significant pain and bleeding.

[0004] However, traditional closed chest drainage methods present significant technical challenges in practical operation. For example... Figure 4 As shown, traditional puncture methods require sequentially penetrating three layers of the chest wall: the skin and subcutaneous fat layer, the muscle layer, and the intercostal spaces and intercostal muscles. During the procedure, each layer is punctured step-by-step. After establishing the channel, the forceps need to be withdrawn. At this point, the puncture sites in the three layers may become misaligned due to muscle closure. When re-inserting the catheter, if the second layer is not aligned with the original puncture site, the third layer will deviate even more, potentially puncturing into other intercostal spaces. This risk of misalignment between the skin and muscle layers makes successful catheter insertion difficult, requiring repeated puncture attempts, which not only prolongs the operation time but also causes additional pain for the patient. Furthermore, misaligned channels during blind puncture can easily damage blood vessels or nerves, posing a high surgical risk.

[0005] The aforementioned problems are particularly pronounced in obese patients. Because subcutaneous fat can be 4-5 cm thick, the channels created using traditional methods are often tortuous, leading to difficulty in catheter placement and severe pain for the patient. To address this issue, clinical practice typically requires extending the incision to 3 cm and widening the dissection area to create a wider channel, but this further exacerbates tissue damage and patient discomfort.

[0006] Therefore, how to establish a stable and unobstructed catheter guidance channel in closed thoracic drainage operations, avoid the channel misalignment problem caused by the withdrawal of forceps after layer-by-layer separation in traditional methods, and achieve smaller incisions and less tissue damage, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to solve the following technical problems existing in current closed chest drainage procedures: First, traditional methods require the removal of the dissecting instruments after separating tissues layer by layer, leading to misalignment between the skin incision and the muscle channel. This makes it difficult to insert the drainage tube smoothly, requiring repeated puncture attempts, prolonging the operation time, and increasing patient suffering. This misalignment can also cause the tube to deviate from its placement path, or even be mistakenly placed in other intercostal spaces, posing a higher risk of vascular and nerve damage.

[0008] Secondly, traditional methods lack instruments to maintain channel stability during the operation. Once the channel is established, it may close or become misaligned due to tissue elasticity. Operators are forced to "blindly" insert the catheter when the channel is lost, which increases the difficulty and uncertainty of the operation.

[0009] Third, in obese patients, the subcutaneous fat layer is thicker (usually up to 4-5 cm), and the channel established by the traditional method is curved, making tube placement more difficult. It is often necessary to extend the incision (from the usual 2 cm to 3 cm) and expand the dissection range to solve this problem, which further aggravates tissue damage and postoperative pain for patients.

[0010] Fourth, traditional methods lack effective support and expansion mechanisms when separating the intercostal muscle layers to enter the thoracic cavity, resulting in insufficient separation of the intercostal muscle spaces, which leads to greater resistance during subsequent tube placement and makes the drainage tube prone to getting stuck.

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems and provide a closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use. To achieve the above objective, this invention adopts the following technical solution: A closed chest drainage assembly and its method of use, comprising a dissecting forceps and a guiding needle, characterized in that it further comprises an L-shaped retractor and an O-shaped straight forceps; The L-shaped pull hook includes a gripping part, a rod part, and a hook part connected in sequence. The hook part is bent. The L-shaped pull hook is used to establish and maintain a guiding channel in closed chest drainage operations to assist in the insertion of the drainage tube into the chest cavity. The front end of the O-type straight pliers is provided with an O-type plier head, which is used to provide support during operation.

[0012] As an improvement, the L-shaped hook has a guide groove on the outside of the hook to guide the insertion direction of the drainage tube.

[0013] As an improvement, the bending angle of the hook portion of the L-shaped hook is 90°.

[0014] As an improvement, the hook end of the L-shaped hook has a smooth, bladeless structure.

[0015] As an improvement, the bend in the hook of the L-shaped hook has a smooth transition structure.

[0016] As an improvement, the outer surface of the gripping part of the L-shaped hook is provided with an anti-slip structure.

[0017] As an improvement, the L-shaped hook is made of medical-grade metal material, and the grip, rod, and hook are integrally formed.

[0018] The method of using a closed chest drainage assembly includes the following steps: S1: Use conventional separation forceps to insert into the skin and subcutaneous fat layer, separate the skin and subcutaneous fat layer, and then pull out the conventional separation forceps; S2: Insert the O-shaped straight clamp through the muscle layer into the intercostal muscle layer and keep the O-shaped straight clamp in place; S3: Insert the L-shaped hook along the O-shaped straight clamp into the gap and the intercostal muscle layer. After insertion, rotate the L-shaped hook 90° to widen the gap, and then pull out the O-shaped straight clamp. S4: Insert the drainage tube with the guide needle support into the pleural cavity along the guide groove of the L-shaped hook, and then pull out the guide needle to complete the drainage tube placement.

[0019] The advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention significantly improves channel stability. Through the combined use of O-type straight clamps and L-type retractors, at least one instrument occupies space within the channel throughout the entire procedure, ensuring continuous alignment of the three puncture sites (skin and subcutaneous fat layer, muscle layer, and intercostal space and intercostal muscle layer). This completely avoids the problems of muscle closure and channel misalignment caused by clamp withdrawal in traditional methods. The operator can establish a stable and unobstructed catheter channel in one attempt without repeated puncture attempts.

[0020] 2. This invention features a smaller incision and less trauma. Traditional methods often require extending the incision to 2-3 cm and expanding the dissection area to compensate for insufficient operating space due to the difficulty in realignment after channel loss. This invention, through the rotational expansion of an L-shaped retractor and the assistance of a guide groove for catheter placement, requires only a minimally invasive incision of approximately 1 cm to complete the entire procedure, significantly reducing the tissue cutting area and degree of damage. Simultaneously, because repeated puncture attempts are eliminated, the number of blunt force traumas to surrounding tissues is greatly reduced, postoperative pain is significantly alleviated, and patient recovery is faster.

[0021] 3. This invention is particularly suitable for obese patients. For obese patients with a thick subcutaneous fat layer (4-5 cm thick), the channels established by traditional methods are often tortuous, making it difficult for the drainage tube to pass through. This invention first establishes a straight channel using O-shaped straight forceps, then expands it by rotating an L-shaped hook, and guides the placement of the tube through a guide groove. This ensures that the drainage tube's path is always kept on a relatively straight axis, overcoming the problem of channel tortuosity caused by excessive subcutaneous fat in obese patients, and significantly improving the success rate and comfort of surgery for such patients.

[0022] 4. This invention offers higher operational precision. The guide groove on the outer side of the L-shaped hook provides a precise path for the drainage tube, avoiding path deviation caused by blind tube placement in traditional methods. The operator only needs to push the drainage tube along the guide groove to ensure that the drainage tube accurately enters the predetermined depth in the thoracic cavity, effectively reducing the risk of the drainage tube accidentally entering the interlobar fissure or damaging lung tissue. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a closed thoracic drainage assembly.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an L-shaped hook.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of skin tissue.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a step-by-step diagram of the traditional closed chest drainage method.

[0027] Figure 5 S1 sectional view of a method of using a closed thoracic drainage device Figure 1 .

[0028] Figure 6 S1 sectional view of a method of using a closed thoracic drainage device Figure 2 .

[0029] Figure 7 S2 cross-sectional view of a method of using a closed thoracic drainage device Figure 1 .

[0030] Figure 8 S2 cross-sectional view of a method of using a closed thoracic drainage device Figure 2 .

[0031] Figure 9 S3 sectional view of a method of using a closed thoracic drainage device Figure 1 .

[0032] Figure 10 S3 sectional view of a method of using a closed thoracic drainage device Figure 2 .

[0033] Figure 11 S4 sectional view of a method of using a closed chest drainage assembly Figure 1 .

[0034] Figure 12 S4 sectional view of a method of using a closed chest drainage assembly Figure 2 .

[0035] Figure 13 S4 sectional view of a method of using a closed chest drainage assembly Figure 3 .

[0036] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Separating clamps; 2. L-shaped hook; 21. Grip part; 211. Anti-slip structure; 22. Rod part; 23. Hook part; 231. Guide groove; 24. Bend; 3. O-type straight pliers; 31. O-type pliers head; 4. Guide pin; 5. Drainage tube; 6. Skin and subcutaneous fat layer; 7. Muscle layer; 8. Intercostal spaces and intercostal muscle layer. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means at least two.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] The present invention will now be described in detail and specifically through specific embodiments to enable a better understanding of the invention. However, the following embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Technical solution

[0043] (I) Structure of the closed thoracic drainage assembly like Figures 1 to 2 The present invention provides a closed thoracic drainage assembly, including a conventional dissection forceps 1 and a guide needle 4, and also includes an L-shaped retractor 2 and an O-shaped straight forceps 3.

[0044] (1) Structure of L-shaped hook 2 like Figure 2 As shown, the L-shaped retractor 2 includes a gripping part 21, a rod part 22, and a hook part 23 connected in sequence. The gripping part 21, the rod part 22, and the hook part 23 are connected in sequence to form a whole, and the hook part 23 is bent. The L-shaped retractor 2 is used to establish and maintain a guiding channel in closed chest drainage operations to assist in the insertion of the drainage tube 5 into the chest cavity.

[0045] Specifically, the grip 21 is located at the end of the L-shaped hook 2 (i.e., the end furthest from the hook 23) for the operator to hold. The outer surface of the grip 21 is provided with an anti-slip structure 211 (such as anti-slip texture, knurling, or anti-slip coating) to prevent the instrument from slipping due to blood or tissue fluid on the gloves during operation, thus ensuring operational stability and safety.

[0046] The rod 22 connects the gripping part 21 and the hook part 23, and has a certain length. Its length is designed according to the clinical standard chest wall thickness, so that the hook part 23 can smoothly reach the depth of the intercostal space. The rod 22 can be a straight rod structure, or it can be slightly bent according to the needs of operation.

[0047] The hook 23 is located at the front end of the L-shaped retractor 2 (i.e., the end away from the gripping part 21) and is bent, preferably at a bending angle of 90°. The bend 24 of the hook 23 is designed with a smooth transition structure to avoid sharp corners causing cutting damage to the tissue. The end of the hook 23 is a smooth, bladeless structure, that is, the front end of the hook 23 does not have a sharp edge, but is designed with a blunt or rounded tip to prevent scratching the pleura or lung tissue during insertion and operation. A guide groove 231 is provided on the outer side of the hook 23 (i.e., the side opposite to the bending direction). The guide groove 231 extends longitudinally along the hook 23 and is used to guide the forward direction of the drainage tube 5 during placement, so that the drainage tube 5 can accurately and smoothly enter the pleural cavity along the guiding direction of the L-shaped retractor 2.

[0048] The L-shaped retractor 2 is made of medical-grade metal materials (such as stainless steel and titanium alloy), possessing sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the stress during tissue expansion, while also meeting the sterility and biocompatibility requirements of medical devices. The grip 21, rod 22, and hook 23 are integrally molded structures, meaning the entire device is manufactured from a single material without welding seams or connecting joints, improving the overall strength and reliability of the device and facilitating cleaning and disinfection.

[0049] (2) Structure of O-type straight clamp 3 like Figure 1 As shown, the front end of the O-type straight forceps 3 is equipped with an O-type jaw 31, meaning the end of the jaw has a circular (or annular) structure. The circular structure of the O-type jaw 31 forms an annular support space when the forceps are opened, providing support and expansion during operation. Unlike conventional separating forceps 1, the jaw of the O-type straight forceps 3 is a closed annular structure rather than an open jaw, thus providing a more stable and uniform expansion force after opening, making it particularly suitable for establishing and maintaining a stable small channel in the intercostal muscle layer.

[0050] (3) Coordination with existing equipment like Figure 1 As shown, the conventional dissecting forceps 1 and the guide needle 4 can be conventional instruments from the prior art. The conventional dissecting forceps 1 is used for the initial separation of the skin and subcutaneous fat layer 6; the guide needle 4 is used to insert into the drainage tube 5 before insertion as a support, so that the drainage tube 5 remains straight and is easy to push along the guide channel.

[0051] (II) How to use the closed thoracic drainage assembly The present invention also provides a method of using the above-mentioned closed thoracic drainage component, specifically including the following steps: S1: Subcutaneous tissue separation like Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, conventional separating forceps 1 are inserted into the skin and subcutaneous fat layer 6 to separate the skin and subcutaneous fat layer 6, and then the conventional separating forceps 1 are pulled out.

[0052] In this step, the operator first makes a minimally invasive incision at the predetermined puncture site (the incision length is approximately 1 cm, significantly smaller than the incision size of traditional methods). Then, a standard dissecting forceps 1 is inserted into the skin incision to bluntly dissect between the skin and the subcutaneous fat layer 6, widening the subcutaneous tissue to form a preliminary channel. After dissection, the standard dissecting forceps 1 is withdrawn. Because only the first layer of tissue is separated, and the upper tissue has not completely closed within a short time after the dissecting forceps 1 is withdrawn, this step is relatively easy.

[0053] S2: Muscle layer 7 insertion and support like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the O-shaped straight clamp 3 is inserted through the muscle layer 7 into the intercostal space and intercostal muscle layer 8, and the O-shaped straight clamp 3 is kept in place.

[0054] In this step, the operator holds the O-shaped straight forceps 3 and inserts them through the muscle layer 7 along the channel initially separated in step S1, continuing until reaching the intercostal space (intercostal space) and the intercostal muscle layer. During this process, the O-shaped straight forceps 3 acts as a pathfinder and expander—after passing through the muscle layer 7, its O-shaped forceps head 31 occupies a certain space in the intercostal muscle layer, forming a temporary support channel. Crucially, after this step, the O-shaped straight forceps 3 is not immediately withdrawn but remains in place to maintain the shape of the established partial channel and prevent the muscle layer 7 from closing due to elastic recoil. This design is one of the important improvements of this invention compared to traditional methods—traditional methods immediately withdraw the forceps after separation, resulting in the loss of the channel; while this invention, by retaining the O-shaped straight forceps 3 within the channel, ensures that subsequent instruments can be smoothly inserted along the original path.

[0055] S3: Insertion of L-shaped hook 2 and widening of channel like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the L-shaped hook 2 is inserted along the O-shaped straight clamp 3 into the intercostal space and intercostal muscle layer 8. After insertion, the L-shaped hook 2 is rotated 90° to widen the gap, and then the O-shaped straight clamp 3 is pulled out.

[0056] In this step, the operator holds the L-shaped hook 2 with its hook 23 facing forward, and inserts it along the side of the O-shaped straight clamp 3, following the established path of the O-shaped straight clamp 3, to the target depth between the intercostal space and the intercostal muscle layer 8. Because the O-shaped straight clamp 3 remains in place, the insertion of the L-shaped hook 2 has clear directional guidance and will not deviate from the original channel. This avoids the "secondary blind insertion" problem caused by channel loss in traditional methods.

[0057] After the L-shaped hook 2 is inserted into place, the operator holds the grip 21 and rotates the L-shaped hook 2 90° around its axis. Because the hook 23 is bent at 90°, after rotating 90°, the bending direction of the hook 23 changes from parallel to the interrib space to perpendicular to the interrib space, thus mechanically expanding the interrib space and creating a larger operating space. During this process, the rod 22 of the L-shaped hook 2 remains in place, and the hook 23 pushes against the surrounding tissue through rotation, effectively expanding the interrib space and creating a spacious and straight channel for the subsequent insertion of the drainage tube 5.

[0058] After the channel is enlarged, the operator pulls out the O-type straight clamp 3. At this time, the L-type hook 2 remains in place, continuing to maintain the shape of the enlarged guide channel and ensuring that the channel will not close due to tissue elastic recoil.

[0059] S4: Insertion of drainage tube 5 and withdrawal of guide needle 4 like Figures 11 to 13 As shown, the drainage tube 5 supported by the guide needle 4 is inserted into the pleural cavity along the guide groove 231 of the L-shaped hook 2, and then the guide needle 4 is pulled out to complete the insertion of the drainage tube 5.

[0060] In this step, the operator first inserts the guide needle 4 into the inner cavity of the drainage tube 5. The function of the guide needle 4 is to provide rigid support for the flexible drainage tube 5, ensuring that the drainage tube 5 remains straight and does not bend or deform during the pushing process, allowing it to smoothly pass through the curved path established by the L-shaped retractor 2 and enter the pleural cavity. Then, the operator holds the drainage tube 5 with the guide needle 4 attached, aligning its tip with the guide groove 231 on the outside of the L-shaped retractor 2, and pushes it forward along the direction of the guide groove 231. The longitudinal extension direction of the guide groove 231 matches the bending direction of the hook 23, ensuring that the forward path of the drainage tube 5 is consistent with the direction of the channel established by the L-shaped retractor 2, thereby accurately delivering the drainage tube 5 into the pleural cavity.

[0061] After the drainage tube 5 is inserted to the predetermined depth, the operator removes the guide needle 4 from the drainage tube 5. At this time, the guide needle 4 is withdrawn, and the drainage tube 5 returns to a flexible state and remains in the chest cavity. Finally, the operator removes the L-shaped retractor 2, fixes the drainage tube 5, and connects the water seal bottle to complete the entire closed chest drainage operation.

[0062] (III) Technical Principles The technical principle of this invention is based on the operational concept of "three-step separation and one-step guidance": First, the principle of "preserving the channel". The core reason for the failure of traditional methods is that the separation instrument must be withdrawn after layer-by-layer separation, which causes the muscle tissue to elastically retract, resulting in misalignment or loss of the puncture channel. This invention uses the step-by-step progressive insertion of O-type straight clamps 3 and L-type retractors 2 to always keep at least one instrument occupying space in the channel, keeping the channel open throughout the operation, thereby avoiding the problem of channel loss.

[0063] Second, the principle of "rotational expansion". The hook 23 of the L-shaped hook 2 is bent at 90°. After insertion, it is rotated 90°, and the mechanical displacement of the bent hook 23 pushes the intercostal muscle tissue to achieve directional expansion of the intercostal space. This rotational expansion method is more controllable and uniform than simple forceps expansion, and causes less tearing damage to the tissue.

[0064] Third, the principle of "guided placement". The guide groove 231 set on the outside of the L-shaped hook 2 is equivalent to a track. When the drainage tube 5 is pushed along the guide groove 231, it is restricted and guided by the groove wall. The direction of movement is precisely constrained, avoiding the path deviation and loss of direction caused by manual placement in traditional methods.

[0065] Fourth, the principle of "rigid support". The guide needle 4 is inserted into the drainage tube 5 to provide rigid support, so that the soft drainage tube 5 can be pushed through the subcutaneous channel like a rigid catheter and enter the pleural cavity. Then the guide needle 4 is withdrawn to restore the soft state, which takes into account both "controllability of pushing" and "safety of indwelling". Example 1

[0066] This embodiment provides a closed thoracic drainage assembly.

[0067] The closed thoracic drainage assembly comprises four parts: a conventional dissecting forceps 1, an L-shaped retractor 2, an O-shaped straight forceps 3, and a guide pin 4. The conventional dissecting forceps 1 and the guide pin 4 are standard instruments from the prior art, while the L-shaped retractor 2 and the O-shaped straight forceps 3 are improved designs of this invention.

[0068] like Figure 2As shown, the L-shaped retractor 2 includes a gripping part 21, a rod part 22, and a hook part 23 connected in sequence, all three forming a single integrated structure. The gripping part 21 is located at the end of the L-shaped retractor 2, and its outer surface is provided with anti-slip knurling (anti-slip structure 211) to facilitate the operator's grip and prevent slippage. The rod part 22 is straight, approximately 12-15cm in length, and different sizes can be selected according to the patient's body size. The hook part 23 is located at the front end of the L-shaped retractor 2 and is connected to the rod part 22 by a 90° bend. The bend 24 is a smooth arc transition without sharp corners. The end of the hook part 23 has a smooth, blunt rounded structure without any sharp edges, so as not to scratch the tissue. A guide groove 231 is longitudinally formed on the outer side of the hook part 23 (i.e., the side opposite to the bend direction). The guide groove 231 has a U-shaped or V-shaped cross-section and a depth of approximately 1-2mm, which is used to accommodate and guide the advance direction of the drainage tube 5 during placement.

[0069] The L-shaped pull hook 2 is made entirely of 304 medical-grade stainless steel, which has excellent corrosion resistance and sufficient mechanical strength. Its one-piece molded structure ensures the overall reliability of the device, preventing loosening or breakage during use.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the O-type straight pliers 3 has an O-type jaw 31 at its front end. The O-type jaw 31 is annular, with an inner diameter of approximately 5-8 mm. The main structure of the O-type straight pliers 3 is similar to that of conventional straight pliers, including a handle, a hinge joint, and a jaw bar. The difference lies in the jaw design, which is a closed annular structure rather than an open jaw. When the O-type straight pliers 3 is opened, the annular structure of the O-type jaw 31 provides a stable support space, preventing it from closing due to tissue pressure after being opened, unlike traditional jaws.

[0071] The conventional dissecting forceps 1, using straight or curved forceps known in the art, are used for preliminary dissection of subcutaneous tissue. The guide needle 4 has a hollow or solid slender needle-like structure, the outer diameter of which matches the inner diameter of the drainage tube 5, allowing it to penetrate the drainage tube 5 and provide rigid support. Example 2

[0072] This embodiment provides a method for closed chest drainage using the closed chest drainage assembly described in Embodiment 1, specifically including the following steps.

[0073] S1: Subcutaneous tissue separation like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the patient is placed in a semi-recumbent or lateral decubitus position. The puncture site is selected according to clinical practice (for pneumothorax patients, the second intercostal space along the midclavicular line on the affected side is usually selected; for patients with pleural effusion, the posterior axillary line or the 6th-8th intercostal space along the midaxillary line is usually selected). The puncture site is routinely disinfected and draped, and local infiltration anesthesia is performed with lidocaine.

[0074] After anesthesia takes effect, make a 1cm incision in the skin at the puncture site using a scalpel (only penetrating the skin and a small amount of superficial fascia). Insert a standard dissecting forceps 1 into the incision, open the jaws with appropriate force, and bluntly dissect the skin and subcutaneous fat layer 6 to create a preliminary channel. The dissection should be limited to accommodate subsequent instruments, and excessive dissection should be avoided. After dissection is complete, remove the standard dissecting forceps 1.

[0075] S2: Muscle layer 7 insertion and support like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, hold the O-shaped straight forceps 3 with its tip 31 closed (or slightly open to facilitate advancement) and insert it along the channel initially separated in step S1. After passing through the subcutaneous fat layer, continue through the deep fascia and muscle layer 7 (pectoralis major or serratus anterior, depending on the puncture site) until reaching the intercostal space and intercostal muscle layer. During insertion, the operator should feel the change in tissue resistance; a slight feeling of loss of momentum may be felt when breaking through the intercostal muscle layer.

[0076] Upon reaching the target position, the O-type straight clamp 3 remains in place without being pulled out. At this time, the O-type clamp head 31 occupies a certain space in the intercostal muscle layer, maintaining the established muscle layer 7 channel shape and preventing the muscle tissue from closing due to elastic recoil.

[0077] S3: Insertion of L-shaped hook 2 and widening of channel like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, hold the L-shaped retractor 2 with its hook 23 facing forward and the guide groove 231 aligned with the desired direction of the drainage tube 5 (usually pointing towards the inner side of the pleural cavity). Insert the L-shaped retractor 2 close to the side of the O-shaped straight clamp 3, and push it along the established path of the O-shaped straight clamp 3 in the same direction to the target depth in the intercostal space and intercostal muscle layer. After the L-shaped retractor 2 is inserted into the pleural cavity, the hook 23 should penetrate into the pleural cavity or be close to the parietal pleura.

[0078] After confirming that the L-shaped hook 2 is inserted in place, the operator holds the grip 21 and rotates the L-shaped hook 2 90° around its axis. After rotation, the hook 23, which was originally parallel to the intercostal space, becomes perpendicular to the intercostal space. The bent portion of the hook 23 pushes against the intercostal muscle tissue, thereby widening the intercostal space. During this process, the movements should be gentle and stable to avoid excessive forceful tearing.

[0079] After the channel is widened, the operator pulls out the O-type straight clamp 3. At this time, the L-type hook 2 remains in the widened channel, keeping the channel open, in preparation for the subsequent insertion of the drainage tube 5.

[0080] S4: Insertion of drainage tube 5 and withdrawal of guide needle 4 like Figures 11 to 13As shown, select a suitable drainage tube 5 (choose different diameters depending on the drainage target: F16-18 for venting and F20-24 for draining fluid). Cut 1-2 side holes at the front end of the drainage tube 5 (approximately 1.5cm from the end). Insert the guide needle 4 completely into the lumen of the drainage tube 5, making the drainage tube 5 straight and rigid under the support of the guide needle 4.

[0081] The operator stabilizes the L-shaped retractor 2 with one hand and holds the drainage tube 5 with the guide needle 4 in the other, aligning the tip of the drainage tube 5 with the guide groove 231 on the outside of the L-shaped retractor 2. Following the direction of the guide groove 231, the drainage tube 5 is pushed into the pleural cavity at a uniform speed and gently. The presence of the guide groove 231 ensures that the direction of the drainage tube 5's advancement is always consistent with the channel established by the L-shaped retractor 2, avoiding deviation.

[0082] After pushing the drainage tube 5 to the predetermined depth (usually about 3-5 cm in the chest cavity, with the side holes fully entering the pleural cavity), gently pull out the guide needle 4 while keeping the drainage tube 5 in the same position. At this time, the drainage tube 5 returns to a soft state and remains in the pleural cavity.

[0083] Finally, remove the L-shaped retractor 2 and check whether the drainage tube 5 is in the correct position and whether the drainage is unobstructed. Suture the skin incision with silk thread and fix the drainage tube 5. Connect the outer end of the drainage tube 5 to the water seal bottle. After confirming that water column fluctuations or bubbles are visible in the drainage bottle, cover the incision with sterile gauze and fix it with adhesive tape to complete the entire closed chest drainage operation.

[0084] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but they are merely examples, and the present invention is not equivalent to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A closed thoracic drainage assembly, comprising a dissecting forceps (1) and a guide needle (4), characterized in that, It also includes L-shaped hooks (2) and O-shaped straight pliers (3); The L-shaped pull hook (2) includes a gripping part (21), a rod part (22) and a hook part (23) connected in sequence. The hook part (23) is bent. The L-shaped pull hook (2) is used to establish and maintain a guide channel in the closed thoracic drainage operation to assist the drainage tube (5) in being inserted into the thoracic cavity. The front end of the O-type straight pliers (3) is provided with an O-type pliers head (31) for supporting the operation.

2. The closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The L-shaped hook (2) has a guide groove (231) on the outside of the hook part (23) to guide the insertion direction of the drainage tube (5).

3. The closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bending angle of the hook (23) of the L-shaped hook (2) is 90°.

4. The closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hook (23) end of the L-shaped hook (2) has a smooth, bladeless structure.

5. The closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bend (24) of the hook (23) of the L-shaped hook (2) has a smooth transition structure.

6. The closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the gripping part (21) of the L-shaped hook (2) is provided with an anti-slip structure (211).

7. The closed thoracic drainage assembly and its method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The L-shaped hook (2) is made of medical metal material, and the grip (21), rod (22) and hook (23) are integrally formed.

8. A method of using the closed thoracic drainage assembly according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Use conventional separation forceps (1) to insert into the skin and subcutaneous fat layer (6), separate the skin and subcutaneous fat layer (6), and then pull out the conventional separation forceps (1). S2: Pass the O-type straight clamp (3) through the muscle layer (7), insert it into the intercostal muscle layer, and keep the O-type straight clamp (3) from being pulled out; S3: Insert the L-shaped hook (2) along the O-shaped straight clamp (3) into the gap and the intercostal muscle layer. After insertion, rotate the L-shaped hook (2) 90° to widen the gap, and then pull out the O-shaped straight clamp (3). S4: Insert the drainage tube (5) supported by the guide needle (4) into the pleural cavity along the guide groove (231) of the L-shaped hook (2), and then pull out the guide needle (4) to complete the insertion of the drainage tube (5).

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