A small and micro elevator with a spring suspension and a counterweight of a pit machine room without a hoistway

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of well pit machine room counterweight's spring suspension floating built-in small micro-elevator, including building, the wall corner position of floor in the building is opened with hole, and the wall corner position of a floor in the building and the corresponding position between adjacent one floor are provided with door frame, seamless connection between the corresponding building one wall body of one side of door frame, seamless connection between the corresponding building other wall body of other side of door frame, combined into elevator shaft;Top wall body in elevator shaft is provided with mounting disc by expansion screw;Carriage is cooperatively arranged in elevator shaft;Stand column is from top to bottom and is arranged in carriage, and chain is passed from stand column;The upper portion of roof in carriage is provided with driving mechanism.The built-in elevator has the characteristics of novel structure, economic and practical, safe and reliable, low price, solves the problem of old building ladder difficulty, through stand column guide mode combined with sprocket chain transmission structure, and using spring floating safety protection device to replace counterweight function, achieves the purpose of energy saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vertical lifting equipment technology, specifically to a spring-suspended built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaft-free pit machine room. Background Technology

[0002] Adding elevators to old buildings (referred to as "elevator installation in old buildings") is a public welfare project that benefits the people. Since most old multi-story residential buildings constructed in the last century generally do not have dedicated vertical elevator shafts, it is impossible to install built-in vertical elevators within the building. Currently, the method used is to add an external elevator to the outside of the building, and then connect it to the elevator shaft via corridors at the entrances of each floor, forming a massive additional building complex. However, this method of adding external elevators to the outside of the building has the following disadvantages:

[0003] (1) It damaged the overall landscape of the community and occupied public land;

[0004] (2) It causes disturbance and inconvenience to some owners of the original building (especially those living on the ground floor) in terms of ventilation, lighting, noise, etc.

[0005] (3) The total project cost is about 700,000 to 800,000 yuan (six stories). The construction costs, including the excavation of a deep pit and the construction of shafts and connecting corridors, account for more than 60% of the cost. The construction period is more than one year, which is expensive and has low construction efficiency.

[0006] (4) The ground settlement caused by the well, which has a total weight of tens of tons, is not synchronized with the settlement rate of the main building, which has created safety hazards. In addition, large-area entrance and exit openings need to be excavated on each floor, which seriously reduces the actual service life of the old building and may even cause the old building to become a dangerous building.

[0007] (5) Due to the structural reasons of some multi-story residential buildings, the elevator entrances and exits can only be set on the intermediate resting platform, resulting in half a floor of entrance stairs, making it difficult to enter the house on the same floor and not to achieve barrier-free passage throughout the entire process, which is not conducive to barrier-free passage for users with mobility difficulties.

[0008] (6) After the elevator has been used for a long time, the public corridor may be filled with debris, or even become the private territory of individual owners. This makes it inconvenient for property cleaning staff to carry out sanitation cleaning, and may even create new conflicts in neighborly relations.

[0009] (7) The subsequent maintenance and repair costs of elevators, as well as elevator operating costs (electricity costs), increase the economic burden on the majority of homeowners and may even lead to a series of disputes and conflicts; moreover, when elevators malfunction and are difficult to repair in a timely manner, long-term outages are common, causing inconvenience in use;

[0010] (8) Owners living on the ground floor (especially first-floor residents) will not only not enjoy the convenience of elevator installation, but will also bear the intangible economic losses caused by the depreciation of housing due to elevator installation.

[0011] Given the above reasons, while installing elevators in older buildings is a good thing, the actual completion rate has been low over the past decade due to the inability of many homeowners to bear the costs and the difficulty in reaching a consensus. The widespread adoption and promotion of elevator installation in older buildings has been slow, and there have even been opposing opinions and arguments. Therefore, a better solution for installing elevators in older buildings is urgently needed to open up new possibilities. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide a spring-suspended built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight without shaft pit or machine room, so as to solve the problem of difficulty in adding elevators to old buildings.

[0013] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0014] This invention provides a spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight and no shaft pit, comprising a building. Openings are provided at the corners of the floor slabs of the building. A door frame is provided between the corner of one floor slab and the corresponding position of an adjacent floor slab within the building's corridor. One side of the door frame is seamlessly connected to a wall of the building, and the other side is seamlessly connected to another wall of the building, forming an elevator shaft. An installation plate is installed on the top wall of the elevator shaft using expansion bolts. A car is fitted within the elevator shaft. A column extends from top to bottom through the car, and a chain passes through the column. A drive mechanism is provided on the upper part of the top cover of the car.

[0015] The car is composed of a chassis, a top cover, second side beams, a rear beam, guard plates, and an inner sliding door. The chassis and the top cover are arranged opposite each other, and a guard plate is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the chassis, corresponding to the left and right sides of the top cover, namely the left guard plate and the right guard plate. A second side beam is symmetrically arranged at the front end of the left guard plate and the front end of the right guard plate, and an inner sliding door is arranged between the front ends of the left and right guard plates. The rear ends of the left and right guard plates are connected by a rear beam. End caps and sliding sleeves are symmetrically arranged on the bottom surface of the chassis and the top surface of the top cover, respectively, from the outside to the inside, by bolts. The chain passes through the end caps and sliding sleeves. A control display panel is arranged on the inner surface of the rear beam.

[0016] The drive mechanism consists of a worm gear reducer, a motor, an anti-detachment sprocket, a first planetary gear reducer, an indexing plate, a second planetary gear reducer, a flywheel, a pressure plate, and a terminal block. The worm gear reducer is connected to the top cover via hexagonal bolts. The output shaft of the motor is inserted into the worm gear reducer. The anti-detachment sprocket is connected to the output shaft of the worm gear reducer and is located on both sides of the chain, meshing with the chain. The first planetary gear reducer is mounted on the top cover via the indexing plate, and its input end is connected to the anti-detachment sprocket. Its output end is connected to the turntable in the indexing plate. A microswitch is installed in the dovetail groove of the indexing plate. When the turntable rotates, the flange on the turntable's periphery can trigger the microswitch, thereby controlling the elevator to accurately stop at a designated floor. The second planetary gear reducer is connected to the input end of the worm gear reducer, and a flywheel is installed at its output end.

[0017] A mud pile with a hook is embedded at the bottom of the elevator shaft.

[0018] Preferably, the column is located in the middle of the car; one end of the column is fixed to the bottom of the car by a flat nut assembly (including a nut and a flat washer), and the other end of the column is fixed to the top of the car by a flat nut assembly.

[0019] Preferably, the opening in the floor slab is a first isosceles triangle; the elevator shaft is a second isosceles triangle; and the car is a third isosceles triangle. The second isosceles triangle is slightly larger than the first isosceles triangle, and the first isosceles triangle is larger than the third isosceles triangle.

[0020] Preferably, the door frame is composed of a first side beam, an upper crossbeam, and a middle crossbeam, with the upper crossbeam perpendicular to the side beams; a first side beam is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam, namely the left side beam and the right side beam, and a middle crossbeam is arranged at the upper position of the left side beam corresponding to the upper position of the right side beam; a control button is provided at the bottom of the front of the first side beam by screws.

[0021] Preferably, a display screen is installed in the upper part of the door frame by screws; an electric sliding door is provided in the lower part of the door frame.

[0022] Preferably, the left and right sides of the door frame are both beveled at 45° to facilitate close contact between the door frame and the wall; the top of the door frame is in close contact with the floor slab to provide better support.

[0023] Preferably, a tensioner is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and one end of the chain is mounted on the tensioner; four tension springs are suspended on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the other end of the tension springs is connected to the bottom of the car; a drag cable is provided at the top of the elevator shaft, and the drag cable is connected to the drive mechanism in the top surface of the car; one end of the cable is fixed to the pressure plate in the drive mechanism, and the wire in the drag cable is connected to the corresponding terminal on the terminal block in the drive mechanism; the wiring from the motor and the indexing plate is connected to the corresponding terminal in the terminal block;

[0024] The mounting plate is composed of a left frame, a right frame, a front beam I, a middle beam I, a rear beam I, and a support column, which are welded together to form an isosceles right triangle. The support column is welded to the middle of the middle beam I and is connected to the tensioner. Tension springs are suspended on the front beam I and the rear beam I by hexagonal bolts. The other end of the tow cable is fixed in the screw hole in the middle of the rear beam I.

[0025] The tensioner consists of a fork-shaped frame, a gasket, and an adjusting bolt;

[0026] The indexing plate consists of a base, a slider, and a pad; the micro switch is fixed to the slider by a screw assembly; the slider is arc-shaped with a dovetail cross-section, and is embedded in a dovetail groove in the base, sliding circumferentially along the dovetail groove on the base; a micro switch is provided at the beginning and end of the indexing plate to trigger an AC contactor to realize automatic reversing of the elevator's up and down directions; the slider can be replaced with a dovetail square nut.

[0027] Preferably, the anti-derailment combination sprocket consists of a base plate, a bearing seat, a driving sprocket, two driven sprockets, and a pulley. The centers of the driving sprocket and the two driven sprockets form a triangular stable area. The pulley is positioned relative to the driving sprocket to provide transmission and limit the chain, preventing chain slippage and ensuring elevator operation safety. The chain passes through the gap between the driving sprocket, the two driven sprockets, and the pulley. The driven sprocket consists of a sprocket and a bearing.

[0028] Preferably, the top cover has a rectangular slot for observing the working status of the flywheel through the slot.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in the machine room without a shaft pit, as described in this invention, features a novel structure, economic practicality, safety and reliability, and low price, solving the problem of difficulty in adding elevators to old buildings; by combining a column-guided method with a sprocket and chain transmission structure, and by using a spring-floating safety protection device to replace the counterweight function, energy saving is achieved; at the same time, the elevator is manually driven, enabling self-rescue in the event of an elevator malfunction, thus improving safety; compared with the prior art, the specific beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] (1) Make full use of the existing walls of the original building. Only by opening holes in the floor slab and adding door frames and sliding doors can a triangular cross-section shaft be naturally formed, and the amount of work is relatively small.

[0031] (2) In addition to the shaft, components such as the foundation pit, machine room, counterweight, and guide rails are eliminated, making the project cost only about one-tenth of that of traditional elevators, reducing elevator installation costs and making it easier to promote and popularize.

[0032] (3) It adopts the working principle of spring floating, which can effectively avoid major accidents such as slipping and falling to the bottom; when the ladder is stuck or trapped due to power failure or other faults, it can be driven by manpower to save itself and escape, thus improving the safety protection function.

[0033] (4) Using a low-power motor, the average daily power consumption is only about 1 kWh for 1 hour of operation. The operating cost per household can be as low as RMB 1 per month, which reduces the power consumption of the elevator and reduces the user's expenditure costs.

[0034] (5) No modifications are required to the original staircase structure. The built-in elevator is located in the corner of the entrance platform or the intermediate rest platform, which makes full use of the space and avoids the accumulation of debris in the corner of the original corridor.

[0035] (6) The structure is simple, the amount of construction work is relatively small, the overall construction period is short, and it can be completed and put into use within one month.

[0036] (7) It does not damage the image and landscape of the entire residential community, does not occupy public green space and passageways, and is of great significance to building a beautiful home;

[0037] (8) The built-in spring-floating micro elevator does not require the use of the space around the original building, thus ensuring the lighting, ventilation and other functions of the original building. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a spring-suspended built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless machine room provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view;

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the changing states;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view after removing the mounting plate and top cover;

[0043] Figure 5 A structural diagram showing openings (i.e., openings) in a floor slab;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the door frame;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the elevator car;

[0046] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a chain installed inside a column;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-detachment combination sprocket structure;

[0049] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the passive sprocket.

[0050] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation disk.

[0051] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of the support column;

[0052] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the chain is connected to the tensioner.

[0053] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the indexing plate.

[0054] Figure 16 for Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the central base;

[0055] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dovetail square nut;

[0056] Figure 18 This is a circuit diagram illustrating the working principle of electrical control.

[0057] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a structure with a counterweight in other embodiments;

[0058] Figure 20 for Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the pulley balancing system consisting of the middle car and the counterweight;

[0059] Figure 21 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pendant-type human-driven device provided for other embodiments.

[0060] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0061] 1. Door frame; 2. Mounting plate; 3. Car; 4. Column; 5. Chain; 6. Drive mechanism; 7. End cover; 8. Sliding sleeve; 9. Micro switch; 10. Tensioner; 11. Tension spring; 12. Trailing cable.

[0062] First side beam 101, upper cross beam 102 and middle cross beam 103;

[0063] Left frame 201, right frame 202, front beam I203, middle beam I204, rear beam I205, column 206;

[0064] Chassis 301, roof 302, second side beam 303, rear beam 304, guard plate 305, inner sliding door 306;

[0065] Worm gear reducer 601, motor 602, anti-detachment combination sprocket 603, first planetary gear reducer 604, indexing plate 605, second planetary gear reducer 606, flywheel 607, pressure plate 608, terminal block 609. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, a spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight and no shaft pit machine room includes a building. An opening is provided at the corner of the floor slab of the building. A door frame 1 is provided between the corner of one floor slab and the corresponding position of an adjacent floor slab within the building's corridor. One side of the door frame 1 is seamlessly connected to a wall of the building, and the other side of the door frame 1 is seamlessly connected to another wall of the building, forming an elevator shaft. An installation plate 2 is installed on the top wall of the elevator shaft using expansion bolts. A car 3 is fitted inside the elevator shaft. A column 4 passes through the car 3 from top to bottom, and a chain 5 passes through the column 4. A drive mechanism 6 is provided on the upper part of the top cover of the car 3.

[0068] Preferably, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, the car 3 is composed of a chassis 301, a top cover 302, a second side beam 303, a rear beam 304, guard plates 305, and an inner sliding door 306. The chassis 301 and the top cover 302 are arranged opposite each other, and a guard plate 305 is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the chassis 301 corresponding to the left and right sides of the top cover 302, namely the left guard plate and the right guard plate. A second side beam 303 is symmetrically arranged at the front end of the left guard plate and the front end of the right guard plate, and an inner sliding door 306 is arranged between the front end of the left guard plate and the front end of the right guard plate. The rear end of the left guard plate and the rear end of the right guard plate are connected by the rear beam 304. The bottom surface of the chassis 301 and the top surface of the top cover 302 are symmetrically arranged from the outside to the inside with end caps 7 and sliding sleeves 8 by bolts. The chain 5 passes through the end caps 7 and sliding sleeves 8. A control display panel is arranged on the inner surface of the rear beam 304.

[0069] The control display panel includes a start button, floor indicator lights, up / down indicator lights, and signal lights. The information displayed on the control display panel is synchronized and consistent with the information displayed on the screens in the door frames of each floor. For ease of maintenance, the sliding sleeve 8 adopts a detachable two-part assembly structure, with the inner diameter of the sleeve slightly larger than the length of the chain pin. Since the sliding sleeve is a wear-prone part, it should be replaced periodically. Due to the uncertainty of load distribution within the car 3, it will be in an unbalanced state when the center of gravity deviates from the center of the column. Furthermore, the friction generated by the lateral normal pressure during dynamic operation will gradually wear down the inner diameter of the sliding sleeve. Therefore, the sliding sleeve can be made of engineering plastics with good wear resistance, such as nylon or polyoxymethylene, and should operate under good lubrication to ensure a long service life. The column 4, in addition to being used in the car... In addition to its functions as a positioning and transmission chain channel, the column can also serve as a handrail, accommodating three people and enhancing the overall strength of the car. The column can be made of 1.5-inch thick-walled galvanized pipe with an outer diameter of 48mm, and its length can be adjusted according to the actual height of the car. The two ends of the column are threaded, with a thread length of about 50mm, providing a good grip and bending strength. Alternatively, aluminum alloy tubing of similar size can be used, which is lighter in weight and can be blackened or dyed. The inner sliding door 306 adopts an existing structure, consisting of an aluminum alloy frame, tempered glass sliding door, and bearing pulleys. It should slide smoothly and flexibly when opening and closing and has an automatic power-off protection device, which automatically cuts off the power supply when the sliding door 306 is opened to ensure safety. The specific settings will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0070] Preferably, such as Figure 1 and Figure 9As shown, the drive mechanism 6 consists of a worm gear reducer 601, a motor 602, an anti-detachment combination sprocket 603, a first planetary gear reducer 604, an indexing plate 605, a second planetary gear reducer 606, a flywheel 607, a pressure plate 608, and a terminal block 609. The worm gear reducer 601 is connected to the top cover 302 by hexagonal bolts; the output shaft of the motor 602 is inserted into the worm gear reducer 601; the anti-detachment combination sprocket 603 is connected to the output shaft of the worm gear reducer 601, and the anti-detachment combination sprocket 603 is located on both sides of the chain 5, and the anti-detachment combination sprocket 603 meshes with the chain 5; the first row The planetary gear reducer 604 is mounted on the top cover 302 via an indexing plate 605. The input end of the first planetary gear reducer 604 is connected to the anti-detachment combination sprocket 603, and the output end of the first planetary gear reducer 604 is connected to the turntable in the indexing plate 605. A micro switch 9 is installed in the dovetail groove of the indexing plate 605. When the turntable rotates, the flange on the periphery of the turntable can trigger the micro switch 10 to achieve the purpose of controlling the elevator to accurately stop at the designated floor. The second planetary gear reducer 605 is connected to the input end of the worm gear reducer 601, and a flywheel 607 is installed at the output end of the second planetary gear reducer 605.

[0071] In this configuration, the anti-detachment combination sprocket 603 and the chain 5 are in a triangular clamping state, which can prevent the sprocket and chain from disengaging and failing. Up to 6 microswitches can be installed in the dovetail groove of the indexing plate 605, with one microswitch installed every 60 degrees. This is suitable for six-story residential buildings. During debugging, the display screen located above the door frame can be removed to finely adjust the angle position of the microswitches from the front.

[0072] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a mud pile with a hook is embedded at the bottom of the elevator shaft.

[0073] Furthermore, in the embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the column 4 is located in the middle of the car 3; one end of the column 4 is fixed to the bottom surface of the car 3 by a flat nut assembly (including a nut and a flat washer), and the other end of the column 4 is fixed to the top surface of the car 3 by a flat nut assembly.

[0074] Furthermore, the opening on the floor slab is shaped like a first isosceles triangle; the elevator shaft is shaped like a second isosceles triangle; and the car 3 is shaped like a third isosceles triangle. The size of the second isosceles triangle is slightly larger than that of the first isosceles triangle, and the size of the first isosceles triangle is larger than that of the third isosceles triangle.

[0075] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the door frame 1 is composed of a first side beam 101, an upper crossbeam 102, and a middle crossbeam 103. The upper crossbeam 102 is perpendicular to the first side beam 101. A first side beam 101 is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam 102, namely the left side beam and the right side beam. The middle crossbeam 103 is arranged at the upper position of the left side beam corresponding to the upper position of the right side beam. A control button is provided at the bottom of the front of the first side beam 101 by screws.

[0076] In this system, a door frame 1 is installed on the outer edge of the hypotenuse of the triangular elevator shaft on each floor. The door frame is a welded steel structure, formed by welding channel steel and angle steel to create a door frame with high mechanical strength. It should be noted that the entire door frame needs to be powder-coated or painted to make the door frame look beautiful, prevent rust, and extend its service life.

[0077] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, a display screen is installed in the upper part of the door frame 1 by screws; an electric sliding door is installed in the lower part of the door frame 1.

[0078] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the left and right sides of the door frame 1 are both 45° beveled, which facilitates close contact between the door frame and the wall; the top of the door frame is in close contact with the floor slab to provide better support.

[0079] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 Figure 2 and Figure 12 As shown, a tensioner 10 is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the mounting plate 2, and one end of the chain 5 is mounted on the tensioner 10; four tension springs 11 are suspended on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 2, and the other end of the tension springs 11 is connected to the bottom of the car 3; a tow cable 12 is provided at the top of the elevator shaft, and the tow cable 12 is connected to the drive mechanism 6 in the top surface of the car 3. One end of the cable in the tow cable 12 is fixed to the pressure plate 608 in the drive mechanism 6, and the wire in the tow cable 12 is connected to the corresponding terminal on the terminal block 609 in the drive mechanism 6; the wiring led out from the motor 602 and the indexing plate 605 is connected to the corresponding terminal on the terminal block 609;

[0080] like Figure 12 As shown, the mounting plate 2 is an isosceles right triangle formed by welding together a left frame 201, a right frame 202, a front beam I203, a middle beam I204, a rear beam I205, and a support column 206; the support column 206 is welded to the middle of the middle beam I204 and is connected to the tensioner 12; tension springs 11 are suspended on the front beam I203 and the rear beam I205 by hexagonal bolts; the other end of the tow cable 12 is fixed in the screw hole in the middle of the rear beam I205;

[0081] like Figure 1 and Figure 14 As shown, the tensioner 10 consists of a fork-shaped frame, a pad, and an adjusting bolt;

[0082] like Figure 15 As shown, the indexing plate 605 consists of a base, a slider, and a pad; the micro switch is fixed to the slider by a screw assembly (i.e., screw and washer); the slider has an arc shape and a dovetail cross-section, and is embedded in the dovetail groove in the base, and slides circumferentially on the base along the dovetail groove; a micro switch is provided at the beginning and end of the indexing plate to trigger the AC contactor and realize the automatic reversing of the elevator's up and down directions; the slider can be replaced with a dovetail square nut.

[0083] Among these,

[0084] (1) The size of the mounting plate 2 is slightly smaller than the size of the opening. The mounting plate mainly serves to suspend the chain 5 and the tension spring 15. The maximum load should not be less than 1000 kg. During installation, two expansion bolts can be installed on each of the two side frames to fix it to the wall. Then, two through bolts are installed on the middle beam I to the top floor slab. The top floor slab should be drilled through. Then, M12 long bolts are used for fixing. The fixing is safe and reliable. All wiring in the cable is close to the top floor (the highest floor in the building) slab and led to the upper part of the door frame in the top floor (the highest floor in the building). It is electrically connected to the control box in the upper part of the door frame; the surface of the mounting plate is coated with yellow anti-rust primer and gray topcoat; the frame, front beam I203, middle beam I, rear beam I and the support column are all made of channel steel; the support column is composed of column rod and nut welded together, and can withstand a tensile force of more than 1000 kg; the bottom of the support column 206 is welded to the center of the middle beam I, and the other end is connected to the tensioner. The support column is made of 1.5-inch thick-walled galvanized pipe or seamless steel pipe of similar specifications, and the nut is a high-strength thickened M24 hexagonal nut with flange;

[0085] (2) The maximum adjustment distance of the adjusting bolt shall not exceed 100mm (including 100mm). The adjusting bolt is an M24X150 (fully threaded) high-strength internal hex bolt (standard part). After inserting it into the fork bracket, screw in the hex nut on the fork bracket, maintaining a moderate gap. Then, weld the fork bracket and the adjusting bolt together. The hex nut is used as the wrench entry point during adjustment. After adjustment, it can be tightened to prevent loosening. When fixing the chain with this bolt kit, the hex bolt should be milled out of the platform beforehand and inserted into the chain. Within the gap between the two rollers of the chain (approximately 7mm), there are pads on both sides of the chain. When fine-tuning the chain's perpendicularity to the ground is required, Φ8 flat washers can be used to create an asymmetrical configuration. The purpose of the double fixing is to increase safety and reliability with double insurance. The entire set of adjusters weighs approximately 1kg. It should be noted that when adjusting the chain tension, the fork frame should not be rotated to avoid changing the original state of the chain when stationary. The adjustment work should be carried out at the top position and should be performed by professional maintenance personnel.

[0086] (3) Figure 16 As shown, the base is made of 20mm thick aluminum alloy plate. A circular dovetail groove is cut into the front of the base (which can be machined on a lathe using a four-way chuck). A rectangular notch is cut into the back of the base for the slide's inlet and outlet. A first planetary gear reducer is installed in the center of the base. A flanged turntable can be installed on the output shaft of the first planetary reducer. When the turntable rotates, it will sequentially trigger the microswitches installed above the dovetail groove. The input end of the second planetary reducer is connected to the output shaft of the worm gear reducer via a coupling. They should be concentric, and the height relative to the ground reference plane should be 160mm. The base is installed on the top cover of the car and should be vertical. It can be installed using standard parts such as hexagonal bolts, flat washers, and spring washers.

[0087] (4) Figure 17 As shown, the dovetail square nut is specially designed for use with the dovetail groove of the indexing plate, serving a positioning function. It is suitable for microswitches with various mounting hole spacings, has good versatility, and low manufacturing cost. In this case, the rectangular inlet / outlet on the back of the indexing plate can be replaced with a Φ30mm round hole, which is easier to process.

[0088] Furthermore, such as Figure 10 As shown, the anti-derailment combination sprocket 603 consists of a base plate, a bearing seat, a driving sprocket, two driven sprockets, and a pulley. The centers of the driving sprocket and the two driven sprockets form a triangular stable area. The pulley is positioned relative to the driving sprocket to provide transmission and limit functions for the chain, preventing chain slippage and ensuring elevator operation safety. The chain passes through the gap between the driving sprocket, the two driven sprockets, and the pulley. The driven sprocket consists of a sprocket and a bearing.

[0089] The base plate can be made of hot-rolled steel plate with a thickness of 3-5mm. The bearing housing can be a UCFL 206 type spherical bearing diamond bearing housing. The inner diameter of the bearing housing should be the same as the output shaft diameter of the worm gear reducer. The driving sprocket is a 12A16Z type, which is connected to the main shaft by a 10mm flat key and fixing screws. The driven sprocket is a 12A12Z type. The pulley can be directly made of a 201 type bearing (Φ12*32*14mm). The bearing housing, driven sprocket, and pulley are fixed with standard parts of the corresponding model (hex bolts, flat washers, and spring washer kits).

[0090] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, the top cover 302 has a rectangular slot for observing the working status of the flywheel through the slot.

[0091] In other embodiments,

[0092] (1) As Figure 19 As shown, the size of the triangular opening on the floor slab remains unchanged, while the depth of the car is reduced to 500mm (F100 type); the space in the triangle can then be increased to 190mm accordingly. The rear beam of the car is replaced with two symmetrical back beams (made of 80*50 unequal angle steel); a bracket (made of 5*36 unequal angle steel) is welded to the bottom of the back beams to fix the hooks of the tension springs; push-button switches and indicator lights are installed in the space between the back beams and the tow cable; the two sets of counterweights symmetrically arranged on the left and right are located at the bottom of the triangular opening; the counterweights use Φ60 *Made of 2500 steel, weighing approximately 50kg; an upper pulley should also be added to the mounting plate; the crossbeam welded to the back beam has two Φ6 holes on the left and right for fixing the steel cable; the tow cable is located in the center. Due to the increased depth, the folding operation is smoother. The overall layout is compact, making full use of the space in the rear triangle of the elevator shaft. The gap between the cable and the elevator shaft wall is approximately 17mm, avoiding friction or interference between the tension spring, counterweight, and tow cable in static or dynamic situations. It fully utilizes the principle of gravity and can always maintain a natural vertical state.

[0093] like Figure 20As shown, when the weights of the car and the two sets of counterweights are nearly equal, the pulley system is in a static equilibrium state. Since the system only needs to overcome the rolling friction resistance of the pulleys when in motion, i.e., F = (G1 + G2 + G3)μ, where G1, G2, and G3 are the weights of the car, counterweight, and cable, respectively, and μ is the rolling friction coefficient of the pulley using rolling bearings. When lubrication is good, μ ≈ 0.05, thus saving effort. Through the principle of automatic conversion of potential energy and kinetic energy, the maximum driving force required to drive the elevator up and down can be reduced by about one-third, allowing the use of a smaller power motor and reducing elevator operating costs. At the same time, from a safety perspective, when a mechanical failure occurs and the car falls, the restraining effect of the counterweight will slow down the car's falling speed and impact force. It can be seen that the car will be protected and insured by the triple protection of the chain, tension spring, and counterweight, greatly reducing the probability of falling to the bottom.

[0094] It should be noted that the upper pulley and the upper half of the cable are under stress and are in a taut state, while the lower pulley and the lower half of the cable are under very little stress and are in a slack state. Their function is only to position and stabilize, which is equivalent to the function of the guide rail. This prevents the counterweight from shaking during the dynamic process of lifting and lowering, and avoids rubbing against other components such as tension springs and tow cables.

[0095] When the total weight of the two counterweights is close to equal to the weight of the car, the maximum total tension generated by the four tension springs can be slightly greater than the rated load of the elevator. When the car is fully loaded and goes up to the top floor, and when the car is empty and goes down to the bottom floor, the load reaches its maximum value, which is equal to the total tension of the tension springs or the rated load of the elevator.

[0096] The specific settings will not be described in detail in this embodiment;

[0097] (2) Figure 21As shown, a planetary reducer with a rotating angle is used. Through bevel gear transmission, the output shaft can be rotated 90 degrees before being led out. A single-stage PLR60 planetary reducer manufactured by Shanghai Huanmei Company can be used, with a reduction ratio of 1:20. The center distance of the input shaft from the mounting base is approximately 80mm, and it should be concentric with the input shaft (i.e., the motor output shaft) of the WPDA80 worm gear reducer. This can be adjusted by adding or removing shims to the base. Only one Φ52mm positioning hole and four Φ5.5mm mounting holes need to be drilled on the car's top cover for mounting the planetary reducer. Fasteners can be... Using M5 screws, Φ5 flat washers, and spring washer kits can reduce the impact on the strength of the top cover; the output shaft of the planetary reducer extends out of the top cover and into the car, and an inertia flywheel with a handle can be installed on the output shaft, connected by a flat key and fixed with screws; when manually driving the elevator, simply reach your hand over your head to crank the flywheel; when using the F100B type (variant) elevator with counterweight, manual driving will be more effortless and smooth, with almost no effort required for the first half of the car's up and down movement; in the event of a power outage or a malfunction of the elevator's electrical control device, the manual driving mode can be activated for self-rescue and escape, eliminating worries about being trapped or stuck in the elevator;

[0098] The input end of the planetary reducer is connected to the input end of the worm gear reducer via a coupling. They should be kept concentric and connected using a clamping backlash connection method.

[0099] Working principle as follows Figure 18 As shown, a one-button operation method is adopted. When the car moves up and down, it will automatically change direction at the top and bottom floors. It cannot change its original direction of travel at intermediate floors and adopts a working mode that stops at every floor, as detailed below:

[0100] (1) Six double-pole double-throw microswitches, namely K1 / K7, K2 / K8…K6 / K12, are installed on the base of the indexing plate along the circular dovetail groove. K7 to K12 are connected in series and correspond to each floor from 1 to 6 in turn. Only one of them needs to be disconnected to cut off the main circuit, so that the running contactor KM1 is de-energized, thereby making the car stop accurately at the corresponding floor.

[0101] (2) Seven normally open contact push-button switches, SB1 to SB7, are connected in parallel on K7 and K12. SB1 to SB6 are installed on the door frames of floors 1 to 6, and SB7 is installed on the control panel inside the car. Pressing any one of these buttons will start the elevator. There are three starting methods: inching, long-time inching, and timer switch linkage. The timer switch KM can be a rotary timer switch (equivalent to a time relay). The delay time can be set arbitrarily within one minute and can be adjusted according to actual needs, making it very convenient to operate.

[0102] (3) KM2 and KM3 are AC contactors for automatic reversing. Each of them includes three main circuit normally open contacts, one auxiliary normally closed contact, and one normally open contact, which are connected to micro switches K1 and K6 respectively. The two auxiliary normally closed contacts can realize interlocking between the two contactors, that is, the two contactors are mutually restrictive and work in turn. The two auxiliary normally open contacts can realize self-locking, that is, when the car is in the middle floor position (2 to 5 floors), the contactor can still be in normal working state. Therefore, it can automatically reverse when the car reaches the top and bottom positions without any other operation.

[0103] (3) Signal lights D1 to D6 are lit on all floors except the floor where the car is located; signal lights D7 to D12 are the opposite, only the floor where the car is located is lit (flashing lights can be used for better visibility); signal lights D15 and D16 (dynamic arrow-shaped indicator lights are more intuitive) are used to indicate the direction of the car's movement, i.e., going up or down; the above signal lights can be installed on the display screen above the door frame of each floor; signal light D13 is the power supply indicator for the control circuit, which uses a safe AC 36V working voltage for safer use and maintenance; there are several wires in the elevator cable, and the high voltage and low voltage are isolated from each other;

[0104] (4) QF1 and QF2 are the power switches for the power circuit and control circuit, respectively, and are circuit breakers with short-circuit protection and fuses; QF3 is a safety protection switch, installed above the inner sliding door of the car. When the sliding door is opened, the power supply to the control circuit should be automatically cut off to ensure safety; FR is a thermal relay, which can automatically cut off the power to prevent the motor from overheating due to overload.

[0105] (5) The control transformer T, three AC contactors, circuit breakers and other electrical components should be installed in a distribution box, which can be placed above the top door frame or on the top of the car for easy maintenance and repair.

[0106] (6) In multi-story residential buildings with three-phase power supply, elevators should use three-phase AC motors as much as possible, which have the advantages of high efficiency and low cost; when using single-phase AC motors, phase-shifting capacitors and running capacitors (i.e., the so-called dual-capacitor asynchronous motors) need to be configured separately.

[0107] In addition, it should be noted that:

[0108] (1) The speed of the flywheel is one-tenth of the speed of the motor, which is about 140 r / min;

[0109] (2) The speed of the flywheel when turned by hand is generally no more than 60 r / min. When the car starts from the bottom position, it is easier and less strenuous due to the assistance of the tension spring.

[0110] (3) Select a 12A type sprocket and chain drive pair with a pitch of 19.05mm. The speed of the sprocket is about 47r / min. When the total travel distance of the elevator from the ground floor to the 6th floor is about 14 meters, the required travel time is just about 1 minute.

[0111] (4) The external dimensions of the car are divided into three types: large, medium and small, depending on the different models and specifications of the elevator. The height is the same. The most commonly used model is F100 (micro, 1000*1000*1414mm, load capacity 200kg, limited to 3 people); there are also F110 (micro, 1100*1100*1555mm, load capacity 275kg, limited to 4 people) and F120 (small, 1200*1200*1697mm, load capacity 350kg, limited to 5 people).

[0112] (5) The interior of the car can be decorated according to actual needs. A pad and carpet can be installed in the chassis, wallpaper can be applied to the inner surface of the protective panel, lighting fixtures and exhaust fans can be installed on the car roof, and stripes and pictures can be added to the tempered glass surface of the sliding door. It can even be equipped with a TV screen.

[0113] (6) When the elevator needs to be manually driven, the rectangular opening on the top cover is used to manually turn the flywheel;

[0114] (7) After the door frame is installed, its bottom and top are fixed to the corresponding floor slab with expansion bolts, forming one of the three sides of the elevator shaft, which is also the entrance and exit of the car.

[0115] (8) The built-in elevator described in this invention should be installed at the corner of the entrance platform or intermediate rest platform of the corridor, making full use of the original building wall. The appropriate model and specification can be selected according to the space and area of ​​the platform. The F100 model is the most commonly used standard specification. The shape of the hole in the floor slab is an isosceles right triangle. The three corners are allowed to be rounded. The edge section close to the wall should be as flush as possible with the wall surface. The edge of the sloping side should be aligned with the door frame. The floor slab is cut with a stone electric cutting machine or a road saw blade and then manually trimmed before being leveled with cement.

[0116] (9) All floor openings should maintain consistent dimensions. A plumb line can be used to check that the diagonal edges are roughly in the same plane. Existing water, electricity, gas pipes, network cables, and other obstacles on the wall should be relocated and removed in advance.

[0117] (10) Before drilling holes at the corners of each floor slab, the door frame should be installed in place below the floor slab; drilling should be carried out layer by layer from bottom to top, and the sliding door should be installed immediately to ensure safe construction and slag removal; the installation plate should be fixed in advance with expansion bolts at the top of the shaft, and four more expansion bolts should be added to the walls on both sides for horizontal fixation, which is safer and more reliable, and the load-bearing capacity should be above 500kg without falling off.

[0118] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless pit machine room, comprising buildings, characterized in that: The building has openings at the corners of the floor slabs, and door frames are installed between the corners of one floor slab and the corresponding positions of the adjacent floor slabs in the stairwell. One side of the door frame is seamlessly connected to a wall of the building, and the other side of the door frame is seamlessly connected to another wall of the building, forming an elevator shaft. An installation plate is installed on the top wall of the elevator shaft using expansion bolts. The car is fitted into the elevator shaft. The column passes through the car from top to bottom, and the chain passes through the column. A drive mechanism is installed on the upper part of the top cover of the car. The car is composed of a chassis, a top cover, second side beams, a rear beam, guard plates, and an inner sliding door. The chassis and the top cover are arranged opposite each other, and a guard plate is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the chassis, corresponding to the left and right sides of the top cover, namely the left guard plate and the right guard plate. A second side beam is symmetrically arranged at the front end of the left guard plate and the front end of the right guard plate, and an inner sliding door is arranged between the front ends of the left and right guard plates. The rear ends of the left and right guard plates are connected by a rear beam. End caps and sliding sleeves are symmetrically arranged on the bottom surface of the chassis and the top surface of the top cover, respectively, from the outside to the inside, by bolts. The chain passes through the end caps and sliding sleeves. A control display panel is arranged on the inner surface of the rear beam. The drive mechanism consists of a worm gear reducer, a motor, an anti-detachment combination sprocket, a first planetary gear reducer, an indexing plate, a second planetary gear reducer, a flywheel, a pressure plate, and a terminal block. The worm gear reducer is connected to the top cover via hexagonal bolts. The output shaft of the motor is inserted into the worm gear reducer. The anti-detachment combination sprocket is connected to the output shaft of the worm gear reducer and is located on both sides of the chain, meshing with the chain. The first planetary gear reducer is mounted on the top cover via the indexing plate, and its input end is connected to the anti-detachment combination sprocket. Its output end is connected to the turntable in the indexing plate. A micro switch is installed in the dovetail groove of the indexing plate. The second planetary gear reducer is connected to the input end of the worm gear reducer, and a flywheel is installed at its output end. A mud pile with a hook is embedded at the bottom of the elevator shaft.

2. The miniature elevator with spring suspension and built-in counterweight without shaft pit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The column is located in the middle of the car; one end of the column is fixed to the bottom of the car by a flat nut assembly, and the other end of the column is fixed to the top of the car by a flat nut assembly.

3. The miniature elevator with spring suspension and built-in counterweight without shaft pit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The opening in the floor slab is shaped like a first isosceles triangle; the elevator shaft is shaped like a second isosceles triangle; the car is shaped like a third isosceles triangle; the size of the second isosceles triangle is slightly larger than the size of the first isosceles triangle, and the size of the first isosceles triangle is larger than the size of the third isosceles triangle.

4. The spring-suspended built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless foundation pit machine room as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The door frame consists of a first side beam, an upper cross beam, and a middle cross beam. The upper cross beam is perpendicular to the side beam. A first side beam is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the upper cross beam, namely the left side beam and the right side beam. A middle cross beam is arranged at the upper position of the left side beam corresponding to the upper position of the right side beam. A control button is provided at the bottom of the front of the first side beam by screws.

5. A spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless foundation pit machine room as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the door frame is equipped with a display screen via screws; the lower part of the door frame is equipped with an electric sliding door.

6. The spring-suspended built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless foundation pit machine room as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right sides of the door frame are both angled at 45°; the top of the door frame is in close contact with the floor slab.

7. A spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless foundation pit machine room as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A tensioner is located at the center of the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and one end of the chain is mounted on the tensioner. Four tension springs are suspended on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the other ends of the tension springs are connected to the bottom of the car. A tow cable is provided at the top of the elevator shaft, and the tow cable is connected to the drive mechanism in the top surface of the car. One end of the cable is fixed to the pressure plate in the drive mechanism, and the wire in the cable is connected to the corresponding terminal on the terminal block in the drive mechanism. The wiring from the motor and the indexing plate is connected to the corresponding terminal in the terminal block. The mounting plate is composed of a left frame, a right frame, a front beam I, a middle beam I, a rear beam I, and a support column, which are welded together to form an isosceles right triangle. The support column is welded to the middle of the middle beam I and is connected to the tensioner. Tension springs are suspended on the front beam I and the rear beam I by hexagonal bolts. The other end of the tow cable is fixed in the screw hole in the middle of the rear beam I. The tensioner consists of a fork-shaped frame, a gasket, and an adjusting bolt; The indexing plate consists of a base, a slider, and a pad; the micro switch is fixed to the slider by a screw assembly; the slider is arc-shaped with a dovetail cross-section, and the slider is embedded in the dovetail groove in the base, and the slider slides circumferentially on the base along the dovetail groove; a micro switch is provided at the beginning and end of the indexing plate respectively; the slider can be replaced with a dovetail square nut.

8. A spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless foundation pit machine room as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The anti-detachment combination sprocket consists of a base plate, bearing seat, drive sprocket, two driven sprockets, and pulleys. The center of the drive sprocket and the two driven sprockets forms a triangular stable area, and the pulleys are positioned relative to the drive sprocket. The chain passes through the gap between the drive sprocket, the two driven sprockets, and the pulleys. The driven sprockets consist of a sprocket and a bearing.

9. A spring-suspended, built-in miniature elevator with a counterweight in a shaftless foundation pit machine room as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover has rectangular slots.

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