Wind-driven light and shadow interactive building skin module, curtain wall system and control method

Abstract

The application provides a wind-driven light and shadow interactive building skin module, a curtain wall system and a control method, and relates to the field of building integrated renewable energy and intelligent interaction technology.The application adopts a phase staggered vertical axis wind turbine array, so that at least one blade of the wind wheel of the whole vertical axis wind turbine array is in a wind attack angle at any time, and stable and continuous energy collection is realized;the electric energy generated by the rotation of the vertical axis wind turbine is mapped to the power generation state and the illumination brightness and the human existence state and the illumination color temperature through the control module, so that the invisible wind energy intensity is converted into the visible light and shadow change of the building skin in real time, stably and intuitively;and the final light and shadow output completely avoids the flicker and abrupt change caused by the instantaneous change of the wind force or the personnel through the control module, so that the smoothness and stability of the light and shadow interactive building skin module interaction experience are finally improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building-integrated renewable energy and intelligent interaction technology, and in particular to a wind-driven light and shadow interactive building skin module, curtain wall system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Subtropical coastal cities benefit from sea-land breeze circulation and monsoon systems, possessing stable wind resources, but their urban wind energy potential remains largely untapped. Traditional horizontal-axis wind turbines are unsuitable for densely populated urban areas due to their large diameter, high start-up wind speed, noise, and visual intrusion. The concept of building-integrated wind turbines embeds small, distributed wind energy harvesting devices into the building facade.

[0003] Among candidate wind turbine types, vertical axis wind turbines are particularly well-suited for urban environments because they can accept wind from any direction, have low start-up wind speeds, are compact, and produce low noise. Within the VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) family, the drag-type Savonius rotor offers reliable self-starting capability, rapid response to wind speed fluctuations, and a simple geometry that is easy to manufacture, making it more suitable for building integration than the lift-type Darrieus rotor.

[0004] The performance of the Savonius rotor is highly sensitive to several geometric parameters, primarily including aspect ratio, overlap ratio, radius ratio, torsion angle, and taper ratio. Current technologies have the following gaps: the effects of the coupling of multiple parameters lack systematic experimental verification; most research remains at the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation stage, lacking support from physical prototype manufacturing and test data; existing BIWT (Building-Integrated Wind Turbine) products and research generally treat wind power generation as a purely energy production device, lacking interactive functions with building users.

[0005] Existing building-integrated wind power generation devices have the following shortcomings: First, the single-stage Savonius rotor has a torque dead zone during the rotation cycle; second, the real-time status of wind power generation is not visible to building users; and third, there is a lack of comprehensive response to multi-dimensional environmental parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a building skin module that can stably start up, efficiently capture wind energy, and convert wind energy and environmental parameters into visual interactive signals in real time, intuitively and stably, thereby improving the interactivity and aesthetics of the building environment.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a wind-driven light and shadow interactive building skin module, comprising: a frame; a rotor array mounted on the frame, the rotor array including at least one column of rotor components, each column of rotor components including multiple vertical axis wind turbines connected in series along a vertical axis, and the rotor blades of adjacent vertical axis wind turbines in the same column having a phase difference; a power generation module connected to the rotor array for converting the rotational kinetic energy of the vertical axis wind turbines into electrical energy; a lighting module disposed on the frame; a sensing module including a human body sensor for detecting the presence of a human body and a voltage sensor for detecting a voltage signal representing the power generation state; and a control module electrically connected to the lighting module and the sensing module respectively, the control module being configured to: receive the voltage signal detected by the voltage sensor and smooth the voltage signal to obtain a filtered voltage value; calculate the target brightness value of the lighting module based on the filtered voltage value; receive the human body presence signal detected by the human body sensor and determine the target color temperature of the lighting module based on the human body presence signal; and generate a driving signal according to the target brightness value and the target color temperature and output it to the lighting module to control the light emission state of the lighting module.

[0008] Optionally, each rotor assembly includes three vertical axis wind turbines connected in series along the vertical axis, with a phase difference of 90° / (n-1) between two adjacent vertical axis wind turbines, where n is the number of vertical axis wind turbines on the rotor assembly.

[0009] Optionally, the rotor blade geometry of the vertical axis wind turbine includes at least the following parameters: an aspect ratio of 1.3 to 1.5, a taper ratio of 1.1 to 1.3, and a twist angle of 40° to 50°.

[0010] Optionally, the smoothing process is a low-pass filtering process, and the formula for the low-pass filtering process is: filteredVolts = filteredVolts * 0.95 + rawVolts * 0.05.

[0011] Optionally, the target brightness value is calculated based on the filter voltage value through a linear mapping; the linear mapping is a piecewise linear mapping: when the filter voltage value is less than or equal to the first voltage threshold, the target brightness value is a minimum brightness value; when the filter voltage value is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold, the target brightness value is a maximum brightness value; when the filter voltage value is between the first voltage threshold and the second voltage threshold, the target brightness value is calculated through linear interpolation.

[0012] Optionally, the driving signal is generated using a smoothing algorithm based on the target brightness value and target color temperature; the smoothing algorithm is an exponential smoothing algorithm, and the current output value = current output value + (target value - current output value) * K, where the value of K ranges from 0.01 to 0.1.

[0013] Optionally, K is 0.05.

[0014] Optionally, when the human presence status signal indicates that someone is present, the target color temperature is warm white; when the human presence status signal indicates that no one is present, the target color temperature is cool white.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a building curtain wall, which is equipped with multiple wind-driven light and shadow interactive building skin modules as described above, and the multiple wind-driven light and shadow interactive building skin modules are spliced ​​on the building facade in an array.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides a control method for wind-driven light and shadow interaction, applied to the control module of the wind-driven light and shadow interaction building skin module as described above. The control method includes the following steps: S1, receiving a voltage signal detected by a voltage sensor and performing low-pass filtering on the voltage signal to obtain a filtered voltage value; S2, calculating the target brightness value of the lighting module based on the filtered voltage value; S3, receiving a human presence status signal detected by a human presence sensor and determining the target color temperature of the lighting module based on the human presence status signal; S4, generating a drive signal according to the target brightness value and the target color temperature and outputting it to the lighting module.

[0017] Implementing this invention provides the following beneficial effects: By employing a phase-staggered vertical axis wind turbine array, this invention ensures that at least one rotor blade of the entire array is at the wind-attack angle at all times. Combined with the power generation module, this allows the vertical axis wind turbines to effectively capture wind energy from all directions, overcoming torque dead zones and achieving stable and continuous energy harvesting. The electrical energy generated by the rotation of the vertical axis wind turbines is mapped through the control module to the power generation status and lighting brightness, as well as the human presence status and lighting color temperature, transforming the intangible wind energy intensity into visible light and shadow changes on the building facade in a real-time, stable, and intuitive manner. Through human... A motion sensor detects the status of people, and the control module determines the target color temperature accordingly. This allows the output light color of the lighting module to respond to people's approach or departure, enabling proactive interaction of the building's facade based on human presence. The low-pass filtering and smoothing algorithms employed by the control module work together to completely avoid flickering and abrupt changes in the final light and shadow output that may occur due to instantaneous changes in wind force or people, ensuring visual comfort and elegance during the interaction process. The synergistic effect of these technical features makes the building facade a responsive and stable visual interactive interface for the wind environment, enhancing the building's environmental education value, urban aesthetic value, and humanistic affinity. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the light and shadow interactive building skin module in one embodiment; Figure 2 As shown in one embodiment, the power output time series diagrams for nine rotor variants are presented. Figure 3 As one embodiment, a bar chart comparing the average power of nine rotor variants across three speeds; Figures 4a-4f In one embodiment, the main effects plot and the two-factor interaction plot of the full factorial analysis are shown. Figure 5 In one embodiment, a schematic diagram of the changes in light before and after the sensing module detects the presence of a human body is provided. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the sensing module detects changes in light intensity under different power generation states in one embodiment.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Frame; 2. Rotor assembly; 3. DC generator. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The step numbers in the following embodiments are only for ease of explanation and do not limit the order of the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0021] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0022] In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] Example 1 In this embodiment, as Figure 1 The wind-driven light and shadow interactive building skin module shown includes: Framework 1; The rotor array is mounted on the frame 1. The rotor array includes at least one column of rotor assembly 2. Each column of rotor assembly 2 includes multiple vertical axis wind turbines arranged in series along the vertical axis. The rotor blades of adjacent vertical axis wind turbines in the same column have a phase difference, so that at any time, at least one rotor blade of a vertical axis wind turbine is at the angle of wind attack. The power generation module is connected to the rotor array and is used to convert the rotational kinetic energy of the vertical axis wind turbine into electrical energy. An energy storage module, which is connected to the power generation module, is used to store the electrical energy generated by the power generation module; Lighting module, the lighting module is mounted on frame 1; The sensing module includes a human body sensor for detecting the presence of a human body and a voltage sensor for detecting a voltage signal representing the power generation state. The control module is electrically connected to the energy storage module, lighting module, and sensing module, and is configured as follows: The voltage signal detected by the voltage sensor is received and low-pass filtered to obtain the filtered voltage value. Calculate the target brightness value of the lighting module based on the filtered voltage value; It receives the human presence status signal detected by the human presence sensor and determines the target color temperature of the lighting module based on the human presence status signal; Based on the target brightness value and target color temperature, a drive signal is generated and output to the lighting module to control the lighting module's light emission state.

[0025] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, frame 1 is a rigid rectangular frame formed by splicing aluminum profiles. Multiple rotor mounting positions are arranged in a pre-defined array inside frame 1. The top and bottom of frame 1 are equipped with electrical compartments enclosed by black and white acrylic panels to house control circuits, batteries, and sensors. The entire frame 1 is designed as a standard unit according to relevant standards to facilitate splicing and expansion on building curtain walls.

[0026] In this embodiment, all rotors in the rotor array are Savonius type vertical axis wind turbines. The rotor array is arranged in a 3×3 array, that is, three rows of rotor assemblies 2 are arranged in parallel within the frame 1. Each row of rotor assemblies 2 includes three rotor blades that are installed in parallel on the shaft of the same vertical axis wind turbine.

[0027] In this embodiment, the blade geometry of each rotor is controlled by the following five parameters: Aspect Ratio (AR): The ratio of rotor height to diameter; the larger the AR, the taller the rotor and the larger the sweeping area per unit area. In the prior art, the effective range of AR is usually between 0.8 and 2.0.

[0028] Taper ratio (TR): The ratio of the radius at the center of the blade to the radius at the tip; TR=1.0 is the standard cylindrical profile, TR>1.0 produces a barrel shape (bulging outward in the middle), and TR<1.0 produces an hourglass shape (constricted inward in the middle).

[0029] Twist Angle (TA): The circumferential twist angle of the blade cross section along the rotation axis; TA=0° is a straight blade, and a non-zero value produces a spiral geometry. The spiral shape allows the blade to capture wind from different directions at different heights, resulting in a smoother torque output.

[0030] Overlap Ratio (OR): The ratio of the gap between two blades to the blade chord length, which affects the airflow between the two blades; Arc Radius Ratio (ARR): The ratio of the blade's arc shape to its diameter.

[0031] In this embodiment, the aspect ratio, taper ratio, and torsion angle are the three main design variables for the rotor blades of the vertical axis wind turbine, while the overlap ratio and arc diameter ratio are kept as fixed values.

[0032] In this embodiment, the aspect ratio is 1.3~1.5, the taper ratio is 1.1~1.3, and the torsion angle is 40°~50°.

[0033] In this embodiment, each rotor assembly 2 includes three vertical axis wind turbines connected in series along the vertical axis, and the phase difference between the rotor blades of adjacent vertical axis wind turbines in the same column is 40°~50°.

[0034] Preferably, in the same rotor assembly 2, the upper rotor blade is offset by 45° around the circumference of the rotor axis relative to the rotor blade immediately below it. That is, when viewed from above, the three rotors of the same rotor array are phase-shifted in projection, ensuring that at least one blade in the entire column is at the optimal wind angle at any given time. This eliminates the torque dead zone of a single-stage Savonius rotor, guarantees reliable self-starting from a standstill, and provides more continuous torque output during rotation.

[0035] In this embodiment, the 45° phase difference between the rotor blades of adjacent vertical axis wind turbines in the same column is determined based on the following: Firstly, geometrically, there are three rotors in the same column, installed sequentially from top to bottom. Since the light and shadow interactive building skin module of this invention is installed on the building surface during use, one side of the frame 1 for mounting the rotor assembly 2 is a wall and is not exposed to wind. Therefore, when considering the wind angle of attack, only a 180° range of the building surface needs to be considered. To ensure that at any given time, the rotor blades of the vertical axis wind turbine are in the wind-facing direction, and since each vertical axis wind turbine includes two centrally symmetrical rotor blades, it is only necessary to ensure that the phase difference between the rotor blades of the topmost and bottommost vertical axis wind turbines in the rotor assembly 2 is 90°. This ensures that when each rotor assembly 2 has three or more vertical axis wind turbines, the wind-facing orientation of the rotor blades of the vertical axis wind turbines is different at any given time, and the entire rotor assembly 2 forms a staggered wind-facing and visually spiral effect. The phase difference between adjacent vertical axis wind turbines on the rotor assembly 2 is 90° / (n-1), where n is the number of vertical axis wind turbines on the rotor assembly 2.

[0036] Specifically, when each rotor assembly 2 has three vertical axis wind turbines, the phase difference between the rotor blades of the vertical axis wind turbines at the upper and lower ends needs to be 90° to ensure that the three rotors are in different wind directions, thereby covering different wind directions as much as possible. In different wind directions, there is a natural phase difference of 45° between two adjacent rotor blades.

[0037] Secondly, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in single rotor 2 3 In the full-factor physics experiments, the optimal level for the torsion angle (TA) parameter was 45°, meaning that a single rotor with a torsion angle of 45° performed best among the nine experimental variants. The installation angle of the phase-shifted configuration was numerically consistent with the optimal torsion angle for the single rotor.

[0038] In addition, the staggered arrangement of adjacent rotor blades at a 45° angle creates a visually dynamic spiraling effect, which better meets the display requirements of the building's facade.

[0039] In this embodiment, the power generation module is a DC generator 3 installed at the bottom of each rotor array. The three generators are connected in series for output, and the positive and negative terminals are connected to the battery charging circuit. The rotor array is connected to the shaft of the DC generator 3 for transmission, so that the torque generated by the wind is input into the DC generator 3 for power generation.

[0040] In this embodiment, the light and shadow interactive building skin module also includes an energy storage module. Specifically, the energy storage module uses a 12V lead-acid or lithium battery pack, is electrically connected to the power generation module, and is used to store the current generated by the DC generator 3. The energy storage module is also equipped with a charge and discharge protection circuit.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, the shaft of each rotor assembly 2 is connected to the shaft of the corresponding DC generator 3 via a coupling. The three DC generators 3 are electrically connected in series to generate a superimposed total voltage output. Because DC generators 3 are used, a rectifier bridge is unnecessary, simplifying the circuit structure.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the electrical energy output from the DC generator 3 is first fed into the energy storage module for charging and storage. The energy storage module then supplies power to the control module and the lighting module separately. This decoupled design, where the generator only charges and the battery only discharges, ensures that the brightness changes of the lighting module are entirely driven by the smooth voltage value after low-pass filtering by the energy storage module. This avoids flickering lights caused by instantaneous wind fluctuations, resulting in a smoother and more stable interactive experience.

[0043] It should be noted that under the test conditions, with three generators connected in series and a low wind speed provided by a small blower, the generated voltage and current did not exceed the safety threshold. Therefore, no dedicated overvoltage protection circuit was set up in this embodiment. However, in actual outdoor environments with higher wind speeds, mature voltage regulation solutions such as Zener diode clamping or solar charge controllers can be added as optional protection measures. Furthermore, the rotor array and frame 1 are designed to maintain rotation rather than lock up under high wind conditions. This is the opposite of the strategy of traditional large wind turbines that require emergency braking in high winds. Therefore, no electromagnetic braking or mechanical locking device was set up for the rotor array in this embodiment.

[0044] In this embodiment, the lighting module is a WS2812B independently addressable RGB LED light strip located at the shaft position of each rotor array. Preferably, the WS2812B light strip can be fitted into a milky white acrylic tube to soften the light.

[0045] In this embodiment, an LED light strip is installed at the shaft position of each rotor, fixed inside a transparent white acrylic tube, and arranged vertically along the rotation axis. Each light strip contains 79 LED beads, of which the bottom 0-8 beads (index 0-8) are set to be forcibly turned off, and only the 9th-78th beads (70 in total) are used for display, in order to avoid the structural obstruction area of ​​the bottom electrical compartment. All LED light strips receive the same control signal and synchronously display the same color and brightness. Control is achieved through a control module, utilizing multi-pin mirroring technology (the same LED data array is simultaneously output to three data pins, each pin driving one light strip), so that only one memory is needed to control all light strips, saving microcontroller memory resources.

[0046] In this embodiment, the sensing module includes a human body sensor and a voltage sensor. Specifically, the human body sensor is installed in the center of the front of the frame 1 to detect whether there is a person in front of the light and shadow interactive building skin module; and the human body sensor is a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor, such as HC-SR501. The voltage sensor is an INA226 voltage and current sensor module.

[0047] In this embodiment, the control module uses the Arduino UNO (an open-source microcontroller development board) as its core controller. Its control logic is as follows: a) Voltage filtering processing The raw bus voltage value acquired by the voltage sensor (INA226) is low-pass filtered. The specific algorithm for low-pass filtering is as follows: filteredVolts = (filteredVolts * 0.95) + (rawVolts * 0.05) Formula (1); Where filteredVolts is the filtered voltage value, rawVolts is the original voltage value, 0.95 is the filtered voltage coefficient, and 0.05 is the original voltage smoothing coefficient. These are all empirical parameters determined through repeated testing during the prototype light debugging process. When the original voltage smoothing coefficient is set to 0.05, the light transition is smoother, creating a gradually increasing and decreasing breathing effect, avoiding sudden changes and flickering caused by wind speed fluctuations. In the initial state, the initial filtered voltage value is set to 0, the initial color value is set to the value corresponding to cool white light, and the initial brightness value is set to the lowest brightness to ensure a stable start-up process; this operation can effectively eliminate high-frequency voltage fluctuations caused by unstable wind, ensuring smooth subsequent brightness output.

[0048] b) Luminance mapping (voltage → luminance) In this embodiment, the target brightness value is calculated based on the filtered voltage (filteredVolts) value through a linear mapping. The linear mapping is a piecewise linear mapping: When the filter voltage value is less than or equal to the first voltage threshold, the target brightness value is a minimum brightness value; When the filtered voltage value is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold, the target brightness value is a maximum brightness value; When the filter voltage value is between the first voltage threshold and the second voltage threshold, the target brightness value is calculated by linear interpolation.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first voltage threshold (i.e., the minimum voltage, VOLT) MIN The second voltage threshold (i.e., the maximum voltage, VOLT) is 12.0V. MAX The voltage is 27.0V.

[0050] Specifically, if the filter voltage is ≤ 12.0V (VOLT) MIN ), Target brightness = 10 (minimum brightness value, BRIGHT) MIN (approximately 3.9% brightness). If the filter voltage is ≥ 27.0V (VOLT) MAX ), Target brightness = 255 (maximum brightness value, BRIGHT) MAX (100% brightness); If the filter voltage is between 12.0V and 27.0V, the target brightness is calculated using linear interpolation, as follows: target Bright = BRIGHT MIN +(filteredVolts-VOLT MIN )* (BRIGHT MAX -BRIGHT MIN ) / (VOLT MAX - VOLT MIN ) formula (2); The brightness mapping algorithm ensures that even in calm or light winds and when power generation is extremely low, the LEDs maintain a minimum visible brightness (brightness value of 10) to prevent human interaction functions from being completely extinguished due to the lack of wind. The stronger the wind, the more power generated, and the higher the battery voltage, the brighter the LEDs become. The luminous intensity of the building facade directly reflects the abundance of wind energy resources in the city.

[0051] It should be noted that the minimum and maximum voltages are voltage ranges determined based on demonstration and commissioning results under laboratory conditions. These ranges correspond to the output range under minimum, medium, and maximum wind conditions when each rotor assembly 2 has three vertical-axis wind turbines connected in series, and are used to achieve better lighting demonstration effects.

[0052] In this embodiment, the urban wind environment is visualized through a direct mapping of wind power and light: a power-brightness linear mapping mechanism converts invisible wind force into visible luminous intensity. When sea breezes or monsoons intensify, the building facade brightens accordingly; when the wind is calm, the facade maintains a faint standby glow. This invention's interactive light and shadow building skin module becomes an interface for the public to intuitively perceive the urban wind environment, possessing dual value in environmental education and urban aesthetics.

[0053] c) Color temperature switching (human body sensor → color temperature) Set the target color based on the PIR sensor signal: In unattended mode: Target color = cool white, RGB value is (255, 255, 255); Person status: Target color = warm white, RGB value is (255, 147, 40).

[0054] Cool white corresponds to a color temperature of approximately 6500K, giving a refreshing and technological visual effect, representing the "standby" posture of the building when no one is around; warm white corresponds to a color temperature of approximately 3000K, which is warm and soft, simulating the effect of welcoming lighting, and establishing a friendly emotional connection between the building and pedestrians.

[0055] In this embodiment, the presence of a human body triggers a color temperature switch, establishing an emotional connection between the building and the person: when a pedestrian approaches, the light smoothly transitions from a cool white (~6500K) to a warm yellow (~3000K), creating a welcoming architectural interaction experience. After the person leaves, the light slowly returns to cool white, maintaining an elegant and gentle transition.

[0056] d) Smooth transition algorithm (exponential approximation) The actual displayed brightness and color do not jump directly to the target value, but rather approximate it gradually using an exponential smoothing algorithm, as detailed below: Current output value = Current output value + (Target value - Current output value) * K Formula (3); Here, K is the smoothing coefficient, which determines the transition speed—the smaller the value, the smoother the transition and the more noticeable the delay. The three color components of brightness, R, G, and B, are each subjected to this exponential smoothing algorithm to gradually approximate the transition.

[0057] In this embodiment, the value of K ranges from 0.01 to 0.1, preferably 0.05.

[0058] The smooth transition algorithm enables: As people approach, the light gradually changes from cool white to warm white, rather than abruptly changing; After the person left, the lights gradually faded from warm white back to cool white, rather than switching instantly; The changes in brightness caused by wind speed variations are also gentle and gradual, without flickering.

[0059] e) Global brightness control and refresh Finally, the calculated color values ​​are written to the LED array (effective LED indices 9-78), the global brightness is set, and the three LED strips are refreshed simultaneously. The refresh cycle is approximately 10ms, corresponding to a refresh rate of approximately 100Hz, ensuring smooth visuals.

[0060] Example 2 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, provides an experiment on the optimal parametric design of rotor blades for a vertical axis wind turbine.

[0061] In this embodiment, each rotor assembly 2 includes three vertical-axis wind turbines connected in series. A rectifier module is also provided between each of the three vertical-axis wind turbines and the DC motor 3. The rectifier module converts the AC power generated by the wind turbine into DC power. The rectified power is collected and input to a voltage regulator module, which outputs a stable voltage. The voltage regulator module is electrically connected to the control module, a human body sensor, a voltage sensor, and a lighting module. The voltage sensor is located in the power generation output circuit and is used to detect the power generation voltage and / or power generation signal, transmitting the detection signal to the control module. The human body sensor is used to detect human activity and transmit the human body detection signal to the control module. After receiving the signals from the voltage sensor and the human body sensor, the control module outputs a control signal to the lighting module according to a preset control logic to adjust the brightness, color, and / or dynamic effect of the lighting module.

[0062] It should be noted that rectifier modules and voltage regulator modules are common technologies in this field and are commercially available products; their functions and principles will not be elaborated here.

[0063] In this embodiment, the optimal geometry of the rotor blades of a vertical axis wind turbine is determined through a complete process of parametric modeling, 3D printing manufacturing, and physical wind tunnel testing.

[0064] Parametric modeling: In this embodiment, parametric modeling is performed in Grasshopper (a parametric design plugin for Rhinoceros 3D, a 3D modeling software) to create a parametric model of the Savonius rotor blades, with taper ratio (TR), aspect ratio (AR), and twist angle (TA) as the main design variables, and overlap ratio and arc diameter ratio fixed.

[0065] In this embodiment, 2 3A full factorial design was used, with each parameter having two levels (high and low), generating a total of 8 experimental variants, plus one baseline configuration (TR=1.0, AR=1.0, TA=0°) as a control. Factor levels were set as follows: TR=0.5 (hourglass shape) and 1.2 (barrel shape); AR=0.8 (short and stout) and 1.4 (long and thin); TA=45° and 90°. All 9 rotors maintained a consistent swept area (10000 mm²). 2 This ensures that performance differences stem from geometric efficiency rather than size differences.

[0066] 3D printing manufacturing of rotors: In this embodiment, all nine rotor types were manufactured using a 3D printer and transparent PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol) filament. PETG offers better toughness, heat resistance, and printability compared to PLA (Polylactic Acid) and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Copolymer), and is less prone to warping, making it suitable for long-term outdoor rotation. All printing parameters (temperature, speed, layer height, support type, infill density, and wall thickness) were kept consistent across all models to eliminate the influence of process differences.

[0067] Physical wind force test: In this embodiment, each rotor is sequentially mounted on the same test bench and connected to the same DC generator 3. A blower provides a stable wind speed at a fixed distance, blowing for 30 seconds at each of three speed settings (Gear 1-3, increasing wind speed), for a total of 90 seconds. Voltage and current time-series data are recorded using an INA226 at a sampling frequency of 100Hz, and the power generation is further calculated. The power change over time is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the average power comparison results under the three wind speeds are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0068] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power generation trends of the nine rotor blade configurations under three wind speed conditions differ significantly over time. As the wind speed setting changes from low (setting 1), medium (setting 2), to high (setting 3), the power output of each rotor blade configuration generally increases in a stepwise manner, indicating a corresponding relationship between power generation and wind speed changes. Specifically, for example... Figure 3 As shown, the overall power output of the high taper ratio configuration is significantly higher than that of the low taper ratio configuration. In particular, the V5, V6, and V8 configurations maintain high output at all wind speeds, indicating that the rotor blades with high taper ratios have excellent power generation performance. Figure 2It also shows that different rotor blade configurations exhibit a certain dynamic response process after wind speed switching, which can reflect the differences in power generation stability of each rotor blade configuration under unsteady wind conditions.

[0069] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, a comparison of the average power of nine rotor blade configurations under three wind speed conditions reveals that the average power of each configuration increases overall with increasing wind speed. Among them, the V6 configuration, with a taper ratio TR=1.2, an aspect ratio AR=1.4, and a twist angle TA=45°, achieves higher power output at all three wind speeds, performing best at the highest wind speed, indicating that this parameter combination has relatively superior power generation performance under the experimental conditions. In contrast, the low taper ratio configurations V1 to V4 have lower overall output, further demonstrating that the taper ratio is one of the main factors affecting the average power generation.

[0070] Data Analysis and Conclusions: like Figure 4a As shown, the taper ratio (TR) is the dominant factor affecting the average power generation, with a main effect of +183.3mW, indicating that the average power generation increases significantly when the TR increases from a low level to a high level.

[0071] like Figure 4b As shown, the main effect of the aspect ratio (AR) is +3.0mW, indicating that under the experimental conditions, the effect of AR alone on the average power generation is relatively small.

[0072] like Figure 4c As shown, the main effect of the torsion angle (TA) is -25.7mW, indicating that when the TA increases from 45° to 90°, the average power generation generally decreases. Therefore, the 45° torsion angle performs better under the experimental conditions.

[0073] like Figure 4d As shown, there is a certain interaction between the torsion angle (TA) and the aspect ratio (AR), but its influence is relatively weak, indicating that the change in AR has a limited effect on power output regulation at different TA levels.

[0074] like Figure 4e As shown, there is an antagonistic effect between the torsion angle (TA) and the taper ratio (TR). In the high TR group, the power gain decreases when the TA increases from 45° to 90°, indicating that the high taper ratio configuration is more suitable for combination with a 45° torsion angle.

[0075] like Figure 4fAs shown, there is a significant synergistic effect between aspect ratio (AR) and taper ratio (TR). When TR increases from a low level to a high level, the power gain of the slender configuration (AR=1.4) is greater than that of the short and stout configuration (AR=0.8), indicating that the combination of TR=1.2 and AR=1.4 is more conducive to improving power generation.

[0076] The optimal configuration obtained under the above parameters is: TR=1.2, AR=1.4, TA=45°, with an average power output of 255.17mW across the three ranges, which is 8.0% higher than the baseline configuration.

[0077] Based on the above experimental results, the rotor of this invention adopts TR=1.2 (barrel-shaped with outward bulge in the middle), AR=1.4 (slender type), and TA=45° (torsion angle) as the optimal morphological parameters. Through full-factor physical experiments, the blade morphology with TR=1.2 (barrel-shaped), AR=1.4, and TA=45° was determined, which improves the power output by 8% compared to the benchmark cylindrical straight blade, and improves it by more than an order of magnitude compared to the hourglass-shaped (TR=0.5) configuration with the same swept area.

[0078] Example 3 This embodiment provides another optional solution for the installation method of the lighting module, based on the above embodiments.

[0079] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the LED beads are not installed at a fixed axial position. Instead, LED mounting slots are pre-drilled during the 3D printing of the rotor, embedding miniature LED beads or flexible light strips into the edge of each blade. When the rotor rotates under wind power, the LEDs embedded in the rotor blade edges form a continuous circular halo of light. The brightness of the halo is still mapped by the wind power, and the color temperature is still mapped by human body perception. The light trail formed by the rotating blades has a unique dynamic visual effect, making it particularly suitable as a dynamic art installation on building facades. The LEDs inside the blades are connected to the circuitry of the fixed part via slip rings or wireless power supply.

[0080] Example 4 Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a wind speed monitoring solution for the light and shadow interactive building skin module.

[0081] In this embodiment, wind speed and wind direction sensors are added to the frame 1 of the light and shadow interactive building skin module. The control module not only collects the generated voltage but also the wind direction information, and maps it through the lighting module. The color mapping rules are extended as follows: Brightness = Mapped wind power (same as the above embodiment); Hue = Wind direction (e.g., Southeast monsoon → warm orange, winter northerly wind → cool blue, sea breeze → bluish-white); Color temperature = Simultaneously responds to the presence of the human body (when there are people, the overall color temperature tends to be in the warm range, and when there are no people, it maintains the basic color corresponding to the wind direction).

[0082] This design incorporates urban monsoons as an environmental mood into the color expression of the building's facade, allowing the entire building's facade to exhibit different color tendencies depending on time, season, and weather, thus becoming a visual medium for urban weather. This enables the dynamic presentation of the seasonal sea and land breeze characteristics of subtropical coastal cities.

[0083] Example 5 This embodiment provides a building curtain wall based on the above embodiments.

[0084] In this embodiment, the building curtain wall is equipped with multiple light and shadow interactive building skin modules as shown in Embodiment 1, and the multiple light and shadow interactive building skin modules are spliced ​​on the building facade in an array.

[0085] Example 6 Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a control method for wind-driven light and shadow interaction.

[0086] In this embodiment, the control method is applied to the control module of the light and shadow interactive building skin module as in Embodiment 1. The control method includes the following steps: S1. Receive the voltage signal detected by the voltage sensor and perform low-pass filtering on the voltage signal to obtain the filtered voltage value; S2. Calculate the target brightness value of the lighting module based on the filtered voltage value; S3. Receive the human presence status signal detected by the human presence sensor, and determine the target color temperature of the lighting module based on the human presence status signal; S4. Generate a drive signal based on the target brightness value and target color temperature and output it to the lighting module.

[0087] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A wind-driven, light-and-shadow interactive building skin module, characterized in that, include: Framework (1); The rotor array is mounted on the frame (1) and includes at least one column of rotor assemblies (2). Each column of rotor assemblies (2) includes multiple vertical axis wind turbines arranged in series along the vertical axis, and adjacent vertical axis wind turbines in the same column have a phase difference about the vertical axis, so that at any time at least one rotor blade of the vertical axis wind turbine is at the angle of attack. A power generation module, which is connected to the rotor array, is used to convert the rotational kinetic energy of the vertical axis wind turbine into electrical energy; A lighting module, wherein the lighting module is disposed on the frame (1); The sensing module includes a human body sensor for detecting the presence of a human body and a voltage sensor for detecting a voltage signal representing the power generation state. A control module, electrically connected to both the lighting module and the sensing module, is configured to: The voltage signal detected by the voltage sensor is received and the voltage signal is smoothed to obtain a filtered voltage value; Based on the filtered voltage value, the target brightness value of the lighting module is calculated; Receive the human presence status signal detected by the human presence sensor, and determine the target color temperature of the lighting module based on the human presence status signal; Based on the target brightness value and the target color temperature, a driving signal is generated and output to the lighting module to control the light emission state of the lighting module.

2. The light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each rotor assembly (2) includes three vertical axis wind turbines connected in series along the vertical axis, with a phase difference of 90° / (n-1) between two adjacent vertical axis wind turbines, where n is the number of vertical axis wind turbines on the rotor assembly (2).

3. The light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor blade geometry of the vertical axis wind turbine includes at least the following parameters: The aspect ratio is 1.3~1.5, the taper ratio is 1.1~1.3, and the twist angle is 40°~50°.

4. The light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The smoothing process is a low-pass filtering process, and the formula for the low-pass filtering process is: filteredVolts = filteredVolts * 0.95 + rawVolts *0.

05.

5. The light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The target brightness value is calculated based on the filter voltage value through a linear mapping. The linear mapping is a piecewise linear mapping: When the filtered voltage value is less than or equal to the first voltage threshold, the target brightness value is a minimum brightness value; When the filtered voltage value is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold, the target brightness value is a maximum brightness value; When the filtered voltage value is between the first voltage threshold and the second voltage threshold, the target brightness value is calculated by linear interpolation.

6. The light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The driving signal is generated using a smoothing algorithm based on the target brightness value and the target color temperature; The smoothing algorithm is an exponential smoothing algorithm, where the current output value = current output value + (target value - current output value) * K, and the value of K ranges from 0.01 to 0.

1.

7. The light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 6, characterized in that, K is 0.

05.

8. The light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the presence signal of a human body indicates that someone is present, the target color temperature is warm white; when the presence signal of a human body indicates that no one is present, the target color temperature is cool white.

9. A building curtain wall, characterized in that, The building facade is equipped with multiple light and shadow interactive building skin modules as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the multiple light and shadow interactive building skin modules are spliced ​​on the building facade in an array.

10. A control method for wind-driven light and shadow interaction, characterized in that, The control module applied to the light and shadow interactive building skin module as described in claim 1, the control method includes the following steps: S1. Receive the voltage signal detected by the voltage sensor and perform low-pass filtering on the voltage signal to obtain the filtered voltage value; S2. Calculate the target brightness value of the lighting module based on the filtered voltage value; S3. Receive the human presence status signal detected by the human presence sensor, and determine the target color temperature of the lighting module based on the human presence status signal; S4. Generate a driving signal based on the target brightness value and the target color temperature, and output it to the lighting module.

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