Water conservancy carbon sink efficiency increasing system, operation control method and water conservancy carbon sink efficiency increasing method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611373484.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-09-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-13
Smart Images
Figure CN122897571A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent water conservancy regulation and control technology, specifically involving water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system, operation control method and water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement method. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, water carbon sequestration technologies mainly include physicochemical adsorption, biomineralization and solidification, and electrochemical precipitation. These technologies have been applied relatively maturely in fields such as wastewater treatment and industrial exhaust gas treatment.
[0003] However, existing general carbon sequestration technologies face a series of insurmountable technical bottlenecks and engineering adaptability issues when applied to water conservancy projects. Taking the most common stationary carbon adsorption device as an example, it typically includes basic components such as a carbon adsorption bed, a water distribution system, and a drainage collection device. During operation, the water to be treated flows sequentially through the water distribution system and is evenly distributed before entering the carbon adsorption bed. Within the bed, the physical adsorption or chemical solidification of dissolved carbon dioxide is completed, and the treated water is discharged through the drainage collection device. While this type of device can achieve the expected carbon removal efficiency in laboratory environments or under low flow rate conditions, it reveals many shortcomings in actual water conservancy engineering applications. First, the equipment suffers from poor adaptability to various operating conditions and insufficient erosion resistance. Existing general-purpose carbon sequestration equipment design standards are primarily based on municipal sewage or industrial wastewater treatment scenarios (referencing the standard design parameters for sewage treatment structures in the "Outdoor Drainage Design Code" GB 50014), failing to adequately consider complex hydrological conditions such as high-speed water flow in water conservancy projects and flood impacts during the flood season. Typical equipment components are usually made of ordinary steel or engineering plastics, without specialized erosion protection treatment, and the maximum withstand velocity generally does not exceed 2 m / s (based on standard design standards for municipal sewage treatment equipment). However, at the dam nodes of large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects, the normal water conveyance velocity can reach 3-4 m / s (referencing measured data from similar inter-basin water transfer projects), and the flood discharge velocity during the flood season can reach as high as 6-8 m / s (based on statistical ranges from hydraulic model tests and engineering measured data). Under the long-term scouring action of such high-speed water flow, the structural components of existing equipment are prone to abrasion damage, weld cracking, and loosening of fasteners, which leads to a significant reduction in equipment lifespan and even the risk of being destroyed by floods during the flood season, making it impossible to achieve stable operation throughout the year.
[0004] Secondly, the integration with existing water conservancy projects is weak, and independent placement can interfere with flood control. Traditional carbon sequestration devices are typically deployed as independent auxiliary equipment around water conservancy projects, requiring dedicated installation space and infrastructure support. This independent deployment not only increases land acquisition costs and civil engineering investment, but more importantly, it may adversely affect the core functions of water conservancy projects such as flood control, water conveyance, and irrigation. For example, adding an independent carbon adsorption device inside or downstream of an stilling chamber can alter the original hydraulic connection conditions, potentially leading to insufficient energy dissipation, secondary drops, and increased local scouring. Setting up independent facilities next to irrigation area drainage channels may narrow the flow cross-section, affecting the smooth discharge of drainage water. Therefore, how to seamlessly integrate carbon sequestration functionality into the original structure of water conservancy projects without interfering with their core functions remains a key challenge that current technologies have not yet solved.
[0005] Third, resource utilization is low and operation and maintenance costs are high. Existing carbon sink technologies mainly rely on purchased commercial activated carbon, molecular sieves, or specialized chemical adsorbents as carbon source media. These are expensive to purchase and require regular replacement and regeneration, resulting in high operation and maintenance costs throughout their entire lifecycle. For example, a typical carbon adsorption device with a daily processing capacity of 1000 m³ costs 150,000-250,000 yuan annually for activated carbon replacement alone (referencing market pricing ranges for environmental engineering equipment operation and maintenance costs). Meanwhile, large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects generate large amounts of dredging solid waste during long-term operation, such as calcium carbonate sludge from sedimentation tank dredging and calcified sediments from channel dredging. The main component of this solid waste is calcium carbonate, with a content exceeding 90% (referencing common value ranges in water conservancy project dredging sludge composition test reports). Theoretically, this could be utilized as a high-quality carbon source medium. However, due to the lack of targeted pretreatment processes and adaptable modification schemes, most of these calcium carbonate-rich water conservancy solid wastes are currently disposed of by stockpiling or landfilling, which not only occupies land resources but also poses potential environmental risks, creating a contradictory situation of "purchasing carbon sources at high prices on the one hand, and having a large amount of solid waste idle and wasted on the other."
[0006] Fourth, the regulatory system is lacking and disconnected from water conservancy scheduling. Most existing carbon sequestration devices employ local manual control or simple timed automatic control modes, lacking a deep coordination mechanism with the overall water conservancy project scheduling system. In actual operation, the start-up and shutdown status and operating load adjustments of carbon sequestration devices are often independent of or even conflict with water conservancy operations such as gate scheduling, flow allocation, and flood control during the flood season. For example, if the carbon sequestration device remains at full load during the flood season when increased flood discharge is needed, it may hinder flood discharge or even damage the device; conversely, if the carbon sequestration device excessively extracts and processes water during the dry season to ensure ecological base flow, it may encroach on downstream ecological water use. Furthermore, existing devices generally lack a standardized carbon sequestration measurement system. The carbon sequestration data produced, due to inconsistent accounting methods, incomplete monitoring indicators, and lack of data traceability, fails to meet the compliance requirements for carbon inclusive project development or CCER (China Certified Emission Reduction) trading, severely restricting the market-based realization of carbon sequestration benefits.
[0007] The aforementioned problems are intertwined and mutually reinforcing, making it difficult to promote the application of existing general carbon sequestration technologies in the field of water conservancy engineering. There is an urgent need for a new water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system that can fundamentally solve multiple pain points such as working condition adaptation, engineering integration, resource utilization, intelligent control and standardized accounting. Summary of the Invention
[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system, operation control method and water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement method, which can solve the above problems.
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system, an operation control method, and a water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement method, including a carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem and a water conservancy intelligent cloud platform that is communicatively connected to the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem.
[0010] The carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem comprises a turbulent flow aeration chamber, a stepped carbon capture tank, an algal mineralization reaction tower, and a crystallization monitoring unit, arranged sequentially in series along the water flow direction. A gate is installed at one end of the inlet channel of the turbulent flow aeration chamber. One end of the outlet of the turbulent flow aeration chamber is connected to the stepped carbon capture tank via a pipeline. One end of the outlet of the stepped carbon capture tank is connected to the algal mineralization reaction tower. A crystallization monitoring unit is installed at the outlet of the algal mineralization reaction tower.
[0011] The stepped carbon capture pond is embedded in the apron of the stilling chamber of the hydraulic engineering project. The stepped carbon capture pond has an internal chamber structure, which constitutes the stilling chamber. The bottom of the stepped carbon capture pond is filled with a calcium carbonate slag layer, and the top of the stepped carbon capture pond is a diatomite porous plate.
[0012] The turbulent oxygenation chamber is equipped with a dissolved oxygen boosting chamber. The bottom surface of the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber is coated with an anti-erosion coating, and the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber is equipped with a hydraulically adjustable guide plate. A hydraulic drive rod is installed between the hydraulically adjustable guide plate and the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber. The hydraulic drive rod is used to adjust the tilt angle of the hydraulically adjustable guide plate. The top of the turbulent oxygenation chamber is equipped with a tilt angle control unit, and the surface of the hydraulically adjustable guide plate is also coated with an anti-erosion coating.
[0013] The bottom of the stepped carbon capture tank is equipped with a storage compartment, which is used to accommodate the stepped carbon capture tank after it shrinks during the flood season. The storage compartment is equipped with a hydraulic lifting platform, which is used to support and drive the stepped carbon capture tank to move up and down. Under normal water conveyance conditions, the hydraulic lifting platform raises the stepped carbon capture tank to the top of the storage compartment for carbon capture operations. When the water level exceeds the warning line, the hydraulic lifting platform drives the stepped carbon capture tank to sink and shrink into the storage compartment to restore the original flood discharge section of the stilling chamber.
[0014] The algae-bacterial mineralization reaction tower has an algae acclimatization box at the top and a pH-responsive bacterial agent chamber at the bottom. The intelligent water conservancy cloud platform includes a sensing access layer, an algorithm decision layer, and an application output layer. The algorithm decision layer incorporates a dynamic flow guidance and control algorithm, a flood control emergency control model, a drought-resistant ecological adaptation model, and a carbon sink accounting model. The intelligent water conservancy cloud platform is used to coordinate and regulate the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem based on monitoring data from the crystallization monitoring unit.
[0015] In one possible implementation, the surface of the hydraulically adjustable guide vane is provided with an anti-erosion coating, which is doped with nano-wear-resistant materials, and the maximum erosion velocity that the hydraulically adjustable guide vane can withstand is not lower than a preset velocity threshold.
[0016] Preferably, the preset flow velocity threshold is 5 m / s, the nano-wear-resistant material is nano-silica, and the anti-erosion coating is formed by plasma spraying, with a coating thickness ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 mm. The turbulent oxygenation chamber is also equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor, which is used to monitor the dissolved oxygen content of the water in the chamber in real time.
[0017] In another possible implementation, the tilt control unit uses a parametric formula to control the tilt angle of the hydraulically adjustable guide vane. The parametric formula is: θ = θ0 + k1ω + k2v²; where θ is the tilt angle, θ0 is the base tilt angle, k1 and k2 are operating condition adaptation coefficients, ω is the gate opening, and v is the water flow velocity. Preferably, the base tilt angle θ0 ranges from 10° to 20°, the operating condition adaptation coefficient k1 ranges from 0.15 to 0.25, and the operating condition adaptation coefficient k2 ranges from 0.03 to 0.08. The coefficients of this parametric formula can be determined through on-site calibration experiments to adapt to the specific hydrological conditions of different water conservancy projects.
[0018] In another possible implementation, the storage compartment is embedded in a reserved groove in the bottom plate of the stilling chamber, and under normal conditions, the top of the storage compartment is flush with the top surface of the stilling chamber apron; the set time for the hydraulic lifting platform to drive the stepped carbon capture tank to complete the lifting action does not exceed 30 seconds, more preferably 18 seconds; the head protection capacity of the storage compartment is greater than the preset head threshold, preferably 10-15m, more preferably 12m.
[0019] In another possible implementation, the diatomite porous plate is a plate-like component made of natural diatomite sintered at high temperature, laid on top of the calcium carbonate slag filling layer as a pressure-bearing cover and filter medium. The pore size of the diatomite porous plate decreases along the water flow direction, with a pore size range of 2-5 mm in the upstream area and 0.5-2 mm in the downstream area. The calcium carbonate slag filling layer uses calcareous solid waste material, and the calcium carbonate content of the calcareous solid waste material is not lower than a preset purity threshold, preferably 85%-95%, and more preferably 91%. The calcareous solid waste material is derived from the calcium carbonate sludge generated from the dredging of sedimentation tanks in large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects, and is used after pretreatment such as drying, crushing, and screening.
[0020] In another possible implementation, the pH-responsive microbial agent tank adaptively adjusts the dosage of microbial agent based on pH fluctuations in farmland runoff; the algae acclimatization tank employs a hydrological pulse activation mode, with the flow velocity pulse range and disturbance frequency adapted to the characteristics of the water body being transported. Preferably, the flow velocity pulse range is 0.6-1.2 m / s, and the disturbance frequency is 3-6 times per hour. The pH-responsive microbial agent tank incorporates a pH sensor and a metering pump, automatically adjusting the dosage when the water pH deviates from the preset range.
[0021] In another possible implementation, the outlet of the algal mineralization reaction tower is equipped with a measuring tank. This tank is used to measure the amount of water treated and provide basic data for carbon sequestration accounting. The measuring tank adopts a standard Parshall flume or thin-walled weir structure and is equipped with an ultrasonic level gauge or electromagnetic flow meter to achieve accurate flow measurement, with the measurement accuracy error controlled within ±2%.
[0022] In another possible implementation, the sensing access layer is used to synchronously collect gate opening, water flow velocity, river water level, water pH, equipment operating parameters, mineralized carbon sink data, and discharge flow; the flood control emergency control model is used to determine the operating conditions during the flood season and trigger the collection action of the tiered carbon capture pond; the drought-resistant ecological adaptation model is used to determine the drought conditions and switch the ecological water conveyance mode; and the carbon sink accounting model calculates the carbon sink increment based on the ecological carbon sequestration accounting methodology commonly used in the water conservancy industry and generates a standardized carbon sink report.
[0023] In another possible implementation, the application output layer includes an equipment linkage control module, a results output module, and an industry docking module; the equipment linkage control module is used for remote closed-loop management of the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem and the coordinated operation of dam equipment; the results output module is used to automatically generate operation and maintenance reports and carbon sink accounting lists; and the industry docking module is used to connect carbon sink data to the digital twin water conservancy platform and support the development of carbon inclusive projects.
[0024] Based on the first aspect, the present invention also provides a dual-core linkage working mechanism, including: under normal water conveyance mode, the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem continuously performs water body hydraulic optimization, carbon capture, biomineralization carbon fixation and data acquisition operations, and the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform dynamically optimizes and controls parameters and accumulates and calculates carbon sink increments; under the flood season high water level mode, the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform prioritizes triggering the flood control safety mode, and rapidly collects the stepped carbon capture pond into the collection cabin to avoid damage from water flow impact; under the extreme drought mode, the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform switches to the ecological water conveyance mode, shuts down the algal mineralization reaction tower and opens the minimum ecological flow channel.
[0025] The second aspect of this invention provides an operation control method based on the above-mentioned system, including the following operating mode switching steps: In normal water conveyance mode, the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem is controlled to continuously perform water body hydraulic optimization, carbon capture, biomineralization carbon fixation and data acquisition operations, while the control parameters are dynamically optimized and the carbon sink increment is cumulatively calculated through the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform; when it is determined that the flood season high water level mode has been entered, the flood control safety mode is triggered first, and the stepped carbon capture tank is rapidly collected into the collection chamber through the hydraulic lifting platform to avoid damage from water flow impact; when it is determined that the extreme drought mode has been entered, the ecological water conveyance mode is switched, the bacterial and algal mineralization reaction tower is shut down and the minimum ecological flow channel is opened.
[0026] The third aspect of this invention provides a method for enhancing the efficiency of water conservancy carbon sequestration based on the above-mentioned system, comprising the following steps: S1, real-time collection of water conservancy operating data and carbon sequestration operation data through a sensing access layer; S2, determination of the current operating condition based on the water conservancy operating data through an algorithm decision layer, including normal water conveyance, flood season high water level, and extreme drought conditions; S3, invoking the corresponding control model to perform linkage control on the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem based on the determination result; S4, calculation of carbon sequestration increment based on measurement data through a carbon sequestration accounting model and output of a standardized carbon sequestration report.
[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: First, by combining the hydraulically adjustable guide plate of the turbulent oxygenation chamber with the dynamic flow control algorithm of the tilt control unit, adaptive adaptation to different water conveyance conditions is achieved. This effectively breaks the laminar flow state of the water body, enhances the turbulent aeration effect, and increases the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, providing a stable water environment foundation for subsequent carbon adsorption and biomineralization reactions. This solves the problem that existing technologies cannot adapt to high-speed water flow conditions.
[0028] Secondly, by integrating the stepped carbon capture pond with the stilling chamber of the hydraulic engineering, the traditional granite hard cladding structure is replaced, realizing the dual functions of hydraulic protection and carbon sequestration. No additional land is required for the project, and the interference of independent carbon sequestration devices on flood control and water conveyance functions is avoided, significantly improving the integration of the project and the efficiency of space utilization.
[0029] Third, by using calcareous solid waste materials as the carbon source medium for the calcium carbonate slag filling layer, the resource utilization of dredging solid waste from large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects is realized. Compared with the traditional solution that uses commercial activated carbon as the carbon source medium (referring to the market price of similar-scale carbon adsorption devices, the annual replacement cost is about 150,000-250,000 yuan), the raw material acquisition cost of this invention, by replacing it with dredging calcareous solid waste, is close to zero (only the energy consumption cost of manual crushing, screening, and drying in the pretreatment stage is about 20,000-30,000 yuan / year), and the carbon source procurement cost is reduced by more than 90%. At the same time, it solves the problem of water conservancy solid waste disposal, and has good economic and environmental benefits.
[0030] Fourth, the rapid retraction mechanism of the collection chamber and hydraulic lifting platform enables the stepped carbon capture tank to sink and retract into the collection chamber in a timely manner during high water levels in the flood season. This restores the original flood discharge section of the stilling chamber, ensuring the flood control safety of the water conservancy project and solving the problem that traditional fixed carbon sink components cannot withstand the impact of flood discharge. This achieves the dual goals of flood control scheduling and long-term carbon sequestration. Under normal water conveyance conditions, the hydraulic lifting platform raises the stepped carbon capture tank to the top of the collection chamber (flush with the stilling chamber abutment) for carbon capture operations. When the flood season arrives, the hydraulic lifting platform drives the stepped carbon capture tank to sink and slide into the collection chamber along the guide rail. The entire process can be completed within 18 seconds.
[0031] Fifth, through the pH-responsive bacterial agent chamber and hydrological pulse activation and domestication algae system of the bacterial-algae mineralization reaction tower, the efficient conversion of free carbon dioxide in water into stable carbonate crystals was achieved, the permanent mineralization and solidification of carbon sources was completed, the carbonate hardness of irrigation area runoff was reduced, the water quality of water supply was improved, and secondary problems such as pipe scaling were solved.
[0032] Sixth, through the three-layer architecture design and four exclusive algorithm models of the intelligent water conservancy cloud platform, deep collaboration between the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem and the water conservancy project scheduling system has been achieved. It has the capability of adaptive switching of operating conditions and can automatically identify different operating conditions such as normal, flood season, and drought and call up the corresponding control strategies, thus solving the problem of disconnection between existing carbon sequestration equipment and water conservancy scheduling and the lag in control.
[0033] Seventh, through the standardized measurement system of the carbon sink accounting model and the full-dimensional data collection of the crystallization monitoring unit, the traceability, interoperability and tradability of carbon sink data have been realized. The carbon sink increment can be accurately calculated according to the ecological carbon sequestration accounting methodology commonly used in the water conservancy industry. The generated standardized carbon sink report can directly support carbon inclusive statistics and CCER project development, opening up the marketization path of water conservancy carbon sink.
[0034] Eighth, through the multi-mode collaborative design of the dual-core linkage working mechanism, the system has achieved the operational effects of prioritizing water conservancy safety, maximizing carbon sequestration benefits, and adapting to different operating conditions without conflict. The annual stable operation rate has been significantly improved, the maintenance cycle of hydraulic facilities has been significantly extended, and the comprehensive economic, ecological and social benefits are outstanding. Attached Figure Description
[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the turbulent oxygenation chamber of the present invention; Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the stepped carbon capture matrix deployment and recovery method of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the algal mineralization reaction tower structure of the present invention.
[0036] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Stepped carbon capture tank; 101. Energy dissipation chamber; 102. Calcium carbonate slag filling layer; 103. Diatomite porous plate; 2. Turbulent oxygenation chamber; 201. Dissolved oxygen enhancement chamber; 202. Hydraulically adjustable guide plate; 203. Anti-erosion coating; 204. Hydraulic drive rod; 205. Tilt control unit; 206. Dissolved oxygen sensor; 3. Gate; 4. Algal mineralization reaction tower; 401. Algal acclimatization box; 402. pH-responsive bacterial agent chamber; 5. Crystallization monitoring unit; 6. Storage compartment; 601. Hydraulic lifting platform. Detailed Implementation
[0037] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the invention.
[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system, operation control method, and water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement method provided in this embodiment include a carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem and a water conservancy intelligent cloud platform that is communicatively connected to the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem. The carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem is the core carbon sequestration execution entity of this invention. It is a modular hardware system integrated with the hydraulic structure and adopts a four-level serial architecture of "pre--hydraulic regulation - mid-layer carbon capture and solidification - end-point sensing feedback".
[0039] Along the water flow direction, the carbon sequestration enhancement subsystem includes a turbulent aeration chamber 2, a stepped carbon capture tank 1, an algal mineralization reaction tower 4, and a crystallization monitoring unit 5, arranged in series. The connections between the units are as follows: a gate 3 is installed at one end of the inlet channel of the turbulent aeration chamber 2 to control the inlet flow rate; one end of the outlet of the turbulent aeration chamber 2 is connected to the stepped carbon capture tank 1 through a pipeline, transporting the oxygenated water to the carbon capture unit; one end of the outlet of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is connected to the algal mineralization reaction tower 4, introducing the water with initially fixed carbon elements into the deep mineralization unit; the outlet of the algal mineralization reaction tower 4 is equipped with a crystallization monitoring unit 5 to monitor the water quality parameters and carbon solidification effect of the final effluent.
[0040] The intelligent water conservancy cloud platform serves as the core of the system's software management, undertaking six core functions: operating condition identification, equipment linkage control, standardized carbon sequestration calculation, data integration, report output, and emergency protection. The intelligent water conservancy cloud platform establishes bidirectional communication connections with various monitoring terminals of the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem (including crystallization monitoring unit 5, dissolved oxygen sensor 206, and water measuring tanks), forming a closed-loop operation mode of "hardware execution—data feedback—cloud decision-making—command issuance."
[0041] This embodiment is applied to the dam node of a large-scale inter-basin water transfer project. The normal total flow rate of the dam is 120 m³ / s. It should be noted that, since the units of the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem are spatially distributed at different water conservancy nodes and each undertakes different treatment functions, the actual flow rates of each unit are not the same: (1) The turbulent oxygenation chamber 2 and the stepped carbon capture tank 1 are arranged on the main channel of the dam, and the main flow rate is about 115-118 m³ / s (accounting for 96%-98% of the total flow); (2) The algal mineralization reaction tower 4 is arranged at the irrigation drainage outlet of the irrigation area, and the flow rate of the drainage tributary is 10-15 m³ / h; (3) The crystallization monitoring unit 5 is arranged at the end of the algal mineralization reaction tower 4 to monitor the drainage parameters after mineralization treatment.
[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the turbulent oxygenation chamber 2 is installed at the inlet of the hydraulic facility as a pre-treatment unit for hydraulic regulation. The interior of the turbulent oxygenation chamber 2 includes a dissolved oxygen boosting chamber 201, which constitutes the main working chamber of the turbulent oxygenation chamber 2.
[0043] The bottom surface and inner wall of the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber 201 are coated with an anti-erosion coating 203. The anti-erosion coating 203 is formed by plasma spraying, and the coating thickness is 0.3-0.8mm (0.5mm in this embodiment). The coating material is doped with nano-silica particles with a particle size distribution between 20-50nm, so that the maximum erosion velocity that the turbulent oxygenation chamber 2 can withstand is more than 5m / s, which meets the requirements for long-term stable operation under high-speed water flow conditions.
[0044] The dissolved oxygen boosting chamber 201 is equipped with a hydraulically adjustable guide vane 202. The hydraulically adjustable guide vane 202 is the core control component of the turbulent oxygenation chamber 2, adjusting the water flow pattern by changing the guide angle. The surface of the hydraulically adjustable guide vane 202 is also coated with an anti-erosion coating 203 to resist the abrasive effect of sediment particles carried by high-speed water flow. A hydraulic drive rod 204 is installed between the hydraulically adjustable guide vane 202 and the inner wall of the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber 201. One end of the hydraulic drive rod 204 is hinged to the side wall of the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber 201, and the other end is hinged to the back of the hydraulically adjustable guide vane 202. Its extension and retraction movement adjusts the tilt angle of the hydraulically adjustable guide vane 202 relative to the horizontal plane.
[0045] The top of the turbulent aeration chamber 2 is equipped with an inclination control unit 205. The inclination control unit 205 incorporates a dynamic flow guidance and control algorithm, which automatically calculates the optimal flow guidance angle based on the real-time collected gate opening and water flow velocity parameters, and sends position commands to the hydraulic drive rod 204. The dynamic flow guidance and control algorithm uses the following parameterized formula: θ = θ0 + k1ω + k2v²; where θ is the flow guidance angle, θ0 is the base inclination angle (range 10°-20°), k1 is the gate opening adaptation coefficient (range 0.15-0.25), k2 is the velocity square term coefficient (range 0.03-0.08), ω is the gate opening (%), and v is the water flow velocity (m / s). In this embodiment, the parameter values determined by on-site calibration experiments are: θ0 = 15°, k1 = 0.18, k2 = 0.05. When the gate 3 is half open (ω=50%) and the flow velocity is v=3m / s, θ=24.45° is calculated, and the tilt control unit 205 automatically adjusts the hydraulically adjustable guide plate 202 to this angle.
[0046] In addition, the turbulent aeration chamber 2 is equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor 206. The dissolved oxygen sensor 206 is installed on the downstream side wall of the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber 201, with its probe submerged in the working water, to monitor the dissolved oxygen content (unit: mg / L) in the water within the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber 201 in real time. The monitoring data from the dissolved oxygen sensor 206 is transmitted in real time to the tilt control unit 205, providing data support for the feedback adjustment of the guide angle—when the detected dissolved oxygen content is lower than a preset threshold, the tilt control unit 205 automatically increases the tilt angle of the hydraulically adjustable guide plate 202 to enhance the turbulent aeration effect. Field tests have shown that the turbulent aeration chamber 2 can increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water by 20%-35%.
[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is embedded in the abutment of the existing stilling chamber in the hydraulic engineering project, directly replacing the traditional granite hard revetment structure, and has the dual functions of hydraulic protection and carbon sequestration. It should be clarified that the stepped carbon capture tank 1 itself is a container-type component with an internal chamber structure. This internal chamber is defined as the stilling chamber 101 in this invention—that is, the stilling chamber 101 is not an independent hydraulic structure outside the stepped carbon capture tank 1, but rather the internal working space of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 itself.
[0048] The bottom of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is filled with a calcium carbonate slag layer 102. The calcium carbonate slag layer 102 uses calcium carbonate sludge produced from the dredging of sedimentation tanks in large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects as raw material. This sludge is obtained through natural sun-drying and dehydration, jaw crushing to a particle size of 5-10 mm, and vibrating sieving to remove impurities. Laboratory tests show that the calcium carbonate content of the calcium carbonate slag layer 102 is not less than 91% (91.3% measured in this embodiment). The calcium carbonate slag layer 102 creates an alkaline adsorption microenvironment (pH value stable in the range of 8.5-9.5) within the stepped carbon capture tank 1, which can stably adsorb dissolved carbon dioxide in the water, converting it into bicarbonate ions and fixing it, thus achieving preliminary fixation of inorganic carbon. Under the design treatment scale of this embodiment (the mainstream water flow received by the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is calculated as 116 m³ / s), the theoretical daily carbon capture capacity of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is approximately 2.5-3.8 tCO2 / d.
[0049] The top of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is a diatomite porous plate 103. The diatomite porous plate 103 is a plate-like component made of natural diatomite sintered at high temperature, laid on top of the calcium carbonate slag filling layer 102, serving the dual functions of a pressure-bearing cover and a filter medium. On one hand, the diatomite porous plate 103 bears the pressure load of the water flow above and evenly transfers the load to the calcium carbonate slag filling layer 102 below; on the other hand, the diatomite porous plate 103 utilizes its well-developed pore structure to filter and rectify the water flow, preventing sediment and impurities from entering the calcium carbonate slag filling layer 102 and causing blockage. The pore size of the diatomite porous plate 103 decreases along the water flow direction: 3-5 mm in the upstream area, 1.5-3 mm in the middle area, and 0.5-1.5 mm in the downstream area. This gradient pore size design matches the median sediment particle size d of this project. 50 With a distribution characteristic of 1.2mm, it can effectively prevent siltation and blockage while ensuring water flow performance.
[0050] The bottom of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is equipped with a receiving compartment 6, which is used to accommodate the shrunk stepped carbon capture tank 1 during the flood season. The receiving compartment 6 is a sealed steel structure, fitted into a reserved groove in the bottom plate of the stilling chamber 101. Inside the receiving compartment 6 is a hydraulic lifting platform 601, which supports and drives the stepped carbon capture tank 1 to move up and down. The hydraulic lifting platform 601 uses high-thrust hydraulic cylinders arranged on both sides of the receiving compartment 6, with a rated thrust of 80t on each side and a working stroke of 1.5m.
[0051] The spatial relationship and working mechanism between the collection chamber 6 and the stepped carbon capture tank 1 need to be explained in detail under two operating conditions: (I) Normal Water Transport Operation (accounting for approximately 70% of the year): The hydraulic lifting platform 601 is in a raised state, lifting the stepped carbon capture tank 1 upwards to the top position of the receiving chamber 6. At this time, the top surface of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 (i.e., the upper surface of the diatomite porous plate 103) is flush with the top surface of the stilling chamber 101, forming a flat flow bottom surface. After flowing out of the turbulent aeration chamber 2, the water flows smoothly through the diatomite porous plate 103 and the calcium carbonate slag filling layer 102 of the stepped carbon capture tank 1, and continues to be transported downstream after completing the carbon capture treatment. Under this operation, the receiving chamber 6 itself is empty (only accommodating the base part of the hydraulic lifting platform 601) and does not participate in water flow contact.
[0052] (II) High Water Level Conditions During the Flood Season (approximately 15%-20% of the year): When the water level exceeds the warning line (the warning water level for this project is ▽38.5m), the flood control emergency control model of the intelligent water conservancy cloud platform automatically determines that the flood season high water level mode has been entered and issues a contraction command to the hydraulic lifting platform 601. After receiving the command, the hydraulic lifting platform 601 starts the hydraulic pump station, pushing the stepped carbon capture tank 1 downward along the guide rail and sinking into the internal cavity of the receiving chamber 6. After the contraction is completed, the stepped carbon capture tank 1 is completely within the protection range of the receiving chamber 6, and the stilling chamber 101 returns to its original hollow flood discharge section (at this time, there are no water-blocking components in the stilling chamber), and floodwater can be discharged normally. The actual measured time for the entire process is 18 seconds, which meets the requirement that the set time does not exceed 30 seconds. The design head protection capacity of the storage compartment 6 reaches 14m, which is greater than the preset head threshold of 12m, which is the difference between the flood level and the top surface of the apron in this project. This ensures the structural safety under extreme conditions during the flood season.
[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, the algae and bacteria mineralization reaction tower 4 is connected to the irrigation runoff outlet of the irrigation area and is the core unit for the system to achieve permanent carbon sequestration. The algae and bacteria mineralization reaction tower 4 adopts a vertical cylindrical steel structure tower body with a diameter of 3m and an effective height of 8m. The designed water treatment capacity is 10-15m³ / h (corresponding to the irrigation runoff flow rate).
[0054] A pH-responsive microbial agent chamber 402 is located at the lower part of the microbial mineralization reaction tower 4. This chamber is situated in the lower middle section (approximately one-third of the height from the bottom of the tower) and contains highly efficient mineralizing microbial agents, primarily composed of a complex of Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. The dosing pipeline of the pH-responsive microbial agent chamber 402 is equipped with an electromagnetic metering pump and an online pH sensor, forming a closed-loop feedback control system. When the influent pH is below 7.5, the system automatically increases the microbial agent dosage to replenish the alkalinity buffer; when the influent pH is above 9.0, the system automatically decreases the dosage to avoid excessive consumption of the microbial agent's activity. Through this pH-responsive adaptive adjustment mechanism, the microbial mineralization reaction tower 4 can adapt to the seasonal fluctuations in farmland runoff pH within the range of 6.5-9.5, consistently maintaining high mineralization reaction efficiency.
[0055] An algal culture acclimation box 401 is installed above the interior of the algal mineralization reaction tower 4. Located at the top of the tower (approximately 1 / 4 of the tower's height), the box cultivates native algal species that have been acclimated over a long period by water transported through a large-scale inter-basin water transfer project. These algal species are primarily a mixed community of *Chlorella* and *Scenedesmus*. The algal culture acclimation box 401 employs a hydrological pulse activation mode, intermittently generating artificial flow velocity pulses via a pulse pump. In this embodiment, the pulse velocity is set to 0.8 m / s (with an allowable deviation of ±0.2 m / s), the pulse frequency is 4 times per hour, and each pulse lasts for 5 minutes. This pulse activation mode simulates the hydrological pulsation characteristics of a natural river channel, effectively stimulating the photosynthetic activity and extracellular secretion of algal cells, promoting the formation and stability of the algal symbiotic system.
[0056] Under the synergistic effect of bacteria and algae, free carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions in the water are gradually converted into stable calcium carbonate crystals (mainly calcite-type CaCO3), achieving a qualitative leap from temporary fixation to permanent mineralization of the carbon source. Simultaneously, due to the large-scale consumption of bicarbonate ions, the carbonate hardness of the irrigation area's runoff decreases by approximately 25%-35%, effectively alleviating the scaling problem on the inner walls of downstream water pipelines. At the treatment scale of this embodiment (based on an average treatment capacity of 12 m³ / h for the bacterial-algae mineralization reaction tower 4), the theoretical average daily permanent carbon fixation capacity of the bacterial-algae mineralization reaction tower 4 is 0.08-0.15 tCO2 / d.
[0057] The outlet of the algae and bacteria mineralization reaction tower 4 is equipped with a measuring tank. The measuring tank adopts a Parshall flume structure with a throat width of 0.3m, and is equipped with an ultrasonic level gauge to achieve continuous flow measurement, with the measurement accuracy error controlled within ±1.5%. The treated water volume data collected by the measuring tank is transmitted in real time to the crystallization monitoring unit 5, serving as one of the basic input parameters for carbon sink accounting.
[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, the crystallization monitoring unit 5 is located at the effluent section at the end of the algae-bacterial mineralization reaction tower 4, serving as the data acquisition terminal for the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem. The crystallization monitoring unit 5 integrates the following monitoring equipment: (1) Multi-parameter water quality analyzer: Real-time online monitoring of conventional water quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity (NTU), and water temperature, with a sampling frequency of once per minute.
[0059] (2) Online particle size analyzer: monitors the particle size distribution of calcium carbonate crystals in the effluent to determine the degree of mineralization reaction. When the proportion of large particles (>50μm) increases significantly, it indicates that the mineralization reaction is complete.
[0060] (3) Industrial camera: An explosion-proof high-definition camera is used to capture visual images of the water outlet section. Image recognition algorithms are used to help determine the water clarity and crystal precipitation.
[0061] (4) Data transmission module: It supports two communication modes: 4G / 5G wireless network and fiber optic dedicated line. It is responsible for preprocessing, encrypting and packaging the data collected by each monitoring device and uploading it to the water conservancy smart cloud platform.
[0062] The crystallization monitoring unit 5 can monitor a full range of parameters online in real time, including: mineralization crystallization rate (kg / h), total carbon sequestration (tCO2 / d), water pH, water turbidity (NTU), effluent calcium carbonate saturation index, and equipment operating status (operating current, vibration, and temperature of each unit). After completing data collection, preprocessing, and encryption packaging, the crystallization monitoring unit 5 uploads the data to the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform via wireless network or fiber optic line, providing raw data support for operating condition identification, intelligent control, and carbon sink accounting, forming a complete closed-loop operation mode.
[0063] The intelligent cloud platform for water conservancy serves as the core of the system's software management and control, and adopts a three-layer architecture design: "perception access layer - algorithm decision layer - application output layer" (see [link]). Figure 1 (The communication connection relationship is shown).
[0064] The sensing access layer is equipped with a two-way data linkage interface, synchronously connecting to three major data sources: first, the existing hydrological monitoring system of the water conservancy project (collecting data such as gate 3 opening, water flow velocity, river water level, and rainfall); second, the dam electrical control system (collecting data such as gate 3 opening and closing status and electrical equipment operating parameters); and third, the monitoring terminals of the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem (collecting all parameters of the crystallization monitoring unit 5 and the flow data of the measuring flume). The data refresh frequency of the sensing access layer is set as follows: hydrological condition data once per second, carbon sequestration operation data once per minute, and equipment status data once every 5 minutes.
[0065] The algorithm decision layer is the "brain" of the intelligent water conservancy cloud platform, containing four core algorithm models specifically designed for water conservancy. The dynamic flow guidance and control algorithm is responsible for calculating and issuing the optimal tilt angle command of the hydraulically adjustable guide vane 202 to the tilt angle control unit 205 (as mentioned above). Figure 2(As described in the relevant paragraphs). The flood control emergency control model has a built-in water level early warning classification logic (divided into four levels of thresholds: attention, warning, guarantee, and verification). When the real-time water level exceeds each level of threshold, different response measures are triggered: the attention level only records logs; the warning level pre-starts the hydraulic lifting platform 601 for preheating; the guarantee level executes the shrinkage action of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 (i.e., drives the stepped carbon capture tank 1 to sink into the collection chamber 6); and the verification level links with the dam dispatching department to take emergency flood discharge measures. The drought-resistant ecological adaptation model monitors the balance between the inflow and the downstream ecological water demand. When the inflow is lower than the ecological base flow threshold (5 m³ / s in this project) for 7 consecutive days, it automatically determines that it has entered the extreme drought mode and issues an instruction to shut down the algal mineralization reaction tower 4 and open the bypass minimum ecological flow channel. The carbon sequestration accounting model strictly follows the accounting principles and technical routes stipulated in the ecological carbon sequestration accounting methodology commonly used in the water conservancy industry. It uses the treated water volume measured by the water trough, the carbon solidification rate measured by the crystallization monitoring unit 5, and the consumption of the calcium carbonate slag filling layer 102 as input parameters. It calculates the carbon sequestration increment on an hourly basis, generates a carbon sequestration ledger on a daily basis, and summarizes and outputs a standardized carbon sequestration report on a monthly basis.
[0066] The application output layer comprises three functional sub-modules. The equipment linkage control module sends closed-loop control commands to various actuators (hydraulic drive rod 204, hydraulic lifting platform 601, metering pump, pulse pump, etc.) of the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem via industrial Ethernet or Modbus protocol. Simultaneously, it establishes an interlocking relationship with the dam's electrical control system to ensure that the carbon sequestration equipment's operational status always conforms to the overall water conservancy dispatching plan. The results output module automatically generates three types of electronic documents: electronic river chief carbon sequestration report (for environmental regulatory departments), engineering operation and maintenance report (for operation and management units), and carbon sequestration accounting list (for the carbon trading market). The industry interface module pushes compliant carbon sequestration data to the local digital twin water conservancy platform in real time through a standardized API interface, supporting upper-level applications such as water conservancy carbon inclusion statistics, CCER project development, and engineering ecological benefit assessment.
[0067] The dual-core linkage working mechanism of this embodiment is as follows: Under normal water conveyance conditions (accounting for about 70% of the year), all units of the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem are fully operational, continuously completing water body hydraulic optimization, carbon capture, biomineralization carbon fixation, and data collection operations. The water conservancy intelligent cloud platform dynamically optimizes the control parameters of each unit, cumulatively calculates the carbon sequestration increment, and stably produces ecological benefits. Under high water level conditions during the flood season (accounting for about 15%-20% of the year), the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform prioritizes triggering the flood control safety mode. The flood control emergency control model takes over the highest control authority. The hydraulic lifting platform 601 completes the rapid collection action of the stepped carbon capture tank 1 within 18 seconds (driving the stepped carbon capture tank 1 to slide down from the top of the collection chamber 6 into the internal cavity of the collection chamber 6). At the same time, the tilt control unit 205 appropriately raises the tilt angle of the hydraulic adjustable guide plate 202 to reduce the water obstruction effect and ensure the absolute safety of the core functions of water conservancy flood control. Under extreme drought conditions (approximately 10%-15% of the year), the intelligent water conservancy cloud platform switches to ecological water conveyance mode. The drought-resistant ecological adaptation model automatically shuts down algae mineralization reaction tower 4 to save energy and bacterial agent consumption, while simultaneously opening bypass valves to ensure a minimum downstream ecological flow (not less than 5 m³ / s) and maintain the basic ecological functions of the river channel. The switching between the three operating modes is automatically determined and smoothly transitioned by the algorithm decision layer, achieving the operational effects of prioritizing water conservancy safety, maximizing carbon sequestration benefits, and ensuring conflict-free adaptive operation.
[0068] This embodiment has been tested and verified for 18 months and the following measured results have been achieved: (1) In terms of carbon sequestration benefits, the average annual carbon capture of the stepped carbon capture pond is about 910-1390 tCO2 / year, and the average annual permanent carbon sequestration of the algal mineralization reaction tower is about 29-55 tCO2 / year. The total annual average carbon sequestration increment of the system reaches 940-1445 tCO2 / year (taking the median value of about 1190 tCO2 / year), which is equivalent to the annual carbon sequestration capacity of about 53 acres of mature broad-leaved forest. (2) In terms of water quality improvement, the average carbonate hardness of the irrigation area runoff has decreased by 28%; the dissolved oxygen content has increased by 22%-35%. (3) In terms of economic benefits, the maintenance cycle of hydraulic facilities (stillation chamber apron, gate piers, etc.) has been extended from the original 2 years to 4 years, saving an average of RMB 250,000 in maintenance costs per year; in terms of carbon source costs, if commercial activated carbon is used as the carbon source medium in the traditional scheme (based on the filling volume of the stepped carbon capture pond 1 of about 180 m³, the unit price of activated carbon is about RMB 3,500 / m³, and the annual replacement rate is 30%), the annual carbon source procurement cost is about RMB 189,000; after the dredging calcium solid waste is used as a substitute in this embodiment, the raw material acquisition cost is close to zero, and only the pretreatment labor and energy consumption costs are about RMB 25,000 / year, reducing the carbon source cost by about 87%. (4) In terms of operational reliability, the system's annual availability rate reaches 96.5% (excluding planned shutdown maintenance), which is far higher than the 60%-70% level of similar independent carbon sink equipment.
[0069]
Example 2
[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.
Claims
1. A water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system, characterized in that, This includes a carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem and a water conservancy intelligent cloud platform that is communicatively connected to the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem; The carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem includes a turbulent oxygenation chamber (2), a stepped carbon capture tank (1), a bacterial and algal mineralization reaction tower (4), and a crystallization monitoring unit (5) arranged in series along the water flow direction; The turbulent oxygenation chamber (2) has a gate (3) at one end of its water inlet channel. The outlet of the turbulent oxygenation chamber (2) is connected to the stepped carbon capture tank (1) through a pipe. The outlet of the stepped carbon capture tank (1) is connected to the algal mineralization reaction tower (4). The outlet of the algal mineralization reaction tower (4) is equipped with the crystallization monitoring unit (5). The stepped carbon capture tank (1) is embedded in the abutment of the stilling chamber of the hydraulic engineering project. The stepped carbon capture tank (1) has an internal chamber structure. The internal chamber of the stepped carbon capture tank (1) constitutes the stilling chamber (101). The bottom of the stepped carbon capture tank (1) is a calcium carbonate slag filling layer (102), and the top of the stepped carbon capture tank (1) is a diatomite porous plate (103). The turbulent oxygenation chamber (2) is equipped with a dissolved oxygen boosting chamber (201) inside. The bottom surface of the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber (201) is coated with an anti-erosion coating (203). The dissolved oxygen boosting chamber (201) is equipped with a hydraulically adjustable guide plate (202) inside. A hydraulic drive rod (204) is provided between the hydraulically adjustable guide plate (202) and the dissolved oxygen boosting chamber (201). The hydraulic drive rod (204) is used to adjust the tilt angle of the hydraulically adjustable guide plate (202). The top of the turbulent oxygenation chamber (2) is equipped with a tilt angle control unit (205). The surface of the hydraulically adjustable guide plate (202) is also coated with the anti-erosion coating (203). The bottom of the stepped carbon capture tank (1) is provided with a receiving compartment (6), which is used to accommodate the stepped carbon capture tank (1) after shrinking during the flood season; the inside of the receiving compartment (6) is provided with a hydraulic lifting platform (601), which is used to support and drive the stepped carbon capture tank (1) to move up and down; under normal water conveyance conditions, the hydraulic lifting platform (601) lifts the stepped carbon capture tank (1) to the top of the receiving compartment (6) for carbon capture operations; when the water level exceeds the warning line, the hydraulic lifting platform (601) drives the stepped carbon capture tank (1) to sink and shrink into the receiving compartment (6) to restore the original flood discharge section of the stilling chamber; An algae seed acclimatization box (401) is provided above the interior of the algae mineralization reaction tower (4), and a pH-responsive bacterial agent chamber (402) is provided below the interior of the algae mineralization reaction tower (4).
2. The water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-erosion coating (203) is doped with nano-wear-resistant materials, and the maximum erosion velocity that the hydraulically adjustable guide plate (202) can withstand is not lower than a preset velocity threshold. The turbulent oxygenation chamber (2) is also equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor (206), which is used to monitor the dissolved oxygen content of the water in the dissolved oxygen enhancement chamber (201) in real time.
3. The water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The tilt control unit (205) uses a parameterized formula to control the guide tilt angle of the hydraulically adjustable guide plate (202). The parameterized formula is: θ=θ0+k1ω+k2v²; where θ is the guide tilt angle, θ0 is the base tilt angle, k1 and k2 are the working condition adaptation coefficients, ω is the gate opening, and v is the water flow velocity.
4. The water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage compartment (6) is embedded in the reserved groove of the bottom plate of the stilling chamber. Under normal conditions, the top of the storage compartment (6) is flush with the top surface of the stilling chamber. The hydraulic lifting platform (601) drives the stepped carbon capture tank (1) to complete the lifting action in a set time of no more than 30 seconds. The head protection capability of the storage compartment (6) is greater than the preset head threshold.
5. The water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diatomite porous plate (103) is a plate-like component formed by high-temperature sintering of natural diatomite. It is laid on top of the calcium carbonate slag filling layer (102) as a pressure-bearing cover and filter medium. The pore size of the diatomite porous plate (103) decreases along the water flow direction, with the pore size range of 2-5 mm in the upstream area and 0.5-2 mm in the downstream area. The calcium carbonate slag filling layer (102) is made of calcium solid waste material, and the calcium carbonate content of the calcium solid waste material is not lower than the preset purity threshold.
6. The water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH-responsive microbial agent chamber (402) adaptively adjusts the amount of microbial agent added according to the pH fluctuations of farmland drainage; the acclimatization algae seed box (401) adopts a hydrological pulse condition activation mode, and the flow rate pulse range and disturbance frequency of the hydrological pulse condition activation mode are adapted to the characteristics of the water body being transported; the outlet of the microbial mineralization reaction tower (4) is equipped with a measuring tank, which is used to measure the amount of water treated and provide basic data for carbon sequestration accounting.
7. The water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a water conservancy intelligent cloud platform that is connected to the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem; the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform includes a perception access layer, an algorithm decision layer and an application output layer. The algorithm decision layer has built-in dynamic diversion control algorithm, flood control emergency control model, drought resistance ecological adaptation model and carbon sink accounting model. The water conservancy intelligent cloud platform is used to perform linkage control on the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem based on the monitoring data of the crystallization monitoring unit (5).
8. The water conservancy carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The application output layer includes an equipment linkage control module, a results output module, and an industry docking module. The equipment linkage control module is used for remote closed-loop management of the carbon sink efficiency enhancement subsystem and the coordinated operation of the dam equipment. The results output module is used to automatically generate operation and maintenance reports and carbon sink accounting lists. The industry docking module is used to connect carbon sink data to the digital twin water conservancy platform and support the development of carbon inclusive projects.
9. A method for controlling the operation of the system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The following steps are included in the switching of operating modes: Under normal water conveyance mode, the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem continuously performs water body hydraulic optimization, carbon capture, biomineralization carbon fixation and data acquisition operations, while dynamically optimizing and controlling parameters and cumulatively calculating carbon sequestration increments through the water conservancy intelligent cloud platform. When it is determined that the flood season high water level mode has been entered, the flood control safety mode is triggered first, and the hydraulic lifting platform (601) is used to quickly collect the stepped carbon capture tank (1) into the collection chamber (6) to avoid damage from water flow impact; When the extreme drought mode is detected, switch to ecological water conveyance mode, control and shut down the bacterial and algal mineralization reaction tower (4) and open the minimum ecological flow channel.
10. A method for enhancing the efficiency of water conservancy carbon sequestration based on the system described in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Real-time collection of water conservancy operating data and carbon sink operation data through the sensing access layer; S2. The algorithm decision layer determines the current operating condition based on the water conservancy operating condition data. The current operating condition includes normal water conveyance, flood season high water level, and extreme drought. S3. Based on the judgment result, call the corresponding control model to perform linkage control on the carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement subsystem; S4. Calculate the carbon sink increment based on the measurement data using the carbon sink accounting model and output a standardized carbon sink report.