A template for a dredging device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a template type silt collecting and discharging device and method, and belongs to the technical field of underwater construction of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The device comprises template type silt collecting and discharging monomers, silt discharging branch pipes and silt discharging main pipes. The template type silt collecting and discharging monomers are embedded in the easily silted and blocked parts in front of a gate or a water intake by splicing and assembling. The silt discharging ends of the template type silt collecting and discharging monomers are connected with the corresponding silt discharging branch pipes. The silt discharging ends of the silt discharging branch pipes are connected with the silt discharging main pipes, and the silt discharging end of the silt discharging main pipe is connected with the internal corridor of a building. The device can be embedded in the easily silted and blocked parts in front of a gate or a water intake during the construction of a dam or a water intake. The device is connected with the internal corridor of a building, so that the automatic collection and discharge of silt in front of a gate or a water intake are realized, and the silt accumulation problem in front of a gate or a water intake is solved. Therefore, the device provides an effective solution for guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of a dam and improving the technical and economic rationality of a project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underwater construction technology for water conservancy and hydropower projects, specifically relating to a template-based silt collection and drainage device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Large and medium-sized hydropower projects are typically built in the deep mountains and gorges of Southwest China, where the gate elevations are significant and the water depth is deep. Serious siltation in front of the gates has become a major technical challenge affecting the safe and stable operation of these projects. As a crucial component of dams, deep-hole spillway structures are susceptible to siltation, which directly leads to insufficient gate opening force, seriously threatening the dam's operational safety or the normal functioning of the intake structures. Hydropower projects built on sediment-laden rivers, in addition to general siltation and blockage problems, commonly face complex issues such as difficulty in gate opening and closing due to siltation, increased damage to trash racks due to the mixing of silt and aquatic plants, and erosion of the gate slot structure caused by the coupling effect of silt abrasion and cavitation.

[0003] Currently, in water conservancy and hydropower engineering practice, various methods such as manual dredging, mechanical dredging, and underwater robots are commonly used for dredging operations in front of gates or water intakes. However, due to the low efficiency and high safety risks of manual dredging, the limited operating range and lack of flexibility of mechanical dredging, and the insufficient control stability and high operating costs of underwater robots, the dredging effects of these methods are generally unsatisfactory, and they all suffer from common problems such as low construction efficiency and easy damage to the gate body. Therefore, in order to better adapt to the complex siltation conditions in front of gates and water intakes and achieve safe and efficient dredging operations, it is urgent to develop a new type of silt collection and discharge device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a template-based silt collection and drainage device and method, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a templated silt collection and discharge device, including a templated silt collection and discharge unit, a silt discharge branch pipe (6) and a silt discharge main pipe (7); each of the templated silt collection and discharge units is pre-embedded in the easily silted and blocked parts in front of the gate or in front of the water intake by splicing and assembly method, and the silt discharge end of each templated silt collection and discharge unit is connected to the corresponding silt discharge branch pipe (6); the silt discharge end of each silt discharge branch pipe (6) is connected to the silt discharge main pipe (7), and the silt discharge end of the silt discharge main pipe (7) is connected to the internal corridor of the building;

[0007] Wherein: each of the templated sludge collection and discharge units includes a sludge collection component (1), a unit sludge discharge pipe (2), a maintenance valve (4), and an operating valve (5);

[0008] The silt collection component (1) includes a bucket-shaped silt collection chamber (1.1), the top of which is a rectangular silt collection opening (1.2) to allow the rectangular silt collection openings (1.2) of each of the templated silt collection and discharge units to be spliced ​​and fixed and to completely cover the easily silted and clogged parts; the bottom of the silt collection chamber (1.1) is a discharge opening (1.3), which is connected to the discharge branch pipe (6) through the unit discharge pipe (2); in the unit discharge pipe (2) The tail end is connected in series with the maintenance valve (4) and the operating valve (5) in the direction of silt discharge; when the maintenance valve (4) is closed, when the water flows through the easily silted and blocked parts, the mud and sand it carries settles and falls into the silt collection chamber (1.1) to realize the silt collection function; when the maintenance valve (4) and the operating valve (5) are opened at the same time, the silt collected in the silt collection chamber (1.1) is discharged from the single silt discharge pipe (2) into the silt discharge branch pipe (6) under the action of the water pressure of the water body above it to realize silt discharge.

[0009] Furthermore, the sludge discharge port (1.3) of the sludge collection chamber (1.1) is detachably connected to the single sludge discharge pipe (2) via a flange (3).

[0010] Furthermore, the operating valve (5) is equipped with a reverse water pump. When the sludge cannot flow due to abnormal reasons, the reverse water pump in the operating valve (5) is opened to flush water in the opposite direction to the sludge collection component (1) to agitate the deposited sludge and achieve normal sludge flow.

[0011] Furthermore, the silt collection chamber (1.1) has a trapezoidal structure, its silt discharge port (1.3) is a round hole, and its circumference is formed by four inclined flat plates; the inner wall surface of the silt collection chamber (1.1) is a smooth coated surface.

[0012] Furthermore, when the rectangular sludge collection ports (1.2) of each of the templated sludge collection and drainage units are spliced ​​and fixed to completely cover the parts that are prone to sludge accumulation and blockage, the two adjacent rectangular sludge collection ports (1.2) are connected and fixed at the contact position by a concrete pouring section (8).

[0013] Furthermore, the width of the concrete pouring section (8) is 1 to 2 m.

[0014] Furthermore, the rectangular sludge collection ports (1.2) of each of the templated sludge collection and discharge units are arranged in a horizontal and vertical array; the sludge collection components (1) of two adjacent columns merge into the same sludge discharge branch pipe (6).

[0015] Furthermore, the single sludge discharge pipe (2) is obliquely connected to the sludge discharge branch pipe (6), the sludge discharge branch pipe (6) is connected to the sludge discharge main pipe (7), and the sludge discharge main pipe (7) is connected to the internal corridor of the building at a 45° angle along the direction of sludge flow, so as to promote the smooth flow of sludge in the corresponding pipes.

[0016] The present invention also provides a silt collection and discharge method based on the aforementioned template-based silt collection and discharge device, comprising:

[0017] Step S1: In the area in front of the gate or in front of the water intake, which is prone to siltation and blockage, pre-embed modular silt collection and discharge units arranged in an array using a splicing and assembly method, so that the rectangular silt collection ports (1.2) of the modular silt collection and discharge units are connected and fixed at the contact position using concrete pouring sections (8); the discharge ends of each modular silt collection and discharge unit are merged into the discharge branch pipe (6), and the discharge branch pipe (6) is connected to the internal corridor of the building through the discharge main pipe (7);

[0018] Step S2, during the siltation stage, control the maintenance valve (4) to close. When the water flows through the area in front of the gate or in front of the water intake that is prone to siltation and blockage, the sediment it carries settles and falls into the siltation chamber (1.1).

[0019] Step S3: When the amount of silt deposited in the silt collection chamber (1.1) reaches the silt collection design amount or reaches the preset silt collection time, the maintenance valve (4) and the operation valve (5) are opened simultaneously. The silt collected in the silt collection chamber (1.1) is discharged from the single silt discharge pipe (2) into the silt discharge branch pipe (6) under the action of the water pressure of the water body above it, so as to realize silt discharge.

[0020] Step S4: When the amount of sludge in the sludge collection chamber (1.1) is reduced to the designed sludge discharge volume, or the preset sludge discharge time is reached, return to step S2 and enter the sludge collection stage.

[0021] This cycle continues continuously, enabling adaptive switching between silt collection and silt discharge.

[0022] 10. The silt collection and drainage method according to claim 9, characterized in that the preset silt collection time is estimated based on the flow pattern of water in the easily silted and blocked parts in front of the gate or water intake, the particle size distribution of silt and sand, and the volume of the silt collection chamber (1.1).

[0023] The template-based silt collection and drainage device and method provided by this invention have the following advantages:

[0024] This invention allows the device to be pre-embedded in areas prone to siltation and blockage, such as in front of the gate or water intake, during the construction of a dam or water intake. By connecting with the internal corridors of the structure, it enables the automated collection and discharge of silt in front of the gate or water intake, thereby solving the siltation problem in front of the gate or water intake and providing an effective solution for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the dam and improving the technical and economic rationality of the project. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a front cross-sectional view of the templated silt collection and discharge unit of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a top view of the templated silt collection and drainage unit of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the silt collection and discharge device assembled according to the present invention.

[0029] The components include: 1. Silt collection components; 2. Individual silt discharge pipes; 3. Flanges; 4. Inspection valves; 5. Operating valves; 6. Silt discharge branch pipes; 7. Silt discharge main pipes; 8. Concrete pouring sections; 1.1 Silt collection chambers; 1.2 Rectangular silt collection outlets; 1.3 Silt discharge outlets. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0031] Please see Figure 3 This invention provides a templated silt collection and drainage device, comprising a templated silt collection and drainage unit, silt drainage branch pipes 6, and silt drainage main pipe 7. The templated silt collection and drainage units are assembled according to the specific dimensions of easily silted and clogged areas such as in front of the gate or in front of the water intake. Each templated silt collection and drainage unit is pre-embedded in the easily silted and clogged areas in front of the gate or in front of the water intake using a splicing assembly method. The silt drainage end of each templated silt collection and drainage unit flows into the corresponding silt drainage branch pipe 6. The silt drainage end of each silt drainage branch pipe 6 flows into the silt drainage main pipe 7, and the silt drainage end of the silt drainage main pipe 7 is connected to an internal corridor of the building.

[0032] Therefore, by pre-embedding a template-based silt collection and discharge device, silt in front of the gate or water intake is deposited together in several silt collection components 1, and then flows into the corresponding silt discharge branch pipes 6 through their respective individual silt discharge pipes 2. The multiple silt discharge branch pipes 6 then flow into the silt discharge main pipe 7, and finally discharge into the internal corridor of the building through the silt discharge main pipe 7. The collected and discharged silt is treated in the internal corridor of the building, which can realize the automated collection and discharge of silt in front of the gate or water intake, thereby solving the siltation problem in front of the gate or water intake.

[0033] This invention optimizes the design of template-based silt collection and discharge units. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The templated sludge collection and discharge unit includes a front sectional view and a top view. Each templated sludge collection and discharge unit includes a sludge collection component 1, a unit discharge pipe 2, a maintenance valve 4, and an operating valve 5.

[0034] The silt collection component 1 includes a bucket-shaped silt collection chamber 1.1, the top of which is a rectangular silt collection opening 1.2. Designing the silt collection opening as rectangular rather than circular allows the rectangular silt collection openings 1.2 of each of the templated silt collection and discharge units to be spliced ​​and fixed, completely covering areas prone to siltation and blockage. This ensures a robust splicing and assembly of the silt collection component 1. Figure 3 Two adjacent rectangular sludge collection ports 1.2 are connected and fixed at the contact position by a concrete pouring section 8. The width of the concrete pouring section 8 should be 1 to 2 m to reduce the requirements for the assembly accuracy of the template-based sludge collection and drainage device. At the same time, the template-based sludge collection and drainage device can be used as a template for concrete pouring.

[0035] The bottom end of the silt collection chamber 1.1 is a silt discharge port 1.3, which is a round hole. The circumference of the silt collection chamber 1.1 is formed by four inclined flat plates. The inner wall surface of the silt collection chamber 1.1 is a smooth coated surface. When silt is deposited in the silt collection chamber 1.1 in front of the gate or in front of the water intake and flows out of the silt collection chamber 1.1 under the action of the water pressure above, the inner wall surface of the silt collection chamber 1.1 is designed to be a smooth coated surface, which can avoid wet silt adhering to the inner wall surface and making it difficult to effectively discharge silt.

[0036] The sludge discharge port 1.3 at the bottom of the sludge collection chamber 1.1 is connected to the sludge discharge branch pipe 6 through the single sludge discharge pipe 2. In actual application, the sludge discharge port 1.3 of the sludge collection chamber 1.1 and the single sludge discharge pipe 2 are detachably connected by a flange 3. The sludge collection chamber 1.1 can be repaired or replaced by removing the flange 3.

[0037] At the tail end of the single sludge discharge pipe 2, the maintenance valve 4 and the operating valve 5 are connected in series in the sludge discharge direction. When the maintenance valve 4 is closed, on the one hand, the sludge in the sludge collection component 1 cannot flow out through the single sludge discharge pipe 2, allowing for maintenance operations on subsequent corresponding pipes and corridors. On the other hand, the closed maintenance valve 4 achieves the sludge collection function, that is, when the water flows through easily silted and blocked areas, the sediment it carries settles and falls into the sludge collection chamber 1.1, thus achieving the sludge collection function. When the maintenance valve 4 and the operating valve 5 are opened simultaneously, the sludge discharge function is achieved, that is, the sludge collected in the sludge collection chamber 1.1 is discharged from the single sludge discharge pipe 2 into the sludge discharge branch pipe 6 under the action of the water pressure above it, thus achieving sludge discharge. In addition, the operating valve 5 is equipped with a reverse water pump. When the sludge cannot flow due to abnormal reasons, the reverse water pump in the operating valve 5 is opened to flush water in the reverse direction towards the sludge collection component 1 to agitate the deposited sludge and achieve normal sludge flow.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the rectangular sludge collection ports 1.2 of each of the templated sludge collection and discharge units are arranged in a horizontal and vertical array; the sludge collection components 1 of two adjacent columns merge into the same sludge discharge branch pipe 6 to improve the utilization efficiency of the sludge discharge branch pipe 6.

[0039] In addition, the single sludge discharge pipe 2 is obliquely connected to the sludge discharge branch pipe 6, the sludge discharge branch pipe 6 is connected to the sludge discharge main pipe 7, and the sludge discharge main pipe 7 is connected to the internal corridor of the building at a 45° angle along the direction of sludge flow, so as to promote the smooth flow of sludge in the corresponding pipes and achieve smooth sludge discharge.

[0040] The present invention also provides a method for collecting and discharging silt using a template-based silt collection and discharge device, comprising:

[0041] Step S1: In areas prone to siltation and blockage, pre-embed modular silt collection and discharge units arranged in an array using a splicing and assembly method. The rectangular silt collection ports 1.2 of the modular silt collection and discharge units are connected and fixed at the contact position using concrete pouring sections 8. The discharge ends of each modular silt collection and discharge unit are connected to the discharge branch pipe 6, and the discharge branch pipe 6 is connected to the internal corridor of the building through the discharge main pipe 7.

[0042] Step S2: During the silt collection stage, control the maintenance valve 4 to close. When the water flows through the easily silted and blocked parts in front of the gate or the water intake, the sediment it carries settles and falls into the silt collection chamber 1.1.

[0043] Step S3: When the amount of silt deposited in the silt collection chamber 1.1 reaches the silt collection design amount or the preset silt collection time is reached, the control valve 4 and the operating valve 5 are opened simultaneously. The silt collected in the silt collection chamber 1.1 is discharged from the single silt discharge pipe 2 into the silt discharge branch pipe 6 under the action of the water pressure of the water body above it, so as to realize silt discharge.

[0044] In this invention, only the on / off control of the inspection valve 4 and the operating valve 5 is required, and the sludge removal function can be achieved by using water pressure. There is no need to set up additional mechanical components such as sludge removal pumps, which has the advantages of low energy consumption and easy operation and maintenance.

[0045] In practical applications, the preset silt collection time is estimated based on the flow pattern of water, the distribution of sediment particle size, and the volume of the silt collection chamber 1.1 at the locations in front of the gate or water intake that are prone to siltation and blockage.

[0046] This invention proposes an algorithm for estimating sediment accumulation time as follows:

[0047] Step A1: Based on the total flow rate of the section upstream of the gate or intake. and average sediment content of incoming water Calculate the total sediment transport mass per unit time of the cross-section. ;

[0048] Step A2: Calculate the sediment settling interception coefficient in the siltation zone. ;in, Dimensionless ; The average sediment settling velocity is calculated based on the median particle size of the mainstream sediment in the siltation area. Sure; This represents the average flow velocity across the sedimentation zone; its physical meaning is the ratio of the average sediment settling velocity to the average flow velocity across the sedimentation zone. A lower flow velocity indicates coarser sediment. The larger the size, the more sedimentation occurs. At that time, all the silt settled. Take 1;

[0049] Average sediment settling velocity ; This refers to the density of sediment particles; The density of water; It is the acceleration due to gravity; Hydrodynamic viscosity;

[0050] Step A3: Calculate the percentage of the siltation cross-sectional area covered by all silt collection bins. :

[0051]

[0052] in: The total number of templated silt collection and discharge units; The area of ​​the rectangular silt collection inlet for water to collect silt; The total cross-sectional area of ​​the siltation zone in front of the gate or water intake;

[0053] Step A4, Unit sediment settling mass in a single compartment :

[0054]

[0055] because Simplified to ;

[0056] Step A5: Calculate the time required for silt to accumulate to the critical silt volume. :

[0057]

[0058] in: Meaning: The ideal time for accumulation of sediment without loss or disturbance; The critical sludge mass for triggering sludge discharge in a single compartment; ; The sludge volume designed for a single silt collection compartment is the effective sludge storage volume of the compartment, which is the volume of sludge filled to the point where the sludge discharge threshold is triggered. The wet density of saturated silt was measured by on-site silt sampling.

[0059] Step A6: In actual working conditions, there are water flow disturbances, secondary suspension of sediment, loss of silt at the edges and corners, and losses due to water level fluctuations. Therefore, a sediment retention correction coefficient is introduced. At the same time, increase the water level fluctuation correction coefficient. The preset silt collection time is obtained. :

[0060]

[0061] in: Empirical coefficient, 0.6~0.9, with lower values ​​for high flow velocities and strong turbulence; The reference values ​​are: 0.7~0.95 for large water level fluctuations, and 1.0 for stable water depth.

[0062] Step S4: When it is detected that the amount of sludge in the sludge collection chamber 1.1 has decreased to the designed sludge discharge volume, or has reached the preset sludge discharge time, return to step S2 and enter the sludge collection stage.

[0063] This cycle continues continuously, enabling adaptive switching between silt collection and silt discharge.

[0064] The template-based silt collection and discharge device and method provided by this invention have the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0065] 1. This invention pre-embeds templated silt collection and discharge devices in areas prone to siltation and blockage, such as in front of the gate and in front of the water intake, transforming the traditional periodic excavation treatment after silt deposition into real-time drainage treatment. This enables automated collection and discharge of silt in front of the gate or in front of the water intake, while avoiding potential damage to the gate body caused by manual / mechanical dredging, underwater robots, and other dredging methods, thus greatly improving the adaptability of underwater dredging operations.

[0066] 2. This invention proposes a "template-based assembly" construction concept for silt collection and drainage devices, which improves the adaptability and applicability of the devices and provides an effective silt removal solution for dealing with complex siltation conditions in front of gates or water intakes. This is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the project.

[0067] 3. The present invention has a clear technical route, simple construction method, strong operability, and excellent technical and economic efficiency, and has strong engineering practice value.

[0068] It should be noted that, depending on the specific implementation needs, the various steps / components described in this invention can be broken down into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or parts of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of this invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of this invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A template-based silt collection and discharge device, characterized in that, It includes a templated silt collection and discharge unit, a silt discharge branch pipe (6), and a silt discharge main pipe (7); each of the templated silt collection and discharge units is pre-embedded in the easily silted and blocked parts in front of the gate or in front of the water intake by splicing and assembly, and the silt discharge end of each templated silt collection and discharge unit flows into the corresponding silt discharge branch pipe (6); the silt discharge end of each silt discharge branch pipe (6) flows into the silt discharge main pipe (7), and the silt discharge end of the silt discharge main pipe (7) is connected to the internal corridor of the building; Wherein: each of the templated sludge collection and discharge units includes a sludge collection component (1), a unit sludge discharge pipe (2), a maintenance valve (4), and an operating valve (5); The silt collection component (1) includes a bucket-shaped silt collection chamber (1.1), the top of which is a rectangular silt collection opening (1.2) to allow the rectangular silt collection openings (1.2) of each of the templated silt collection and discharge units to be spliced ​​and fixed and to completely cover the easily silted and clogged parts; the bottom of the silt collection chamber (1.1) is a discharge opening (1.3), which is connected to the discharge branch pipe (6) through the unit discharge pipe (2); in the unit discharge pipe (2) The tail end is connected in series with the maintenance valve (4) and the operating valve (5) in the direction of silt discharge; when the maintenance valve (4) is closed, when the water flows through the easily silted and blocked parts, the mud and sand it carries settles and falls into the silt collection chamber (1.1) to realize the silt collection function; when the maintenance valve (4) and the operating valve (5) are opened at the same time, the silt collected in the silt collection chamber (1.1) is discharged from the single silt discharge pipe (2) into the silt discharge branch pipe (6) under the action of the water pressure of the water body above it to realize silt discharge.

2. The template-based silt collection and discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sludge discharge port (1.3) of the sludge collection chamber (1.1) is detachably connected to the single sludge discharge pipe (2) via a flange (3).

3. The template-based silt collection and discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating valve (5) is equipped with a reverse water pump. When the sludge cannot flow due to abnormal reasons, the reverse water pump in the operating valve (5) is opened to flush water in the opposite direction to the sludge collection component (1) to agitate the deposited sludge and realize the normal flow of the sludge.

4. The template-based silt collection and discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silt collection chamber (1.1) has a trapezoidal structure, and its silt discharge port (1.3) is a round hole. Its circumference is formed by four inclined flat plates. The inner wall surface of the silt collection chamber (1.1) is a smooth coated surface.

5. A template-based silt collection and discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the rectangular sludge collection ports (1.2) of each of the templated sludge collection and drainage units are spliced ​​and fixed and completely cover the parts that are prone to sludge accumulation and blockage, the two adjacent rectangular sludge collection ports (1.2) are connected and fixed at the contact position by a concrete pouring section (8).

6. A template-based silt collection and discharge device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the concrete pouring section (8) is 1 to 2 m.

7. A template-based silt collection and discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular sludge collection ports (1.2) of each of the templated sludge collection and discharge units are arranged in a horizontal and vertical array; the sludge collection components (1) of two adjacent columns merge into the same sludge discharge branch pipe (6).

8. A template-based silt collection and discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single sludge discharge pipe (2) and the sludge discharge branch pipe (6), the sludge discharge branch pipe (6) and the sludge discharge main pipe (7), and the sludge discharge main pipe (7) and the internal corridor of the building are respectively connected at a 45° oblique angle along the direction of sludge flow to promote the smooth flow of sludge in the corresponding pipes.

9. A method for collecting and draining silt based on a templated silt collection and drainage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: Step S1: In the area in front of the gate or in front of the water intake, which is prone to siltation and blockage, pre-embed modular silt collection and discharge units arranged in an array using a splicing and assembly method, so that the rectangular silt collection ports (1.2) of the modular silt collection and discharge units are connected and fixed at the contact position using concrete pouring sections (8); the discharge ends of each modular silt collection and discharge unit are merged into the discharge branch pipe (6), and the discharge branch pipe (6) is connected to the internal corridor of the building through the discharge main pipe (7); Step S2, during the siltation stage, control the maintenance valve (4) to close. When the water flows through the area in front of the gate or in front of the water intake that is prone to siltation and blockage, the sediment it carries settles and falls into the siltation chamber (1.1). Step S3: When the amount of silt deposited in the silt collection chamber (1.1) reaches the silt collection design amount or reaches the preset silt collection time, the maintenance valve (4) and the operation valve (5) are opened simultaneously. The silt collected in the silt collection chamber (1.1) is discharged from the single silt discharge pipe (2) into the silt discharge branch pipe (6) under the action of the water pressure of the water body above it, so as to realize silt discharge. Step S4: When the amount of sludge in the sludge collection chamber (1.1) is reduced to the designed sludge discharge volume, or the preset sludge discharge time is reached, return to step S2 and enter the sludge collection stage. This cycle continues continuously, enabling adaptive switching between silt collection and silt discharge.

10. The silt collection and drainage method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Based on the flow pattern of water, sediment particle size distribution, and volume of the sediment collection chamber (1.1) at the easily silted and clogged areas in front of the sluice gate or intake, the preset sediment collection time is estimated using the following method: Step A1: Based on the total flow rate of the section upstream of the gate or intake. and average sediment content of incoming water Calculate the total sediment transport mass per unit time of the cross-section. ; Step A2: Calculate the sediment settling interception coefficient in the siltation zone. ;in, Dimensionless ; The average sediment settling velocity is calculated based on the median particle size of the mainstream sediment in the siltation area. Sure; This represents the average flow velocity across the sedimentation zone; its physical meaning is the ratio of the average sediment settling velocity to the average flow velocity across the sedimentation zone. A lower flow velocity indicates coarser sediment. The larger the size, the more sedimentation occurs. At that time, all the silt settled. Take 1; Average sediment settling velocity ; This refers to the density of sediment particles; The density of water; It is the acceleration due to gravity; Hydrodynamic viscosity; Step A3: Calculate the percentage of the siltation cross-sectional area covered by all silt collection bins. : ； in: The total number of templated silt collection and discharge units; The area of ​​the rectangular silt collection inlet for water to collect silt; The total cross-sectional area of ​​the siltation zone in front of the gate or water intake; Step A4, Unit sediment settling mass in a single compartment : ； because Simplified to ; Step A5: Calculate the time required for silt to accumulate to the critical silt volume. : ； in: Meaning: The ideal time for accumulation of sediment without loss or disturbance; The critical sludge mass for triggering sludge discharge in a single compartment; ; The sludge volume designed for a single silt collection compartment is the effective sludge storage volume of the compartment, which is the volume of sludge filled to the point where the sludge discharge threshold is triggered. The wet density of saturated silt was measured by on-site silt sampling. Step A6: In actual working conditions, there are water flow disturbances, secondary suspension of sediment, loss of silt at the edges and corners, and losses due to water level fluctuations. Therefore, a sediment retention correction coefficient is introduced. At the same time, increase the water level fluctuation correction coefficient. The preset silt collection time is obtained. : ； in: Empirical coefficient, 0.6~0.9, with lower values ​​for high flow velocities and strong turbulence; The reference values ​​are: 0.7~0.95 for large water level fluctuations, and 1.0 for stable water depth.

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