Pantoea dispersa and uses thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of dispersing pantoea and its application, belong to the field of microbial technology.The present application is a kind of dispersing pantoea, the dispersing pantoea is dispersing pantoea Pantoea dispersa 25S0741-4, preserved in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the address of 100, Martyrs' Road, Guangzhou, China, and the preservation number of GDMCC No:66523, on June 16, 2025.The present application proves that dispersing pantoea 25S0741-4 still has the ability to degrade DEHP under low available phosphorus conditions, simultaneously realizes phosphorus dissolution and DEHP degradation in contaminated environment, can be better applied to the degradation of DEHP in phosphorus-deficient soil and the removal of phosphorus dissolution and plastic pollution under complex soil obstacle conditions, and has important significance for improving soil quality, improving soil fertility and degrading plastic pollutants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbial technology, and more particularly to a dispersible pantothecin bacterium and its applications. Background Technology

[0002] Phosphorus is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth, but most phosphorus in the soil exists in the form of insoluble phosphates, which plants cannot directly absorb and utilize. While traditional chemical phosphate fertilizers can alleviate phosphorus deficiency to some extent, long-term, excessive use can lead to a series of environmental problems such as soil compaction and eutrophication of water bodies. Therefore, utilizing phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms to convert insoluble phosphorus in the soil into an effective form that is readily absorbed by plants has become a green and sustainable method for soil improvement and plant nutrient enhancement.

[0003] Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer, commonly found in industrial products such as plastics, rubber products, and coatings. Because it is physically dispersed within materials rather than chemically bonded to polymer molecules, it is easily released into the environment during use. DEHP has endocrine-disrupting effects, potentially damaging the human reproductive, immune, and nervous systems, and has been listed as a priority pollutant in many countries and regions. Currently, DEHP treatment methods mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. While physical and chemical methods offer high treatment efficiency, they suffer from high costs and the potential for secondary pollution. In contrast, biological methods offer advantages such as low cost and environmental friendliness, making the utilization of microorganisms to degrade DEHP a current research hotspot.

[0004] While various microorganisms with phosphorus-solubilizing or DEHP-degrading functions have been discovered, reports of microorganisms possessing both functions are relatively few. Therefore, screening and developing multifunctional microbial strains is of great significance for improving soil fertility and remediating DEHP-contaminated environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a dispersible pantothenic bacterium that can simultaneously solubilize phosphorus and degrade DEHP, and its application.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dispersed pantothecin bacterium, wherein the dispersed pantothecin bacterium is a dispersed pantothecin bacterium. Pantoea dispersa 25S0741-4 is deposited at the Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection, located at Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, with accession number GDMCC No: 66523 and deposit date of June 16, 2025.

[0007] This invention experimentally demonstrates that Pantotheca dispersalis 25S0741-4 still has the ability to degrade DEHP under low available phosphorus conditions, simultaneously achieving phosphorus dissolution and DEHP degradation in polluted environments. It can be better applied to the degradation of DEHP in phosphorus-deficient soils and the removal of phosphorus dissolution and plastic pollution under complex soil barrier conditions, which is of great significance for improving soil quality, enhancing soil fertility, and degrading plastic pollutants.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the dispersible pantothecin described in this invention, the 16S rRNA nucleic acid sequence of the dispersible pantothecin is shown in SEQ ID NO.1.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a dispersible pantothenic preparation containing at least one of the above-mentioned dispersible pantothenic cells and their metabolites.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the dispersed pantothenic preparation of the present invention, the metabolites of the dispersed pantothenic include, but are not limited to, at least one of dispersed pantothenic lysate, dispersed pantothenic lysate filtrate, dispersed pantothenic fermentation filtrate, and dispersed pantothenic fermentation broth.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the dispersible pantothenic preparation of the present invention, the dosage form of the dispersible pantothenic preparation includes, but is not limited to, at least one of liquid dosage form and solid dosage form.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the dispersed pantothenic acid preparation of the present invention, the bacterial concentration of the dispersed pantothenic acid is ≥10. 8 cfu / mL.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the dispersed pantothenic acid preparation of the present invention, the bacterial concentration of the dispersed pantothenic acid is 10. 8 -10 10 cfu / mL.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned dispersed pantothecin and / or dispersed pantothecin preparations in the preparation of phosphate-solubilized products.

[0015] Fourthly, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned dispersible pantothenic acid and / or dispersible pantothenic acid preparations in the preparation of products degraded di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

[0016] Fifthly, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned dispersed pantothecin and / or dispersed pantothecin preparations in the preparation of products that simultaneously solubilize phosphorus and degrade di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the application described in this invention, the article includes, but is not limited to, agricultural articles.

[0018] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned dispersible pantothecin and / or dispersible pantothecin preparations in improving farmland pollution and / or restoring farmland.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the application described in this invention, the farmland pollution includes di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate pollution.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the application described in this invention, the farmland pollution also includes di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate pollution with low phosphorus content.

[0021] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving farmland pollution and / or remediating farmland by applying the above-mentioned dispersed pantothecin and / or dispersed pantothecin preparation to polluted farmland and / or farmland to be remediated, thereby obtaining treated farmland and / or farmland.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the method described in this invention, the application rate of the dispersible pantothecin is 80-100 mL per 1 kg of soil at a concentration of 10. 8 Dispersed pantothenia at cfu / mL.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention isolates and purifies a dispersible pantothecin bacterium that simultaneously possesses phosphate-solubilizing and DEHP-degrading capabilities from soil. Pantoea dispersa 25S0741-4 can be applied to the degradation of DEHP in phosphorus-deficient soils and the remediation of complex pollution environments. It is of great significance for improving soil quality, enhancing soil fertility, and degrading plastic pollutants. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 Dispersed pantothecin in Example 1 of the present invention Pantoea dispersa Colony diagram of 25S0741-4; Figure 2 Dispersed pantothecin in Example 1 of the present invention Pantoea dispersa Phylogenetic tree of 25S0741-4; Figure 3 Dispersed pantothecin in Example 2 of the present invention Pantoea dispersa Growth curve of 25S0741-4; Figure 4 Dispersed pantothenic acid in Example 3 of the present invention Pantoea dispersa Statistical results of phosphorus solubility in 25S0741-4; Figure 5 Dispersed pantothenic acid in Example 3 of the present invention Pantoea dispersa Statistical results of degradation rate of 25S0741-4 at different DEHP concentrations; Figure 6 Dispersed pantothenic acid in Example 3 of the present invention Pantoea dispersa Statistical results of phosphorus solubility and DEHP degradation rate under different phosphorus concentrations (25S0741-4). Detailed Implementation

[0025] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0026] The "dispersible pantothenic acid 25S0741-4" and "dispersible pantothenic acid" mentioned in the following examples and effect examples Pantoea dispersa Unless otherwise specified, “dispersible pantothenic acid” and “25S0741-4” are all dispersible pantothenic acid with accession number GDMCC No: 66523. Pantoea dispersa 25S0741-4.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples and effect examples are commercially available.

[0028] LB liquid medium: Dissolve 10g peptone, 5g yeast extract, and 5g sodium chloride in 1000mL distilled water. Adjust the pH to 7.4-7.6 and autoclave at 121℃ for 15min. Cool after sterilization. To prepare LB solid medium, add 20g agar powder to the above medium and sterilize at 121℃ for 30min.

[0029] Inorganic salt culture medium: Add 2.5g NH4Cl, 0.05g CaCl2·H2O, 2.5g Na2HPO4, 0.05g MgSO4·7H2O, 2.5g KH2PO4, and 0.05g MnCl2·4H2O to 1000mL distilled water. After complete dissolution, adjust the pH to 7.5. Autoclave at 121℃ for 15min, and cool before use. Adding 20g agar powder to the above medium will prepare an inorganic salt solid culture medium, which should be sterilized at 121℃ for 30min.

[0030] Inorganic salt liquid culture medium with calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source: Dissolve 2.5g NH4Cl, 0.05g CaCl2·H2O, 5g Ca3(PO4)2, 0.05g MgSO4·7H2O, and 0.05g MnCl2·4H2O in 1000mL of distilled water. Adjust the pH to 7.5 and autoclave at 121℃ for 15min. Cool after sterilization. Add 20g agar powder to the above medium to prepare an inorganic salt solid culture medium, and sterilize at 121℃ for 30min. Alternatively, add 20g agar powder to the above medium to prepare an inorganic salt solid culture medium with calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source, and sterilize at 121℃ for 30min.

[0031] NA medium: Dissolve 5g peptone and 3g beef extract in 1000mL distilled water. Adjust the pH to 6.8-7.2 and autoclave at 121℃ for 15min. Cool after sterilization. To prepare NA solid medium, add 20g agar powder to the above medium and sterilize at 121℃ for 30min.

[0032] Contact enzyme reaction: Take a filter paper disc, pick up a vigorous bacterial cell with an inoculation loop and spread it on the disc, then add 1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine solution. A red color within 10 seconds indicates a positive result, a red color between 10 and 60 seconds indicates a delayed positive result, and a red color after 60 seconds indicates a negative result.

[0033] Oxidase reaction: Take a glass slide, add a drop of 3% hydrogen peroxide, and use an inoculation loop to pick up vigorous bacterial cells and spread them in the hydrogen peroxide solution. If a large number of bubbles are produced, it is judged as positive; if no bubbles are produced, it is judged as negative.

[0034] The specific procedures for determining DEHP content and calculating its degradation rate using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are as follows: After extraction with acetonitrile, the sample was analyzed using an HPLC system (Agilent 1260 Infinity III HPLC system). Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed by combining retention time and spectral analysis. The analytical conditions were as follows: a HITACHI LaChrom C18 (5μm) 4.6mm ID×150mm column was used; the mobile phase was H2O / CH3CN = 2 / 98 (v / v); the flow rate was 1.0 mL / min; the injection volume was 10µL; the column temperature was 30℃; and the quantitative detection wavelength was 224nm.

[0035] The degradation rate is calculated using the following formula: Degradation rate = (Initial DEHP concentration - Residual DEHP concentration) / Initial DEHP concentration × 100% Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for the isolation, purification, and identification of dispersible pantothenia, including the following steps: (1) Collect farmland soil that has been subjected to long-term application of phosphate fertilizer and is contaminated by plastic. Take 10g of the farmland soil and add it to a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 90mL of sterile water. Shake at 150rpm for 30min on a shaker to fully mix the soil and water, disperse the cells, and form a uniform bacterial suspension.

[0036] (2) Let the bacterial suspension obtained in step (1) stand, take 2 mL of supernatant and add it to an inorganic salt liquid culture medium containing 100 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source, and culture at 30°C and 180 rpm in the dark for 5 days; inoculate 2% into an inorganic salt liquid culture medium containing 200 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source, and continue to culture at 30°C and 180 rpm for 5 days. Inoculate into inorganic salt liquid culture media containing 300, 400, and 500 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source in sequence according to the above operation. The bacterial solution obtained by culturing in an inorganic salt liquid culture medium containing 500 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source is the enriched bacterial solution.

[0037] (3) Take 1 mL of the enriched bacterial solution obtained in step (2) and add it to a test tube containing 9 mL of sterile water. Dilute it 10 times to prepare bacterial suspensions of 10⁻¹, 10⁻², and 10⁻³. Take 100 μL of each suspension and spread it onto an inorganic salt solid medium containing 100 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source. Incubate at 30°C in the dark. Pick single colonies with different morphologies and inoculate them onto an inorganic salt solid medium containing 100 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source for further classification and purification to obtain 5 strains of DEHP degradation.

[0038] (4) The five DEHP-degrading strains obtained in step (3) were inoculated into inorganic salt liquid culture medium containing 100 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source, and cultured at 30°C and 200 rpm for 24 h with shaking. The soluble phosphorus content in the culture medium was determined by the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method (HJ704-2014), and the amount of phosphorus dissolved was calculated. The DEHP content before and after culture was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its degradation rate was calculated. At the same time, a blank control without inoculation was set up. The strain with good phosphorus dissolution and DEHP degradation effects was selected and named 25S0741-4.

[0039] (5) The 25S0741-4 obtained in step (4) was inoculated into an inorganic salt solid culture medium containing 100 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source. The medium was incubated at 30°C for 24 h, and colony growth was observed. Subsequently, colony morphology was observed. The colony morphology of 25S0741-4 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the colonies are round, with a raised surface, milky white, opaque, with clear edges and a smooth surface, and the strain is Gram-negative.

[0040] (5) The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the strain 25S0741-4 obtained in step (4) were determined. The results showed that the strain 25S0741-4 was negative for oxidase and positive for catalase, and was able to use glucose and sucrose as carbon sources.

[0041] (6) Total DNA of 25S0741-4 was extracted using a bacterial DNA extraction kit. The diluted total DNA of 25S0741-4 was used as a template. PCR amplification was performed using the universal primer 16S rRNA for bacterial molecular identification and PCR mix. The PCR amplification program is shown in Table 1. The PCR product of 25S0741-4 was obtained. 2 μL of the obtained PCR product of 25S0741-4 was identified as specific amplification by agarose gel electrophoresis. The remaining PCR product of 25S0741-4 was subjected to first-generation sequencing to obtain the nucleic acid sequence of the PCR product. The nucleic acid sequences of the PCR products were spliced ​​together and the technical error fragments at both ends were removed to obtain the processed nucleic acid sequences. The processed 16S rRNA nucleic acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.1. Since first-generation sequencing technology can only sequence DNA sequences within 1000 bp each time, while the PCR product fragment of the amplified 16S rRNA is approximately 1500 bp, the nucleic acid sequences obtained after sequencing by first-generation sequencing technology need to be spliced ​​together. Software such as ChromasPro and DNAMAN can be used for this purpose. The processed nucleic acid sequences were then BLAST-aligned in the NCBI database, and sequences of highly homologous type strains were downloaded. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA11 (see...). Figure 2 ),according to Figure 2 25S0741-4 can be identified as Pantotheca dispersa. Pantoea dispersa Dispersed pantothenic acid Pantoea dispersa Specimen 25S0741-4 is deposited at the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center on June 16, 2025, with accession number GDMCC No: 66523. The address of the depository is Building 59, No. 100, Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. Unless otherwise specified in the following examples and comparative examples, all dispersible pantothenic bacteria used are dispersible pantothenic bacteria. Pantoea dispersa 25S0741-4.

[0042] Table 1 PCR amplification program Disperse pantothenica Pantoea dispersa

[0043] Example 2 The growth curve of 25S0741-4 obtained in Example 1 was determined, and the specific operation was as follows: 25S0741-4 was inoculated into an inorganic salt liquid medium containing 100 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source. Its growth curve is shown in the figure below. Figure 3 As shown, strain 25S0741-4 can grow rapidly under the conditions of 100 mg / L DEHP and calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source, exhibiting a logarithmic growth trend (y = 0.9798 × ln(x) - 0.2744, R² = 0.9821). At 24 h, the OD... 600 The value reached 2.87, indicating that 25S0741-4 could still grow normally and maintain a high growth rate under the combined obstacles of lack of available phosphorus and DEHP pollution.

[0044] Example 3 The phosphorus solubility and DEHP degradation ability of 25S0741-4 obtained in Example 1 were tested, and the specific method is as follows: 1. Phosphorus solubility.

[0045] Using an inoculation loop, sample strain 25S0741-4 was streaked onto LB agar plates and incubated for 24 hours to obtain single colonies. A single colony was picked and inoculated into a test tube containing 4 mL of NA liquid medium, and incubated at 30°C and 180 rpm for 24 hours. 1 mL of the culture was then transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of liquid medium with calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source. After shaking and incubation, the flask was centrifuged, and the supernatant was collected. The soluble phosphorus content in the supernatant was determined. The results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the amount of phosphorus dissolved first increased and then tended to stabilize, reaching a maximum of 57.3 mg / L on the third day. The surface strain 25S0741-4 has a strong phosphorus-dissolving ability and can convert insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus, which can be applied to the treatment of phosphorus-deficient environments.

[0046] 2. Ability to degrade DEHP.

[0047] Using an inoculation loop, 25S0741-4 bacterial strain was inoculated into LB liquid medium at final DEHP concentrations of 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 300 mg / L, 400 mg / L, 500 mg / L, and 600 mg / L, respectively. The medium was then incubated at 30°C and 180 rpm for 48 hours. The residual DEHP content in the cultured medium was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its degradation amount was calculated.

[0048] The results are as follows Figure 5As shown, the degradation rate was highest at 100 mg / L, reaching 83.42%. The degradation rate decreased with increasing DEHP concentration, dropping to 13.41% at 600 mg / L.

[0049] 3. Ability to degrade DEHP in low phosphorus environments.

[0050] After culturing strain 25S0741-4 in LB broth at 30℃ for 24 h, the bacterial cells were obtained by centrifugation at 12000 rpm for 10 min. The cells were resuspended in an equal volume of PBS and centrifuged twice. The obtained bacterial cells were then prepared into 1×10⁻⁶ cells using PBS. 8 cfu / mL 25S0741-4 bacterial suspension.

[0051] DEHP at a concentration of 200 mg / L and bacterial culture of 25S0741-4 were added to inorganic salt liquid culture medium containing calcium phosphate at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg / L, respectively, with calcium phosphate as the sole phosphorus source, and cultured for 24 hours. The DEHP content in the cultured samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its degradation amount was calculated. The results are shown below. Figure 6 As shown, strain 25S0741-4 exhibited good degradation effects on DEHP at phosphorus concentrations of 0-20 mg / L, with the highest degradation efficiency (76.9%) at a phosphorus concentration of 10 mg / L, which was higher than the degradation rate without phosphorus, representing a 3.5% improvement. The degradation efficiency of DEHP gradually decreased at phosphorus concentrations of 40-60 mg / L, showing little difference from the phosphorus-free condition. This indicates that strain 25S0741-4 can significantly promote DEHP degradation under phosphorus concentrations of 0-20 mg / L, and can be applied to DEHP degradation in low-phosphorus contaminated soil environments. Furthermore, high phosphorus concentrations did not negatively impact DEHP degradation.

[0052] Example 4 To determine the effectiveness of 25S0741-4 in low-phosphorus, DEHP-contaminated farmland soil, an indoor incubation experiment was conducted. The specific protocol is as follows: Add 50 μL of 25S0741-4 bacterial culture to 150 mL of sterilized LB liquid medium and incubate at 200 rpm and 30 °C for 12 h. Inoculate 2% of the culture into 150 mL of LB medium and incubate at 30 °C and 180 rpm with constant temperature shaking for 1 day. Then, centrifuge the culture at 8000 rpm for 10 min, resuspend the bacterial cells in sterile water, centrifuge twice to wash away the culture medium, and then prepare a 1×10⁻⁶ solution with sterile water. 8 CFU / mL bacterial agent.

[0053] The contaminated soil used was taken from saline-alkali land in Zhanjiang City. This soil exhibited both phosphorus deficiency and DEHP contamination. The properties of the contaminated soil were measured as follows: pH 6.8, available phosphorus content 5.19 mg / kg, and DEHP concentration 200.34 mg / kg.

[0054] This experiment included two treatment groups: (1) Blank control: no addition of bacterial agent 25S0741-4; (2) Treatment with bacterial agent 25S0741-4: 100 mL of 1×10 8 The 25S0741-4 inoculant was applied at cfu / mL. Three replicates (pots) were set up for each treatment group, with 1 kg of soil per replicate (pot). The soil was treated according to the treatment group protocol, and the soluble phosphorus content, DEHP residue, and DEHP degradation rate of the soil were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0055] Table 2. Soluble phosphorus content and DEHP degradation rate in different treatment groups (n=3)

[0056] As shown in Table 2, the addition of strain 25S0741-4 to low-phosphorus, DEHP-contaminated farmland soil significantly promoted the dissolution of phosphorus and the degradation of DEHP in the soil.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of dispersible pantothecin, characterized in that, The dispersible pantothecin is dispersible pantothecin. Pantoea dispersa 25S0741-4 is deposited at the Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection, located at Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, with accession number GDMCC No: 66523 and deposit date of June 16, 2025.

2. The dispersed pantothecin as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The 16S rRNA nucleic acid sequence of the dispersible pantothenia is shown in SEQ ID NO.

1.

3. A dispersible pantothenic acid preparation, characterized in that, It contains at least one of the cells of the dispersed pantothecin of claim 1 and its metabolites.

4. The dispersed pantothecin as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bacterial concentration of the dispersed pantothenic acid is ≥10. 8 cfu / mL.

5. The use of the dispersible pantothecin as described in any one of claims 1-2 and / or the dispersible pantothecin preparation as described in any one of claims 3-4 in the preparation of phosphate-solubilizing products.

6. The use of the dispersible pantothecin as described in any one of claims 1-2 and / or the dispersible pantothecin preparation as described in any one of claims 3-4 in the preparation of products degrading di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

7. The use of the dispersible pantothecin as described in any one of claims 1-2 and / or the dispersible pantothecin preparation as described in any one of claims 3-4 in the preparation of products that simultaneously solubilize phosphorus and degrade di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

8. The use of the dispersible pantothecin as described in any one of claims 1-2 and / or the dispersible pantothecin preparation as described in any one of claims 3-4 in improving farmland pollution and / or remediating farmland.

9. The application as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The farmland pollution was caused by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

10. A method for improving farmland pollution and / or restoring farmland, characterized in that, The dispersible pantothecin according to any one of claims 1-2 and / or the dispersible pantothecin preparation according to any one of claims 3-4 are applied to contaminated farmland and / or fields to be remediated to obtain treated farmland and / or fields.

Images