Multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device and method with self-cleaning structure

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-stage rainwater collecting and purifying treatment equipment and method with a self-cleaning structure and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection equipment. The equipment comprises a mounting box, a movable top plate with a filter screen surface is slidably arranged at the upper end of the mounting box, and a water storage area formed by a movable baffle and a side baffle is arranged at the low position of the movable top plate. When the filter screen surface is blocked and the weight of the accumulated water in the water storage area reaches a set value, a load limiting sliding part is triggered, the movable top plate slides downward along a top plate guide, the scraper removes the impurities on the filter screen surface under the traction of the traction rope during the sliding process, the vibrating part loosens the impurities, the back blowing assembly back blows and dredges the filter screen surface, the movable baffle is opened downward to discharge the impurities, and the blocking assembly is unfolded to shield the upper port of the mounting box with the cloth cover. After the cleaning is completed, the components are automatically reset. The application utilizes the rainwater gravity to self-sense the blocking state and triggers multi-stage linkage cleaning, does not need external power, realizes efficient self-cleaning of the filter surface and multi-stage purification of the rainwater, and is suitable for long-term unattended operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection equipment technology, specifically to a multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device and method with a self-cleaning structure. Background Technology

[0002] Water scarcity is a common challenge facing the world, and rainwater harvesting and resource utilization have become important ways to alleviate urban water shortages, reduce drainage pressure, and prevent urban flooding. Collected and treated rainwater can be used for non-domestic water applications such as landscape irrigation, greening, and road washing, demonstrating significant water-saving benefits and ecological value. In rainwater harvesting systems, filtration is a crucial step in ensuring the quality of the effluent. Because rainwater carries a large amount of solid impurities such as fallen leaves, silt, and gravel during its fall and runoff, filtration devices must be installed at the collection inlet to intercept them. However, after long-term operation, larger debris such as leaves and branches easily accumulate on the filter surface, causing gradual blockage of the filter pores, reducing the water flow area, and significantly decreasing rainwater harvesting efficiency. In severe cases, this can even lead to the paralysis of the entire collection system.

[0003] Existing technologies offer several solutions to the problem of filter clogging. One approach relies on external power sources such as motors to drive cleaning brushes or scrapers, but this method is energy-intensive, and electrical components are prone to failure in humid environments, affecting the long-term stable operation of the system. Another approach involves manual periodic disassembly and cleaning, but this is difficult to accurately assess the actual clogging status of the filter surface, resulting in poor timeliness, resource waste, or collection interruptions. In recent years, while some solutions have attempted to utilize the gravity of rainwater to trigger cleaning, these generally suffer from insufficient cleaning force, complex structures, or unreliable cleaning effects. Therefore, developing a multi-stage rainwater collection and purification device that can automatically sense the clogging status of the filter surface and trigger reliable cleaning actions without external power has significant practical implications and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage rainwater collection and purification device and method with a self-cleaning structure to solve the problem of poor cleaning effect in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A self-cleaning, multi-stage rainwater collection and purification device includes a mounting box with multiple support legs at the bottom. The upper end of the mounting box has a sloping opening, and a movable top plate is slidably mounted at the opening. A filter screen is provided on the lower surface of the movable top plate. The mounting box contains a water storage chamber, and a filter assembly for further rainwater filtration is located above the water storage chamber. A top plate guide is provided between the movable top plate and the mounting box, and a floating unit is provided between the top plate guide and the movable top plate. Protective side plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable top plate. The mounting box also includes a vibrating component that causes the movable top plate to sway during sliding. The lower part of the movable top plate extends out of the mounting box, and a movable baffle passes through this extension. Side baffles are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable top plate, forming a water storage area between the two side baffles and the movable baffle. A load-limiting sliding component is located between the upper end of the movable top plate and the mounting box. A sealing component is also provided between the upper end of the movable top plate and the mounting box. A backflushing component is also provided at the bottom of the movable top plate to blow air towards the bottom of the filter screen. A scraper is slidably provided on the surface of the movable top plate. A scraping guide is provided between the scraper and the mounting box. A rubber scraper strip is provided at the lower end of the scraper and contacts the surface of the movable top plate. A rope tube is provided in the middle of the movable baffle. A traction rope is passed through the rope tube. The upper end of the traction rope is connected to the center of the scraper. The lower end of the traction rope is connected to the traction fixing block on the surface of the mounting box. A traction block is provided at the lower end of the rope tube. The traction block and the traction rope are connected by a traction spring. A barrier reset component is provided between the movable baffle and the movable top plate. Further embodiment: The backflush assembly includes a backflush pipe fixed below the movable top plate. The surface of the backflush pipe is provided with multiple backflush nozzles facing the filter screen. The backflush pipe is connected to the movable top plate through an air blowing frame. The backflush pipe collides with the mounting box. The air inlet end of the backflush pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the inflation cylinder through an air guide pipe. The air guide pipe is provided with a one-way air inlet valve. The inflation cylinder is fixed on the outside of the movable top plate. A piston block is slidably provided inside the inflation cylinder. A piston push rod is fixedly provided at the center of the piston block. A pressure ball is rotatably provided at the end of the piston push rod. A compression baffle is fixedly provided on the outside of the mounting box. The pressure ball is in pressure contact with the surface of the compression baffle. The piston block is connected to the bottom of the inflation cylinder through an inflation spring. A one-way air intake valve is provided at the end of the inflation cylinder. Further solution: The enclosure reset component includes baffle reset blocks symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable top plate, and the baffle reset blocks are connected to the movable top plate by baffle reset springs; Further solution: The upper outer side of the movable baffle is provided with a limiting baffle, and the upper end of the movable top plate is provided with a baffle storage groove corresponding to the limiting baffle; Further solution: The scraping guide includes scraping guide rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper end of the mounting box. The scraping guide rods slide through the perforations on the surface of the scraper, and the scraper and the end of the scraping guide rods are connected by a scraper return spring. Further solution: The sealing assembly includes a roll frame disposed on the surface of the mounting box, with a take-up drum rotatably disposed at the upper end of the roll frame, and a shielding cloth wound on the take-up drum, the traction end of the shielding cloth being connected to the end of the movable top plate; Further solution: The movable baffle is symmetrically provided with auxiliary sealing strips on both sides, and the surface of the side baffle is provided with sealing grooves that slide and match the auxiliary sealing strips, so as to ensure the sealing of the contact position; Further solution: The load-limiting sliding component includes a mounting block disposed on the surface of the mounting box, a floating stop bar slidably disposed in the mounting block, an avoidance spring disposed in the inner cavity of the mounting block to limit the up and down movement of the floating stop bar, an inclined block rotatably disposed at the upper end of the floating stop bar, a hanging rod disposed at the bottom of the movable top plate, a hook wheel rotatably disposed at the lower end of the hanging rod, and the hook wheel abutting against the inclined surface of the inclined block; Further embodiment: The vibrating component includes a pressure rod disposed on the upper port of the mounting box, a floating pressure wheel rotatably disposed at the end of the pressure rod, and a protrusion distributed along its sliding path on the lower end surface of the movable top plate, with the floating pressure wheel corresponding to the position of the protrusion. Further embodiment: The floating unit includes a sliding through hole at the upper end of the guide slider, a floating slide rod is fitted in the sliding through hole, the upper end of the floating slide rod is connected to the movable top plate, and a floating spring is provided between the movable top plate and the guide slider; Further embodiment: The top plate guide includes top plate guide rods symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the mounting box, and guide sliders are slidably provided on the top plate guide rods. The guide sliders are connected to the inner wall of the mounting box through a top plate return spring. Further solution: The filter assembly includes a pull-out opening on the outside of the installation box, a filling frame is slidably provided at the pull-out opening, the outer end of the filling frame is connected to the movable sealing plate, a group of water leakage holes is distributed at the bottom of the filling frame, and the filling frame is provided with a first filter area, a second filter area and a third filter area from top to bottom. Further solution: A water intake pipe is provided on the outside of the installation box, and the water intake device is connected to the water intake pipe.

[0006] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention features a water storage area consisting of a movable baffle and side baffles located at the lower part of the movable top plate. When rainwater accumulates due to filter screen blockage, the weight of the water storage area gradually increases. Once a set value is reached, the movable top plate is automatically triggered to slide, achieving precise sensing and self-triggered cleaning of the filter screen blockage. Simultaneously, by setting a load-limiting sliding component, the hook wheel and the inclined block are locked together to ensure the movable top plate remains stationary when the water weight has not reached the set value. This avoids frequent triggering of cleaning due to light rain, which would affect the normal water collection efficiency. When the weight reaches the set value, the hook wheel presses against the inclined block, causing the floating baffle to slide downwards against the avoidance spring, and the movable top plate is then released and slides down, achieving delayed and controllable triggering of the cleaning action.

[0007] In this invention, during the sliding process of the movable top plate, the movable baffle is automatically pulled downwards and opened by the cooperation of the traction rope, traction spring, and rope tube, releasing the enclosure and allowing the accumulated impurities to be discharged outwards with the water flow. At the same time, the scraper slides along the surface of the movable top plate under the action of the scraping guide, and the impurities attached to the filter screen are forcibly scraped off by the rubber scraper. The scraping and impurity discharge actions are linked and continuous. On this basis, by setting up a back-blowing component, when the movable top plate slides, the extrusion baffle plate presses against the piston push rod, causing the gas in the air cylinder to enter the back-blowing pipe through the air guide pipe and be sprayed out from the back-blowing nozzle. The airflow back-blowing the filter screen surface from bottom to top, combined with the intermittent pressure of the floating pressure wheel in the vibrating component and the protrusion at the bottom of the movable top plate, the movable top plate bounces up and down, and the covered impurities are loosened by vibration. This forms a triple synergistic cleaning mechanism of "vibration loosening, scraper removal, and airflow back-blowing", which significantly improves the regeneration capacity and cleaning thoroughness of the filter screen surface.

[0008] This invention, through the installation of a sealing component, ensures that when the movable top plate slides downwards, the shielding cloth is pulled open and covers the upper port of the installation box, preventing unfiltered rainwater from falling directly into the installation box and guaranteeing that all rainwater entering the water storage chamber is fully filtered. When the movable top plate resets, all components automatically return to their initial state under the action of multiple reset forces, including the top plate reset spring, scraper reset spring, baffle reset spring, and air spring, awaiting the next round of water collection and cleaning cycle. This achieves fully automatic reciprocating operation, adapting to long-term unattended use scenarios. In conjunction with the multi-stage filtration component above the water storage chamber, the initially filtered rainwater undergoes progressive deep purification, further ensuring the quality of the collected rainwater. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of one side of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the other side of the invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Structural diagram of A in the middle; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Structural diagram of B in the middle; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 Structural diagram of C; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 2 Structural diagram of D in the middle; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the floating stop bar in this invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 2 Structural diagram of E in the middle; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Structural diagram of F in the middle; Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the bottom of the movable top plate of the present invention.

[0010] In the diagram: mounting box 100, support leg 101, movable sealing plate 102, overflow pipe 103, water intake pipe 104, leakage hole group 105, third filter zone 106, second filter zone 107, first filter zone 108, filling frame 109. Traction fixing block 200, traction rope 201, movable baffle 202, wear-resistant layer 203, scraper 204, scraper guide rod 205, scraper return spring 206, traction spring 207, traction block 208, rope tube 209, side baffle 210, sealing groove 211, auxiliary sealing strip 212, limit baffle 213, baffle storage groove 214, baffle return spring 215, baffle return block 216; 300 movable top plate, 301 winding drum, 302 drum frame, 303 protective side plate, 304 air cylinder, 305 piston block, 306 piston push rod, 307 compression baffle, 308 filter screen, 309 top plate guide rod, 310 guide slider, 311 top plate reset spring, 312 protrusion block, 313 floating spring, 314 floating slide rod, 315 backflush pipe, 316 backflush nozzle, 317 pressure ball, 318 floating pressure wheel, 319 air guide pipe; Floating stop 400, mounting block 401, reset shaft 402, inclined block 403, hook wheel 404, avoidance spring 405. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0012] like Figures 1 to 11As shown, this invention provides a self-cleaning, multi-stage rainwater collection and purification device, including a mounting box 100 with multiple support legs 101 at its bottom. The upper end of the mounting box 100 has a sloping opening structure; the lower end of the opening collects rainwater, while the higher end is used to mount movable components. A movable top plate 300 is slidably mounted at the upper opening of the mounting box 100. The movable top plate 300 is arranged at an angle, and its lower surface has a filter screen 308 for filtration. After rainwater falls onto the surface of the movable top plate 300, it automatically flows down the slope to the lower position, achieving preliminary solid-liquid separation through the filter screen 308. The mounting box 100 contains a water storage chamber for storing purified rainwater, and above the water storage chamber is a filter assembly for further filtration of the rainwater, achieving multi-stage deep purification of the rainwater.

[0013] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a top plate guide is provided between the movable top plate 300 and the mounting box 100. Specifically, the top plate guide includes top plate guide rods 309 symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the mounting box 100, and the top plate guide rods 309 are arranged along the inclined direction of the mounting box 100. A guide slider 310 is slidably mounted on the top plate guide rods 309, and the guide slider 310 is connected to the inner wall of the mounting box 100 through a top plate return spring 311. Under the traction force of the top plate return spring 311, the movable top plate 300 is normally located at a high position at the upper port of the mounting box 100, covering the upper port of the mounting box 100, allowing rainwater to flow in normally. The sliding cooperation between the guide slider 310 and the top plate guide rods 309 ensures the smooth movement and directional accuracy of the movable top plate 300 during the sliding process, avoiding deviation or jamming.

[0014] like Figure 2 , Figure 11 As shown, a floating unit is provided between the top plate guide and the movable top plate 300. The floating unit includes a sliding through hole at the upper end of the guide slider 310, in which a floating slide rod 314 is fitted. The floating slide rod 314 is vertically positioned, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the movable top plate 300. A floating spring 313 is provided between the movable top plate 300 and the guide slider 310, and the floating spring 313 is sleeved on the outside of the floating slide rod 314. Under the elastic support of the floating spring 313, there is a vertical floating space between the movable top plate 300 and the mounting box 100, allowing the movable top plate 300 to generate a bouncing motion during sliding, thereby assisting in loosening impurities and improving the cleaning effect.

[0015] like Figure 1 , Figure 10As shown, a load-limiting sliding member is provided between the upper end of the movable top plate 300 and the mounting box 100. This load-limiting sliding member provides sufficient time for water to accumulate in the water storage area, preventing frequent cleaning actions triggered by light rainfall from affecting normal water collection efficiency. Specifically, the load-limiting sliding member includes a mounting block 401 disposed on the surface of the mounting box 100. The mounting block 401 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the high end of the upper port of the mounting box 100. A floating baffle 400 is slidably disposed within the mounting block 401. The floating baffle 400 is vertically arranged and can slide up and down. An obstacle spring 405 is provided in the inner cavity of the mounting block 401 to restrict the up and down movement of the floating baffle 400. The obstacle spring 405 is sleeved on the lower part of the floating baffle 400, with one end abutting against the floating baffle 400 and the other end abutting against the inner wall of the mounting block 401, providing an upward restoring force for the floating baffle 400. The upper end of the floating stop 400 is rotatably equipped with an inclined block 403, which is rotatably connected to the floating stop 400 via a reset shaft 402, allowing the inclined block 403 to rotate unidirectionally around the reset shaft 402. The bottom of the movable top plate 300 is equipped with a hanging rod, and the lower end of the hanging rod is rotatably equipped with a hook wheel 404, which abuts against the inclined surface of the inclined block 403.

[0016] like Figure 2 , Figure 8 As shown, protective side plates 303 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the movable top plate 300. The protective side plates 303 are fixedly installed on both sides of the movable top plate 300. Their function is to prevent rainwater from flowing directly into the installation box 100 from both sides of the movable top plate 300 without being filtered by the filter screen 308, and to ensure that all rainwater entering the installation box 100 is fully filtered.

[0017] like Figure 2 , Figure 8 As shown, the mounting box 100 is also equipped with a vibrating element that causes the movable top plate 300 to bounce when it slides. This vibrating element causes the movable top plate 300 to vibrate during its descent, loosening the impurities accumulated on the filter screen 308 and facilitating subsequent cleaning. Specifically, the vibrating element includes a pressure rod located at the edge of the upper port of the mounting box 100. A floating pressure wheel 318 is rotatably mounted at the end of the pressure rod, located at the lower end of the upper port of the mounting box 100. The lower surface of the movable top plate 300 is provided with protrusions 312 evenly distributed along its sliding path, and the floating pressure wheel 318 corresponds to the position of the protrusions 312. When the movable top plate 300 slides downward along the upper port of the mounting box 100, the floating pressure roller 318 intermittently engages with each protrusion 312, generating an upward intermittent pushing force on the movable top plate 300. Combined with the elastic support of the floating spring 313, the movable top plate 300 continuously bounces up and down while sliding, thereby vibrating and loosening the impurities covering the filter screen 308, making it easier to scrape and backflushing clean later.

[0018] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the movable top plate 300 extends outward from its lower position into the mounting box 100, and a movable baffle 202 passes through this extension. The movable baffle 202 is perpendicular to the surface of the movable top plate 300 and can slide vertically up and down. Side baffles 210 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable top plate 300 on both sides of the movable baffle 202. The side baffles 210 are fixedly installed on the surface of the movable top plate 300, and the two side baffles 210 together with the movable baffle 202 form a water storage area. When the filter screen 308 becomes clogged, rainwater cannot seep down in time and accumulates in this water storage area under the containment effect of the movable baffle 202. As the water volume in the water storage area increases, the downward sliding force on the movable top plate 300 gradually increases. When the set threshold of the load-limiting sliding component is reached, the movable top plate 300 is released and begins to slide down.

[0019] like Figure 6 As shown, a barrier reset component is provided between the movable baffle 202 and the movable top plate 300, used to drive the movable baffle 202 upward to reset and restore the barrier state after cleaning. The barrier reset component includes baffle reset blocks 216 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable top plate 300. The baffle reset blocks 216 are fixedly installed on the surface of the movable top plate 300, and the baffle reset blocks 216 are connected to the movable top plate 300 by a baffle reset spring 215. One end of the baffle reset spring 215 is connected to the baffle reset block 216, and the other end is connected to the movable baffle 202. When the movable baffle 202 is pulled downward, the baffle reset spring 215 is stretched. When the traction force disappears, the baffle reset spring 215 contracts, driving the movable baffle 202 upward to reset.

[0020] like Figure 7 As shown, a limiting baffle 213 is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the movable baffle 202, and a baffle receiving groove 214 corresponding to the limiting baffle 213 is provided on the upper end of the movable top plate 300. When the movable baffle 202 is pulled downward, the limiting baffle 213 moves downward with the movable baffle 202 and is embedded in the baffle receiving groove 214. After the limiting baffle 213 abuts against the bottom wall of the baffle receiving groove 214, it restricts the movable baffle 202 from continuing to slide downward, thereby preventing the movable baffle 202 from moving downward excessively and falling out of the movable top plate 300.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5As shown, a scraper 204 is slidably mounted on the surface of the movable top plate 300. The scraper 204 is positioned across the width of the movable top plate 300, and a scraping guide is provided between the scraper 204 and the mounting box 100. A rubber scraper strip is provided at the lower end of the scraper 204, contacting the surface of the movable top plate 300. The rubber scraper strip has good elasticity and wear resistance, allowing it to closely adhere to the surface of the movable top plate 300 during the movement of the scraper 204, effectively scraping away impurities attached to the filter screen 308. The scraping guide includes scraping guide rods 205 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper end of the mounting box 100, parallel to the sliding direction of the movable top plate 300. The scraping guide rods 205 slide through perforations in the surface of the scraper 204. The scraper 204 and the ends of the scraping guide rods 205 are connected by a scraper return spring 206, which is used to drive the scraper 204 back to its initial position after cleaning.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a rope-threading tube 209 is provided in the middle of the movable baffle 202. The rope-threading tube 209 extends along the length of the movable baffle 202 and is used not only to thread the traction rope 201, but also to improve the overall structural strength of the movable baffle 202 and prevent bending deformation during long-term use. A traction rope 201 is threaded through the rope-threading tube 209. The upper end of the traction rope 201 is fixedly connected to the center of the scraper 204 and is used to pull the scraper 204 to slide and scrape material along the surface of the movable top plate 300. The lower end of the traction rope 201 is fixedly connected to a traction fixing block 200 on the surface of the mounting box 100. The traction fixing block 200 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower end of the upper port of the mounting box 100. A traction block 208 is provided at the lower end of the rope-threading tube 209. The traction block 208 is fixedly installed on the movable baffle 202 and is connected to the traction rope 201 by a traction spring 207. When the movable baffle 202 slides downward with the movable top plate 300, the lower end of the traction rope 201 is fixed to the traction fixing block 200 on the mounting box 100. The traction rope 201 moves upward relative to the movable baffle 202, generating a downward pulling force on the movable baffle 202 through the traction spring 207 and the traction block 208, causing the movable baffle 202 to slide downward and open relative to the movable top plate 300. The surface of the traction rope 201 is provided with a wear-resistant layer 203, which protects the traction rope 201, reduces friction and wear between the traction rope 201 and the rope-threading tube 209, and extends the service life of the traction rope 201.

[0023] like Figure 7As shown, auxiliary sealing strips 212 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable baffle 202, and the auxiliary sealing strips 212 are arranged along the side edge of the movable baffle 202. The surface of the side baffle 210 is provided with a sealing groove 211 that slides and matches the auxiliary sealing strip 212. The auxiliary sealing strip 212 is slidably embedded in the sealing groove 211. This can ensure the sealing of the contact position between the movable baffle 202 and the side baffle 210, prevent rainwater in the water storage area from leaking from the gap between the movable baffle 202 and the side baffle 210, and ensure that the water storage area can effectively store water.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the sealing assembly includes a roller frame 302 disposed on the surface of the mounting box 100, which is fixedly installed on the outer side of the high end of the upper port of the mounting box 100. A take-up drum 301 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the roller frame 302, and a return spring is installed inside the take-up drum 301. A shielding cloth made of waterproof flexible material is wound around the take-up drum 301, and the traction end of the shielding cloth is fixedly connected to the end of the movable top plate 300. When the movable top plate 300 slides downward, the shielding cloth is pulled by the movable top plate 300 and unfolds from the take-up drum 301, thereby covering the upper port of the mounting box 100 and preventing rainwater from falling directly into the mounting box 100 without being filtered by the filter screen 308 after the movable top plate 300 slides down. When the movable top plate 300 returns to its original position, the take-up drum 301 automatically rotates under the action of the return spring to rewind the shielding cloth.

[0025] like Figure 2 , Figure 9 As shown, the bottom of the movable top plate 300 is also provided with a back-blowing component that blows air toward the bottom of the filter screen 308. The back-blowing component blows air back onto the filter area from below the filter screen 308. The airflow passes through the filter holes of the filter screen 308 from bottom to top, blowing out the fine impurities blocked in the filter holes. Combined with the mechanical scraping of the scraper 204 and the vibration of the vibrating component, the cleaning effect and the regeneration capacity of the filter screen 308 are further improved.

[0026] Specifically, the backflushing assembly includes a backflushing pipe 315 fixed below the movable top plate 300, arranged along the width direction of the movable top plate 300. The surface of the backflushing pipe 315 is provided with multiple backflushing nozzles 316 facing the filter screen 308, and these nozzles are evenly distributed along the length of the backflushing pipe 315 to ensure uniform backflushing of all areas of the filter screen 308. The backflushing pipe 315 is fixedly connected to the movable top plate 300 via an air-blowing frame, and moves synchronously with the movable top plate 300. It should be noted that sufficient clearance is provided between the movable top plate 300 and the mounting box 100, so there is no need to worry about the backflushing pipe 315 colliding with or interfering with the mounting box 100 when the movable top plate 300 slides down.

[0027] The air inlet of the backflush pipe 315 is connected to the air inlet of the inflation cylinder 304 via the air guide pipe 319. The air guide pipe 319 is equipped with a one-way air inlet valve to ensure that gas can only flow from the inflation cylinder 304 to the backflush pipe 315 along the air guide pipe 319, preventing gas backflow. The inflation cylinder 304 is fixedly installed on the outside of the movable top plate 300 and moves synchronously with the movable top plate 300. A piston block 305 is slidably installed inside the inflation cylinder 304, and the outer peripheral wall of the piston block 305 is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner wall of the inflation cylinder 304. A piston push rod 306 is fixedly installed at the center of the piston block 305, and one end of the piston push rod 306 extends out of the inflation cylinder 304, with a pressure ball 317 rotatably installed at its end. A compression baffle 307 is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting box 100 at a corresponding position on the outer wall of the mounting box 100, and the pressure ball 317 is in pressure contact with the surface of the compression baffle 307. The piston block 305 is connected to the bottom of the air cylinder 304 via an air spring, which pushes the piston block 305 outward to reset. The air cylinder 304 is equipped with a one-way suction valve at its end, allowing external air to enter the air cylinder 304.

[0028] When the movable top plate 300 slides downward, the air cylinder 304 fixed on the movable top plate 300 moves downward simultaneously. Under the pressure of the compression baffle 307, the pressure ball 317 pushes the piston rod 306 into the air cylinder 304, causing the piston block 305 to slide along the inner wall of the air cylinder 304, compressing the gas inside the air cylinder 304. The compressed gas enters the backflush pipe 315 through the air guide pipe 319, and then is sprayed out towards the filter screen 308 through each backflush nozzle 316. The airflow backflushes the filter screen 308, blowing away the fine impurities clogging the filter holes. When the movable top plate 300 resets, the air spring pushes the piston block 305 outward to reset, and external air re-enters the air cylinder 304 through the one-way suction valve, reserving gas for the next backflush action.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, the filter assembly includes a pull-out opening on the outside of the mounting box 100. A filling frame 109 is slidably disposed at the pull-out opening. The outer end of the filling frame 109 is fixedly connected to a movable sealing plate 102. After the filling frame 109 is inserted into the pull-out opening, the movable sealing plate 102 fits against the outer wall of the mounting box 100. A group of drainage holes 105 are distributed at the bottom of the filling frame 109, through which filtered rainwater flows into the water storage chamber below. The filling frame 109 has a first filtration zone 108, a second filtration zone 107, and a third filtration zone 106 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Each filtration zone is filled with filter media of different particle sizes or different types to achieve progressive deep purification of rainwater. After being initially filtered by the filter screen 308, the rainwater enters the filling frame 109 and is filtered sequentially through the first filter zone 108, the second filter zone 107, and the third filter zone 106. The purified rainwater flows through the drainage hole group 105 into the water storage cavity at the bottom of the installation box 100 for later use.

[0030] The installation box 100 is equipped with a water intake pipe 104 on its outer side. The water intake device is connected to the water intake pipe 104 to extract and utilize the purified rainwater. When the amount of rainwater collected is too large, the excess rainwater can be discharged along the overflow pipe 103 set on the side wall of the installation box 100 to prevent the water level in the water storage chamber from becoming too high and overflowing.

[0031] The working principle of this invention will be explained in detail below: The core concept of this invention is to use the gravity of rainwater as a driving force to achieve self-sensing of the filter screen's clogging status and self-triggering of the cleaning action, without requiring any external power input throughout the process.

[0032] In the initial state, the movable top plate 300 is positioned high at the upper port of the mounting box 100 under the traction of the top plate return spring 311, covering the upper port of the mounting box 100. The movable baffle 202 is in an upward-extending state under the action of the baffle return spring 215, forming a water storage area together with the side baffles 210 on both sides. The hook wheel 404 is located on the upstream side of the inclined block 403, and is locked against the inclined surface of the inclined block 403, restricting the downward sliding of the movable top plate 300.

[0033] After rainwater falls on the surface of the movable top plate 300, it flows along the slope to the lower filter screen 308. Under normal conditions where the filter screen 308 is not clogged, rainwater smoothly passes through the filter screen 308 and enters the interior of the installation box 100. After being deeply purified by the multi-stage filtration zone in the filling frame 109, it flows into the water storage chamber for storage and later use.

[0034] As the filter screen 308 gradually becomes clogged with impurities, the rate of rainwater infiltration slows down. Under the containment effect of the movable baffle 202, rainwater begins to accumulate in the water storage area. As the amount of accumulated water increases, the downward sliding force on the movable top plate 300 continues to increase. When this downward force reaches the set threshold of the load-limiting sliding member, the hook wheel 404 presses against the inclined surface of the inclined block 403, causing the floating baffle 400 to slide downward against the avoidance spring 405. The hook wheel 404 passes over the inclined block 403, the movable top plate 300 is released, and begins to slide downward along the top plate guide rod 309.

[0035] During the downward movement of the movable top plate 300, the floating pressure roller 318 in the vibrating component intermittently presses against the protrusion 312 at the bottom of the movable top plate 300. Combined with the elastic support of the floating spring 313, this causes the movable top plate 300 to bounce up and down, loosening impurities on the filter screen 308. Simultaneously, the squeeze baffle 307 presses against the piston push rod 306, pushing the piston block 305 to force gas from the air cylinder 304 through the air guide pipe 319 into the backflush pipe 315. Airflow is then ejected upwards from the bottom of the filter screen 308 through the backflush nozzle 316, clearing the filter holes. During this process, the traction rope 201 applies a downward pulling force to the movable baffle 202 through the traction spring 207 and the traction block 208, causing the movable baffle 202 to slide downwards and open, allowing the accumulated water in the water storage area and the cleaned impurities to be discharged outwards. Simultaneously, the scraper 204 slides along the surface of the movable top plate 300 under the traction of the traction rope 201, and the rubber scraper at the lower end forcibly scrapes off the impurities attached to the filter screen 308. The shielding cloth in the sealing assembly is pulled and unfolded by the movable top plate 300 to cover the upper port of the mounting box 100, ensuring that rainwater will not fall directly into the mounting box 100 without being filtered after the movable top plate 300 slides down.

[0036] After the accumulated water and impurities in the water storage area are discharged, the downward force on the movable top plate 300 disappears. Under the traction of the top plate return spring 311, the movable top plate 300 slides upward and resets along the top plate guide rod 309. Each component then automatically resets: the scraper 204 resets under the action of the scraper return spring 206; the movable baffle 202 extends upward and resets under the action of the baffle return spring 215, re-forming the enclosure state; the air spring pushes the piston block 305 to reset and replenishes air through the one-way suction valve; the winding drum 301 re-wound the covering cloth under the action of the reset coil spring; and the hook wheel 404, with the unidirectional rotation of the inclined block 403, passes over the inclined block 403 and returns to its initial position, awaiting the next water collection and cleaning cycle.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure, characterized in that, The system includes a mounting box (100), the upper end of which has a sloping opening structure. A movable top plate (300) is slidably provided at the upper opening position of the mounting box (100). A filter screen (308) for filtration is provided on the lower surface of the movable top plate (300). The mounting box (100) has a water storage chamber for storing water. A filter assembly for further filtration of rainwater is provided above the water storage chamber. A top plate guide is provided between the movable top plate (300) and the mounting box (100). A floating unit is provided between the top plate guide and the movable top plate (300). Protective side plates (303) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the movable top plate (300). The mounting box (100) is also provided with a mechanism to allow the movable top plate to move. The movable top plate (300) is a vibrating component that causes it to bounce when it slides. The movable top plate (300) extends from the mounting box (100) at a low position, and a movable baffle (202) passes through this extension position. Side baffles (210) are symmetrically provided on the movable top plate (300) on both sides of the movable baffle (202). A water storage area is formed between the two side baffles (210) and the movable baffle (202). A load-limiting sliding component is provided between the upper end of the movable top plate (300) and the mounting box (100). A sealing component is also provided between the upper end of the movable top plate (300) and the mounting box (100). A back-blowing component is also provided at the bottom of the movable top plate (300) to blow air toward the bottom of the filter screen (308). A scraper (204) is slidably provided on the surface of the movable top plate (300). A scraping guide is provided between the scraper (204) and the mounting box (100). A rubber scraper strip is provided at the lower end of the scraper (204) and contacts the surface of the movable top plate (300). A rope tube (209) is provided in the middle of the movable baffle (202). A traction rope (201) is passed through the rope tube (209). The upper end of the traction rope (201) is connected to the center of the scraper (204). The lower end of the traction rope (201) is connected to the traction fixing block (200) on the surface of the mounting box (100). A traction block (208) is provided at the lower end of the rope tube (209). The traction block (208) is connected to the traction rope (201) through a traction spring (207). A barrier reset component is provided between the movable baffle (202) and the movable top plate (300).

2. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backflush assembly includes a backflush pipe (315) fixed below the movable top plate (300). The surface of the backflush pipe (315) is provided with multiple backflush nozzles (316) facing the filter screen (308). The backflush pipe (315) is connected to the movable top plate (300) via an air-blowing frame. The backflush pipe (315) collides with the mounting box (100). The air inlet end of the backflush pipe (315) is connected to the air inlet end of the air cylinder (304) via an air guide pipe (319). The air guide pipe (319) is provided with a one-way air inlet valve. The air cylinder (304) is fixed to the movable top plate (300). On the outside of the air cylinder (304), a piston block (305) is slidably provided inside the air cylinder (304). A piston push rod (306) is fixedly provided at the center of the piston block (305). A pressure ball (317) is rotatably provided at the end of the piston push rod (306). A compression baffle (307) is fixedly provided on the outside of the mounting box (100). The pressure ball (317) is in contact with the surface of the compression baffle (307). The piston block (305) is connected to the bottom of the air cylinder (304) through an air spring. A one-way suction valve is provided at the end of the air cylinder (304).

3. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure reset component includes baffle reset blocks (216) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable top plate (300), and the baffle reset blocks (216) are connected to the movable top plate (300) by baffle reset springs (215).

4. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable baffle (202) has a limiting baffle (213) on the outer side of its upper end, and the movable top plate (300) has a baffle storage groove (214) corresponding to the limiting baffle (213) on its upper end.

5. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraping guide includes scraping guide rods (205) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper end of the mounting box (100). The scraping guide rods (205) slide through the perforations on the surface of the scraper (204). The scraper (204) and the end of the scraping guide rods (205) are connected by a scraper return spring (206).

6. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing assembly includes a roll frame (302) disposed on the surface of the mounting box (100), and a take-up drum (301) is rotatably disposed on the upper end of the roll frame (302). A shielding cloth is wound on the take-up drum (301), and the traction end of the shielding cloth is connected to the end of the movable top plate (300).

7. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load-limiting sliding component includes a mounting block (401) disposed on the surface of the mounting box (100). A floating stop bar (400) is slidably disposed in the mounting block (401). An avoidance spring (405) is disposed in the inner cavity of the mounting block (401) to restrict the up and down movement of the floating stop bar (400). An inclined block (403) is rotatably disposed at the upper end of the floating stop bar (400). A hanging rod is disposed at the bottom of the movable top plate (300). A hook wheel (404) is rotatably disposed at the lower end of the hanging rod. The hook wheel (404) is in abutting contact with the inclined surface of the inclined block (403).

8. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibrating element includes a pressure rod disposed on the upper port of the mounting box (100), and a floating pressure wheel (318) is rotatably provided at the end of the pressure rod. The lower end face of the movable top plate (300) is provided with protrusions (312) distributed along its sliding path. The floating pressure wheel (318) and the protrusions (312) are positioned corresponding to each other.

9. The multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating unit includes a sliding through hole at the upper end of the guide slider (310), and a floating slide rod (314) is provided in the sliding through hole. The upper end of the floating slide rod (314) is connected to the movable top plate (300), and a floating spring (313) is provided between the movable top plate (300) and the guide slider (310).

10. A purification method for a multi-stage rainwater collection and purification treatment device with a self-cleaning structure as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Rainwater falls onto the surface of the movable top plate (300), and after being initially filtered by the filter screen (308) at the lower position, it enters the interior of the installation box (100). Impurities in the rainwater are intercepted and accumulate on the surface of the filter screen (308) and the movable baffle (202). The water storage area formed by the two side baffles (210) and the movable baffle (202) begins to accumulate water. S2: As the water volume in the storage area increases, the downward force on the movable top plate (300) gradually increases. When the downward force reaches the set value of the load-limiting sliding member, the hook wheel (404) presses against the inclined block (403), causing the floating stop (400) to slide downward against the avoidance spring (405). The hook wheel (404) passes over the inclined block (403), the movable top plate (300) is released and slides downward along the top plate guide member. During the downward movement, the floating pressure wheel (318) and the bottom of the movable top plate (300) are... The protruding block (312) intermittently presses against the filter screen (308), causing the movable top plate (300) to bounce up and down, loosening the impurities on the filter screen (308). At the same time, the squeeze baffle (307) presses against the piston push rod (306), pushing the piston block (305) to slide along the inner wall of the air cylinder (304). The gas in the air cylinder (304) enters the backflush pipe (315) through the air guide pipe (319) and is sprayed out from the backflush nozzle (316) toward the bottom of the filter screen (308) to backflush and clear the filter screen (308). S3: During the downward sliding of the movable top plate (300), the traction rope (201) pulls the movable baffle (202) downward through the traction spring (207) to release the blockage of impurities. The accumulated impurities are discharged outward with the water flow. At the same time, the scraper (204) slides along the surface of the movable top plate (300) under the traction of the traction rope (201). The rubber scraper at the lower end of the scraper (204) forcibly scrapes off the impurities attached to the filter screen (308). The shielding cloth in the sealing component is pulled out and covers the upper port of the installation box (100) to prevent rainwater from directly entering the interior of the installation box (100). The rainwater filtered by the filter screen (308) enters the filter component above the water storage chamber for multi-stage filtration. The purified rainwater flows into the water storage chamber for storage. S4: After the water in the water storage area is drained, the movable top plate (300) slides upward and resets under the traction of the top plate reset spring (311), the scraper (204) resets under the action of the scraper reset spring (206), and the movable baffle (202) resets upward and resets under the action of the baffle reset spring (215) to form the enclosure state again, and each component returns to its initial position.

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