A power supply system

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply system, relates to the field of magnetic levitation transportation, and comprises a current collector module, a third rail power supply module and an insulation protection module. The third rail power supply module comprises a power rail and a protection grounding rail, the power rail is used for transmitting high-voltage electric energy, and the protection grounding rail is used for grounding return flow. The current collector module comprises a current collector shoe and a return flow shoe, the current collector shoe is used for contacting the power rail to obtain high-voltage electric energy from the power rail, and the return flow shoe is used for contacting the protection grounding rail to form a return flow path via the protection grounding rail. The insulation protection module is used for electrically insulating at least between the current collector shoe and the return flow shoe to block a direct conduction path between the current collector shoe and the return flow shoe. The application solves the problems that in the high-voltage third rail current collection scene of a limited space, a power taking circuit and a protection grounding return flow circuit are difficult to reliably separate, and insulation between the two is difficult to guarantee, and improves power supply safety while guaranteeing normal power taking and return flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of magnetic levitation transportation, and in particular to a power supply system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of low-capacity maglev transportation, its traction power supply mostly adopts the third-rail current collection method, which involves high supply voltage and large current, while the available space between the vehicle and the track is very limited. Existing third-rail current collection schemes typically use a simple structure with a single power rail and a return rail. On the one hand, there is a lack of a dedicated rail for protective grounding return, making it difficult to separate the power supply circuit from the protective grounding return circuit, resulting in insufficient power supply safety. On the other hand, there is a lack of effective insulation between the current collection shoe used for power collection and the return shoe used for return. Under high voltage and high current conditions in a confined space, the insulation between the two shoes and between the power collection circuit and the return circuit is difficult to guarantee, which can easily lead to breakdown, leakage, and other problems, posing safety hazards.

[0003] Therefore, how to reliably separate the power extraction circuit and the protective grounding return circuit and ensure the insulation between them in a high-voltage third rail current collection scenario in a confined space is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a power supply system that solves the problem that it is difficult to reliably separate the power extraction circuit and the protective grounding return circuit in a confined space high-voltage third rail current collection scenario, and that the insulation between the two is difficult to guarantee. This system improves power supply safety while ensuring normal power extraction and return.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a power supply system, including a current collector module, a third rail power supply module, and an insulation protection module; The third rail power supply module includes a power rail and a protective grounding rail. The power rail is used to transmit high-voltage electrical energy, and the protective grounding rail is used for grounding return. The current collector module includes a current collection shoe and a return shoe. The current collection shoe is used to contact the power rail to obtain high-voltage electrical energy from the power rail, and the return shoe is used to contact the protective grounding rail to form a return path via the protective grounding rail. The insulation protection module is used to at least electrically insulate the current receiving shoe from the return shoe, thereby blocking the direct conductive path between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe.

[0006] Optionally, it also includes a control module, which is connected to the current collector module, the third rail power supply module and the insulation protection module respectively; The control module is used to collect system status data and control the current collector module, the third rail power supply module and the insulation protection module based on the system status data.

[0007] Optionally, the control module is specifically used for: When an insulation anomaly is determined based on the system state parameters, the power supply voltage of the power rail is reduced, and the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail is increased. When the current collection loss exceeds the preset loss based on the system state parameters, the contact pressure between the current collection shoe and the power rail and / or the power distribution of the current collector module are adjusted.

[0008] Optionally, the control module is also used to monitor the insulation resistance between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe, and when the insulation resistance is lower than a preset resistance, reduce the power supply voltage of the power rail and issue an insulation fault alarm.

[0009] Optionally, the control module is specifically used to input the system state variables into a machine learning model to obtain the fault probability, and when the fault probability is greater than a preset probability, to perform protection control corresponding to the fault probability on at least one of the current collector module, the third rail power supply module, and the insulation protection module.

[0010] Optionally, the control module is further configured to update the parameters of the machine learning model based on the error between the actual fault result corresponding to the system state quantity and the fault probability output by the machine learning model for the system state quantity; the actual fault result is the fault result that actually occurred in the power supply system at the time of collecting the system state quantity, including whether a fault occurred and / or the type of fault that occurred.

[0011] Optionally, the control module is further configured to: The fault level is determined based on the fault probability; When the fault level is the first fault level, the power supply to the power rail is cut off, emergency braking is triggered, and the system shutdown operation is performed. When the fault level is the second fault level, reduce the system operating power and trigger an alarm; When the fault level is the third fault level, at least one of the current collector module and the insulation protection module shall be adjusted and an early warning shall be issued.

[0012] Optionally, the power supply system further includes: An electromagnetic compatibility suppression module is used to suppress electromagnetic interference generated during the transmission of high-voltage electrical energy through the power rail.

[0013] Optionally, the control module is further configured to adjust the filtering branch and / or shielding strategy of the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module when it is determined from the system state variables that the electromagnetic emission exceeds a preset emission level.

[0014] Optionally, the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module includes a multi-stage LC filter circuit and an EMI filter connected in sequence, as well as a shielding cover covering the third rail power supply module and / or the current collector module, the surface of which is provided with a conductive coating.

[0015] Optionally, the insulation protection module is also used to electrically insulate the current collector module from the vehicle body and the third rail power supply module from the track bed.

[0016] Optionally, the power rail is configured to transmit electrical energy bidirectionally; The current-collecting shoe is also used to feed back the electrical energy generated by braking to the power supply that powers the power rail when the vehicle is braking.

[0017] Optionally, the current collector module further includes a contact pressure adjustable mechanism for adjusting the contact pressure between the current collecting shoe and the power rail, and / or the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail.

[0018] In the power supply system of this application, the third rail power supply module is divided into a power rail for transmitting high-voltage electrical energy and a protective grounding rail for grounding return. The current collector module is correspondingly equipped with current-collecting shoes and return shoes that contact the power rail and protective grounding rail respectively. This ensures that power intake and grounding return each have their own dedicated rails and current-collecting shoes, making them independent and avoiding loop coupling caused by a single rail serving as both power supply and return. This provides independent paths for reliable power intake and safe grounding return under high-voltage and high-current conditions. Furthermore, the insulation protection module ensures electrical insulation between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe, blocking the direct conductive path between them. This ensures that the current-collecting shoe at high voltage and the return shoe at grounding potential form a normal operating circuit only through the vehicle load, preventing direct breakdown, leakage, or short circuits between them in scenarios where space between the vehicle and the rail is very limited. Therefore, this application solves the problem that it is difficult to reliably separate the power supply circuit and the protective grounding return circuit in a confined space high-voltage third rail current collection scenario, and that the insulation between the two is difficult to guarantee, by separating the power supply rail and the protective grounding return circuit, separating the current collection shoe and the return shoe, and the insulation isolation between the two shoes. This improves the power supply safety while ensuring normal power supply and return. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the contact and insulation structure between a current collector and a third rail, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electromagnetic compatibility suppression module provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The core of this application is to provide a power supply system that solves the problem that it is difficult to reliably separate the power extraction circuit and the protective grounding return circuit in confined space high-voltage third rail current collection scenarios, and that the insulation between the two is difficult to guarantee. It improves power supply safety while ensuring normal power extraction and return.

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 This application provides a power supply system, including a current collector module, a third rail power supply module, and an insulation protection module; The third rail power supply module includes a power rail and a protective grounding rail. The power rail is used to transmit high-voltage power, and the protective grounding rail is used for grounding return current. The current collector module includes a current collection shoe and a return shoe. The current collection shoe is used to contact the power rail to obtain high-voltage electrical energy from the power rail, and the return shoe is used to contact the protective grounding rail to form a return path through the protective grounding rail. The insulation protection module is used to at least electrically insulate the current receiving shoe and the return shoe, thereby blocking the direct conductive path between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the power supply system in this embodiment consists of a current collector module, a third rail power supply module, and an insulation protection module. The current collector module slides along the third rail power supply module to draw power as the vehicle moves. The insulation protection module is located at relevant parts of the current collector module and the third rail power supply module to achieve electrical isolation. In this embodiment, the power flow is as follows: the high-voltage power output from the power rail is introduced into the vehicle load through the current collector shoe, then led out through the return shoe and sent to the protective grounding rail, thus returning to the power supply side via the protective grounding rail, forming a complete working circuit.

[0025] Specifically, the third-rail power supply module includes a power rail and a protective grounding rail. The power rail is used to transmit high-voltage electrical energy, and the protective grounding rail is used for grounding return current. Optionally, the power rail and the protective grounding rail adopt a composite structure of copper, aluminum, or steel, for example, using steel as the load-bearing base and copper or aluminum as the conductive layer, balancing mechanical strength and conductivity. Furthermore, the surfaces of the power rail and the protective grounding rail undergo anti-corrosion treatment, such as plating, hot-dip immersion, or oxidation, to inhibit surface oxidation and corrosion in humid, salt spray, and other operating environments, maintaining the conductivity stability of the contact surface. In this embodiment, the high-voltage electrical energy transmitted by the power rail is DC 1500V or higher, with a current reaching hundreds of amperes. One end of the protective grounding rail is connected to the system's grounding terminal, thereby providing a defined return path dedicated to grounding return current. Since the power rail is dedicated to the transmission of high-voltage electrical energy and the protective grounding rail is dedicated to the grounding return current, the power supply path and the grounding return current path are independent of each other in hardware. This avoids the coupling between the power supply circuit and the return current circuit caused by using a single rail for both power supply and return current. Thus, it provides independent paths for reliable power supply and safe grounding return current under high voltage and high current conditions.

[0026] The current collector module includes a current-collecting shoe and a return shoe. The current-collecting shoe contacts the power rail to collect high-voltage electrical energy from it, and the return shoe contacts the protective grounding rail to form a return path via the protective grounding rail. In some embodiments, both the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe are sliding-contact current-collecting shoes, pressing against the working surfaces of the power rail and the protective grounding rail respectively in a sliding contact manner, continuously sliding to collect and return power as the vehicle moves. In other embodiments, the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe may also adopt a rolling contact structure. Optionally, the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe are made of copper alloy or aluminum alloy, and their contact surfaces are treated with anti-corrosion measures, such as tin plating, silver plating, or anodizing, to reduce contact resistance and suppress electrolytic corrosion and wear. Further, the contact pressure between the current-collecting shoe and the power rail, and between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail, is set at... to Within a certain range, the current-collecting shoe and return shoe are designed to ensure reliable electrical contact without excessive pressure causing accelerated wear. In this embodiment, the current-collecting shoe and return shoe are arranged alternately on the current collector module. The current-collecting shoe is at the high-voltage potential of the power rail, and the return shoe is at the grounding potential of the protective grounding rail, with a potential difference between them.

[0027] Optionally, the working surface of the power rail faces the current-collecting shoe, and the working surface of the protective grounding rail faces the return shoe, so that the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe always maintain contact with the corresponding working surfaces during vehicle operation. Figure 2As shown, regarding the cooperation between the current collector module and the third rail power supply module, the current collector shoe can press against the working surface of the power rail from top to bottom or from the side, and the return shoe presses against the working surface of the protective grounding rail in the same or similar manner. The current collector shoe and the return shoe are installed on the vehicle via the common bracket of the current collector module and move with the vehicle. The relative positions of the two with respect to the third rail power supply module remain basically unchanged during operation, thereby ensuring the continuity of power intake and return.

[0028] The insulation protection module is used to at least electrically insulate the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe, thereby blocking a direct conductive path between them. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the insulation protection module has a composite insulation layer between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe. This composite insulation layer fills or covers the adjacent portions of the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe, as well as their common mounting base, structurally separating the current-collecting shoe, which is at a high voltage potential, from the return shoe, which is at a ground potential. In some embodiments, the composite insulation layer is made of ceramic material. In other embodiments, the composite insulation layer is made of glass fiber or epoxy resin, or a composite of the above materials, to balance insulation strength, mechanical strength, and weather resistance. Optionally, the thickness d of the composite insulation layer satisfies... Where U is the operating voltage, E b Let k be the breakdown field strength of the insulating material, and k be the safety factor. When the composite insulating layer uses ceramic materials, its breakdown field strength E b Using a thickness of 20kV / mm to 30kV / mm, the insulation layer thickness determined accordingly can withstand the operating voltage of the power rail without breakdown within a predetermined safety margin. Because the current-collecting shoe and return shoe are electrically insulated by a composite insulation layer, the direct conductive path between the current-collecting shoe at high voltage and the return shoe at ground potential is blocked. The two can only form a normal working circuit through the vehicle load. Therefore, in scenarios where the available space between the vehicle and the track is very limited, direct breakdown, leakage, or short circuit between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe is avoided. This ensures that the system maintains reliable electrical isolation under high voltage and high current conditions, improving power supply safety.

[0029] In one exemplary embodiment, the system further includes a control module, which is connected to the current collector module, the third rail power supply module, and the insulation protection module, respectively. The control module is used to collect system status data and control the current collector module, the third rail power supply module, and the insulation protection module based on the system status data.

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, the control module is connected to the current collector module, the third rail power supply module, and the insulation protection module, respectively, thus forming a structure within the system centered on the control module, which interacts with and coordinates with each module for data exchange and control. In some embodiments, the control module is implemented based on a digital signal processor (DSP). In other embodiments, the control module is implemented based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA); optionally, the control module is composed of both a DSP and an FPGA, wherein the FPGA handles high-speed sampling and real-time logic processing, while the DSP handles computation and decision-making, with both working together to balance real-time performance and computational power.

[0031] The control module is used to acquire system state variables. In some embodiments, the control module acquires system state variables via multiple sensors arranged at various parts of the system. These system state variables include one or more of the following: voltage of the power rail, current of the current collector, temperature of the insulation protection module, electromagnetic noise, gap between the current collector and the power rail, vehicle acceleration, and vehicle speed. Optionally, the control module synchronously acquires the aforementioned system state variables at a fixed sampling period, for example, a sampling period of 10 ms, meaning that a set of system state variables is synchronously acquired every 10 ms and organized into a state vector. In other embodiments, the sampling period can be adaptively adjusted within a predetermined range according to the operating conditions. Further, after acquiring the system state variables, the control module performs standardization processing, normalizing the various state variables with different dimensions and amplitudes into values ​​that are convenient for subsequent calculations, thereby forming a standardized state vector.

[0032] Furthermore, regarding the acquisition of system state variables, in some embodiments, the voltage of the power rail is acquired via a voltage detection component located in the power supply circuit; the current of the current collector shoe is acquired via a current detection component located in the power take-off circuit; the temperature of the insulation protection module is acquired via a temperature detection component located in the insulation area; electromagnetic noise is acquired via an electromagnetic detection component located in the relevant area; the gap between the current collector shoe and the power rail is acquired via a displacement or gap detection component located in the current collector module; and the vehicle's acceleration and velocity are acquired via acceleration detection components and velocity detection components located in the vehicle. In other embodiments, some of the above-mentioned system state variables can also be provided by existing detection components of the vehicle and sent to the control module via a communication interface. The control module organizes the acquired system state variables into state vectors according to their types and standardizes each component in the state vectors to make them fall into a numerical range that is easy to calculate.

[0033] In this embodiment, the control module operates as follows: After the system is powered on, it initializes and loads initial model parameters. Subsequently, multiple sensors synchronously collect system state variables and perform standardization processing to obtain state vectors. The control module performs state evaluation and decision-making based on these state vectors, and then outputs control commands to relevant modules in the current collector module, third rail power supply module, and insulation protection module. After the control commands are executed by the actuators, the control module records the corresponding data and logs and returns to continue collecting data, repeating this cycle. In some embodiments, the control module's control over each module includes controlling the power supply voltage or power on / off of the third rail power supply module, controlling the contact pressure or power distribution of the current collector module, and controlling the relevant parameters of the circuit where the insulation protection module is located. Since the control module is connected to the current collector module, third rail power supply module, and insulation protection module respectively and applies control to each module based on the uniformly collected system state variables, the system can uniformly schedule and coordinate power supply, return current, and insulation processes according to its own operating status, thereby improving the automation and adaptability of its operation.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module is specifically used for: When an insulation anomaly is determined based on system status parameters, reduce the power supply voltage to the power rail and increase the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail. When the current collection loss exceeds a preset loss based on system state variables, the contact pressure between the current collection shoe and the power rail and / or the power distribution of the current collector module are adjusted. After obtaining the system state variables, the control module evaluates the insulation status and current collection quality respectively, and performs corresponding control on the relevant modules based on the evaluation results. Regarding insulation status evaluation, in some embodiments, the control module determines whether an insulation abnormality has occurred based on system state variables such as the temperature of the insulation protection module, the potential between the current collection shoe and the return shoe, or the leakage current. In other embodiments, the control module determines whether an insulation abnormality has occurred based on whether the insulation resistance between the current collection shoe and the return shoe is lower than a threshold. When an insulation abnormality is determined, the control module, on the one hand, reduces the power supply voltage of the power rail through the third rail power supply module to reduce the voltage stress applied to the insulation parts; on the other hand, it increases the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail to reduce the contact resistance of the return circuit, thereby reducing the impedance of the return circuit and allowing the fault current or leakage current to be more reliably conducted to ground via the protective grounding rail. Optionally, the control module adjusts the reduction in supply voltage and the increase in contact pressure according to the severity of the insulation abnormality; the more severe the insulation abnormality, the greater the reduction in supply voltage and the increase in contact pressure. Therefore, when an insulation abnormality occurs, the voltage stress applied to the insulation components is reduced in a timely manner, and the grounding return path via the protective grounding rail is strengthened, thereby reducing the risk to the insulation components and maintaining the operational safety of the system.

[0035] Regarding current collection quality assessment, in some embodiments, the control module determines the current collection loss based on system state variables such as the current of the current collection shoe and the gap between the current collection shoe and the power rail, and compares the current collection loss with a preset loss. In other embodiments, the control module adjusts the current collection loss based on the vehicle's speed and acceleration to adapt to the current collection characteristics at different operating speeds. When the current collection loss is determined to exceed the preset loss, the control module adjusts the contact pressure between the current collection shoe and the power rail and / or the power distribution of the current collector module: in some embodiments, the control module increases the contact pressure between the current collection shoe and the power rail to improve the contact state and reduce the contact resistance. In other embodiments, the control module adjusts the power distribution of the current collector module, for example, adjusting the current collection ratio among multiple current collection shoes when multiple current collection shoes are provided. Thus, the current collection loss is suppressed within a preset range, the current collection quality is improved, and the power collection stability of the system is maintained during high-speed operation.

[0036] In one exemplary embodiment, the control module is further configured to monitor the insulation resistance between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe, and when the insulation resistance is lower than a preset resistance, reduce the power supply voltage of the power rail and issue an insulation fault alarm.

[0037] During operation, the control module monitors the insulation resistance between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe to assess their insulation condition. In some embodiments, the control module calculates the insulation resistance by detecting the leakage current between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe and combining it with the potential difference between them. In other embodiments, the control module directly measures the insulation resistance via a dedicated insulation detection circuit. The control module compares the monitored insulation resistance with a preset resistance. When the insulation resistance is not lower than the preset resistance, the insulation condition is considered normal; when the insulation resistance is lower than the preset resistance, the insulation between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe is considered to have deteriorated. Optionally, the preset resistance is 500MΩ. When the insulation resistance is lower than the preset resistance, the control module reduces the power supply voltage to the power rail to reduce the voltage stress applied to the insulation between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe; simultaneously, it issues an insulation fault alarm to prompt action on the insulation deterioration. Because the control module uses the insulation resistance between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe as the basis for judging the insulation status, and promptly reduces the supply voltage and alarms when the insulation resistance is lower than the preset resistance, the situation of insulation degradation between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe can be detected and dealt with in a timely manner, and the risk of insulation degradation developing into breakdown or short circuit can be reduced.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module is specifically configured to input system state variables into a machine learning model to obtain a fault probability, and when the fault probability is greater than a preset probability, to perform protection control corresponding to the fault probability on at least one of the current collector module, the third rail power supply module, and the insulation protection module.

[0039] After obtaining the standardized state vector, the control module inputs the system state variables into a machine learning model, which then outputs the fault probability corresponding to the current operating state. In some embodiments, the machine learning model is a multilayer perceptron model, which takes the state vector as input and the fault probability as output; the model output can be represented as a nonlinear mapping of the state vector. In other embodiments, the machine learning model is a model with a recursive structure to predict faults using the temporal correlation of the system state variables. Optionally, after obtaining the fault probability, the control module compares the fault probability with a preset probability: when the fault probability is not greater than the preset probability, the current operating state is determined to be normal, and the control module maintains the current control strategy; when the fault probability is greater than the preset probability, the control module performs protection control corresponding to the fault probability on at least one of the current collector module, the third rail power supply module, and the insulation protection module.

[0040] Specifically, the modules and actions of the protection control correspond to the fault locations indicated by the fault probability. In some embodiments, the output of the machine learning model is a single fault probability, and the control module uses whether this fault probability is greater than a preset probability as the basis for whether to execute protection control. In other embodiments, the output of the machine learning model includes multiple fault probabilities corresponding to different fault locations, and the control module determines which module to execute protection control based on these probabilities. Optionally, the preset probability used by the control module can be set according to the operating conditions; a smaller preset probability is used under operating conditions with higher safety requirements to trigger protection control earlier. In some embodiments, when the fault location indicated by the fault probability is an insulation link, the control module executes protection control on at least one of the third rail power supply module and the insulation protection module, such as reducing the power supply voltage of the power rail. In other embodiments, when the fault location indicated by the fault probability is a current collection link, the control module executes protection control on the current collector module, such as adjusting the contact pressure or power distribution of the current collector shoe. Furthermore, the strength of the protection control executed by the control module can correspond to the magnitude of the fault probability; the higher the fault probability, the stronger the applied protection control. Since the control module processes system state variables based on machine learning models to predict the probability of failure, and only performs targeted protection control on relevant modules when the probability of failure is greater than the preset probability, this embodiment can respond to potential risks before the failure actually occurs, and avoids unnecessary intervention when the operating state is normal, thus improving the timeliness and accuracy of the fault response.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module is further configured to update the parameters of the machine learning model based on the error between the actual fault result corresponding to the system state quantity and the fault probability output by the machine learning model for the system state quantity; the actual fault result is the fault result that actually occurs in the power supply system at the time of collecting the system state quantity, including whether a fault has occurred and / or the type of fault that has occurred.

[0042] During operation, the control module collects system state variables and corresponding actual fault results online, using these results as supervisory information for the machine learning model. In some embodiments, the actual fault result is whether a fault occurred at that moment, i.e., whether a fault occurred is used as the binarized supervisory information. In other embodiments, the actual fault result further includes the type of fault, such as insulation fault, current collection abnormality, or excessive electromagnetic emission, so that the machine learning model can not only predict whether a fault occurs but also distinguish the type of fault. The control module compares the fault probability output by the machine learning model for the system state variables with the actual fault result corresponding to the system state variables to obtain the error between the two.

[0043] Furthermore, the control module updates the parameters of the machine learning model based on the error. In some embodiments, the machine learning model is a multilayer perceptron, whose parameters include the weights and biases of each layer. The control module adjusts the weights and biases of each layer in the direction that reduces the error. In other embodiments, the machine learning model is a model with a recursive structure, and the control module considers the temporal correlation of the system state variables when updating the parameters. The update process can be represented as follows: the control module adjusts the model parameters in the direction that reduces the error, that is, it corrects the parameters based on the gradient of the error and the model output according to a predetermined learning rate; optionally, the learning rate changes adaptively with the update process, taking a larger value in the early stage of the update to accelerate convergence and a smaller value in the later stage of the update to maintain stability. In other embodiments, the control module updates the model parameters uniformly after the online collected data has accumulated to a predetermined number, so as to reduce the impact of a single abnormal data on the model. Because the control module uses the actual fault results of the system as supervisory information and continuously updates the parameters of the machine learning model online based on the error between the fault results and the predicted fault probability, the machine learning model can continuously correct itself as the system runs. The accuracy of fault prediction can gradually improve with the increase of running time, thereby making the system more adaptable to different operating environments and working conditions.

[0044] In one exemplary embodiment, the control module is further configured to: Determine the fault level based on the fault probability; When the fault level is the first fault level, the power supply to the power rail is cut off, the emergency brake is triggered, and the system shutdown operation is performed. When the fault level is the second fault level, reduce the system operating power and trigger an alarm; When the fault level is the third fault level, at least one of the current collector module and the insulation protection module shall be adjusted and an early warning shall be issued.

[0045] After obtaining the fault probability, the control module further determines the fault level based on the fault probability. In some embodiments, the control module determines the fault level by comparing the fault probability with multiple probability thresholds set from high to low; the higher the fault probability, the higher the fault level and the more severe the indicated fault. In other embodiments, the control module combines the fault probability with the predicted fault type to jointly determine the fault level; for example, a high-probability fault involving insulation breakdown is classified as a high-level fault.

[0046] For different fault levels, the control module performs corresponding control. In some embodiments, the control module sets a first probability threshold, a second probability threshold, and a third probability threshold from high to low. A fault is classified as first fault level when the fault probability is not lower than the first probability threshold; a fault is classified as second fault level when the fault probability is between the second and first probability thresholds; and a fault is classified as third fault level when the fault probability is between the third and second probability thresholds. In other embodiments, the control module modifies the above determination by combining the fault probability and the predicted fault type. When the fault level is first fault level, the control module cuts off the power supply to the power rail, triggers emergency braking, and performs a system shutdown operation to quickly eliminate the input of high-voltage electrical energy and safely stop the vehicle in the most severe fault situation, thereby preventing the accident from escalating. When the fault level is second fault level, the control module reduces the system operating power and issues an alarm, allowing the system to continue operating in a derated state while responding to the alarm, thereby maintaining operational continuity as much as possible while ensuring safety. When the fault level is level three, the control module adjusts and issues a warning for at least one of the current collector module and the insulation protection module. This could involve adjusting the contact pressure of the current collector shoe or making corresponding adjustments to the insulation circuit, while simultaneously issuing a warning message. This allows the fault to be suppressed through online adjustments and prompts attention before it becomes severe. Therefore, the control module can take appropriate measures based on the severity of the fault, ensuring both safety and operational continuity, resulting in a more rational system handling of faults of varying severity.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the power supply system further includes: Electromagnetic compatibility suppression module is used to suppress electromagnetic interference generated during the transmission of high-voltage electrical energy through the power rail.

[0048] like Figure 3As shown, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) suppression module is positioned along the propagation path of electromagnetic interference generated by the transmission of high-voltage electrical energy through the power rail, and is used to suppress this EMC. The power rail generates strong EMC during the transmission of high-voltage, high-current electrical energy, including conducted interference propagating through conductors and radiated interference radiated into space. In some embodiments, the EMC suppression module suppresses conducted interference, for example, by connecting a filter in series in the power supply circuit to attenuate interference propagating along the conductors. In other embodiments, the EMC suppression module suppresses radiated interference, for example, by providing a shielding structure at relevant locations to block interference radiated into space; optionally, the EMC suppression module suppresses both conducted and radiated interference. Further, the EMC suppression module may employ absorbing materials, such as ferrite absorbing materials, to absorb some of the electromagnetic energy. Because the EMC suppression module suppresses the electromagnetic interference generated during the transmission of high-voltage electrical energy through the power rail, the system's outward electromagnetic emissions can be reduced, its EMC performance can be improved, and interference to nearby electronic equipment and signal systems can be reduced.

[0049] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module is further configured to adjust the filtering branch and / or shielding strategy of the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module when it is determined from the system state variables that the electromagnetic emission exceeds a preset emission level.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the control module works in conjunction with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) suppression module to dynamically adjust the EMC suppression module based on the electromagnetic noise in the system state variables. The control module determines the current electromagnetic emission based on the collected electromagnetic noise and compares it with a preset emission level. When the electromagnetic emission exceeds the preset level, the control module adjusts the EMC suppression module. In some embodiments, the control module adjusts the filtering branches of the EMC suppression module; for example, when the EMC suppression module has multiple filtering branches, it switches or activates the corresponding filtering branch to match the filtering characteristics with the frequency components of the current interference. In other embodiments, the control module adjusts the shielding strategy of the EMC suppression module, such as changing the operating state of the shielding structure or enhancing shielding measures; optionally, the control module adjusts both the filtering branches and the shielding strategy simultaneously. Because the control module can dynamically adjust the filtering branches and / or shielding strategy of the EMC suppression module based on the real-time collected electromagnetic noise when the electromagnetic emission exceeds the limit, the suppression characteristics of the EMC suppression module can adapt to the actual interference situation, enabling the system to maintain stable EMC performance under different operating conditions.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module includes a multi-stage LC filter circuit and an EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) filter connected in sequence, as well as a shield covering the third rail power supply module and / or the current collector module, the surface of which is provided with a conductive coating.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module includes a multi-stage LC filter circuit and an EMI filter connected in sequence in the circuit topology. The multi-stage LC filter circuit consists of multiple filter units composed of inductors and capacitors connected in series, used to attenuate conducted interference in different frequency bands step by step. In some embodiments, the cutoff frequencies of each stage of the LC filter circuit are set to be different to cover a wider interference frequency band, wherein the cutoff frequency of each stage of the LC filter circuit is related to the inductance and capacitance of that stage. In other embodiments, the multi-stage LC filter circuit is followed by an EMI filter to further suppress residual electromagnetic interference. A shielding cover is provided on the outside of the third rail power supply module and / or the current collector module. In some embodiments, the shielding cover is provided on the outside of the third rail power supply module to suppress interference radiated into space by the third rail. In other embodiments, the shielding cover is provided on the outside of the current collector module to suppress radiated interference at the current collector. Optionally, a shielding cover is provided on the outside of both the third rail power supply module and the current collector module. Further, the surface of the shielding cover is provided with a conductive coating to improve the conductive continuity of the shielding cover surface and enhance the shielding effect against radiated interference. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the number of stages in the multi-stage LC filter circuit is determined based on the required interference bandwidth and attenuation amount; the more stages, the more sufficient the attenuation of wideband interference. In other embodiments, each stage of the LC filter circuit uses different inductance and capacitance values ​​to stagger the cutoff frequencies of each stage. The cutoff frequency of each stage decreases as the product of its inductance and capacitance increases, thus allowing all stages to collectively cover a wider interference bandwidth. Optionally, the EMI filter includes a common-mode filter unit and a differential-mode filter unit, used to suppress common-mode interference and differential-mode interference, respectively. Regarding the shielding cover, in some embodiments, the shielding cover is made of metal and grounded to provide a discharge path for induced current. In other embodiments, the inner wall of the shielding cover is further provided with an absorbing material to absorb electromagnetic energy entering the cover. A conductive coating is applied to the surface of the shielding cover to eliminate poor contact at the joints and maintain the conductive continuity of the shielding cover surface, thereby suppressing interference leakage through gaps.

[0053] Because the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module attenuates conducted interference step by step through a multi-stage LC filter circuit and an EMI filter connected in sequence, and blocks radiated interference through a shield with a conductive coating on its surface, both conducted and radiated interference are effectively suppressed, and the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the system can be further improved.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, the insulation protection module is also used to electrically insulate the current collector module from the vehicle body and to electrically insulate the third rail power supply module from the track bed.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, the insulation protection module, in addition to providing electrical insulation between the current-collecting shoe and the return shoe, also provides insulation between the current-collecting module and the car body, and between the third rail power supply module and the track bed. In some embodiments, a composite insulation layer is provided between the current-collecting module and the car body to separate the current-collecting module at the power-taking potential from the car body, preventing high-voltage power from forming an unintended path through the car body. In other embodiments, the current-collecting module and the car body are connected by an insulating support, which provides electrical isolation between the current-collecting module and the car body while bearing the installation load of the current-collecting module. In some embodiments, insulation between the third rail power supply module and the track bed is achieved through a supporting insulator, and in other embodiments through an insulating pad, thereby isolating the power rail, protective grounding rail, and track bed. Optionally, the insulation material used for the above-mentioned parts is ceramic, glass fiber, or epoxy resin, and its thickness is determined according to the principle of preventing breakdown under the operating voltage, that is, the insulation layer thickness is not less than the product of the operating voltage and the safety factor divided by the breakdown field strength of the insulation material, and the safety factor is not less than 1.5. Furthermore, withstand voltage and insulation resistance tests can be performed on the aforementioned insulated parts. The withstand voltage test applies a voltage 1.5 to 2 times the rated voltage for 1 to 5 minutes, requiring no breakdown to occur. The insulation resistance test requires an insulation resistance of not less than 500 MΩ. Because the insulation protection module, in addition to the insulation between the current collector module and the car body, and between the third rail power supply module and the track bed, further insulates the current collector module from the car body and the track bed, the high-voltage parts of the system are completely isolated from the car body, track bed, etc., reducing the risk of unexpected leakage and grounding breakdown, and improving the overall insulation reliability of the system.

[0056] In one exemplary embodiment, the power rail is configured to transmit electrical energy bidirectionally; The current collector shoe is also used to feed the electrical energy generated by braking back to the power supply that powers the power rail when the vehicle is braking.

[0057] In this embodiment, the power rail is configured for bidirectional power transmission. That is, the power rail can transmit high-voltage power from the power supply to the vehicle load via the current-collecting shoe during traction, and can also transmit braking energy back via the current-collecting shoe during braking. In some embodiments, the vehicle uses a high-voltage braking power supply method via the shoe and rail. During braking, the onboard power conversion device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is then fed back to the power supply supply that powers the power rail via the current-collecting shoe and power rail for use by other vehicles or fed back to the power grid. In other embodiments, the fed-back electrical energy is stored in an energy storage device installed along the line. Optionally, the control module controls the feedback process based on whether the vehicle is in braking condition and the voltage state on the power rail, opening the feedback path when feedback is permitted and transferring braking energy to other energy-consuming components when feedback is not advisable. Further, in some embodiments, while the braking energy is fed back via the current-collecting shoe and power rail, the return shoe and protective grounding rail maintain a grounding return path to ensure potential reference and safe grounding during the feedback process. In other embodiments, the control module adjusts the contact pressure between the current-collecting shoe and the power rail accordingly when the feedback path is activated to adapt to the magnitude of the feedback current and ensure reliable contact between the current-collecting shoe and the power rail during the feedback process. Since the power rail is configured to transmit electrical energy bidirectionally and the current-collecting shoe can feed the electrical energy generated during braking back to the power supply via the power rail, the electrical energy generated during braking can be recovered and utilized instead of being completely dissipated, thus improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0058] In one exemplary embodiment, the current collector module further includes a contact pressure adjustable mechanism for adjusting the contact pressure between the current collector shoe and the power rail, and / or the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective ground rail.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, the current collector module also includes a contact pressure adjustable mechanism connected to the current collecting shoe and / or return shoe for adjusting the contact pressure between the current collecting shoe and the power rail and / or the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail. In some embodiments, the contact pressure adjustable mechanism includes an elastic pressurizing component, such as a pressure regulating spring, which changes the pressure applied to the current collecting shoe or return shoe by adjusting the preload of the elastic pressurizing component. In other embodiments, the contact pressure adjustable mechanism includes a pressurizing component driven by a control signal, such as an electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically driven pressurizing component, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the contact pressure. Optionally, the contact pressure adjustable mechanism adjusts the contact pressure between the current collecting shoe and the power rail, and between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail, to a specified value. to Within the specified range. Furthermore, the adjustable contact pressure mechanism is controlled by the control module. The control module determines the required contact pressure based on system state parameters such as the current in the current collector shoe and the gap between the current collector shoe and the power rail, and applies it through the adjustable contact pressure mechanism. Because the current collector module is equipped with an adjustable contact pressure mechanism, the contact pressure between the current collector shoe and the power rail, and between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail, can be adjusted according to operational needs. The contact state can be optimized as needed, balancing the reliability of power supply and return, as well as the wear of the current collector shoe and the return shoe.

[0060] In summary, after the system is powered on, the control module loads the initial model parameters. Then, at fixed intervals, it synchronously collects system state variables, including power rail voltage, current collector shoe current, insulation temperature, electromagnetic noise, shoe-rail clearance, acceleration, and vehicle speed, from multiple sensors and performs standardization to obtain a state vector. The control module inputs the state vector into a machine learning model to obtain the fault probability and calculates the fault level. If the fault level is high, it cuts off the power rail supply, triggers emergency braking and executes a system shutdown operation, or reduces the system operating power and issues an alarm. If none of the above actions are triggered, the control module uses the error between the actual fault result and the predicted fault probability to adjust the system's operating power. The machine learning model's parameters are updated online, and insulation status, electromagnetic compatibility performance, and current collection quality are evaluated. When the insulation resistance is below a threshold, the power rail supply voltage is reduced, and the grounding return current via the protective grounding rail is strengthened. When electromagnetic emissions exceed a preset emission level, the filtering branch of the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module is switched, and / or the shielding strategy is adjusted. When current collection losses exceed a preset loss level, the contact pressure of the current collection shoe is adjusted via a contact pressure adjustable mechanism, and / or the power distribution of the current collector module is adjusted. Based on this, the control module generates a comprehensive control instruction set and drives the corresponding actuators to operate. Subsequently, data and logs are recorded, and the data collection is resumed, repeating this cycle. In addition, the power rail is configured for bidirectional power transmission, so that the electrical energy generated during vehicle braking is fed back to the power supply via the power rail.

[0061] Therefore, the above modules and controls work together to ensure that the system can simultaneously achieve reliable separation of power supply and return, reliable insulation, effective suppression of electromagnetic interference, and adaptive control based on operating status in the high-voltage third rail current collection scenario in a confined space. As a result, the overall safety, electromagnetic compatibility, and operational adaptability of the system can be improved.

[0062] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0063] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A power supply system, characterized in that, Includes current collector module, third rail power supply module and insulation protection module; The third rail power supply module includes a power rail and a protective grounding rail. The power rail is used to transmit high-voltage electrical energy, and the protective grounding rail is used for grounding return. The current collector module includes a current collection shoe and a return shoe. The current collection shoe is used to contact the power rail to obtain high-voltage electrical energy from the power rail, and the return shoe is used to contact the protective grounding rail to form a return path via the protective grounding rail. The insulation protection module is used to at least electrically insulate the current receiving shoe from the return shoe, thereby blocking the direct conductive path between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe.

2. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, which is connected to the current collector module, the third rail power supply module and the insulation protection module respectively; The control module is used to collect system status data and control the current collector module, the third rail power supply module and the insulation protection module based on the system status data.

3. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module is specifically used for: When an insulation anomaly is determined based on the system state parameters, the power supply voltage of the power rail is reduced, and the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail is increased. When the current collection loss exceeds the preset loss based on the system state parameters, the contact pressure between the current collection shoe and the power rail and / or the power distribution of the current collector module are adjusted.

4. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module is also used to monitor the insulation resistance between the current receiving shoe and the return shoe, and when the insulation resistance is lower than the preset resistance, reduce the power supply voltage of the power rail and issue an insulation fault alarm.

5. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module is specifically used to input the system state variables into a machine learning model to obtain the fault probability, and when the fault probability is greater than a preset probability, to perform protection control corresponding to the fault probability on at least one of the current collector module, the third rail power supply module and the insulation protection module.

6. The power supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module is also used to update the parameters of the machine learning model based on the error between the actual fault result corresponding to the system state quantity and the fault probability output by the machine learning model for the system state quantity. The actual fault result refers to the fault result that actually occurred in the power supply system at the time the system state variables were collected, including whether a fault occurred and / or the type of fault that occurred.

7. The power supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module is also used for: The fault level is determined based on the fault probability; When the fault level is the first fault level, the power supply to the power rail is cut off, emergency braking is triggered, and the system shutdown operation is performed. When the fault level is the second fault level, reduce the system operating power and trigger an alarm; When the fault level is the third fault level, at least one of the current collector module and the insulation protection module shall be adjusted and an early warning shall be issued.

8. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply system also includes: An electromagnetic compatibility suppression module is used to suppress electromagnetic interference generated during the transmission of high-voltage electrical energy through the power rail.

9. The power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control module is also used to adjust the filtering branch and / or shielding strategy of the electromagnetic compatibility suppression module when it is determined from the system state variables that the electromagnetic emission exceeds the preset emission level.

10. The power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electromagnetic compatibility suppression module includes a multi-stage LC filter circuit and an EMI filter connected in sequence, as well as a shielding cover covering the third rail power supply module and / or the current collector module. The surface of the shielding cover is provided with a conductive coating.

11. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation protection module is also used to electrically insulate the current collector module from the vehicle body and the third rail power supply module from the track bed.

12. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power rail is configured to transmit electrical energy bidirectionally; The current-collecting shoe is also used to feed back the electrical energy generated by braking to the power supply that powers the power rail when the vehicle is braking.

13. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The current collector module also includes a contact pressure adjustable mechanism, which is used to adjust the contact pressure between the current collecting shoe and the power rail, and / or the contact pressure between the return shoe and the protective grounding rail.

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