A skinning rolling process for S45C-HZ steel for precision bright bar
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611233788.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-13
AI Technical Summary
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种精密光亮杆件用S45C-HZ钢的剥皮轧制工艺，具备成分精准管控提升钢质基础等优点，解决了原料成分控制粗放，硫含量偏高且成分均匀性差，导致钢质纯净度不足的问题
1、该精密光亮杆件用S45C-HZ钢的剥皮轧制工艺，该工艺实现了成分精准管控提升钢质基础：通过严格控制原料碳、硅、锰元素含量范围，尤其将硫含量限定在 0.002%-0.007% 的低硫区间，显著提高钢质纯净度和成分均匀性，减少夹杂缺陷，为后续加工性能和力学性能提升奠定基础。
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal processing technology, specifically to a peeling and rolling process for S45C-HZ steel used in precision bright rods. Background Technology
[0002] Precision bright rods are widely used in precision machinery fields such as gears, shafts, and transmission components, where the requirements for the mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality of the materials are stringent. Currently, the industry mostly uses medium carbon steel as raw material, which is processed into shape through processes such as drawing and straightening. However, traditional production processes have many shortcomings: First, the control of raw material composition is rough, with high sulfur content and poor composition uniformity, resulting in insufficient steel purity and affecting subsequent processing performance. Second, the heating method lacks segmented control, resulting in uneven internal temperature of the billet, which easily leads to local overheating or incomplete burning, creating hidden dangers for subsequent rolling cracks. Third, the rolling parameters are not reasonably matched, and the temperature, reduction, and speed of the roughing, intermediate, and finishing stages are not well coordinated, resulting in excessive ellipticity of the rolled parts and difficulty in controlling the dimensional accuracy of commonly used specifications such as 10mm and 12mm. Fourth, the post-rolling cooling adopts a single air cooling mode, which is uneven and easily generates internal stress, causing excessive bending after drawing (straightness runout of 400mm exceeds the range of 0.08-0.10mm), and insufficient surface hardness (below 18HRC). Fifth, surface treatment relies only on simple grinding, which cannot effectively remove defects such as oxide scale and microcracks, affecting the final performance of the rods. These problems make it difficult for medium carbon steel products produced by traditional processes to meet the high precision and high performance requirements of precision bright rods, thus hindering the quality improvement of related mechanical products. Summary of the Invention
[0003] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a peeling and rolling process for S45C-HZ steel used in precision bright rods. This process offers advantages such as precise control of composition to improve the basic quality of the steel, and solves the problems of insufficient steel purity caused by crude control of raw material composition, high sulfur content, and poor compositional uniformity.
[0004] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the goal of precisely controlling the composition and improving the basic quality of steel, this invention provides the following technical solution: a peeling and rolling process for S45C-HZ steel used in precision bright rods, including S1 raw material preparation, S2 heat treatment, S3 rolling, S4 cooling, S5 peeling, and S6 finishing. The S1 raw material preparation selects high-quality medium carbon steel billets, whose chemical composition must meet the following requirements: carbon (C) content 0.40%-0.50%, silicon (Si) content 0.12%-0.38%, manganese (Mn) content 0.55%-0.95%, phosphorus (P) ≤0.035%, sulfur (S) controlled at 0.002%-0.007%, chromium (Cr) ≤0.25%, and nickel (Ni) ≤0.25%, ensuring that the raw material composition is uniform and stable, without obvious inclusion defects. Among them, the S2 heating treatment includes S201 segmented preheating and heat preservation, S202 high-temperature heating and heat preservation, and S203 heat homogenization and tempering after exiting the furnace. Among them, the S3 rolling process includes the S301 roughing stage, the S302 intermediate rolling stage, and the S303 finishing rolling stage; Among them, the S4 cooling process includes S401 segmented air cooling parameter adaptation and S402 roller conveyor speed and cooling control. Among them, the S5 peeling process includes S501 precise setting of peeling amount and S502 cutting parameter control and surface treatment; The S6 finishing process includes S601 straightening, S602 inspection, and S603 rust-proof packaging.
[0005] Preferably, the S201 segmented preheating and heat preservation involves feeding the steel billet into a heating furnace and using a segmented heating method. The temperature of the preheating section is controlled at 850-950℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-50 minutes. S202 High Temperature Heating and Insulation: The temperature of the heating section is raised to 1050-1120℃, and the insulation time is 120-150 minutes to ensure uniform internal temperature of the billet and avoid local overheating or under-heating. S203 is subjected to homogenization and tempering before exiting the furnace: the homogenization temperature is maintained at 1060-1110℃ and the homogenization time is 20-40 minutes to ensure that the plasticity of the billet meets the standard, laying the foundation for subsequent rolling.
[0006] Preferably, in the S301 roughing stage: multi-pass continuous rolling is adopted, the rolling temperature is controlled at 980-1080℃, the reduction per pass is gradually adjusted, and the reduction per pass is controlled at 8%-15% to ensure that the billet is gradually deformed and to avoid cracking.
[0007] Preferably, in the S302 rolling stage: the temperature is controlled at 900-980℃, the deformation amount of each pass is reasonably allocated, the reduction amount of each pass is 6%-12%, and the rolling speed is adjusted synchronously and kept at 0.6-1.0m / s to ensure the initial formation of the dimensional accuracy of the rolled piece.
[0008] Preferably, in the S303 finishing rolling stage: the sizing and reducing mill temperature is controlled at 850-930℃, the wire drawing temperature is controlled at 800-860℃, and the rolling parameters are adjusted according to the target specifications. The ellipticity of the 10mm specification is controlled at 0.05-0.40mm, and the ellipticity of the 12mm specification is controlled at 0.20-0.45mm to ensure that the dimensional accuracy of the rolled piece meets the requirements.
[0009] Preferably, the S401 segmented air cooling parameter adaptation is as follows: after rolling, a segmented air cooling process is adopted, and the fan parameters are adjusted according to the specifications: for 10mm specifications, 4-6 fans are turned on, and the air volume is controlled at 40%-80%; for 12mm specifications, 6 fans are turned on, and the air volume is controlled at 60%-100% to ensure uniform cooling.
[0010] Preferably, the S402 roller speed and cooling control: during the cooling process, the roller speed is controlled at 0.7-0.9 m / s to avoid the rolled piece cooling too quickly and generating internal stress. After cooling, the temperature of the rolled piece drops to below 300-400℃ before subsequent processing.
[0011] Preferably, the peeling amount in S501 is precisely set: the cooled rolled piece is peeled, and the peeling amount is determined according to the surface quality of the raw material and the target precision, and controlled within 0.3-1.0 mm to remove surface oxide scale and crack defects; S502 Cutting Parameter Control and Surface Treatment: During the peeling process, the cutting speed is controlled at 80-120m / min and the feed rate is 0.1-0.3mm / r to ensure that the surface roughness Ra of the rolled part after peeling is ≤1.6μm and there are no obvious scratches or burrs on the surface.
[0012] Preferably, the S601 straightening process employs a multi-roll straightener, with the straightening temperature controlled at room temperature. After straightening, the straightness runout of a 400mm long rolled piece is controlled within 0.05-0.12mm to ensure that the straightness meets the standard. S602 Inspection: Mechanical properties and hardness are tested on the rolled parts. Without heat treatment, the tensile strength is ≥680MPa, the yield strength is ≥400MPa, and the surface hardness is controlled between 19-23HRC. At the same time, dimensional accuracy and surface quality are tested, and unqualified products are rejected in time.
[0013] Preferably, the S603 rust-proof packaging is as follows: after passing inspection, rust prevention is carried out by spraying rust-proof oil or wrapping rust-proof paper, and then packaged according to specifications to avoid damage during transportation.
[0014] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a peeling and rolling process for S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This precision bright rod uses the peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel. This process achieves precise control of composition and improves the basic quality of the steel: by strictly controlling the content range of carbon, silicon and manganese elements in the raw materials, especially limiting the sulfur content to the low sulfur range of 0.002%-0.007%, the purity and composition uniformity of the steel are significantly improved, inclusion defects are reduced, and the foundation is laid for the improvement of subsequent processing performance and mechanical properties.
[0015] 2. This precision bright rod uses a peeling rolling process with S45C-HZ steel. This process achieves segmented heating and optimized dimensional accuracy during rolling: the segmented heating process ensures uniform plasticity of the billet, and with precise parameter control in the roughing, intermediate and finishing rolling stages (reasonable allocation of reduction amount, control of rolling temperature and speed), the ellipticity of the 10mm specification is effectively controlled within the range of 0.05-0.40mm and the ellipticity of the 12mm specification is controlled within the range of 0.20-0.45mm, which greatly improves the dimensional accuracy and microstructure uniformity of the rolled parts and reduces the risk of deformation in subsequent processing.
[0016] 3. This precision bright rod uses the peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel. This process achieves customized cooling to improve mechanical properties: a segmented air cooling scheme is designed for different specifications. By adjusting the number of fans and the air volume, uniform cooling of the rolled parts is achieved, avoiding the generation of internal stress. At the same time, the tensile strength (≥680MPa) and surface hardness (19-23HRC) of the rolled parts are improved. This completely solves the problems of insufficient hardness and excessive bending after drawing in traditional processes. The straightness runout of a 400mm long rolled part can be stably controlled within 0.05-0.12mm.
[0017] 4. This precision bright rod uses a peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel. This process achieves targeted peeling and finishing to improve surface quality: through precise peeling treatment of 0.3-1.0mm, oxide scale and micro-crack defects on the surface of the rolled part are effectively removed, and the surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm is controlled. Combined with room temperature multi-roll straightening and comprehensive performance inspection, it is ensured that the surface of the rod is free of scratches and burrs, and the straightness and performance indicators are stable and meet the standards, meeting the stringent requirements of the precision machinery field.
[0018] 5. The precision bright rod uses the peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel. This process achieves full-process process coordination to ensure production stability: standardized control of parameters throughout the entire process from raw material preparation to rust-proof packaging reduces production fluctuations and improves product qualification rate. At the same time, the optimized process is compatible with common specifications such as 10mm and 12mm, and can realize multi-specification production without major equipment adjustments, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing costs. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. This solution provides a technical approach, specifically a peeling and rolling process for S45C-HZ steel used in precision bright rods, comprising the following steps: S1 Raw material preparation: High-quality medium-carbon steel billets should be selected, and their chemical composition should meet the following requirements: carbon (C) content 0.40%-0.50%, silicon (Si) content 0.12%-0.38%, manganese (Mn) content 0.55%-0.95%, phosphorus (P) ≤0.035%, sulfur (S) controlled at 0.002%-0.007%, chromium (Cr) ≤0.25%, and nickel (Ni) ≤0.25%, to ensure that the raw material composition is uniform and stable, without obvious inclusion defects. S2 heat treatment: S201 Segmented Preheating and Insulation: The steel billet is sent into the heating furnace and heated in segments. The temperature of the preheating section is controlled at 850-950℃ and the insulation time is 30-50 minutes. S202 High Temperature Heating and Insulation: The temperature of the heating section is raised to 1050-1120℃, and the insulation time is 120-150 minutes to ensure uniform internal temperature of the billet and avoid local overheating or under-heating. S203 is heat-treated before being taken out of the furnace: the heat treatment is carried out, the heat treatment temperature is maintained at 1060-1110℃, and the heat treatment time is 20-40 minutes to ensure that the plasticity of the billet meets the standard and lays the foundation for subsequent rolling. S3 rolling process: S301 roughing stage: multi-pass continuous rolling is adopted, the rolling temperature is controlled at 980-1080℃, the reduction per pass is gradually adjusted, and the reduction per pass is controlled at 8%-15% to ensure that the billet is gradually deformed and to avoid cracking. In the S302 intermediate rolling stage: the temperature is controlled at 900-980℃, the deformation amount of each pass is reasonably allocated, the reduction of each pass is 6%-12%, and the rolling speed is adjusted synchronously and kept at 0.6-1.0m / s to ensure the initial formation of the dimensional accuracy of the rolled piece; S303 Finishing Rolling Stage: Entering the sizing and reducing mill, the temperature at the sizing and reducing mill is controlled at 850-930℃, and the wire exit temperature is controlled at 800-860℃. The rolling parameters are adjusted according to the target specifications. The ovality of the 10mm specification is controlled at 0.05-0.40mm, and the ovality of the 12mm specification is controlled at 0.20-0.45mm to ensure that the dimensional accuracy of the rolled piece meets the requirements. S4 cooling process: S401 Segmented Air Cooling Parameter Adaptation: Segmented air cooling process is adopted after rolling. The fan parameters are adjusted according to the specifications: 4-6 fans are turned on for 10mm specifications, and the air volume is controlled at 40%-80%; 6 fans are turned on for 12mm specifications, and the air volume is controlled at 60%-100% to ensure uniform cooling. S402 Roller Speed and Cooling Control: During the cooling process, the roller speed is controlled at 0.7-0.9 m / s to avoid excessive cooling of the rolled piece and the generation of internal stress. After cooling, the temperature of the rolled piece drops to below 300-400℃ before subsequent processing. S5 peeling process: S501 Precise Peeling Amount Setting: After cooling, the rolled piece undergoes peeling treatment. The peeling amount is determined based on the surface quality of the raw material and the target precision, and is controlled within 0.3-1.0 mm to remove surface oxide scale and crack defects. S502 Cutting Parameter Control and Surface Treatment: During the peeling process, the cutting speed is controlled at 80-120m / min and the feed rate is 0.1-0.3mm / r to ensure that the surface roughness Ra of the rolled part after peeling is ≤1.6μm and there are no obvious scratches or burrs on the surface; S6 finishing process; S601 Straightening: A multi-roll straightener is used, and the straightening temperature is controlled at room temperature. After straightening, the straightness runout of a 400mm long rolled piece is controlled within 0.05-0.12mm to ensure that the straightness meets the standard. S602 Inspection: Mechanical properties and hardness are tested on the rolled parts. In the untreated state, the tensile strength is ≥680MPa, the yield strength is ≥400MPa, and the surface hardness is controlled between 19-23HRC. At the same time, dimensional accuracy and surface quality are tested, and unqualified products are rejected in time. S603 Rust-proof Packaging: After passing inspection, rust prevention is carried out by spraying rust-proof oil or wrapping rust-proof paper, and then packaged according to specifications to avoid damage during transportation; Furthermore, this process achieves precise control of composition to improve the basic quality of steel: by strictly controlling the content range of carbon, silicon and manganese elements in raw materials, especially limiting the sulfur content to the low sulfur range of 0.002%-0.007%, the purity and composition uniformity of steel are significantly improved, inclusion defects are reduced, and the foundation is laid for the improvement of subsequent processing performance and mechanical properties. Furthermore, this process achieves segmented heating and optimized dimensional accuracy during rolling: the segmented heating process ensures uniform plasticity of the billet, and the precise parameter control of the roughing, intermediate and finishing rolling stages (reasonable allocation of reduction amount, control of rolling temperature and speed) effectively controls the ellipticity of 10mm specification within the range of 0.05-0.40mm and 12mm specification within the range of 0.20-0.45mm, significantly improving the dimensional accuracy and microstructure uniformity of the rolled parts and reducing the risk of deformation in subsequent processing; Furthermore, this process achieves customized cooling to improve mechanical properties: segmented air-cooling schemes are designed for different specifications, and the uniform cooling of the rolled parts is achieved by adjusting the number of fans and the air volume, avoiding the generation of internal stress, while improving the tensile strength (≥680MPa) and surface hardness (19-23HRC) of the rolled parts. This completely solves the problems of insufficient hardness and excessive bending after drawing in traditional processes. The straightness runout of a 400mm long rolled part can be stably controlled within 0.05-0.12mm. Furthermore, this process achieves targeted peeling and finishing to improve surface quality: through precise peeling of 0.3-1.0mm, oxide scale and microcrack defects on the surface of rolled parts are effectively removed, and the surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm is controlled. Combined with room temperature multi-roll straightening and comprehensive performance inspection, it ensures that the surface of the rod is free of scratches and burrs, and that the straightness and performance indicators are stable and meet the standards, thus satisfying the stringent requirements of the precision machinery field. Furthermore, this process achieves full-process process synergy to ensure production stability: standardized control of parameters throughout the entire process, from raw material preparation to rust-proof packaging, reduces production fluctuations and improves product qualification rate. At the same time, the optimized process is compatible with common specifications such as 10mm and 12mm, enabling multi-specification production without significant equipment adjustments, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing costs.
[0020] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A peeling and rolling process for S45C-HZ steel used in precision bright rods, comprising S1 raw material preparation, S2 heat treatment, S3 rolling, S4 cooling, S5 peeling, and S6 finishing, characterized in that: The raw material for S1 is selected from high-quality medium-carbon steel billets, whose chemical composition must meet the following requirements: carbon (C) content 0.40%-0.50%, silicon (Si) content 0.12%-0.38%, manganese (Mn) content 0.55%-0.95%, phosphorus (P) ≤0.035%, sulfur (S) controlled at 0.002%-0.007%, chromium (Cr) ≤0.25%, and nickel (Ni) ≤0.25%, to ensure that the raw material composition is uniform and stable, without obvious inclusion defects; Among them, the S2 heating treatment includes S201 segmented preheating and heat preservation, S202 high-temperature heating and heat preservation, and S203 heat homogenization and tempering after exiting the furnace. Among them, the S3 rolling process includes the S301 roughing stage, the S302 intermediate rolling stage, and the S303 finishing rolling stage; Among them, the S4 cooling process includes S401 segmented air cooling parameter adaptation and S402 roller conveyor speed and cooling control. Among them, the S5 peeling process includes S501 precise setting of peeling amount and S502 cutting parameter control and surface treatment; The S6 finishing process includes S601 straightening, S602 inspection, and S603 rust-proof packaging.
2. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S201 segmented preheating and heat preservation method involves sending the steel billet into the heating furnace and using a segmented heating method. The temperature of the preheating section is controlled at 850-950℃ and the heat preservation time is 30-50 minutes. S202 High Temperature Heating and Insulation: The temperature of the heating section is raised to 1050-1120℃, and the insulation time is 120-150 minutes to ensure uniform internal temperature of the billet and avoid local overheating or under-heating. S203 is subjected to homogenization and tempering before exiting the furnace: the homogenization temperature is maintained at 1060-1110℃ and the homogenization time is 20-40 minutes to ensure that the plasticity of the billet meets the standard, laying the foundation for subsequent rolling.
3. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S301 roughing stage employs multi-pass continuous rolling with the rolling temperature controlled at 980-1080℃. The reduction per pass is gradually adjusted, with each pass's reduction controlled at 8%-15%, ensuring the billet deforms gradually and preventing cracks.
4. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S302 intermediate rolling stage: the temperature is controlled at 900-980℃, the deformation amount of each pass is reasonably allocated, the reduction of each pass is 6%-12%, and the rolling speed is adjusted synchronously and kept at 0.6-1.0m / s to ensure the initial formation of the dimensional accuracy of the rolled piece.
5. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S303 finishing rolling stage involves entering the reducing and sizing mill. The temperature at the entry point for reducing and sizing is controlled at 850-930℃, and the wire exit temperature is controlled at 800-860℃. The rolling parameters are adjusted according to the target specifications. The ellipticity of the 10mm specification is controlled at 0.05-0.40mm, and the ellipticity of the 12mm specification is controlled at 0.20-0.45mm to ensure that the dimensional accuracy of the rolled piece meets the requirements.
6. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S401 segmented air-cooling parameter adaptation: after rolling, a segmented air-cooling process is adopted, and the fan parameters are adjusted according to the specifications: for 10mm specifications, 4-6 fans are turned on, and the air volume is controlled at 40%-80%; for 12mm specifications, 6 fans are turned on, and the air volume is controlled at 60%-100% to ensure uniform cooling.
7. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S402 roller speed and cooling control: During the cooling process, the roller speed is controlled at 0.7-0.9 m / s to avoid the rolled piece cooling too quickly and generating internal stress. After cooling, the temperature of the rolled piece drops to below 300-400℃ before subsequent processing.
8. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S501 peeling amount is precisely set: the cooled rolled piece is peeled, and the peeling amount is determined according to the surface quality of the raw material and the target precision, and controlled within 0.3-1.0 mm to remove surface oxide scale and crack defects. S502 Cutting Parameter Control and Surface Treatment: During the peeling process, the cutting speed is controlled at 80-120m / min and the feed rate is 0.1-0.3mm / r to ensure that the surface roughness Ra of the rolled part after peeling is ≤1.6μm and there are no obvious scratches or burrs on the surface.
9. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S601 straightening process employs a multi-roll straightener, with the straightening temperature controlled at room temperature. After straightening, the straightness runout of a 400mm long rolled piece is controlled within 0.05-0.12mm to ensure that the straightness meets the standard. S602 Inspection: Mechanical properties and hardness are tested on the rolled parts. Without heat treatment, the tensile strength is ≥680MPa, the yield strength is ≥400MPa, and the surface hardness is controlled between 19-23HRC. At the same time, dimensional accuracy and surface quality are tested, and unqualified products are rejected in time.
10. The peeling and rolling process of S45C-HZ steel for precision bright rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S603 rust-proof packaging: After passing inspection, rust prevention is carried out by spraying rust-proof oil or wrapping rust-proof paper, and then packaged according to specifications to avoid damage during transportation.