An ecological composite dust suppressant for tailings ponds and a preparation method and use method thereof

Abstract

The application provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailing ponds and a preparation method and use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of environmental protection and dust pollution prevention and control. The total mass of the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant is 100%, and the composite dust suppressant comprises the following components: polyvinyl acetate 1-1.5%, industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride 0.5-1%, SiO2 0.1-0.3%, biological enzyme preparation microcapsule 0.05-0.1%, hindered amine light stabilizer 0.2-0.4%, and the balance is water. The application systematically solves the problem that the existing dust suppressant has single function and lacks comprehensive consideration of strong wind erosion, strong ultraviolet radiation, ecological sensitivity and other special environments of the tailing pond. While each component plays its own role, it realizes the unity of high strength, long-term effect, degradability and weather resistance of the dust suppression film through mutual cooperation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of environmental protection and dust pollution control, and in particular to an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, its preparation method and application method. Background Technology

[0002] Tailings ponds have become a major source of danger and pollution in the mining industry. Tailings particles are fine, and after long-term storage and drying within tailings ponds, they are easily stirred up by wind, forming dust and polluting the surrounding atmosphere. Therefore, effectively controlling tailings pond dust pollution is of significant environmental importance.

[0003] Currently, commonly used dust suppression methods in industry include physical covering, water spraying, and chemical dust suppression. Physical covering is difficult to completely suppress dust diffusion, while water spraying has limited dust suppression effect and a short moisturizing time. Compared with the above methods, chemical dust suppression has the advantages of high dust suppression efficiency and long-lasting effect, but traditional chemical dust suppressants often have the problems of being environmentally unfriendly or costly.

[0004] Existing dust suppressants mostly employ single polymer film-forming or moisture-absorbing mechanisms, lacking a systematic consideration of the unique environmental conditions of tailings ponds (such as strong wind erosion, strong ultraviolet radiation, and ecological sensitivity). Furthermore, traditional dust suppressants struggle to simultaneously achieve dust suppression effectiveness and biodegradability; residual film layers after spraying may have long-term effects on tailings sand. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a composite dust suppressant that is highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable, to better adapt to the complex and variable dust environment of tailings ponds and achieve a balance between effective dust suppression and ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, as well as its preparation and application methods, to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: This application provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, comprising, based on the total mass of the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant as 100%, 1-1.5% polyvinyl acetate, 0.5-1% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride, 0.1-0.3% SiO2, 0.05-0.1% microcapsules of biological enzyme preparation, 0.2-0.4% hindered amine light stabilizer, and the balance being water.

[0007] Optionally, the polyvinyl acetate includes water-soluble polyvinyl acetate.

[0008] Optionally, the effective content of the industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride is not less than 74 wt%.

[0009] Optionally, the SiO2 includes nano-SiO2; The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 10-50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​not less than 200 m². 2 / g.

[0010] Optionally, the bio-enzyme microcapsules include esterases and / or lipases.

[0011] Optionally, the hindered amine light stabilizer includes HS-962.

[0012] This application also provides a method for preparing an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, comprising: Water was mixed with the hindered amine light stabilizer under stirring to obtain a stabilizer solution; The SiO2, calcium chloride, polyvinyl acetate, and the bio-enzyme microcapsules are added sequentially to the stabilizer solution to obtain the eco-friendly composite dust suppressant.

[0013] Optionally, the stirring speed is 100-300 r / min.

[0014] Optionally, after adding the SiO2, ultrasonic dispersion is performed. The ultrasonic dispersion power is 200-500W, the frequency is 20-40kHz, and the time is 10-15min.

[0015] Optionally, the stirring time after adding the polyvinyl acetate is 10-20 minutes.

[0016] Optionally, the stirring time after adding the bio-enzyme microcapsules is 5-10 minutes.

[0017] This application also provides a method for using an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, comprising: spraying the ecological composite dust suppressant onto the dam slope or dry beach of the tailings pond to form a continuous consolidation film layer on the tailings surface, wherein the film layer can be repaired by re-spraying.

[0018] Optionally, the spraying rate of the eco-friendly composite dust suppressant is 1.0-1.5 L / m³. 2 .

[0019] Optionally, a drone can be used to carry out the spraying operation. The spraying system is equipped with GPS positioning and wind speed compensation algorithms to achieve precise and uniform spraying.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include: This application provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds. It integrates five functional components—polyvinyl acetate, calcium chloride, nano-SiO2, bio-enzyme microcapsules, and hindered amine light stabilizer—into a single system, forming a synergistic mechanism of "film formation, moisturizing, enhancement, degradation, and anti-aging." It also constructs a four-fold synergistic system of "moisture absorption and retention, film formation and consolidation, ionic cross-linking, and light stabilization," significantly improving dust suppression efficiency, extending its effective period, and greatly enhancing its wind erosion resistance. This systematically solves the problems of existing dust suppressants having single functions and lacking comprehensive consideration of the special environments of tailings ponds, such as strong wind erosion, strong ultraviolet radiation, and ecological sensitivity. While each component performs its individual function, they work together to achieve a unified high strength, long-lasting effect, biodegradability, and weather resistance in the dust suppression film.

[0021] In the preparation method provided in this application, by limiting the order of material addition, the hindered amine light stabilizer is dissolved first to ensure that it is uniformly dispersed in the system, providing a stable medium environment for the subsequent addition of other components; the bio-enzyme microcapsules are added in the last step, avoiding damage to the microcapsule structure caused by prolonged stirring and high shear force, thus ensuring the integrity of the microcapsules and their delayed release function; the overall preparation process is a room temperature physical mixing process, which is simple to operate, suitable for large-scale production, and does not require heating, pressurization, or complex equipment, thereby reducing production energy consumption and costs.

[0022] The ecological composite dust suppressant provided in this application is specifically applied to two typical dust-generating areas in tailings ponds: slopes susceptible to rain erosion and dry beaches susceptible to wind erosion. After spraying, the dust suppressant forms a continuous, consolidated layer on the tailings surface. This film has a certain degree of flexibility and self-healing potential. Damage to the film can be repaired by re-spraying. After localized damage, re-spraying new liquid can fuse with the old film and re-consolidate, eliminating the need to remove the old film and significantly reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of this application.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the preparation process of the eco-friendly composite dust suppressant provided in the embodiments; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a drone precision spraying system in operation; Figure 3 The effect diagram after 60 days of spraying the ecological composite dust suppressant provided in Example 1 onto the tailings dam. Detailed Implementation

[0025] As used in this article: "Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", or any other variations thereof as used herein are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that includes the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.

[0026] The conjunction "composed of..." excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or components. If used in a claim, this phrase makes the claim closed, excluding materials other than those described, except for associated conventional impurities. When the phrase "composed of..." appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following it, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0027] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any upper or preferred value with any lower or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. For example, when the range “1–5” is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including ranges “1–4”, “1–3”, “1–2”, “1–2 and 4–5”, “1–3 and 5”, etc. When numerical ranges are described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.

[0028] In these embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the portions and percentages are all by weight.

[0029] "Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement that expresses the mass ratio of multiple components. One part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that component A has "a" parts by mass and component B has "b" parts by mass, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it can mean that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (where K is any number representing a multiplier). It is important to understand that, unlike parts by mass, the sum of the mass parts of all components is not limited to 100 parts.

[0030] "And / or" is used to indicate that one or both of the described situations may occur, for example, A and / or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).

[0031] To better explain the technical solution provided in this application, the technical solution provided in this application will be described in general before the specific implementation.

[0032] In a first aspect, this application provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, comprising, based on the total mass of the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant as 100%, 1-1.5% polyvinyl acetate, 0.5-1% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride, 0.1-0.3% SiO2, 0.05-0.1% microcapsules of biological enzyme preparation, 0.2-0.4% hindered amine light stabilizer, and the balance being water.

[0033] Optionally, based on the total mass of the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant as 100%: the amount of polyvinyl acetate can be 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or any value between 1% and 1.5%; the amount of calcium chloride can be 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, or any value between 0.5% and 1.0%; the amount of SiO2 can be 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, or any value between 0.1% and 0.3%; the amount of bio-enzyme microcapsules can be 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, or any value between 0.05% and 0.1%; and the amount of hindered amine light stabilizer can be 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or any value between 0.2% and 0.4%.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the polyvinyl acetate comprises a water-soluble polyvinyl acetate.

[0035] Using water-soluble polyvinyl acetate as the film-forming consolidation substrate allows for uniform dispersion and film formation in an aqueous system, avoiding the environmental pollution and increased costs associated with using organic solvents. Simultaneously, ionic cross-linking can occur between the water-soluble polyvinyl acetate and calcium ions dissolved from calcium chloride, further enhancing the density of the three-dimensional network structure of the film. This improves the wind erosion resistance and service life of the dust suppression film, providing a material basis for the dual mechanisms of "film formation consolidation" and "ionic cross-linking" in the four-fold synergistic system.

[0036] In one optional embodiment, the effective content of the industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride is not less than 74 wt%.

[0037] Industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride is used as the moisture-absorbing and retaining component. Its strong hygroscopic properties keep the tailings surface moist, suppressing dust emission and forming a "moisture-absorbing and water-retaining" mechanism within a four-fold synergistic system. Simultaneously, the calcium ions dissolved from the calcium chloride can undergo ionic cross-linking with the polar groups on the polyvinyl acetate molecular chain, improving the mechanical strength and wind erosion resistance of the film. Compared to high-content calcium chloride dust suppressants, this application uses only 0.5-1% calcium chloride, avoiding the corrosion problems to soil and equipment caused by high-content calcium chloride, and achieving a balance between moisture-absorbing and water-retaining functions and eco-friendliness.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, the SiO2 comprises nano-SiO2; The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 10-50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​not less than 200 m². 2 / g.

[0039] Optionally, the particle size of nano-silica can be 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, or any value between 10 and 50 nm; the specific surface area of ​​nano-silica can be not less than 200 m². 2 Any value of / g.

[0040] Nano-SiO2 with specific particle size and specific surface area is used as a nanofiller to fill the micropores of polyvinyl acetate film, thereby improving the film's density and wind erosion resistance and adapting it to the strong wind erosion environment of tailings ponds. On the other hand, nano-SiO2 can act as an ultraviolet light scattering center, forming a physical-chemical dual anti-aging mechanism with hindered amine light stabilizers, thus delaying the photo-oxidative degradation of the film and extending the dust suppression cycle.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, the bio-enzyme microcapsules comprise esterases and / or lipases.

[0042] In one alternative embodiment, the hindered amine light stabilizer includes HS-962.

[0043] Secondly, this application also provides a method for preparing an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, comprising: Water was mixed with the hindered amine light stabilizer under stirring to obtain a stabilizer solution; The SiO2, calcium chloride, polyvinyl acetate, and the bio-enzyme microcapsules are added sequentially to the stabilizer solution to obtain the eco-friendly composite dust suppressant.

[0044] Understandably, in the preparation method, by limiting the order of material addition, the hindered amine light stabilizer is dissolved first to ensure its uniform dispersion in the system, providing a stable medium environment for the subsequent addition of other components; the bio-enzyme microcapsules are added in the last step, avoiding damage to the microcapsule structure caused by prolonged stirring and high shear force, thus ensuring the integrity of the microcapsules and their delayed release function; the overall preparation process is a room-temperature physical mixing process, which is simple to operate and suitable for large-scale production, requiring no heating, pressurization, or complex equipment, thereby reducing production energy consumption and costs.

[0045] In one optional embodiment, the stirring speed is 100-300 r / min.

[0046] Optionally, the stirring speed can be 100 r / min, 200 r / min, 300 r / min, or any value between 100 and 300 r / min.

[0047] In one optional embodiment, the SiO2 is added and then ultrasonically dispersed. The ultrasonic dispersion power is 200-500W, the frequency is 20-40kHz, and the time is 10-15min.

[0048] Optionally, the ultrasonic dispersion power can be 200W, 300W, 400W, 500W, or any value between 200-500W; the ultrasonic dispersion frequency can be 20kHz, 30kHz, 40kHz, or any value between 20-40kHz; and the ultrasonic dispersion time can be 10min, 11min, 12min, 13min, 14min, 15min, or any value between 10-15min.

[0049] In one optional embodiment, the stirring time after adding the polyvinyl acetate is 10-20 minutes.

[0050] Optionally, the stirring time after adding polyvinyl acetate can be 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, or any value between 10 and 20 min.

[0051] In one optional embodiment, the stirring time after adding the bio-enzyme microcapsules is 5-10 minutes.

[0052] Optionally, the stirring time after adding the bio-enzyme microcapsules can be 5 min, 6 min, 7 min, 8 min, 9 min, 10 min, or any value between 5 and 10 min.

[0053] Thirdly, this application also provides a method for using an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, comprising: spraying the ecological composite dust suppressant onto the dam slope or dry beach of the tailings pond to form a continuous consolidation film layer on the tailings surface, wherein the film layer can be repaired by re-spraying.

[0054] In one optional embodiment, the spraying rate of the eco-friendly composite dust suppressant is 1.0-1.5 L / m³. 2 .

[0055] In one alternative implementation, a drone is used to carry a spraying system equipped with GPS positioning and a wind speed compensation algorithm to achieve precise and uniform spraying.

[0056] The implementation schemes of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only for illustrating this application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturers are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0057] Example 1 This embodiment provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds: Based on a total mass of 100% for the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant, the composition includes: 1.5% water-soluble polyvinyl acetate, 0.5% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride (74% effective content), 0.1% nano-SiO2, 0.05% microcapsule-acetylesterase (purchased from Guangdong Yiduoli Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 0.2% hindered amine light stabilizer (HS-962, purchased from Beijing Tiangang Additives Co., Ltd.), and the balance being water. The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 30 nm and a specific surface area of ​​250 m². 2 / g.

[0058] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, the process flow is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: Weigh out the following ingredients according to the specified ratio: polyvinyl acetate, anhydrous calcium chloride, nano-SiO2, microcapsule-acetylesterase, and HS-962. Add the prescribed amount of water to the reaction vessel, start stirring at 250 r / min; add HS-962 to the water and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a stabilizer solution.

[0059] Nano-SiO2 was added to the stabilizer solution and ultrasonically dispersed for 12 min at a power of 400 W and a frequency of 30 kHz.

[0060] Add anhydrous calcium chloride to the mixture and continue stirring until it is completely dissolved.

[0061] Add polyvinyl acetate to the mixture and stir continuously for 15 minutes; Add the microcapsules of the biological enzyme preparation and stir for 8 minutes until the system is homogeneous and stable to obtain the ecological composite dust suppressant.

[0062] Example 2 This embodiment provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds: Based on a total mass of 100% for the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant, it includes: 1.4% water-soluble polyvinyl acetate, 0.8% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride (74% effective content), 0.2% nano-SiO2, 0.08% microcapsule-acetylesterase (biological enzyme preparation), 0.3% hindered amine light stabilizer (HS-962), and the balance being water. The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 30 nm and a specific surface area of ​​250 m² / g. 2 / g.

[0063] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds. The only difference from Embodiment 1 is the raw material of the composite dust suppressant. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0064] Example 3 This embodiment provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds: Based on a total mass of 100% for the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant, it includes: 1.2% water-soluble polyvinyl acetate, 1.0% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride (74% effective content), 0.3% nano-SiO2, 0.1% microcapsule-acetylesterase (a biological enzyme preparation), 0.4% hindered amine light stabilizer (HS-962), and the balance being water. The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 30 nm and a specific surface area of ​​250 m² / g. 2 / g.

[0065] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds. The only difference from Embodiment 1 is the raw material of the composite dust suppressant. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0066] Example 4 This embodiment provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds: Based on a total mass of 100% for the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant, it includes: 1.3% water-soluble polyvinyl acetate, 0.7% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride (74% effective content), 0.15% nano-SiO2, 0.06% microcapsule-acetylesterase (a biological enzyme preparation), 0.25% hindered amine light stabilizer (HS-962), and the balance being water. The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 30 nm and a specific surface area of ​​250 m² / g.2 / g.

[0067] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds. The only difference from Embodiment 1 is the raw material of the composite dust suppressant. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0068] Example 5 This embodiment provides an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds: Based on a total mass of 100% for the raw materials of the composite dust suppressant, it includes: 1% water-soluble polyvinyl acetate, 0.9% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride (effective content 74%), 0.25% nano-SiO2, 0.07% microcapsule-acetylesterase (biological enzyme preparation), 0.35% hindered amine light stabilizer (HS-962), and the balance being water. The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 30 nm and a specific surface area of ​​250 m² / g. 2 / g.

[0069] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds. The only difference from Embodiment 1 is the raw material of the composite dust suppressant. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0070] Example 6 This embodiment provides a method for using an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds: Ecological composite dust suppressant is sprayed onto the dry beach of the tailings dam to form a continuous solidified film layer on the tailings surface. The film layer can be repaired by re-spraying.

[0071] The spraying operation is carried out using a drone equipped with a spraying system. This system is equipped with GPS positioning and a wind speed compensation algorithm to achieve precise and uniform spraying; the spraying rate is 1.5 L / m³. 2 The on-site spraying status is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0072] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain water-soluble polyvinyl acetate, but is made up with water, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0073] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that no industrial anhydrous calcium chloride is added, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0074] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain nano-SiO2, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0075] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain bio-enzyme microcapsules, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0076] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain a hindered amine light stabilizer, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0077] Comparative Example 6 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that the amount of water-soluble polyvinyl acetate is reduced to 0.5%, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0078] Comparative Example 7 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that the amount of water-soluble polyvinyl acetate is increased to 2%, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0079] Comparative Example 8 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that the amount of anhydrous calcium chloride is increased to 1.5%, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0080] Comparative Example 9 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that the amount of nano-SiO2 is increased to 0.5%, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0081] Comparative Example 10 This comparative example provides an eco-friendly composite dust suppressant, which differs from Example 1 only in that the amount of bio-enzyme microcapsules is reduced to 0.01%, while the amounts of other components remain unchanged.

[0082] The eco-friendly composite dust suppressant provided in this example was sprayed using the method described in Example 6. The effect after 60 days is shown in the image below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0083] The performance of the eco-friendly composite dust suppressants prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-10 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1. Performance test results of the eco-composite dust suppressants prepared in the examples and comparative examples.

[0085] As shown in Table 1, Example 1 exhibits the highest dust suppression efficiency (98.6%), the longest effective period (61 days), a 36% improvement in wind erosion resistance, a moderate degradation cycle, low ecotoxicity (seed germination index 96%), and the best overall performance. In contrast, the dust suppression performance, effective period, and eco-friendliness of each comparative example significantly decreased when any key component was missing, the proportions deviated, or the process was altered.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0087] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, in the foregoing claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds, characterized in that, The composite dust suppressant comprises, by weight, 100% of the raw materials: 1-1.5% polyvinyl acetate, 0.5-1% industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride, 0.1-0.3% SiO2, 0.05-0.1% microcapsules of biological enzyme preparation, 0.2-0.4% hindered amine light stabilizer, with the remainder being water.

2. The ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polyvinyl acetate includes water-soluble polyvinyl acetate.

3. The ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective content of the industrial-grade anhydrous calcium chloride is not less than 74 wt%.

4. The ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The SiO2 includes nano-SiO2; The nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 10-50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​not less than 200 m². 2 / g.

5. The ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcapsules of the bio-enzyme preparation include esterases and / or lipases.

6. The ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hindered amine light stabilizer includes HS-962.

7. A method for preparing an ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: Water was mixed with the hindered amine light stabilizer under stirring to obtain a stabilizer solution; The SiO2, calcium chloride, polyvinyl acetate, and the bio-enzyme microcapsules are added sequentially to the stabilizer solution to obtain the eco-friendly composite dust suppressant.

8. The method for preparing the ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds according to claim 7, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The stirring speed is 100-300 r / min; B. After adding the SiO2, ultrasonic dispersion is performed. The ultrasonic dispersion power is 200-500W, the frequency is 20-40kHz, and the time is 10-15min. C. The stirring time after adding the polyvinyl acetate is 10-20 minutes; D. The stirring time after adding the microcapsules of the biological enzyme preparation is 5-10 minutes.

9. A method for using the ecological composite dust suppressant for tailings ponds as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The ecological composite dust suppressant is sprayed onto the dam slope or dry beach of the tailings dam to form a continuous consolidation film layer on the tailings surface. The film layer can be repaired by re-spraying.

10. The method of using the ecological composite dust suppressant suitable for tailings ponds according to claim 9, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: a. The spraying rate of the aforementioned ecological composite dust suppressant is 1.0-1.5 L / m³. 2 ; b. The spraying system is carried out by a drone and is equipped with GPS positioning and wind speed compensation algorithm to achieve precise and uniform spraying.

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