Debris flow shunt treatment device

Abstract

The invention discloses a debris flow shunting treatment device, which comprises a channel and a shunting component. The shunting component divides the channel into an internal high-flow-resistance passage and an external low-flow-resistance passage. The shunting component comprises first, second and third shunting structures. The first shunting structure comprises a first flow passage and a shunting cone inside the first flow passage. The first flow passage has an inclined deceleration inner side wall for receiving and colliding with the debris flow after shunting to reduce the speed of the debris flow. The deceleration inner side wall is provided with first water-permeable holes connected to the low-flow-resistance passage. The second shunting structure comprises a bottom plate, side baffles and a second flow passage formed by the bottom plate and the side baffles. The bottom plate and the side baffles are provided with second water-permeable holes. The upper part of the side baffles is provided with an openable opening which is opened under the impact of the debris flow and is automatically closed by gravity when the debris flow falls back. The third shunting structure comprises a third flow passage for collecting rock blocks. The first, second and third flow passages jointly form the high-flow-resistance passage. The invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional blocking dam is prone to failure due to siltation and is difficult to intervene after being blocked.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of debris flow control technology, specifically to a debris flow diversion and control device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, debris flow prevention mainly relies on retaining dams, but these dams have the following problems:

[0003] First, the interception mechanism uses particle size threshold as the sole criterion, allowing large amounts of fine sediment to penetrate the dam body and accumulate downstream, resulting in a continuous narrowing of the flood discharge section.

[0004] Second, the dam site needs to be located in a narrow and steep area, making dredging operations difficult to carry out after the reservoir is full of silt.

[0005] Third, it lacks the ability to adapt to sudden increases in flow and local blockages. Once the internal flow channels are blocked, it cannot be cleared from the outside, resulting in poor fault tolerance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a debris flow diversion and control device to solve the technical problem that traditional retaining dams fail due to siltation and cannot be intervened after blockage.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A debris flow diversion and control device is provided, including a channel and a diversion component disposed in the channel, wherein the diversion component divides the channel into a high flow resistance channel located within the diversion component and a low flow resistance channel located outside the diversion component.

[0009] The splitter component includes:

[0010] At least one first diversion structure includes a first flow channel and a diversion cone disposed in the first flow channel. The first flow channel has a deceleration inner wall, which is arranged at an inclination to receive and collide with the debris flow diverted from the diversion cone. The deceleration inner wall is provided with a plurality of first permeable holes for connecting the low flow resistance channel and the first flow channel.

[0011] The second diversion structure includes a base plate, two baffles disposed on opposite sides of the base plate, and a second flow channel defined by the base plate and the two baffles and communicating with the first flow channel. The base plate and the baffles are each provided with a plurality of second permeable holes for communicating with the low flow resistance channel and the second flow channel. The upper part of the baffle has an opening communicating with the low flow resistance channel and the second flow channel. The opening and closing of the opening are respectively responsive to the impact of the debris flow and its own gravity, so as to open with the impact of the debris flow and close as the mud level falls.

[0012] as well as

[0013] The third diversion structure includes a third channel located downstream of the second channel for collecting rock fragments, wherein the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel together form the high flow resistance channel.

[0014] In one embodiment, the second diversion structure further includes a movable plate rotatably disposed on the baffle and capable of rotating relative to the baffle to open or cover the opening.

[0015] In one embodiment, the baffle is provided with a first limiting structure, the first limiting structure having a first limiting surface, for causing the movable plate to abut against the first limiting surface when the movable plate opens the opening.

[0016] In one embodiment, the baffle is provided with a second limiting structure, the second limiting structure having a second limiting surface, for causing the movable plate to abut against the second limiting surface when the movable plate covers the opening.

[0017] In one embodiment, the movable plate has an upper end face and a lower end face. The upper end face of the movable plate is connected to the baffle via a rotating shaft, and a counterweight is provided on its lower end face to allow the movable plate to rotate around the rotating shaft by the weight of the counterweight to cover the opening.

[0018] In one embodiment, the width of the first flow channel gradually decreases from upstream to downstream of the high flow resistance channel.

[0019] In one embodiment, the diameter of the first water-permeable hole is smaller than the diameter of the second water-permeable hole.

[0020] In one embodiment, the width of the third flow channel is at least partially gradually widened from upstream to downstream of the high flow resistance channel.

[0021] In one embodiment, the third flow channel is provided with a plurality of deceleration grooves at intervals; and / or

[0022] The third flow channel is provided with multiple steps, which are connected end to end so that the previous step is higher than the next step.

[0023] In one embodiment, the second diversion structure further includes a plurality of columns for supporting the base plate.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: First, the debris flow dissipates energy through the collision between the diversion cone and the inclined deceleration inner wall, and with the discharge of multi-stage permeable holes, it achieves effective separation and diversion control of coarse and fine particles in the debris flow, avoiding the concentration of fine particles in the downstream river channel and ensuring the long-term stability of the flood discharge section. Second, the self-opening and closing opening allows the device to automatically adjust the lateral discharge section according to the changes in the mud level in the channel, maintaining a safe liquid level under normal conditions and serving as an operation window for external intervention under abnormal blockage conditions, realizing point-to-point dredging without demolition, reducing the difficulty and risk of dredging and maintenance under high and steep terrain conditions. At the same time, since the fluid and fine particles are evenly dispersed into the low flow resistance channel through the second permeable hole, it avoids the concentrated scouring and erosion of the bank slope caused by the forced deflection of high-speed slurry to a local area by traditional solid dams, thus protecting the stability of the slopes on both sides of the channel. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a current splitter component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle and the movable plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line AA.

[0029] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include:

[0030] 1. Channel; 101. High flow resistance channel; 102. Low flow resistance channel;

[0031] 2. First diversion structure; 201. First flow channel; 202. Diversion cone; 203. Deceleration inner wall; 204. First water-permeable hole;

[0032] 3. Second diversion structure; 301. Second flow channel; 302. Base plate; 303. Baffle; 304. Second water permeable hole; 305. Movable plate; 306. Column;

[0033] 4. Third flow branch structure; 401. Third flow channel; 402. Deceleration groove;

[0034] 5. First limiting structure; 501. First limiting surface;

[0035] 6. Second limiting structure; 601. Second limiting surface;

[0036] 7. Shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0038] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the debris flow diversion and control device includes a channel 1 and a diversion component disposed within the channel 1. The diversion component divides the channel 1 into a high-resistance channel 101 located within the diversion component and a low-resistance channel 102 located outside the channel 1. The diversion component includes at least one first diversion structure 2, a second diversion structure 3, and a third diversion structure 4. The first diversion structure 2 includes a first flow channel 201 and a diversion cone 202 disposed within the first flow channel 201. The first flow channel 201 has a deceleration inner wall 203, which is inclined and used to receive and collide the debris flow diverted from the diversion cone 202. The deceleration inner wall 203 is provided with a plurality of first permeable holes 204 for connecting the low-resistance channel 102 and the first flow channel 201. The second diversion structure 3 includes a base plate 302 and a diversion cone 204 disposed within the channel 1. The bottom plate 302 has two baffles 303 on opposite sides, and the bottom plate 302 and the two baffles 303 together define a second flow channel 301 that communicates with the first flow channel 201. The bottom plate 302 and the baffles 303 are each provided with a plurality of second permeable holes 304 for connecting the low flow resistance channel 102 and the second flow channel 301. The upper part of the baffle 303 has an opening that connects the low flow resistance channel 102 and the second flow channel 301. The opening and closing of the opening are respectively responsive to the impact of the debris flow and its own gravity, opening with the impact of the debris flow and closing with the fall of the mud level. The third diversion structure 4 includes a third flow channel 401 located downstream of the second flow channel 301 for collecting rock fragments. The first flow channel 201, the second flow channel 301 and the third flow channel 401 together form the high flow resistance channel 101.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, in a suitable section of the debris flow channel 1, a diversion component is arranged along the longitudinal centerline of the channel 1. The diversion component has an overall elongated box-shaped structure and is installed on the bed surface of the channel 1. A gap of a certain width is left between its two outer walls and the side walls of the channel 1. This gap is the low-resistance channel 102, allowing fine-particle slurry and water to pass smoothly. The internal space of the diversion component is the high-resistance channel 101, used to intercept, slow down, and collect large rock fragments in the debris flow.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the diversion assembly is formed by connecting the first diversion structure 2, the second diversion structure 3 and the third diversion structure 4 in series from upstream to downstream. The structures are fixedly connected by means of plugging, grouting and other methods, and a sealing waterstop is set to prevent a large amount of mud from seeping out from the joints.

[0041] Specifically, the first diversion structure 2 is located at the upstream end of the diversion assembly, and its main body is a first flow channel 201 with a trapezoidal cross-section. A diversion cone 202 is provided at the inlet end of the first flow channel 201. The diversion cone 202 is a conical structure with its tip pointing upwards, and is fixed to the bottom wall of the first flow channel 201 by a bracket or base. The diversion cone 202 is used to cut the incoming debris flow laterally and guide it to both sides. Simultaneously, the inner walls on both sides of the first flow channel 201 are deceleration inner walls 203, which slope inwards from top to bottom; that is, the cross-section of the first flow channel 201 has an inverted trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. When the debris flow rises along the side walls after being diverted by the diversion cone 202, the inclined walls force the fluid to change its direction of movement and generate violent collisions. During this process, the fluid's kinetic energy is converted into internal energy and acoustic energy to reduce its velocity. Furthermore, multiple first permeable holes 204 are evenly distributed on the surface of the inner wall 203 of the deceleration system. These first permeable holes 204 penetrate the wall thickness, connecting the interior of the first flow channel 201 with the low-resistance channel 102 on the outside. The first permeable holes 204 have small diameters, allowing only liquid phase and fine-grained sediment to pass through, while coarse particles are intercepted inside the first flow channel 201. A geotextile filter layer is also provided on the outer side of the inner wall 203 of the deceleration system to prevent the large-scale loss of fine-grained sediment with the water flow and to avoid rapid blockage of the permeable holes by fine particles. Of course, in this embodiment, to further decelerate and dissipate energy, multiple first diversion structures 2 can be connected in series. The fluid undergoes progressive deceleration and energy dissipation through these multiple first diversion structures 2, thereby further reducing the flow velocity.

[0042] The second diversion structure 3 is connected to the outlet end of the first diversion structure 2. The second diversion structure 3 includes a base plate 302 and two baffles 303 standing on opposite sides of the base plate 302. The base plate 302 and the baffles 303 together form a second flow channel 301. The inlet end of the second flow channel 301 is smoothly connected to the outlet end of the first flow channel 201, allowing debris flow to directly enter the second flow channel 301 from the first flow channel 201. At the same time, multiple second permeable holes 304 are provided on both the base plate 302 and the baffles 303. The second permeable holes 304 also connect the inside of the second flow channel 301 with the low flow resistance channel 102 on the outside. The second permeable holes 304 are arranged in an array on the base plate 302 and the baffles 303 to continuously discharge the liquid phase and fine particles in the second flow channel 301. Furthermore, the upper part of the baffle 303 has an opening penetrating the thickness of the baffle 303, which is normally closed. When the mudflow slurry level inside the second flow channel 301 rises to the height of the lower edge of the opening, the slurry generates lateral impact force and hydrostatic pressure. When this combined force exceeds the resistance generated by gravity at the opening, the opening opens, and the slurry and some solid materials inside are discharged from the opening into the low-resistance channel 102, causing the liquid level in the flow channel to drop. To address this situation, an additional channel can be provided within the low-resistance channel 102 to separately guide the discharged slurry and other materials, preventing them from disturbing the low-resistance channel 102. When the liquid level falls back below the lower edge of the opening, or when the impact force disappears, the opening is resealed.

[0043] Additionally, when blockage occurs inside the second flow channel 301 due to large rock blocks jamming each other or the second permeable hole 304 on the bottom plate 302 being blocked, the continuous influx from upstream causes the mud level inside the second flow channel 301 to rise abnormally and rapidly, far exceeding the normal overflow level. This abnormally high mud level exerts an excessive impact force on the opening, forcing it to open at a greater angle, quickly discharging the loose material accumulated above the blockage laterally, thus providing emergency pressure relief. After the debris flow ends, if the blockage consists of large rock blocks jammed together and cannot be cleared by water pressure, the already opened opening can be used as an operating window. A robotic arm, high-pressure water gun, or hook tool can be inserted into the second flow channel 301 from the outside to directionally break, pull, or flush the blockage point, dismantling the jammed rock blocks one by one and removing them from the corresponding locations or pushing them downstream. After clearing the blockage, the mud level in the flow channel quickly drops, and the opening returns to its normal closed state.

[0044] The third diversion structure 4 is connected to the outlet end of the second diversion structure 3, forming a third flow channel 401 to receive large rock fragments discharged from the second flow channel 301, temporarily storing or slowly releasing these fragments downstream. The side walls of the third flow channel 401 are vertical or slightly inclined, without permeable holes, ensuring that large rock fragments do not flow outwards within the third flow channel 401, but are confined to the end region of the high flow resistance channel 101. The outlet end of the third flow channel 401 is equipped with a removable grid or baffle to intercept extra-large rock fragments exceeding the design threshold, preventing them from rolling directly downstream, while allowing small particles and water to flow out through the grid gaps.

[0045] In this embodiment, a layer of crushed stone and geogrid is laid on the bottom surface of the diversion component to evenly distribute the structural weight and debris flow impact load, preventing uneven foundation settlement. A guide wing wall is installed at the upstream end of the diversion component, opening outwards in a V-shape to guide the debris flow in channel 1 to the inlet of the first diversion structure 2, reducing the proportion of incoming flow that bypasses the sides of the diversion component. A stilling basin or apron is installed at the downstream end of the diversion component to finally dissipate the energy of the fluid discharged from the outlet of the third flow channel 401 and the low-resistance channel 102, preventing scouring at the outlet from causing undercutting of the channel 1 bed.

[0046] When a debris flow occurs, the main flow enters the high-resistance channel 101. Coarse particles are decelerated by collision with the diversion cone 202 of the first diversion structure 2, the inner deceleration wall 203, and the frictional deceleration by the bottom plate 302 and baffle 303 of the second diversion structure 3, eventually accumulating in the third channel 401. Meanwhile, liquid and fine particles are continuously discharged laterally through the first permeable hole 204, the second permeable hole 304, and the upper opening of the baffle 303 to the low-resistance channels 102 on both sides, moving downstream at a lower flow velocity and with a lower sediment content. The high-resistance channel 101 and the low-resistance channel 102 operate independently, with material exchange only occurring at the permeable holes and openings. This achieves spatial separation of coarse and fine particles across the entire cross-section of the channel 1, controlling the total amount of coarse particles discharged while ensuring the smooth discharge of fine particles, thus preventing the control project from becoming silted up and failing.

[0047] like Figures 2-4As shown, in one embodiment, the second diversion structure 3 further includes a movable plate 305, which is rotatably disposed on the baffle 303 and can rotate relative to the baffle 303 to open or cover the opening. Specifically, in the second diversion structure 3, the baffle 303 has an opening extending through the thickness of the plate body at its upper part, and the movable plate 305 is disposed on the baffle 303 and corresponds to the position of the opening. The upper edge of the movable plate 305 is rotatably connected to the baffle 303, allowing the movable plate 305 to rotate inward or outward. The shape and size of the movable plate 305 match the opening, and its outline may be slightly larger than the outline of the opening, so as to completely cover and seal the opening in the closed state. The lower edge of the movable plate 305 is a free end without any locking mechanism, and it hangs down naturally under its own weight and adheres to the baffle 303. At this time, the inner surface of the movable plate 305 is pressed against the edge of the opening, and the opening is in a covered and closed state. When the level of the mud or debris flow slurry inside the second flow channel 301 rises to the height of the lower edge of the opening, the slurry exerts an outward lateral pushing force on the inner surface of the movable plate 305. This pushing force increases with the rise in liquid level. When the pressure generated by the liquid level is sufficient to overcome the weight of the movable plate 305, the movable plate 305 flips outward, its lower edge lifts outward, and the opening gradually opens, allowing the internal slurry and some solid materials to be discharged from the opening. When the internal liquid level drops below the lower edge of the opening, the lateral pushing force disappears or decreases, and the movable plate 305 automatically rotates inward under its own weight. Its lower edge falls back and re-adheres to the outer wall of the baffle 303, and the opening is completely covered and sealed again. A sealing element is provided at the lower edge of the movable plate 305 or the lower edge of the opening to achieve a seal in the covered state to prevent slurry leakage at low liquid levels.

[0048] like Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, the baffle 303 is provided with a first limiting structure 5, which has a first limiting surface 501, for making the movable plate 305 abut against the first limiting surface 501 when the movable plate 305 opens the opening. Specifically, the baffle 303 is provided with the first limiting structure 5, which is located on the outer wall surface of the baffle 303 outside the movable plate 305. The first limiting structure 5 also has a first limiting surface 501, which is an inclined plane or arc-shaped surface facing the movable plate 305. When the movable plate 305 flips outward to open the opening under the pressure of the internal slurry, the outer surface of the movable plate 305 gradually approaches the first limiting surface 501 as it rotates. When the movable plate 305 flips to the preset maximum angle, its outer surface just abuts against the first limiting surface 501. At this time, the first limiting surface 501 prevents the movable plate 305 from rotating outward, keeping it stably in the maximum open position. The inclination angle of the first limiting surface 501 determines the maximum flip angle of the movable plate 305. This maximum flip angle is determined comprehensively based on the design drainage capacity and the gravity reset condition of the movable plate 305. It must ensure that the opening has sufficient opening area to meet emergency drainage needs, and also ensure that the movable plate 305 can smoothly reverse and reset to close under its own gravity after the liquid level drops. At the same time, there is a gap between the first limiting structure 5 and the movable plate 305 when the movable plate 305 is in the closed state. That is, the movable plate 305 does not contact the first limiting surface 501 when it is in the normal closed position, and only forms an abutment with the first limiting surface 501 when it is flipped to the extreme position. The first limiting structure 5 can be configured as a limiting block, limiting bracket, or limiting boss fixedly installed on the outer wall of the baffle 303, and fixed to the baffle 303 by welding, bolt connection, or integral casting. An elastic buffer pad layer can also be attached to the first limiting surface 501 to absorb impact energy and reduce collision noise when the movable plate 305 abuts, while preventing structural deformation or damage caused by hard impact between the movable plate 305 and the rigid limiting surface.

[0049] Similarly, such as Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, the baffle 303 is provided with a second limiting structure 6, which has a second limiting surface 601, for making the movable plate 305 abut against the second limiting surface 601 when the movable plate 305 covers the opening. Specifically, the baffle 303 is also provided with a second limiting structure 6, which is located on the inner wall surface of the baffle 303 inside the movable plate 305, and is arranged around the edge of the opening or at a position on the inner wall surface of the baffle 303 corresponding to when the movable plate 305 covers the opening. At the same time, the second limiting structure 6 has a second limiting surface 601, which is a plane or arc-shaped surface facing the movable plate 305. When the movable plate 305 rotates inward under its own gravity to cover the opening, the inner surface of the movable plate 305 gradually approaches the edge of the opening as it rotates. When the movable plate 305 completely covers the opening and is in the closed position, the inner surface of the movable plate 305 is exactly abutting against the second limiting surface 601. At this time, the second limiting surface 601 limits the maximum position of the movable plate 305 to continue rotating inward, so that the inner surface of the movable plate 305 is in close contact with the edge of the opening, ensuring that the opening is completely covered and closed. The position and orientation of the second limiting surface 601 are determined according to the spatial position of the movable plate 305 when it is in the closed state, so that the movable plate 305 can accurately stop in the same position after each reset and closure, avoiding the movable plate 305 from excessively rotating due to inertia or gravity and sinking into the inside of the opening, and preventing the movable plate 305 from being misaligned or stuck with the edge of the opening. Of course, the second limiting structure 6 can be set as an annular boss around the edge of the opening, limiting protrusions distributed in a local area of ​​the edge of the opening, or a limiting block set on the inner wall of the baffle 303, which is fixed to the baffle 303 by welding, bolt connection, or integral casting. A sealing gasket is also provided on the second limiting surface 601. When the movable plate 305 abuts against the second limiting surface 601, the sealing gasket is pressed between the inner surface of the movable plate 305 and the second limiting surface 601, thus playing a dual role of limiting and sealing, preventing slurry or fine particles from leaking from the gap between the movable plate 305 and the opening edge under low liquid level conditions. The second limiting structure 6 maintains a distance from the movable plate 305 when the movable plate 305 is in the fully open position, that is, the movable plate 305 does not contact the second limiting surface 601 in the maximum flip-open state, and only forms an abutment fit with the second limiting surface 601 when the movable plate 305 rotates to the closed position.

[0050] Further, in one embodiment, the movable plate 305 has an upper end face and a lower end face. The upper end face of the movable plate 305 is connected to the baffle 303 via a rotating shaft 7, and a counterweight is provided on its lower end face. This allows the movable plate 305 to rotate around the rotating shaft 7 under the weight of the counterweight to cover the opening. Specifically, the movable plate 305 has an upper end face and a lower end face. Its upper end face is connected to the baffle 303 via a rotating shaft 7, and the movable plate 305 is suspended on the rotating shaft 7 and can rotate freely around the rotating shaft 7. A counterweight is provided on the lower end face of the movable plate 305. The counterweight is fixedly installed on the outer or inner side of the lower end face of the movable plate 305 to increase the overall weight of the lower part of the movable plate 305, causing the center of gravity of the movable plate 305 to shift downward relative to the rotating shaft 7. When no external force is applied or the lateral pressure of the internal slurry is insufficient to overcome the gravitational torque generated by the movable plate 305 and the counterweight, the movable plate 305 rotates downward around the axis 7 under the drive of the counterweight's own weight. The lower end face of the movable plate 305 moves towards the opening until the movable plate 305 completely covers and adheres to the edge of the opening, thus closing the opening. The mass of the counterweight is determined according to the design conditions, and its size determines the liquid level threshold required for the movable plate 305 to open: the larger the mass of the counterweight, the higher the reliability of the movable plate 305's gravity-based closing, but a higher liquid level and greater lateral impact force are required to overcome the gravitational torque and cause the movable plate 305 to flip outward and open; the smaller the mass of the counterweight, the more sensitive the movable plate 305 is to open, but the sealing pressure during closing is correspondingly reduced. The counterweight can be integrally cast inside the lower end face of the movable plate 305, or detachably connected to the outside of the lower end face of the movable plate 305 by bolts. This allows for the replacement of counterweights of different masses according to different channel conditions and debris flow characteristics, flexibly adjusting the opening and closing response threshold of the movable plate 305. A shim or adjusting shim is also provided between the lower end face of the movable plate 305 and the counterweight to finely adjust the extension distance of the counterweight relative to the lower end face of the movable plate 305, changing the lever arm length of the counterweight's center of gravity relative to the rotating shaft 7, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the opening threshold. The outer surface of the counterweight is coated with an anti-rust and anti-corrosion coating to adapt to the harsh working environment of debris flows with high sand content and high humidity, ensuring that the counterweight does not corrode, lose weight, or rust and fall off during long-term use, thus ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the opening and closing performance of the movable plate 305.

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment, the width of the first flow channel 201 gradually decreases from upstream to downstream of the high flow resistance channel 101. Specifically, the first flow channel 201 extends longitudinally from the inlet end to the outlet end of the high flow resistance channel 101, and its width gradually decreases in the horizontal plane. That is, the width at the inlet end of the first flow channel 201 is at its maximum value, matching the inflow width of the channel 1 and the inlet width of the diversion component, to fully receive the debris flow. Extending downstream from the inlet end, the inner sidewalls on both sides of the first flow channel 201 gradually converge towards the centerline of the flow channel, and the horizontal distance between the two sidewalls continuously decreases along the flow direction, reaching its minimum value at the outlet end of the first flow channel 201. Thus, the inclined orientation of the inner sidewalls 203 on both sides makes them symmetrically and obliquely arranged relative to the centerline of the flow channel in the horizontal plane, with the angle between each sidewall and the centerline of the flow channel being an acute angle, gradually approaching the centerline from upstream to downstream.

[0052] The gradually narrowing width of the first flow channel 201 compresses and guides the debris flow. As the debris flow passes through the narrowing section, it is constrained by the side walls, causing the flow stream to gradually converge horizontally. The velocity direction is forced to deflect and converge towards the centerline. The local velocity of the fluid increases due to the narrowing cross-section, which is beneficial to the relative motion between coarse particles and the liquid phase in the debris flow, making it easier for the coarse particles to settle to the bottom of the channel. At the same time, the narrowed channel width allows the debris flow to be captured and collided with the deceleration inner walls 203 on both sides after passing through the diversion cone 202. This prevents the diverted debris flow from spreading and escaping to both sides of the channel, ensuring that the energy dissipation from the collision between the diversion cone 202 and the deceleration inner walls 203 remains effective throughout the entire length of the first flow channel 201.

[0053] Of course, the slope of the converging structure is determined based on the design flow rate and particle size distribution of the debris flow. Its contraction ratio is controlled to ensure that the width at the outlet is not less than one-third to one-half of the width at the inlet, preventing excessive compression and blockage within the flow channel. The converging section narrows linearly with a constant slope, and the inner walls 203 on both sides of the deceleration section are flat panels, facilitating manufacturing and on-site installation. The width of the bottom wall of the first flow channel 201 changes synchronously with the flow channel width, and the bottom plate 302 remains horizontal or has a slight longitudinal slope to facilitate the downstream movement of coarse particles at the bottom. The first permeable holes 204 are evenly distributed along the surface of the inner wall 203 of the converging section. Alternatively, the hole spacing is larger upstream of the converging section, and the hole spacing is appropriately increased downstream due to the narrowing of the flow channel, to compensate for the loss of permeable area caused by the reduced sidewall area of ​​the converging section, ensuring that liquid and fine particles can be continuously discharged throughout the entire converging region. The gradually narrowing sidewalls smoothly connect with the guide wing wall at the inlet end of the first flow channel 201, allowing the debris flow to naturally transition to the contraction section after entering the first flow channel 201 from the guide wing wall, thus avoiding local turbulence and energy loss caused by abrupt changes in the flow channel.

[0054] The diameter of the first water-permeable hole 204 is smaller than the diameter of the second water-permeable hole 304. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the first permeable hole 204 is located on the inner deceleration wall 203 of the first diversion structure 2. Its diameter is determined based on the boundary particle size between coarse and fine particles in the debris flow, and is used to intercept large rock fragments, allowing only the liquid phase and fine particles of mud and sand smaller than this hole size to pass through. The second permeable hole 304 is located on the bottom plate 302 and baffle 303 of the second diversion structure 3. Its diameter is larger than that of the first permeable hole 204, allowing relatively large fine particles or small-diameter gravel to pass through. In this way, a gradient filtration effect is formed along the upstream and downstream direction of the high flow resistance channel 101. The first diversion structure 2 is located at the upstream of the high flow resistance channel 101 and undertakes the initial interception task. Its smaller hole size ensures that most coarse particles are trapped inside the first flow channel 201, and only the liquid phase and extremely fine particles are discharged into the low flow resistance channel 102 through the first permeable hole 204, reducing the upper limit of the particle size and the total amount of solid matter entering the second flow channel 301. The second diversion structure 3 is located downstream of the first diversion structure 2. Its larger aperture allows the relatively small particles remaining after the first stage of interception to be discharged in time from the second permeable hole 304, preventing them from accumulating continuously in the second flow channel 301.

[0055] Of course, the aperture range of the first permeable hole 204 is set according to the minimum rock particle size expected to be intercepted, and is usually controlled below a preset particle size threshold, so that rock particles larger than this threshold cannot pass through. The aperture of the second permeable hole 304 is set to several times this threshold to ensure that the water permeability and sand removal efficiency of the second permeable hole 304 are much higher than those of the first permeable hole 204. This is conducive to forming a continuous water pressure gradient from the high flow resistance channel 101 to the low flow resistance channel 102, promoting the smooth migration of the liquid phase from upstream to downstream, and preventing the liquid phase from accumulating in the high flow resistance channel 101 and carrying fine particles for long-distance longitudinal transport. At the same time, the edges of the openings of the first permeable hole 204 and the second permeable hole 304 can be set as rounded corners or chamfers to reduce the cutting and wear of solid particles in the debris flow on the openings, and to prevent particles from getting stuck at the openings due to sharp edges.

[0056] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment, the width of the third channel 401 is at least partially gradually widening from upstream to downstream of the high flow resistance channel 101. Specifically, the width at the inlet end of the third channel 401 is consistent with the width at the outlet end of the second channel 301. In at least a section extending downstream from the inlet end, the side walls gradually widen away from the channel centerline, and the horizontal distance between the side walls continuously increases along the flow direction, reaching its maximum width at the end of the widening section or the outlet end of the third channel 401. This provides a gradually widening containment space for intercepting coarse rock fragments, preventing coarse particles from densely accumulating in the narrow channel to form arches or blockages. Simultaneously, it reduces the flow velocity of water and fine particles passing through the third channel 401, facilitating the smooth deposition of coarse particles at the bottom under gravity and friction, ensuring the formation of a stable, naturally resting slope, and preventing slope collapse that could block the channel. Of course, the widening section can continuously expand along the entire length of the third channel 401, or as... Figure 1 As shown, the widening is only set in a section near the inlet.

[0057] Preferably, the third flow channel 401 is provided with multiple deceleration grooves 402 at intervals. Specifically, due to the lack of water and silt in the third flow channel 401, there is significant frictional resistance between the rock blocks, which gradually slows down under the action of the deceleration grooves 402 and eventually accumulates in the area, thus facilitating subsequent dredging work. Of course, the aforementioned deceleration grooves 402 can also be replaced with steps, that is, the third flow channel 401 is provided with multiple steps, which are connected end to end so that the previous step is higher than the next step. Alternatively, the deceleration grooves 402 can be used in conjunction with steps.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the second diversion structure 3 further includes a plurality of columns 306 for supporting the base plate 302. On the one hand, the columns 306 are used to improve the stability of the second diversion structure 3, and on the other hand, they can suspend the base plate 302 on the channel 1 to prevent the second permeable holes 304 thereon from becoming blocked.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A debris flow diversion and control device, characterized in that, It includes a channel and a flow divider assembly disposed within the channel, the flow divider assembly dividing the channel into a high flow resistance channel located within the flow divider assembly and a low flow resistance channel located outside therefrom; The splitter component includes: At least one first diversion structure includes a first flow channel and a diversion cone disposed in the first flow channel. The first flow channel has a deceleration inner wall, which is arranged at an inclination to receive and collide with the debris flow diverted from the diversion cone. The deceleration inner wall is provided with a plurality of first permeable holes for connecting the low flow resistance channel and the first flow channel. The second diversion structure includes a base plate, two baffles disposed on opposite sides of the base plate, and a second flow channel defined by the base plate and the two baffles and communicating with the first flow channel. The base plate and the baffles are each provided with a plurality of second permeable holes for communicating with the low flow resistance channel and the second flow channel. The upper part of the baffle has an opening communicating with the low flow resistance channel and the second flow channel. The opening and closing of the opening are respectively responsive to the impact of the debris flow and its own gravity, so as to open with the impact of the debris flow and close as the mud level falls. as well as The third diversion structure includes a third channel located downstream of the second channel for collecting rock fragments, wherein the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel together form the high flow resistance channel.

2. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second diversion structure also includes a movable plate, which is rotatably disposed on the baffle and can rotate relative to the baffle to open or cover the opening.

3. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The baffle is provided with a first limiting structure, the first limiting structure having a first limiting surface, which is used to make the movable plate abut against the first limiting surface when the movable plate opens the opening.

4. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The baffle is provided with a second limiting structure, which has a second limiting surface, so that when the movable plate covers the opening, the movable plate abuts against the second limiting surface.

5. The debris flow diversion and control device according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The movable plate has an upper end face and a lower end face. The upper end face of the movable plate is connected to the baffle through a rotating shaft, and a counterweight is provided on its lower end face so that the movable plate can rotate around the rotating shaft by the weight of the counterweight to cover the opening.

6. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the first flow channel gradually decreases from upstream to downstream of the high flow resistance channel.

7. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The diameter of the first permeable hole is smaller than the diameter of the second permeable hole.

8. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the third flow channel is at least partially gradually widened from upstream to downstream of the high flow resistance channel.

9. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 1 or 8, characterized in that, The third flow channel is provided with multiple deceleration grooves at intervals; and / or The third flow channel is provided with multiple steps, which are connected end to end so that the previous step is higher than the next step.

10. The debris flow diversion and control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second diversion structure also includes a plurality of columns for supporting the base plate.

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