A twist-off disassembly sleeve driving device and operating method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of screwing and unthreading casing drive device and operating method, belong to rig auxiliary technical field.The device includes adapter, elevator and casing driver;Adapter upper end connects power head, lower end is hinged with elevator by first pin shaft;Casing driver includes two half-circular ring-shaped drive bases, which are respectively hinged to the radial sides of the lower end of elevator by second pin shaft, and can be detachably locked to form an annular clamping space by locking assembly;After unlocking, the two drive bases can be turned outward to open to sleeve or release casing, and after locking, the two drive bases are clamped on the outer wall of casing.The application realizes the quick radial assembly and disassembly of casing, without the need for axial insertion or extraction of drive head, and the casing is quickly and efficiently tripped, and the casing can be actively driven to rotate by power head, and can be rotated to sweep the hole with load when encountering resistance, significantly improving the safety and construction efficiency of deep well casing operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of drilling rig auxiliary tool technology, specifically relating to a drive device and operating method for unscrewing and disassembling casing. Background Technology

[0002] In deep well drilling, casing lowering is a crucial step in ensuring wellbore stability, preventing borehole collapse, and achieving well completion. With geothermal development, coalbed methane extraction, and rescue well drilling progressing to deeper depths, casing lowering depths are continuously increasing, and downhole conditions are becoming increasingly complex, placing higher demands on the safety, efficiency, and functionality of casing lowering equipment.

[0003] Currently, the industry generally adopts the manual hoisting method for lowering casing, which involves holding the casing couplings with hoists and lowering them one by one using a winch. This method has the following inherent defects: (1) Hoisting operation relies on manual high-altitude work, requiring repeated hoisting and unhooking, resulting in high labor intensity and poor safety; (2) The casing lowering process lacks active rotation drive capability, and when there are issues such as reduced diameter, falling blocks, or sand accumulation in the wellbore, the casing is prone to obstruction and cannot continue to be lowered; (3) After encountering obstruction, it is impossible to rotate and sweep the hole under load, and the entire casing string must be pulled out, re-drilled through the hole, and then lowered again, which is extremely cumbersome. A single obstruction often leads to delays of several hours or even several days, seriously restricting construction efficiency.

[0004] To address the problem of obstruction during casing lowering, some existing technologies have proposed improved solutions. For example, Chinese invention patent CN104234650B, "Casing Lowering Tool and Method," employs a casing shoe and impeller mechanism located at the bottom of the casing. The impeller rotates by circulating fluid into the drill string, which in turn drives the casing shoe to rotate, thus clearing the obstruction. While this solution addresses the obstruction problem to some extent, it has significant limitations: the impeller drive relies on a large-volume drilling fluid circulation, placing stringent requirements on pump pressure and flow rate; and since the power source is located at the bottom of the well, the rotation speed and torque cannot be actively controlled from the surface, limiting its ability to clear obstructions. Furthermore, this tool is only a one-time lowering aid and cannot facilitate convenient casing installation, removal, or reuse.

[0005] For example, the Chinese invention patent CN103437709B, "Method for Running Casing Using a Casing Drive Head," employs a slip-type drive head that extends into the casing. The slips radially expand and lock into the inner wall of the casing, transmitting the rotation and feed power of the ground drilling rig to the casing. While this method achieves active ground-driven casing rotation, its slip structure dictates that the drive head must be axially inserted from the end of the casing before locking. Both installation and removal operations must be performed along the casing axis, resulting in a lengthy process where the drive head must be completely removed and re-inserted when connecting a single casing. Furthermore, the slips require high precision in fitting with the casing inner wall, and locking reliability decreases when there is scaling or deformation inside the casing. It is also unsuitable for pulling out casing that has already been run.

[0006] In summary, existing casing lowering devices and methods can either only achieve passive unblocking after encountering obstruction and cannot achieve active rotation driven from the ground, or although they can drive rotation, the assembly and disassembly operations are complex and inefficient, failing to meet the comprehensive requirements of deep well drilling for casing lowering and tripping operations that are "safe, efficient, and capable of rotation with torsion".

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for a safe and efficient casing drive device that can quickly and easily lift and lower the casing, and can realize the torsion rotation of the casing. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a drive device and operating method for unscrewing and disassembling sleeves, which can achieve safe and efficient operation, quick and simple sleeve removal and removal, and can realize the sleeve's torsion rotation.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives / to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a drive device for unscrewing and disassembling sleeves, comprising: Adapters, lifting devices, and sleeve actuators; The upper end of the adapter is provided with a connecting part for connecting the power head, and the lower end of the adapter is hinged to the upper end of the lifting device through a first pin. The sleeve driver includes a first drive seat and a second drive seat. Both the first drive seat and the second drive seat are open semi-circular ring structures, and an annular clamping space for radially enveloping and clamping the outer wall of the sleeve can be formed between them. The first drive seat and the second drive seat are respectively hinged to the radial sides of the lower end of the lifting device via the second pin. The first drive seat and the second drive seat are connected in a detachable locking manner at their two ends in the circumferential direction by a locking assembly; After the locking assembly is unlocked, the first drive seat and the second drive seat can be rotated outward around the second pin axis to release or insert the sleeve; after the locking assembly is locked, the first drive seat and the second drive seat close together to clamp the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0010] The above-mentioned configuration achieves the following effect: By setting up a split semi-circular first drive seat and a second drive seat, and hinged to the radial sides of the lower end of the lifting device via a second pin, the present invention realizes a "clamshell" opening and closing structure for the casing actuator. In use, simply unlocking the locking assembly allows the two drive seats to flip outwards around the top hinge point, radially enveloping and inserting or releasing the casing from the outside, completely eliminating the need for long-distance insertion or extraction along the casing's axial direction. Compared to the prior art, which requires the drive head to be axially inserted or completely withdrawn from the casing end, the present invention enables second-level rapid assembly and disassembly of the drive device and casing when connecting a single casing, significantly shortening auxiliary operation time and greatly improving the construction efficiency of casing lifting and lowering.

[0011] Meanwhile, after the locking assembly is locked, the two semi-circular drive seats close together to form a rigid annular clamping structure, which can reliably transmit the rotational torque output by the power head to the casing through the adapter, the first pin, the lifter, and the second pin. This allows the casing to rotate and sweep the hole under load when encountering obstruction, without having to remove the casing and re-drill through the hole. This fundamentally solves the technical problems of cumbersome obstruction handling and serious delays in the construction period in the existing technology.

[0012] The adapter is hinged to the lifting device, making operation more convenient.

[0013] Furthermore, there are two second pins, one of which hinges the top of the first drive seat to one side of the lower end of the lifting device, and the other second pin hinges the top of the second drive seat to the other side of the lower end of the lifting device; the axes of the two second pins are parallel to each other and are both perpendicular to the axial direction of the sleeve driver.

[0014] The above setup achieves the following effects: the two second pins are independently hinged to the two drive seats, allowing each drive seat to have its own independent degree of rotation freedom without interference. During operation, single-sided or simultaneous double-sided rotation can be selected according to the actual needs of the working space and the sleeve position, significantly improving operational flexibility. The axes of the two second pins are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve actuator, ensuring that the movement trajectories of the two drive seats during rotation are both located in a plane perpendicular to the sleeve axis. This allows the drive seats to form a uniform radial clearance space with the outer wall of the sleeve when rotated open, facilitating the unobstructed entry and exit of the sleeve into the annular clamping space. It also ensures that the two drive seats can accurately align when closed, forming a complete rigid annular structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the locking assembly includes a locking pin and a locking nut disposed on the locking end face between the first drive seat and the second drive seat; In one locking assembly, the locking pin is rotatably disposed on the contact end of the first drive seat or the second drive seat in the locking end face; a slot is provided on the contact end of the other drive seat; The locking pin has a T-shaped structure, including a pivot pin and a threaded connecting rod connected in the middle of the pivot pin. The threaded connecting rod has a threaded section. The locking nut is screwed onto the threaded section of the threaded connecting rod. The threaded connecting rod rotates with the pivot pin and can be engaged or disengaged from the slot; when the threaded connecting rod is engaged in the slot, tightening the locking nut can lock and fix the first drive seat and the second drive seat.

[0016] The above setup achieves the following effect: This locking assembly employs a quick-locking structure of "rotation-locking + single-nut tightening," making operation extremely convenient. In use, simply rotate the T-shaped locking pin to screw the threaded connecting rod into the slot of the other drive seat, then tighten a locking nut to rigidly lock the two heavy-duty semi-ring drive seats. To unlock, simply loosen the nut and rotate the locking pin in the opposite direction to disengage the connecting rod from the slot. Compared to traditional multi-point bolt fastening methods, this structure simplifies the locking operation to the engagement and disengagement of a single nut, achieving true "convenient tightening and loosening."

[0017] Meanwhile, the T-shaped locking pin and the threaded connecting rod form a lever-type transmission structure, allowing the operator to lock and unlock without special tools, which is especially suitable for the rapid operation needs of field drilling sites.

[0018] The axial clamping force generated after the lock nut is tightened is converted into a tension force on the locking end faces of the two drive seats through the threaded connecting rod, ensuring that the two drive seats maintain a reliable rigid connection when subjected to large torque rotation and large tonnage lifting loads, and will not come loose unexpectedly.

[0019] Furthermore, the locking pin is hollow and is rotatably mounted on the contact end of the first drive seat or the second drive seat via the locking pin pivot. The slot is a U-shaped slot adapted to the threaded connecting rod; The threaded connecting rod rotates around the locking pin shaft with the locking pin, and can be engaged or disengaged from the U-shaped slot.

[0020] The above setup achieves the following effects: the locking pin shaft provides a fixed and stable center of rotation for the locking pin, ensuring that the threaded connecting rod enters and exits the U-shaped groove along a precise arc trajectory with each rotation, resulting in smooth operation without the need for manual alignment. The open structure at the top of the U-shaped groove allows the threaded connecting rod to be screwed into the groove horizontally from the side. Compared to axial insertion, horizontal screwing requires less operating space, making it particularly suitable for narrow working faces at the wellhead. The arc-shaped bottom surface of the U-shaped groove forms a self-guiding fit with the cylindrical surface of the threaded connecting rod. Even if there is a slight circumferential alignment deviation between the two drive seats when they are closed, the threaded connecting rod can automatically correct its position during screwing through the guide slope of the U-shaped groove, ultimately achieving reliable engagement and reducing the requirements for operational precision.

[0021] Furthermore, the upper end of the lifting device is T-shaped, and the lower end is a U-shaped symmetrical structure. The upper T-shaped part of the lifting device is hinged to the adapter through the first pin, and the two U-shaped parts on both sides of the lower end of the lifting device are respectively hinged to the first drive seat and the second drive seat through two second pins.

[0022] The above configuration achieves the following effects: The hoist employs a symmetrical T-shaped structure with two U-shaped sections on either side, forming a two-stage hinged chain from top to bottom. The upper T-shaped structure is hinged to the adapter via a first pin, allowing the hoist to swing freely within a certain angle range around the first pin. During casing installation and removal, it automatically adapts to alignment deviations between the wellhead and the power head, providing a floating adjustment function and preventing damage to the casing threads due to alignment deviations. The lower U-shaped structures on both sides are hinged to the two drive seats via second pins, providing independent and symmetrical turning fulcrums for the two drive seats. This ensures the symmetry of movement and the balance of forces on the two drive seats during opening and closing. The entire hoist structure is compact, with a clear force path, not only transmitting the lifting force but also integrating multiple functions such as floating hinges and drive seat turning fulcrums.

[0023] Furthermore, a retaining tooth plate is installed on the radially inner sidewall of the first drive seat and the second drive seat respectively, and the inner side of the retaining tooth plate is provided with teeth for engaging the pre-set retaining structure on the outer wall of the sleeve. The teeth consist of multiple sets of annular teeth spaced apart along the axial direction. The tooth shape of the annular teeth matches the groove shape of the annular retaining groove preset on the outer wall of the sleeve to achieve surface contact clamping.

[0024] In the locked state, the locking assembly causes the teeth of the clamping tooth plate to engage with the preset clamping structure of the sleeve, thereby synchronously transmitting axial lifting force and circumferential rotational torque to the sleeve under the drive of the power head.

[0025] The above configuration achieves the following effect: The inner surface of the clamping tooth plate is provided with teeth that match the pre-set clamping structure on the outer wall of the sleeve. These teeth consist of multiple sets of annular teeth spaced apart along the axial direction. The annular teeth and the pre-set annular clamping groove on the outer wall of the sleeve form a surface contact fit. Compared with the method of clamping by friction alone, the toothed clamping structure of the present invention can convert the clamping force into a pressure-bearing contact between the tooth surface and the groove surface, which greatly improves the axial load-bearing capacity and anti-slip reliability. After the locking assembly is locked, the teeth of the clamping tooth plate are embedded in the pre-set clamping structure of the sleeve. The axial lifting force and rotational torque output by the power head are transmitted to the clamping tooth plate in sequence through the adapter, the lifting device, and the drive seat, and then simultaneously transmitted to the sleeve through the surface contact pair between the teeth and the clamping groove, effectively avoiding the safety risk of the sleeve slipping and falling.

[0026] Furthermore, the inner sidewalls of the first drive seat and the second drive seat are respectively provided with dovetail grooves that extend axially and are closed at the lower end. The retaining tooth plate has a dovetail-shaped structure with multiple sets of teeth on the small end side. The retaining tooth plate is fitted into the corresponding dovetail groove from top to bottom. The upper end of the dovetail groove is provided with a pressure cap, which is fixed to the upper end of the dovetail groove by fastening bolts to restrict the upward movement of the clamping tooth plate; the closed lower end of the dovetail groove is used to bear the axial load transmitted downward by the clamping tooth plate.

[0027] The above configuration achieves the following effects: the dovetail groove and dovetail-shaped retaining plate's mating structure combines guiding, load-bearing, and anti-disengagement functions. The dovetail's beveled surface ensures the retaining plate will not detach from the inside under radial force, while the lower closed structure directly bears the sleeve's gravity load transmitted downwards by the retaining plate, forming a clear axial load transmission path. The gland and bolts make retaining plate replacement extremely convenient; simply remove the gland bolts to pull out the worn retaining plate from above, replace it with a new one, insert it, and re-secure the gland—no need to disassemble the entire drive unit. This structure significantly reduces maintenance difficulty and spare parts replacement time at field construction sites. Simultaneously, the large contact area between the dovetail groove and the dovetail-shaped retaining plate ensures the retaining plate's torsional stability under high torque rotation, preventing circumferential rotation or displacement even under repeated high-torque impacts.

[0028] Furthermore, the upper end of the dovetail groove is provided with a threaded hole, thereby fixing it to the pressure cap with bolts to prevent the retaining tooth plate from coming out.

[0029] The above setup achieves the following effects: the connection method, with a threaded hole at the upper end of the dovetail groove and a bolted cap, is simple and reliable, eliminating the need for a complex locking mechanism on the drive unit body, thus reducing processing costs and assembly difficulty. Furthermore, the detachable nature of the bolted connection allows the cap to be repeatedly disassembled and reassembled without affecting its locking function, meeting the practical operational needs of frequent changes in different specifications of die plates at drilling sites to accommodate casings of different diameters.

[0030] Furthermore, both the first drive seat and the second drive seat are provided with lifting lugs and fixing plates. The lifting lugs are provided with pin holes for rotatably connecting with the second pin shaft. The fixing plates are provided with the slots.

[0031] The above configuration achieves the following effect: the lifting lug is located on the top of the drive seat and is rotatably connected to the second pin through the pin hole, so that the flipping hinge point of the drive seat is located at the top of the drive seat. This layout allows the lower end (i.e., the locking end) to have the largest flipping range when the drive seat flips around the second pin, thus providing the maximum radial clearance space for the sleeve to enter and exit in the open state.

[0032] The fixing plate is located on the locking end face of the drive seat, and a slot is formed on it to cooperate with the locking pin on the other side of the drive seat to form a locking mechanism. The lifting lug and the fixing plate are located at the top and end of the drive seat, respectively, with clear functional divisions, no interference between them, and a reasonable structural layout.

[0033] Meanwhile, the fitting accuracy between the pin hole of the lifting lug and the second pin ensures that the drive seat can be accurately aligned when closed, so that the inner walls of the semi-circular rings of the two drive seats form a complete cylindrical surface when closed, ensuring uniform circumferential contact between the clamping tooth plate and the outer wall of the sleeve, and avoiding local stress concentration.

[0034] Furthermore, the upper connecting part of the adapter is a threaded section or a flange; The lower end of the adapter is provided with a U-shaped groove, and the end face is provided with an adapter pin hole for connecting with the first pin shaft, the first pin shaft passing through the two side walls of the U-shaped groove.

[0035] The above setup achieves the following effects: the threaded section or flange at the upper end of the adapter allows it to be compatible with the output interfaces of different power heads, providing excellent versatility. The lower U-shaped groove structure is hinged to the lifting device via a first pin that penetrates both sides of the groove wall, forming a double-ear hinge structure. This ensures balanced force distribution and strong resistance to lateral loads. The first pin simultaneously bears the axial lifting force from the lifting device and the shear force generated by the rotational torque. The installation method, penetrating both sides of the U-shaped groove wall, results in the pin being subjected to force on a double shear surface. Compared to a single shear surface connection, this provides higher load-bearing strength, ensuring connection reliability under heavy-tonnage lifting and high-torque rotation conditions.

[0036] Furthermore, one end of the first pin and the second pin are respectively provided with a radially protruding limiting step, and the other end is respectively provided with a radial through hole. A safety pin is inserted into the radial through hole. The limiting step and the safety pin together constitute an axial bidirectional anti-disengagement structure for each pin.

[0037] The above setup achieves the following effect: the limiting step and the safety pin cooperate to form an axial bidirectional anti-dislodgement structure for the pin, ensuring that each hinged pin will not experience axial movement or fall off under high-frequency vibration and large overturning moment conditions. The safety pin is inserted into the radial through hole at the end of the pin, and installation and removal can be completed simply by inserting and removing the safety pin, without the need for special tools, facilitating quick on-site assembly, disassembly, and maintenance.

[0038] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for sleeve loading and unloading operation using the sleeve unscrewing and dismantling drive device described in the first aspect, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Unlock the locking assembly to release the first drive seat from the second drive seat; Step 2: Flip the first drive seat and / or the second drive seat outward around the second pin axis to open them; Step 3: Move the sleeve driver to the target sleeve position so that the first drive seat and the second drive seat envelop the outer wall of the sleeve from both radial sides; Step 4: Rotate the first drive seat and the second drive seat inward around the second pin axis to close them together, so that the first drive seat and the second drive seat hug the outer wall of the sleeve; Step 5: Tighten the locking assembly to fix and lock the first drive seat and the second drive seat to the outer wall of the sleeve; Step Six: Start the power head, and transmit lifting force and rotation torque to the casing driver through the adapter, the first pin, the lifting device and the second pin, so as to realize the lowering, lifting or rotating unscrewing operation of the casing.

[0039] The effects achieved by the above settings are as follows: The operation method of this invention uses "radial flipping envelope" as its core operation logic, eliminating the need for inserting or withdrawing the drive head along the casing axis throughout the entire process. Steps two to four only require the flipping and closing of the drive seat within the wellhead plane, resulting in a short operating stroke, simple actions, and good visibility. Operators can quickly complete the assembly and disassembly of the casing and drive device without working at height. In step six, the rotational torque of the power head is transmitted to the casing through a complete rigid connecting chain, allowing the casing to be rotated and swept at any time when encountering resistance during descent, thus resolving the resistance without withdrawing the casing. This fundamentally solves the industry pain point of "requiring the casing to be withdrawn and re-drilled after encountering resistance" in the prior art. Furthermore, since the assembly and disassembly operations only take a few seconds when connecting a single casing, compared to the lengthy process in the prior art where the drive head needs to be completely withdrawn and reinserted into the next casing, the operation method of this invention reduces the auxiliary time for connecting a single casing by more than 80%, significantly improving the overall descent efficiency of deep well casings.

[0040] Furthermore, in step one, the specific operation of unlocking the locking assembly is as follows: loosen the locking nut, rotate the locking pin, and disengage the threaded connecting rod fixedly connected to the locking pin from the U-shaped groove on the locking end face of the second drive seat. Furthermore, in step five, the specific operation of locking the locking assembly is as follows: rotate the locking pin to make the threaded connecting rod engage with the U-shaped groove, tighten the locking nut to press the locking nut against the outer end face of the U-shaped groove.

[0041] Furthermore, in step two, depending on the workspace and operational needs, one of the first drive seat and the second drive seat may be flipped, or both may be flipped simultaneously.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention employs a split-type semi-circular annular drive seat structure, with the first and second drive seats respectively hinged to the radial sides of the lower end of the hoist via a second pin, forming a "clamshell" opening and closing structure. After the locking assembly is unlocked, the two drive seats can be flipped outward around the top hinge point to radially envelop or release the casing from the outside; when locking, they can be flipped inward to close and complete the clamping. The entire assembly and disassembly process only requires flipping and locking operations within the wellhead plane, with a short operating stroke and simple action, eliminating the need for long-distance insertion or withdrawal of the drive head along the casing axis. Compared with the lengthy operation process in the prior art, which requires the drive head to be axially inserted from the end of the casing before locking and for each single casing connection to be completely withdrawn and reinserted, this invention can reduce auxiliary time by more than 80% when connecting single casings, greatly improving the efficiency of deep well casing tripping operations.

[0043] 2. This invention connects the power head via an adapter and reliably transmits the rotational torque of the power head to the casing driver through a first pin, a lifting device, and a second pin. The torque is then transmitted to the casing through the engagement of the teeth of the clamping jaws with a pre-set clamping structure on the outer wall of the casing. This allows the power head to be directly activated to drive the casing to rotate and sweep through the obstructed section under load when it encounters resistance during lowering, eliminating the need to remove the casing and re-drill. This fundamentally solves the industry pain points of cumbersome obstruction handling and severe project delays in existing technologies. Furthermore, this invention uses a toothed clamping structure to simultaneously transmit axial force and torque. Compared to methods relying solely on friction for clamping, this provides stronger load-bearing capacity and higher anti-slip reliability, ensuring operational safety for large-tonnage casings during rotational sweeping.

[0044] 3. The locking assembly of this invention adopts a quick-locking structure of "rotation insertion + single nut tightening". The locking pin is a T-shaped structure, and its rotating pin is rotatably set on the locking end face of one drive seat through the locking pin shaft. The threaded connecting rod fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating pin can be screwed horizontally into the U-shaped groove of the other drive seat. Only one locking nut needs to be tightened to achieve rigid locking of the two heavy-duty semi-ring drive seats; to unlock, simply loosen the nut and rotate the locking pin in the opposite direction to disengage the connecting rod from the groove. Compared with the traditional multi-point bolt fastening method, this invention simplifies the locking operation to the tightening action of a single nut, achieving true "convenient tightening and loosening". The upper opening structure of the U-shaped groove allows the threaded connecting rod to be screwed in horizontally from the side. Compared with the axial insertion method, the operating space is smaller, and the bottom arc surface of the U-shaped groove forms a self-guiding fit with the cylindrical surface of the threaded connecting rod. Even if there is a slight circumferential deviation when the two drive seats are closed, it can be automatically corrected, reducing the requirements for operating precision.

[0045] 4. This invention uses a first pin to hinge the adapter to the hoist, and two second pins to hinge the lower ends of the hoist to two drive seats respectively, forming a two-stage hinge chain from top to bottom. The hoist can swing freely around the first pin within a certain angle range, automatically adapting to the alignment deviation between the wellhead and the power head during casing raising and lowering, playing a floating adjustment role and avoiding damage to the casing threads due to alignment deviation.

[0046] 5. In this invention, a retaining tooth plate is provided on the radially inner side of the first and second drive seats. The inner surface of the retaining tooth plate is provided with annular teeth that match the pre-set retaining structure (annular retaining groove) on the outer wall of the sleeve. After the locking assembly is locked, the annular teeth are embedded in the annular retaining groove of the sleeve, forming a surface contact tooth-clamping fit. Compared with the method of clamping by friction alone, the tooth-clamping structure of this invention can convert the clamping force into a pressure-bearing contact between the tooth surface and the groove surface. It will not slip under heavy-tonnage axial lifting and high-torque rotation conditions, achieving the technical effect of "single-point locking and bidirectional bearing" (simultaneously bearing axial tension and circumferential torque). Multiple sets of annular teeth distributed at intervals along the axial direction further disperse the load, avoid local stress concentration, significantly improve the load-bearing capacity and service life, and effectively prevent the safety accident of sleeve slippage and falling.

[0047] 6. This invention employs a dovetail groove and dovetail-shaped retaining plate mating structure, combining guiding, load-bearing, and anti-disengagement functions. The dovetail-shaped beveled fit ensures that the retaining plate will not disengage from the inside when subjected to radial force, and the lower closed structure directly bears the sleeve's gravity load transmitted downwards by the retaining plate, forming a clear axial load transmission path. The gland and bolts make retaining plate replacement extremely convenient.

[0048] 7. One end of the first and second pins is provided with a radially protruding limiting step, and the other end is provided with a radial through hole into which a safety pin is inserted. The limiting step and the safety pin together constitute an axial bidirectional anti-dislodgement structure for each pin. This structure ensures that the hinged pins will not axially move or fall off under high-frequency vibration and large overturning moment conditions. The safety pin is inserted into the radial through hole at the end of the pin. Installation and removal can be completed simply by inserting and pulling, without the need for special tools, facilitating quick on-site assembly, disassembly, and maintenance, and effectively avoiding major safety accidents caused by pin detachment.

[0049] 8. The invention features a compact overall structure and a rational layout of components. When the drive seat is flipped open, its lower end (locking end) has the largest flipping range, providing maximum radial clearance for casing entry and exit, while the overall radial dimension increases only slightly in the open state, allowing for flexible operation even in narrow wellhead working faces. The two drive seats can be selected to flip on one side or both sides simultaneously, further adapting to the needs of different working spaces and operating habits, thus having a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the unloading and sleeve removal device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the bushing actuator of the present invention.

[0051] In the picture: 1. Adapter; 2. First pin; 3. Lifter; 4. Second pin; 5. Sleeve driver; 5-1. Clamping tooth plate; 5-2. First drive seat; 5-3. Pressure cap; 5-4. Locking pin shaft; 5-5. Locking pin; 5-6. Locking nut; 5-7. Second drive seat. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this embodiment and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this embodiment. Example 1

[0054] This embodiment provides a drive device for unscrewing, assembling, and disassembling sleeves, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes an adapter 1, a lifting device 3, and a sleeve actuator 5.

[0055] The upper end of the adapter 1 is provided with a connecting part for connecting the power head. This connecting part can be a threaded section or a flange, and the appropriate connection form can be selected according to the output interface of different power head models. The lower end of the adapter 1 is provided with a U-shaped groove, and the two sides of the groove wall are provided with coaxial pin holes. The first pin 2 passes through the two sides of the groove wall, hinged to the upper end of the lifting device 3 to the lower end of the adapter 1. The hinged connection between the adapter 1 and the lifting device 3 allows the lifting device 3 to swing freely around the first pin 2 within a certain angle range. During the casing raising and lowering process, it can automatically adapt to the alignment deviation between the wellhead and the power head, playing a floating adjustment role. This avoids damage to the casing threads due to alignment deviation. At the same time, the operator can complete the casing alignment without repeatedly adjusting the position of the power head, reducing the difficulty of operation.

[0056] The upper end of the lifting device 3 has a T-shaped structure, and the lower end has a U-shaped symmetrical structure on both sides. The upper T-shaped part has a pin hole, which is hinged to the lower end of the adapter 1 through the first pin 2. The lower U-shaped parts on both sides have coaxial pin holes for connecting with the sleeve driver 5.

[0057] Specifically, the sleeve actuator 5 includes a first drive seat 5-2 and a second drive seat 5-7. Both the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 are split semi-circular ring structures. When they are closed, they can form a complete ring structure to envelop and clamp the outer wall of the sleeve. The top of the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 are respectively provided with lifting lugs, and the lifting lugs are provided with pin holes.

[0058] There are two second pins 4. One second pin 4 passes through the pin hole of the top lug of the first drive seat 5-2 and hinges the first drive seat 5-2 to the U-shaped part on one side of the lower end of the lifter 3. The other second pin 4 passes through the pin hole of the top lug of the second drive seat 5-7 and hinges the second drive seat 5-7 to the U-shaped part on the other side of the lower end of the lifter 3.

[0059] The axes of the two second pins 4 are parallel to each other and are both perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve actuator 5.

[0060] Preferably, one end of the first pin 2 and the second pin 4 are respectively provided with a radially protruding limiting step, and the other end is respectively provided with a radial through hole. A safety pin is inserted into the radial through hole. The limiting step and the safety pin together constitute the axial bidirectional anti-disengagement structure of each pin.

[0061] The first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 are connected in a detachable locking manner at their two ends in the circumferential direction by locking components.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the locking assembly is located on the locking end faces of the two drive seats, including a locking pin 5-5 and a locking nut 5-6. The locking pin 5-5 has a T-shaped structure, including a pivot pin and a threaded connecting rod fixedly connected to the middle of the pivot pin, with a threaded section on the threaded connecting rod.

[0063] Both ends of the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 can be locked, thus having two locking end faces. On one of the locking end faces, the pivot pin of the locking pin 5-5 is hollow and is rotatably set at the contact end of the first drive seat 5-2 via the locking pin pivot 5-4 and the nut. The threaded connecting rod rotates with the pivot pin around the locking pin pivot 5-4. The contact end of the second drive seat 5-7 is provided with a U-shaped groove adapted to the threaded connecting rod. The threaded connecting rod can engage or disengage from the U-shaped groove as it rotates with the locking pin 5-5. The locking nut 5-6 is screwed onto the threaded section of the threaded connecting rod. When the threaded connecting rod engages in the U-shaped groove, tightening the locking nut 5-6 will lock and fix the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7. When the locking nut 5-6 is loosened and the threaded connecting rod is disengaged from the U-shaped groove, the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 are released from locking. The two drive seats can be flipped outward around their respective second pins 4 to release the clamped sleeve or prepare to insert a new sleeve. When the two drive seats are flipped inward and closed on the outer wall of the sleeve and the locking assembly is locked, the two drive seats are closed and clamped on the outer wall of the sleeve, forming a rigid connection.

[0064] On another locking end face, the locking pin 5-5 is rotatably mounted on the contact end of the second drive seat 5-7 via the locking pin pivot 5-4 and the nut. The contact end of the first drive seat 5-2 is provided with a U-shaped groove adapted to the threaded connecting rod. Generally, the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 have identical structures and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner.

[0065] The first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 each have a dovetail groove extending axially and closed at the lower end on their radially inner sidewalls. The retaining tooth plate 5-1 has a dovetail structure, with multiple sets of axially spaced annular teeth on its small end side. The retaining tooth plate 5-1 is fitted into the corresponding dovetail groove from top to bottom. A pressure cap 5-3 is provided at the upper end of the dovetail groove. The pressure cap 5-3 is fixed to the upper end of the dovetail groove by bolts and washers to restrict the upward movement of the retaining tooth plate 5-1.

[0066] The closed lower end of the dovetail groove is used to bear the axial load transmitted downward by the retaining tooth plate 5-1. The tooth shape of the annular tooth matches the groove shape of the pre-set annular retaining groove on the outer wall of the sleeve. When the locking assembly is in the locked state, the annular tooth of the retaining tooth plate 5-1 is embedded into the annular retaining groove of the sleeve, forming a surface contact tooth engagement, thereby synchronously transmitting axial lifting force and circumferential rotational torque to the sleeve under the drive of the power head.

[0067] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: In use, first loosen the locking nut 5-6 and rotate the locking pin 5-5 to disengage the threaded connecting rod from the U-shaped groove on the locking end face of the second drive seat 5-7. At this time, the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 are released from locking. Then, the first drive seat 5-2 and / or the second drive seat 5-7 are flipped outward around the second pin 4 to open, and the sleeve actuator 5 is in an open state. The open sleeve actuator 5 is moved to the target sleeve position by the power head moving device, so that the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 wrap around the outer wall of the sleeve from both radial sides, and the annular teeth of the clamping tooth plate 5-1 are aligned with the preset annular clamping groove on the outer wall of the sleeve. Then, the two drive seats are flipped inward around the second pin 4 to close, so that the annular teeth of the clamping tooth plate 5-1 are embedded in the annular clamping groove of the sleeve. Rotate the locking pin 5-5 to make the threaded connecting rod engage with the U-shaped groove of the second drive seat 5-7, tighten the locking nut 5-6 to press the locking nut 5-6 against the outer end face of the U-shaped groove, and fix the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 to the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0068] Finally, the power head is activated. The transmission path of the rotational torque and axial lifting force is as follows: power head, adapter 1, first pin 2, lifting device 3, second pin 4, first drive seat 5-2 and second drive seat 5-7, clamping jaw plate 5-1, and sleeve, realizing the lowering, lifting, or rotational unscrewing of the sleeve. When encountering resistance during lowering, the power head is kept rotating, allowing the sleeve to sweep through the obstructed section while rotating, without needing to remove the sleeve. When disassembling the sleeve, simply reverse the above steps.

[0069] This embodiment achieves a "clamshell" opening and closing structure for the sleeve actuator 5 by setting up a split semi-circular first drive seat 5-2 and a second drive seat 5-7, which are respectively hinged to the radial sides of the lower end of the lifting device 3 via a second pin 4. In use, simply unlocking the locking assembly allows the two drive seats to flip outwards around the top hinge point, radially enveloping and inserting or releasing the sleeve from the outside, completely eliminating the need for long-distance insertion or extraction along the sleeve's axial direction. Compared to the prior art where the drive head must be axially inserted or completely withdrawn from the sleeve end, this embodiment allows for second-level rapid assembly and disassembly of the drive device and sleeve when connecting a single sleeve, significantly shortening auxiliary operation time and greatly improving the construction efficiency of sleeve lifting and lowering. Simultaneously, after the locking assembly is locked, the two semi-circular drive seats close together to form a rigid annular clamping structure. This structure reliably transmits the rotational torque output by the power head to the casing through the adapter 1, the first pin 2, the lifting device 3, and the second pin 4. This allows the casing to rotate and sweep the hole under load when encountering obstruction, eliminating the need to remove the casing and re-drill through the hole. This fundamentally solves the technical problems of cumbersome obstruction handling and severe project delays in existing technologies. The adapter 1 is hinged to the lifting device 3, allowing the lifting device 3 to swing freely around the first pin 2, automatically adapting to wellhead alignment deviations. Operators do not need to repeatedly adjust the power head position, making operation more convenient and faster. The annular teeth of the clamping tooth plate 5-1 form a surface contact tooth-clamping fit with the annular clamping groove on the outer wall of the casing, achieving reliable transmission of axial lifting force and circumferential rotational torque simultaneously. This effectively prevents casing slippage and falls, significantly improving operational safety. Example 2

[0070] This embodiment provides a sleeve loading and unloading operation method using the sleeve unscrewing and dismantling drive device described in Embodiment 1. The operation method of the above device is as follows: Step 1: Unlock. Loosen the locking nut 5-6, rotate the locking pin 5-5 to disengage the threaded connecting rod from the U-shaped groove on the locking end face of the second drive seat 5-7, and release the first drive seat 5-2 from the second drive seat 5-7.

[0071] Step 2: Flip and open. Flip the first drive seat 5-2 and / or the second drive seat 5-7 outward around the second pin 4 to open. Depending on the workspace requirements, you can choose to flip only one drive seat or flip both drive seats simultaneously.

[0072] Step 3: Radial Envelope Positioning. The sleeve driver 5 is moved to the target sleeve position by the power head moving device, so that the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 envelop the outer wall of the sleeve from both radial sides, and the teeth of the clamping tooth plate 5-1 are aligned with the preset annular clamping groove on the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0073] Step 4: Flip and close. Flip the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 inward around the second pin 4 to close them together, so that the two drive seats hug the outer wall of the sleeve, and the teeth of the retaining tooth plate 5-1 are embedded in the annular retaining groove of the sleeve.

[0074] Step 5: Locking. Rotate the locking pin 5-5 to make the threaded connecting rod engage with the U-shaped groove of the second drive seat 5-7, tighten the locking nut 5-6, and press the locking nut 5-6 against the outer end face of the U-shaped groove to fix and lock the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 to the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0075] Step Six: Power Operation. Start the power head, which transmits lifting force and rotational torque to the casing driver 5 through adapter 1, first pin 2, lifting device 3, and second pin 4, enabling the casing to be lowered, lifted, or rotated for unloading. When encountering resistance during lowering, maintain the power head's rotational drive, allowing the casing to sweep through the obstructed section while rotating, without needing to remove the casing.

[0076] The working principle of this invention is as follows: After the locking assembly is unlocked, the first drive seat 5-2 and the second drive seat 5-7 can be flipped outward around the second pin 4 at their respective tops, at which point the sleeve actuator 5 is in an open state. After moving the open actuator to the target sleeve position, the two drive seats flip inward and close, causing the teeth of the retaining tooth plate 5-1 to engage in the preset retaining structure on the outer wall of the sleeve. Rotating the T-shaped locking pin 5-5 causes the threaded connecting rod to engage in the U-shaped groove, and tightening the locking nut 5-6 completes the locking process. At this point, the two semi-circular drive seats close into a complete rigid annular structure, forming a rigid connection with the sleeve.

[0077] After the power head is started, the transmission path of rotational torque and axial lifting force is as follows: power head, adapter 1, first pin 2, lifting device 3, second pin 4, first drive seat 5-2 and second drive seat 5-7, clamping toothed plate 5-1, and sleeve. Because the teeth of the clamping toothed plate 5-1 are embedded in the clamping structure of the sleeve, the axial lifting force and rotational torque can be reliably transmitted to the sleeve simultaneously.

[0078] When disassembling the sleeve, simply reverse the steps described above: loosen the locking nut 5-6, rotate the locking pin 5-5 to disengage the threaded connecting rod from the U-shaped groove, flip the two drive seats outward to open them, release the sleeve, and remove the drive unit.

[0079] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0080] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0082] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0083] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drive device for unscrewing and disassembling sleeves, characterized in that, include: Adapter (1), lifting device (3) and sleeve actuator (5); The upper end of the adapter (1) is provided with a connecting part for connecting the power head, and the lower end of the adapter (1) is hinged to the upper end of the lifting device (3) through the first pin (2). The sleeve driver (5) includes a first drive seat (5-2) and a second drive seat (5-7). Both the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) are open semi-circular ring structures, and an annular clamping space for radially enveloping and clamping the outer wall of the sleeve can be formed between them. The first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) are respectively hinged to the radial sides of the lower end of the lifting device (3) via the second pin (4); The first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) are connected in a detachable locking manner at both ends of the annular circumferential direction by a locking assembly; After the locking assembly is unlocked, the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) can be flipped outward around the second pin (4) to release or insert the sleeve; after the locking assembly is locked, the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) close together and are clamped to the outer wall of the sleeve.

2. The sleeve unscrewing and disassembly driving device according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two second pins (4). One of the second pins (4) hinges the top of the first drive seat (5-2) to one side of the lower end of the lifting device (3), and the other second pin (4) hinges the top of the second drive seat (5-7) to the other side of the lower end of the lifting device (3). The axes of the two second pins (4) are parallel to each other and are both perpendicular to the axial direction of the sleeve driver (5).

3. The sleeve unscrewing and disassembly driving device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking assembly includes a locking pin (5-5) and a locking nut (5-6) disposed on the locking end face between the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7). In one locking assembly, the locking pin (5-5) is rotatably disposed at the contact end of the first drive seat (5-2) or the second drive seat (5-7) in the locking end face; a slot is provided on the contact end of the other drive seat; The locking pin (5-5) has a T-shaped structure, including a pivot pin and a threaded connecting rod connected in the middle of the pivot pin. The threaded connecting rod has a threaded section. The locking nut (5-6) is screwed onto the threaded section of the threaded connecting rod. The threaded connecting rod rotates with the pivot pin and can be engaged or disengaged from the slot; when the threaded connecting rod is engaged in the slot, tightening the locking nut (5-6) can lock and fix the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7).

4. The sleeve unscrewing and disassembly driving device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pivot pin of the locking pin (5-5) is rotatably mounted on the contact end of the first drive seat (5-2) or the second drive seat (5-7) via the locking pin pivot shaft (5-4); The slot is a U-shaped slot adapted to the threaded connecting rod; The threaded connecting rod rotates around the locking pin shaft (5-4) with the locking pin (5-5), and can be engaged or disengaged from the U-shaped slot.

5. The sleeve unscrewing and disassembly driving device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the lifting device (3) is T-shaped and the lower end is U-shaped symmetrical structure. The upper T-shaped part of the lifting device (3) is hinged to the adapter (1) through the first pin (2). The lower U-shaped parts on both sides of the lifting device (3) are respectively hinged to the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) through two second pins (4).

6. The sleeve unscrewing and disassembly driving device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A retaining tooth plate (5-1) is fixedly installed on the radially inner sidewall of the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7). The inner side of the retaining tooth plate (5-1) is provided with teeth for engaging the pre-set retaining structure on the outer wall of the sleeve. The teeth consist of multiple sets of annular teeth spaced apart along the axial direction. The tooth shape of the annular teeth matches the groove shape of the annular retaining groove preset on the outer wall of the sleeve to achieve surface contact clamping. In the locked state, the locking assembly causes the teeth of the clamping tooth plate (5-1) to engage with the preset clamping structure of the sleeve, thereby synchronously transmitting axial lifting force and circumferential rotational torque to the sleeve under the drive of the power head.

7. The sleeve-operating drive device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner walls of the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) are respectively provided with dovetail grooves that extend axially and are closed at the lower end; The retaining tooth plate (5-1) has a dovetail structure with teeth on the small end side. The retaining tooth plate (5-1) is fitted into the corresponding dovetail groove from top to bottom. The upper end of the dovetail groove is provided with a pressure cap (5-3), which is fixed to the upper end of the dovetail groove by fastening bolts to restrict the upward movement of the clamping tooth plate (5-1); the closed lower end of the dovetail groove is used to bear the axial load transmitted downward by the clamping tooth plate (5-1).

8. The sleeve unscrewing and disassembly driving device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper end of the dovetail groove is provided with a threaded hole, which is then fixedly connected to the pressure cap (5-3) by bolts to prevent the retaining tooth plate (5-1) from coming out.

9. The sleeve unscrewing and disassembly driving device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the first pin (2) and the second pin (4) are respectively provided with a radially protruding limiting step, and the other end is respectively provided with a radial through hole. A safety pin is inserted into the radial through hole. The limiting step and the safety pin together constitute the axial bidirectional anti-disengagement structure of each pin.

10. A method for loading and unloading a sleeve using the sleeve-driving device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Unlock the locking assembly to release the locking between the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7); Step 2: Flip the first drive seat (5-2) and / or the second drive seat (5-7) outward around the second pin (4) to open them; Step 3: Move the sleeve driver (5) to the target sleeve position so that the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) envelop the outer wall of the sleeve from both radial sides; Step 4: Flip the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) inward around the second pin (4) and close them together, so that the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) hug the outer wall of the sleeve; Step 5: Tighten the locking assembly to fix and lock the first drive seat (5-2) and the second drive seat (5-7) to the outer wall of the sleeve; Step 6: Start the power head and transmit lifting force and rotation torque to the casing driver (5) through the adapter (1), the first pin (2), the lifting device (3) and the second pin (4) to realize the lowering, lifting or rotating unloading of the casing.

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