A cup foundation heavy steel column straightening device and method based on mechanical self-locking

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of civil engineering construction, in particular to a cup foundation heavy steel column straightening device and method based on mechanical self-locking, which comprises a Z-shaped base, the surface of the Z-shaped base is provided with a hydraulic fine adjustment unit, a mechanical self-locking unit and a manual self-locking unit, the hydraulic fine adjustment unit comprises a hydraulic fine adjustment cylinder fixedly installed on the surface of the Z-shaped base, and a front end abutting block is fixedly connected to the end of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic fine adjustment cylinder. The Z-shaped base, the hydraulic fine adjustment unit, the mechanical self-locking unit and the manual self-locking unit are arranged, the positioning double mechanical locking structure of the radial plug block self-locking and the manual plug block is adopted, the hydraulic pressure can be completely unloaded after straightening, the positioning is only relied on the pure mechanical structure, even if the hydraulic system leaks, loses pressure or is damaged, the steel column is still rigidly locked, the major safety hazards of the heavy steel column rebounding and toppling are effectively avoided, and the safety level is higher than that of the traditional temporary support mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of civil engineering construction technology, and in particular to a device and method for straightening heavy steel columns for cup-shaped foundations based on mechanical self-locking. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of heavy industrial buildings such as thermal power plants, steel columns, as the main load-bearing structures, are directly related to the safety and stability of the overall structure due to their verticality. Currently, the straightening processes for steel columns within cup-shaped foundations mainly employ the following methods: traditional iron wedge straightening method, chain hoisting cable straightening method, and simple jack straightening method.

[0003] A comprehensive analysis of existing technologies reveals the following pressing technical problems that need to be addressed:

[0004] 1. Safety issues: Existing methods all rely on temporary supports or external power equipment. If these fail, the heavy steel columns pose a significant safety risk of tipping over. 2. Precision and efficiency issues: It is difficult to achieve millimeter-level precision adjustments, and the adjustment process is repetitive and inefficient. 3. Universality issues: Different cup openings require customized straightening tools of different sizes, increasing construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to solve at least one technical problem raised in the background art.

[0007] This application provides a cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking, including a Z-shaped base. The surface of the Z-shaped base is provided with a hydraulic fine-tuning unit, a mechanical self-locking unit and a manual self-locking unit.

[0008] The hydraulic fine-tuning unit includes a hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder fixedly installed on the surface of the Z-shaped base. A front end abutting block is fixedly connected to the end of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder. A rectangular groove is opened at the end of the front end abutting block. The mechanical self-locking unit includes a movable push block slidably disposed on the inner wall of the rectangular groove. A first trapezoidal block is fixedly connected to the rear end of the movable push block. A limiting through hole with mutually symmetrical positions is opened on the left and right inner walls of the rectangular groove. A second trapezoidal block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole. The ends of the two second trapezoidal blocks that are far apart from each other extend to the outside of the front end abutting block through the limiting through hole.

[0009] Preferably, a U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the Z-shaped base, and two rubber anti-slip pads are symmetrically fixed to the inner surface of the U-shaped frame. The position of the rubber anti-slip pads corresponds to the position of the second trapezoidal block. The second trapezoidal block and the rubber anti-slip pads are distributed perpendicularly to each other, and a rubber block is fixedly connected to the end of the second trapezoidal block near the rubber anti-slip pad. The surface of the rubber block overlaps with that of the rubber anti-slip pad.

[0010] Preferably, a first compression spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rectangular groove. One end of the first compression spring is fixedly connected to the end of the first trapezoidal block. The first trapezoidal block is located between two second trapezoidal blocks, and the inclined surfaces of the two second trapezoidal blocks are slidably connected to the inclined surfaces of the first trapezoidal block. A fixing block is fixedly connected to the surface of the second trapezoidal block, and a second compression spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixing block. The end of the second compression spring away from the fixing block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the rectangular groove.

[0011] Preferably, a guide limiting shell is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped frame, and a T-shaped guide block is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the front end abutment block. The top of the T-shaped guide block extends into the interior of the guide limiting shell, and the upper surface of the T-shaped guide block is slidably connected to the inner top wall of the guide limiting shell. Strip-shaped guide grooves are provided at both ends of the T-shaped guide block. Strip-shaped blocks are fixedly connected to the left and right inner side walls of the guide limiting shell. The strip-shaped blocks are slidably connected to the inner walls of the strip-shaped guide grooves. A rectangular limiting hole is provided on the upper surface of the U-shaped frame. The position of the rectangular limiting hole corresponds to the T-shaped guide block, and both sides of the T-shaped guide block are slidably connected to the inner walls of the rectangular limiting hole.

[0012] Preferably, the manual self-locking unit includes a bearing seat fixedly connected to the upper surface of the guide limiting shell, an adjusting screw rotatably connected to the surface of the bearing seat, an adjusting frame threadedly connected to the surface of the adjusting screw, two sliding through holes opened on the upper surface of the adjusting frame near its front end, movable pull rods slidably connected to the inner walls of the two sliding through holes, rectangular inserts fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the two movable pull rods, a self-locking block fixedly connected to the upper surface of the front end abutment block, and a rectangular slot matching the rectangular insert on the upper surface of the self-locking block, with the position of the rectangular slot corresponding to the rectangular insert.

[0013] Preferably, a return spring is sleeved on the surface of the movable pull rod, the bottom end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rectangular insert, and the top end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the adjustment frame. An operating handle is fixedly connected to the top end of the two movable pull rods, and an adjustment knob is fixedly connected to the end of the adjustment screw away from the bearing seat.

[0014] Preferably, the upper surface of the T-shaped guide block is fixedly connected to two indicator strips, the upper surface of the guide limiting shell is provided with two scale observation holes, and the surface of the guide limiting shell is fixedly embedded with scale lines. The position of the scale lines corresponds to the scale observation holes, the position of the scale observation holes corresponds to the indicator strips, and the indicator strips are slidably connected to the inner wall of the scale observation holes.

[0015] Preferably, the lower surface of the Z-shaped base is provided with a cup mouth limiting mechanism. The cup mouth limiting mechanism includes a rotating seat fixedly connected to the lower surface of the Z-shaped base. The surface of the rotating seat is rotatably connected to a clamping bolt through a bearing. One end of the clamping bolt is rotatably connected to a limiting clamping plate. The limiting clamping plate and the surface of the Z-shaped base are both fixedly connected with wear-resistant pads of corresponding positions.

[0016] Preferably, two guide rods are fixedly connected to the surface of the limiting clamp, and guide plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the rotating seat. The surface of the guide plate is provided with guide through holes that match the guide rods, and a support spring is sleeved on the surface of the guide rods. The support spring is disposed between the guide plate and the limiting clamp.

[0017] A method for straightening heavy steel columns with cup-shaped foundations based on mechanical self-locking includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Install and fix the device. Place the Z-shaped base on the cup-shaped base mouth, so that the vertical section of the Z-shaped base is close to one side wall of the cup mouth. Rotate the clamping bolt of the cup mouth limiting mechanism to drive the limiting clamp to move to the other side wall of the cup mouth, and firmly clamp the device at the cup mouth position.

[0019] S2. Hydraulic fine-tuning and straightening: Activate the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder of the hydraulic fine-tuning unit. The telescopic rod pushes the front end clamping block to move towards the heavy steel column until the front end clamping block presses against the side wall of the steel column. Observe the indicator bar and scale line through the scale observation hole, control the small stroke extension and retraction of the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder to fine-tune the verticality of the steel column. Use a theodolite or total station to measure the verticality deviation of the steel column until the verticality of the steel column meets the design requirements.

[0020] S3. Multiple mechanical self-locking: After adjustment, the reaction force of the steel column on the front end abutment block pushes the movable push block to move backward, driving the first trapezoidal block to compress the first compression spring. The inclined surface of the first trapezoidal block pushes the two second trapezoidal blocks to extend radially along the limiting through hole. The rubber block at the end of the second trapezoidal block presses against the rubber anti-slip pad on the inner side of the U-shaped frame, completing the first mechanical self-locking. Then, pull the operating handle to move the rectangular insert block upward, rotate the adjusting knob to drive the adjusting screw to rotate, so that the adjusting frame moves until the rectangular insert block is aligned with the rectangular slot of the self-locking block. Release the operating handle, and the reset spring pushes the rectangular insert block into the rectangular slot, completing the second self-locking.

[0021] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] 1. This application, by setting up a Z-shaped base, a hydraulic fine-tuning unit, a mechanical self-locking unit, and a manual self-locking unit, adopts a dual mechanical locking structure of radial insert self-locking and manual insert positioning. After adjustment to the correct position, the hydraulic pressure can be completely unloaded, and the positioning is maintained solely by the pure mechanical structure. Even if the hydraulic system leaks, loses pressure, or is damaged, the steel column is still rigidly locked, effectively avoiding the major safety hazards of heavy steel column rebound and tilting. The safety level is higher than that of traditional temporary support methods.

[0023] 2. This application, in conjunction with a short-stroke, high-precision hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder, utilizes a triple guiding constraint consisting of a T-shaped guide block, a strip-shaped guide groove, and a guide limit shell to ensure that the piston rod extends and retracts without swaying or lateral movement. Combined with the visual position indication via scale lines and indicator bars, millimeter-level fine-tuning can be achieved, significantly improving the verticality control accuracy, avoiding over-adjustment and under-adjustment, and significantly increasing the first-time straightening pass rate.

[0024] 3. This application, by setting a cup mouth limiting mechanism, with a Z-shaped base in conjunction with the cup mouth limiting mechanism, wear-resistant pad, and adjustable clamp, can quickly adapt to cup mouths of different widths and thicknesses; the whole adopts standardized segments and universal interfaces, eliminating the need to customize special tools for different steel columns and cup mouths, reducing equipment procurement, management and replacement costs, and improving the versatility of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a front view structural diagram of the hydraulic fine-tuning unit of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the Z-shaped base structure of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front section structure of the U-shaped frame in this application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a top-section structural diagram of the front-end clamping block of this application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cup-mouth limiting mechanism of this application.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0034] 1. Z-shaped base; 2. Hydraulic fine-tuning unit; 3. Mechanical self-locking unit; 4. Manual self-locking unit; 5. Cup mouth limiting mechanism;

[0035] 201. Hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder; 202. Front end clamping block; 203. Rectangular groove; 204. T-shaped guide block; 205. Strip guide groove; 206. Strip block; 207. Indicator bar; 208. Scale observation hole; 209. Scale line; 210. Guide limit shell;

[0036] 301. Movable push block; 302. First trapezoidal block; 303. Second trapezoidal block; 304. U-shaped frame; 305. Rubber anti-slip mat; 306. Rubber block; 307. First compression spring; 308. Second compression spring;

[0037] 401. Adjusting screw; 402. Adjusting frame; 403. Movable pull rod; 404. Rectangular insert; 405. Self-locking block; 406. Rectangular slot; 407. Return spring; 408. Operating handle; 409. Adjusting knob;

[0038] 501. Rotating seat; 502. Tightening bolt; 503. Limiting clamp; 504. Wear-resistant pad; 505. Guide rod; 506. Guide plate; 507. Support spring. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 8 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0040] A cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking includes a Z-shaped base 1, a hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2, a mechanical self-locking unit 3, and a manual self-locking unit 4 on the Z-shaped base 1, and a cup mouth limiting mechanism 5 is provided below the Z-shaped base 1.

[0041] The Z-shaped base 1 is formed by bending high-strength steel plate. Its horizontal section is used to support the hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2, the mechanical self-locking unit 3, and the manual self-locking unit 4. The vertical section is used to cooperate with the cup-mouth limiting mechanism 5 to clamp the cup-shaped base cup mouth sidewall, forming a stable installation benchmark. The hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the Z-shaped base 1. The front end clamping block 202 of the hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2 is the actuating component that directly acts on the steel column, and the mechanical self-locking unit 3 is nested inside it.

[0042] A U-shaped frame 304 is fixed to the upper surface of the Z-shaped base 1. The U-shaped frame 304 spans above the hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2, providing lateral support and limiting for the mechanical self-locking unit 3. A guide limiting shell 210 is fixed to the upper surface of the U-shaped frame 304. The guide limiting shell 210 slides with the T-shaped guide block 204 of the hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2 to achieve linear guidance of the front end abutment block 202. The manual self-locking unit 4 is installed on the upper surface of the guide limiting shell 210 and corresponds to the self-locking block 405 on the front end abutment block 202 to form a secondary lock. The cup mouth limiting mechanism 5 is fixed to the lower surface of the Z-shaped base 1 and is set opposite to the vertical section of the Z-shaped base 1. It is fixed to the cup mouth position of the cup-shaped base by clamping action.

[0043] The hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2 includes a hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder 201, which is fixedly installed at the center of the upper surface of the Z-shaped base 1. Its telescopic rod faces the steel column, and the end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the front end abutment block 202. The front end abutment block 202 extends and retracts synchronously with the telescopic rod to achieve the pushing and straightening of the steel column. The hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder 201 is a short-stroke high-precision hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of 80mm, a cylinder diameter of 63mm, and a working pressure of 20MPa.

[0044] A rectangular groove 203 is formed at the end of the front abutment block 202 facing the steel column, providing installation space for the mechanical self-locking unit 3. A T-shaped guide block 204 is fixed to the upper surface of the front abutment block 202. The T-shaped guide block 204 extends upward into the interior of the guide limiting shell 210, and the upper surface of the T-shaped guide block 204 slides in contact with the inner top wall of the guide limiting shell 210 to restrict vertical movement.

[0045] The T-shaped guide block 204 has strip-shaped guide grooves 205 at both ends. Strip-shaped blocks 206 are fixed to the inner walls of the guide limiting shell 210. The strip-shaped blocks 206 are slidably embedded in the strip-shaped guide grooves 205 to limit left and right sway. A rectangular limiting hole is formed on the upper surface of the U-shaped frame 304. The T-shaped guide block 204 passes through the rectangular limiting hole, and its two sides slide against the inner wall of the rectangular limiting hole, forming a triple guiding constraint. Two indicator strips 207 are fixed to the upper surface of the T-shaped guide block 204. Two scale observation holes 208 are formed on the upper surface of the guide limiting shell 210. The indicator strips 207 slide within the scale observation holes 208. Scale lines 209 are embedded on the surface of the guide limiting shell 210, and the scale lines 209 correspond to the scale observation holes 208, enabling visual reading of the straightening displacement.

[0046] It is worth noting that the short-stroke high-precision hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder 201, together with the T-shaped guide block 204, the strip guide groove 205, and the guide limit shell 210, ensures that the front end clamping block 202 extends and retracts without swaying or shifting. With the visual indication of the scale line 209 and the indicator bar 207, millimeter-level precise fine-tuning can be achieved, greatly improving the verticality control accuracy, avoiding over-adjustment and under-adjustment, and significantly improving the first-time straightening pass rate.

[0047] The mechanical self-locking unit 3 includes a movable push block 301, which is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the rectangular groove 203 of the front end abutting block 202. The rear end of the movable push block 301 is fixedly connected to the first trapezoidal block 302, which is located at the center of the rectangular groove 203. Symmetrical limiting through holes are formed on the left and right inner walls of the rectangular groove 203. Two second trapezoidal blocks 303 are slidably installed in the limiting through holes, with the inclined surfaces of the second trapezoidal blocks 303 sliding against the inclined surfaces of the first trapezoidal blocks 302. The forward and backward movement of the first trapezoidal block 302 drives the two second trapezoidal blocks 303 to extend radially along the limiting through holes. A first compression spring 307 is fixed to the inner wall of the rectangular groove 203, with its end fixed to the first trapezoidal block 302, providing a reset thrust for the first trapezoidal block 302.

[0048] A fixing block is fixed to the surface of the second trapezoidal block 303. The fixing block is connected to the second compression spring 308. The other end of the second compression spring 308 is connected to the inner wall of the rectangular groove 203 to provide radial restoring force for the second trapezoidal block 303. A U-shaped frame 304 is fixed to the upper surface of the Z-shaped base 1. Two rubber anti-slip pads 305 are symmetrically fixed to the inner side of the U-shaped frame 304. The rubber anti-slip pads 305 are positioned corresponding to and perpendicular to the second trapezoidal block 303. A rubber block 306 is fixed to the outer end of the second trapezoidal block 303. The rubber block 306 overlaps with the surface of the rubber anti-slip pad 305 to achieve frictional positioning when locked.

[0049] It is worth noting that the trapezoidal insert radial self-locking structure is adopted. After adjustment, the movable push block 301 is pressure-driven to drive the first trapezoidal block 302, which pushes the second trapezoidal block 303 to press against the rubber anti-slip pad 305, forming a rigid mechanical self-locking. This can completely unload the hydraulic pressure. Even if the hydraulic system leaks, loses pressure, or is damaged, the steel column is still stably locked, fundamentally avoiding the risk of heavy steel column rebound and collapse. The safety level is far higher than that of traditional temporary supports.

[0050] The manual self-locking unit 4 includes an adjusting screw 401. A bearing seat is fixed on the upper surface of the guide limit shell 210. One end of the adjusting screw 401 is rotatably connected to the bearing seat. The adjusting screw 401 is horizontally arranged, and an adjusting knob 409 is fixed at its end for easy manual rotation adjustment. An adjusting frame 402 is threadedly connected to the surface of the adjusting screw 401. Rotating the adjusting screw 401 drives the adjusting frame 402 to move back and forth to adapt to different locking positions. Two sliding through holes are opened at the front end of the adjusting frame 402. Movable pull rods 403 are slidably installed in the sliding through holes. The bottom ends of the two movable pull rods 403 are jointly fixed to a rectangular insert 404, and the top ends are jointly fixed to an operating handle 408 for easy manual lifting. A return spring 407 is sleeved on the surface of the movable pull rods 403. The bottom end of the return spring 407 is connected to the rectangular insert 404, and the top end is connected to the adjusting frame 402, providing a downward return thrust for the rectangular insert 404. A self-locking block 405 is fixed on the upper surface of the front end abutment block 202. A rectangular slot 406 is opened on the upper surface of the self-locking block 405. The rectangular slot 406 matches the size and position of the rectangular insert block 404. The rectangular insert block 404 can be inserted into the rectangular slot 406 to achieve positioning and locking.

[0051] It is worth noting that the manual self-locking unit 4 provides a second locking function, further improving locking reliability. The manual operation is simple and quick, requiring no special tools. On-site construction personnel can quickly complete locking and unlocking, improving work efficiency.

[0052] The cup-mouth limiting mechanism 5 includes a rotating seat 501, which is rotatably connected to a clamping bolt 502 via a bearing. The clamping bolt 502 is horizontally arranged, and its end is rotatably connected to a limiting clamping plate 503. The limiting clamping plate 503 is positioned opposite to the vertical section of the Z-shaped base 1, forming a clamping structure. Wear-resistant pads 504 are fixed to the opposing surfaces of the limiting clamping plate 503 and the Z-shaped base 1 to improve clamping friction and service life. Two guide rods 505 are fixed to the surface of the limiting clamping plate 503, and guide plates 506 are fixed to both sides of the rotating seat 501. The guide plates 506 have guide through holes, through which the guide rods 505 slide to limit the rotation of the limiting clamping plate 503. A support spring 507 is sleeved on the surface of the guide rods 505, located between the guide plate 506 and the limiting clamping plate 503, to assist the limiting clamping plate 503 in resetting.

[0053] It is worth noting that by rotating the clamping bolt 502 to drive the limiting clamping plate 503 to move, it can be adapted to cup-shaped base cup mouths of different widths and thicknesses, and the wear-resistant liner 504 improves the clamping stability.

[0054] A method for straightening heavy steel columns with cup-shaped foundations based on mechanical self-locking includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. Install and fix the device. Place the Z-shaped base 1 on the cup mouth of the cup-shaped base, so that the vertical section of the Z-shaped base 1 is close to one side wall of the cup mouth. Rotate the clamping bolt 502 of the cup mouth limiting mechanism 5 to drive the limiting clamp 503 to move to the other side wall of the cup mouth, and firmly clamp the device in the cup mouth position to complete the quick positioning and installation of the device.

[0056] S2. Hydraulic fine-tuning and straightening: Activate the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder 201 of the hydraulic fine-tuning unit 2. The telescopic rod pushes the front end clamping block 202 to move towards the heavy steel column until the front end clamping block 202 presses against the side wall of the steel column. Observe the indicator bar 207 and scale line 209 through the scale observation hole 208, control the small stroke extension and retraction of the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder 201, and make millimeter-level fine adjustments to the verticality of the steel column. Use a theodolite or total station to measure the verticality deviation of the steel column until the verticality of the steel column meets the design requirements (usually 1 / 1000).

[0057] S3. Multiple mechanical self-locking: After adjustment to the correct position, the reaction force of the steel column on the front end abutment block 202 pushes the movable push block 301 to move backward, driving the first trapezoidal block 302 to compress the first compression spring 307. The inclined surface of the first trapezoidal block 302 pushes the two second trapezoidal blocks 303 to extend radially along the limiting through hole. The rubber block 306 at the end of the second trapezoidal block 303 presses against the rubber anti-slip pad 305 on the inner side of the U-shaped frame 304, completing the first mechanical self-locking. Then, pull the operating handle 408 to move the rectangular insert 404 upward, rotate the adjusting knob 409 to drive the adjusting screw 401 to rotate, so that the adjusting frame 402 moves until the rectangular insert 404 is aligned with the rectangular slot 406 of the self-locking block 405. Release the operating handle 408, and the reset spring 407 pushes the rectangular insert 404 into the rectangular slot 406, completing the second self-locking. At this time, the hydraulic system pressure can be completely unloaded, and the steel column is positioned solely by the mechanical structure.

Claims

1. A cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking, comprising a Z-shaped base (1), characterized in that, The surface of the Z-shaped base (1) is provided with a hydraulic fine-tuning unit (2), a mechanical self-locking unit (3) and a manual self-locking unit (4). The hydraulic fine-tuning unit (2) includes a hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder (201) fixedly installed on the surface of the Z-shaped base (1). The end of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder (201) is fixedly connected to a front end abutting block (202). The end of the front end abutting block (202) is provided with a rectangular groove (203). The mechanical self-locking unit (3) includes a movable push block (301) slidably disposed on the inner wall of the rectangular groove (203). The rear end of the movable push block (301) is fixedly connected to a first trapezoidal block (302). The left and right inner walls of the rectangular groove (203) are provided with mutually symmetrical limiting through holes. The inner wall of the limiting through holes is slidably connected to a second trapezoidal block (303). The ends of the two second trapezoidal blocks (303) that are far apart from each other extend to the outside of the front end abutting block (202) through the limiting through holes.

2. The cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the Z-shaped base (1) is fixedly connected to a U-shaped frame (304). Two rubber anti-slip pads (305) are symmetrically fixed on the inner surface of the U-shaped frame (304). The position of the rubber anti-slip pads (305) corresponds to the second trapezoidal block (303). The second trapezoidal block (303) and the rubber anti-slip pads (305) are perpendicular to each other. A rubber block (306) is fixedly connected to one end of the second trapezoidal block (303) near the rubber anti-slip pads (305). The surface of the rubber block (306) overlaps with that of the rubber anti-slip pads (305).

3. The cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first compression spring (307) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rectangular groove (203). One end of the first compression spring (307) is fixedly connected to the end of the first trapezoidal block (302). The first trapezoidal block (302) is located between two second trapezoidal blocks (303), and the inclined surfaces of the two second trapezoidal blocks (303) are slidably connected to the inclined surfaces of the first trapezoidal block (302). A fixing block is fixedly connected to the surface of the second trapezoidal block (303), and a second compression spring (308) is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixing block. The end of the second compression spring (308) away from the fixing block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the rectangular groove (203).

4. The cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking according to claim 3, characterized in that, A guide limiting shell (210) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped frame (304), and a T-shaped guide block (204) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the front end abutment block (202). The top of the T-shaped guide block (204) extends into the interior of the guide limiting shell (210), and the upper surface of the T-shaped guide block (204) is slidably connected to the inner top wall of the guide limiting shell (210). Both the left and right ends of the T-shaped guide block (204) are provided with... The guide groove (205) has strip blocks (206) fixedly connected to the left and right inner walls of the guide limiting shell (210). The strip blocks (206) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide groove (205). The upper surface of the U-shaped frame (304) is provided with a rectangular limiting hole. The position of the rectangular limiting hole corresponds to the T-shaped guide block (204), and both sides of the T-shaped guide block (204) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the rectangular limiting hole.

5. A cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The manual self-locking unit (4) includes a bearing seat fixedly connected to the upper surface of the guide limiting shell (210). An adjusting screw (401) is rotatably connected to the surface of the bearing seat. An adjusting frame (402) is threadedly connected to the surface of the adjusting screw (401). Two sliding through holes are opened on the upper surface of the adjusting frame (402) near its front end. Movable pull rods (403) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two sliding through holes. Rectangular inserts (404) are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the two movable pull rods (403). A self-locking block (405) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the front end pressing block (202). A rectangular slot (406) matching the rectangular insert (404) is opened on the upper surface of the self-locking block (405), and the position of the rectangular slot (406) corresponds to that of the rectangular insert (404).

6. A cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A return spring (407) is fitted on the surface of the movable pull rod (403). The bottom end of the return spring (407) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rectangular insert (404), and the top end of the return spring (407) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the adjusting frame (402). An operating handle (408) is fixedly connected to the top end of the two movable pull rods (403). An adjusting knob (409) is fixedly connected to the end of the adjusting screw (401) away from the bearing seat.

7. A cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Two indicator strips (207) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the T-shaped guide block (204). Two scale observation holes (208) are opened on the upper surface of the guide limiting shell (210). A scale line (209) is fixedly embedded on the surface of the guide limiting shell (210). The position of the scale line (209) corresponds to the scale observation hole (208). The position of the scale observation hole (208) corresponds to the indicator strip (207). The indicator strip (207) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the scale observation hole (208).

8. A cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The lower surface of the Z-shaped base (1) is provided with a cup mouth limiting mechanism (5). The cup mouth limiting mechanism (5) includes a rotating seat (501) fixedly connected to the lower surface of the Z-shaped base (1). The surface of the rotating seat (501) is rotatably connected to a clamping bolt (502) via a bearing. One end of the clamping bolt (502) is rotatably connected to a limiting clamp (503). The limiting clamp (503) and the surface of the Z-shaped base (1) are both fixedly connected with wear-resistant pads (504) with corresponding positions.

9. A cup-shaped foundation heavy steel column straightening device based on mechanical self-locking as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Two guide rods (505) are fixedly connected to the surface of the limiting clamp (503). Guide plates (506) are fixedly connected to both sides of the rotating seat (501). The surface of the guide plate (506) is provided with guide through holes that match the guide rods (505). A support spring (507) is sleeved on the surface of the guide rods (505). The support spring (507) is disposed between the guide plate (506) and the limiting clamp (503).

10. A method for straightening heavy steel columns for cup-shaped foundations based on mechanical self-locking, used to implement the straightening device for heavy steel columns for cup-shaped foundations based on mechanical self-locking as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Install and fix the device. Place the Z-shaped base (1) on the cup-shaped base cup mouth, so that the vertical section of the Z-shaped base (1) is close to the side wall of the cup mouth. Rotate the clamping bolt (502) of the cup mouth limiting mechanism (5) to drive the limiting clamp (503) to move to the other side wall of the cup mouth, and firmly clamp the device at the cup mouth position. S2. Hydraulic fine-tuning and straightening: Start the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder (201) of the hydraulic fine-tuning unit (2), and the telescopic rod pushes the front end clamping block (202) to move towards the heavy steel column until the front end clamping block (202) presses against the side wall of the steel column; observe the indicator bar (207) and scale line (209) through the scale observation hole (208), control the small stroke extension and retraction of the hydraulic fine-tuning cylinder (202) to fine-tune the verticality of the steel column, and use a theodolite or total station to measure the verticality deviation of the steel column until the verticality of the steel column meets the design requirements. S3. Multiple mechanical self-locking mechanisms: After adjustment to the correct position, the reaction force of the steel column on the front end abutment block (202) pushes the movable push block (301) to move backward, driving the first trapezoidal block (302) to compress the first compression spring (307). The inclined surface of the first trapezoidal block (302) pushes the two second trapezoidal blocks (303) to extend radially along the limiting through hole. The rubber block (306) at the end of the second trapezoidal block (303) presses against the rubber anti-slip pad (305) on the inner side of the U-shaped frame (304). The first mechanical self-locking is completed; then, the operating handle (408) is pulled up to move the rectangular insert (404) upward, and the adjusting knob (409) is rotated to drive the adjusting screw (401) to rotate, so that the adjusting frame (402) moves to the point where the rectangular insert (404) is aligned with the rectangular slot (406) of the self-locking block (405). The operating handle (408) is released, and the reset spring (407) pushes the rectangular insert (404) to insert into the rectangular slot (406), thus completing the second self-locking.

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