A combined support system and construction method for a shaft and large-inclination inclined chute

Abstract

The application relates to a full-life-cycle composite supporting system and method for a chute and a large-inclination inclined chute, and relates to the technical field of mine supporting. The composite supporting system for the chute and the large-inclination inclined chute comprises a vertical chute section supporting structure and an inclined chute section supporting structure. The vertical chute section adopts a double-layer composite structure, mechanical interlocking is realized among a sealing bearing layer, a prefabricated reinforcing layer and surrounding rock, the problem of poor interlayer bonding force and easy peeling and sliding of a traditional supporting structure is fundamentally solved, and the long-term stability of the supporting structure under the environment of ore impact and underground water immersion is greatly improved. The inclined chute section adopts a composite structure of a prefabricated steel reinforcement cage, a shaft ring wear-resistant steel plate and steel fiber concrete, the shaft ring wear-resistant steel plate serves as a permanent formwork, safe construction of the inclined chute is realized, and the wear resistance and service life of the inclined chute are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mine support technology, and in particular to a composite support system and construction method for ore passes and steeply inclined chutes. Background Technology

[0002] In mining operations, ore bins and ore passes are typically connected by inclined chutes with an inclination angle greater than 60°. The vertical ore pass and the inclined chutes together constitute the key channel for ore transfer.

[0003] Both types of passages are critical bottlenecks in ore transportation, enduring long-term impact loads from falling ore, high-frequency abrasion, and groundwater erosion. The reliability and durability of their support structures directly affect mine production safety and transportation efficiency. However, existing support technologies suffer from a series of common bottlenecks: Waterproofing and support separation: Conventional anchor spraying support cannot completely isolate the water in the surrounding rock fissures, which leads to an increase in the moisture content of the ore and affects transportation and hoisting efficiency; Poor interlayer bonding: The steel waterproof layer is only connected to the concrete and surrounding rock by friction or simple anchor bolts. Under the impact of ore and soaking of groundwater, interlayer peeling, concrete ring slippage and blockage at the bottom of the well are likely to occur. Inclined chutes are generally operated as "naked chutes": due to the inability to construct safely, they are often used directly without support after being blasted into shape, resulting in severe wear on the side walls, easy deformation and collapse, and blockage of the chutes.

[0004] Especially for mines with high ground pressure and large water inflow exceeding 2000m, existing support systems and methods are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of ore passes and inclined passages for waterproofing, impact resistance, and safe construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides a full life-cycle composite support system and method for vertical chutes and inclined chutes, which can effectively achieve integrated waterproof and impact-resistant composite support for vertical chutes and inclined chutes.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a composite support system for a chute and a steeply inclined chute, comprising: a vertical chute section support structure and an inclined chute section support structure; The support structure of the vertical well section includes, from the surrounding rock side to the well interior, the following layers in sequence: outer bonding layer, sealing and bearing layer, inner bonding layer, and prefabricated reinforcing layer; The sealing and bearing layer is welded from multiple sections of annular steel plates; The outer bonding layer is filled with a first high-strength bonding grout between the surrounding rock and the sealing bearing layer, and is used to fix the sealing bearing layer to the surrounding rock; The precast reinforcement layer is composed of multiple nested and stacked precast concrete rings; The inner bonding layer is filled with a second high-strength bonding grout between the sealing and bearing layer and the precast concrete ring, which is used to fix the precast reinforcing layer to the sealing and bearing layer. The support structure of the inclined slide section includes: a precast steel cage, a well ring wear-resistant steel plate, and a slide support layer; the precast steel cage is placed and fixed inside the inclined slide, the well ring wear-resistant steel plate is fixed to the inside of the precast steel cage and serves as a template for pouring support, and anchors are welded to the outside of the well ring wear-resistant steel plate for connection and fixation with the precast steel cage. The chute support layer is made of steel fiber reinforced concrete poured between the wear-resistant steel plate of the well ring and the surrounding rock, and filled with the entire precast steel cage to support and fix the inclined chute.

[0007] Optionally, in some implementations of the first aspect: The inner and outer surfaces of the sealing bearing layer are provided with steel plate connecting grooves; The steel plate connecting groove is a vertical dovetail groove or trapezoidal groove.

[0008] Optionally, in some implementations of the first aspect: The outer surface of the precast concrete ring is provided with a concrete connection groove, and the concrete connection grooves of two adjacent rings are staggered in the circumferential direction. The concrete connection groove is a vertical trapezoidal groove.

[0009] Optionally, in some implementations of the first aspect: The precast concrete ring is 50cm high and 20-30cm thick. Adjacent precast concrete rings are connected by socket or tenon joints, and grouting holes are reserved at the joints.

[0010] Optionally, in some implementations of the first aspect: The anchor is a set of anchor bolts that are welded at intervals to the outside of the wear-resistant steel plate of the well ring.

[0011] Optionally, in some implementations of the first aspect: The precast steel cage is made of 20mm diameter threaded steel bars precast into a cylindrical cage body; The wear-resistant steel plate for the well ring is 2-5cm thick.

[0012] Optionally, in some implementations of the first aspect: A connecting transition structure is provided at the intersection of the vertical chute section support structure and the inclined chute section support structure; The connecting transition structure is an irregularly shaped variable diameter connecting steel plate, which forms a funnel-shaped transition steel chamber. The lower edge of the transition steel chamber is fully welded to the sealing bearing layer, and the upper edge is fully welded to the well ring wear-resistant steel plate, forming a guide channel that smoothly transitions from the inclined chute to the vertical chute.

[0013] Optionally, in some implementations of the first aspect: The composite support system also includes: a wear repair layer; This wear repair layer serves as a reinforcement measure to address wear during the use of the prefabricated reinforcement layer. The wear condition of the well wall is observed using a 3D laser scanner, and a self-propelled annular jetting robot is used to reinforce the worn areas at specific points.

[0014] The second aspect of this application provides a composite support construction method for chutes and steeply inclined chutes, comprising the following steps: S1. Tunneling and shaping: A vertical chute was constructed using a reverse drilling rig, and a steeply inclined chute was created using medium-deep hole blasting. Dangerous rocks at the intersection were also cleared. S2. Ground prefabrication: Multiple sections of annular steel plates are welded into a sealed bearing layer with steel plate connecting grooves on the inner and outer surfaces. Precast concrete rings are then sequentially fitted inside the sealed bearing layer, with the concrete connecting grooves of adjacent rings staggered to form a composite. The wear-resistant steel plate of the well ring is fixed to the inside of the precast steel cage by welding anchors. S3. Deployment and installation: The entire assembly was hoisted and lowered into the vertical chute. The precast steel cage and well ring wear-resistant steel plate are lowered into the inclined chute in sections, the precast steel cage is fixed by anchor bolts, and then spliced ​​together to form the shape; S4. Grouting and Casting: First, inject the first adhesive grout into the outside of the sealing bearing layer to form an outer adhesive layer and embed it into the outer steel plate connection groove; Then, inject a second bonding grout between the inner side of the sealing bearing layer and the precast concrete ring to form an inner bonding layer and embed it into the inner steel plate connection groove and the concrete connection groove, and solidify to form a shear key. Finally, steel fiber reinforced concrete is pumped between the wear-resistant steel plate of the well ring and the surrounding rock to embed the anchors and the reinforcing cage into the concrete. Optionally, in some implementations of the second aspect: This composite support construction method also includes: Monitoring and repair: A 3D laser scanner is used to scan regularly. When the wear exceeds the set threshold, a self-propelled circular shotcrete robot is deployed to perform fixed-point shotcrete reinforcement.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects: The vertical chute section of this application adopts a double-layer composite structure. The outer bonding layer and the inner bonding layer are respectively embedded in the connecting grooves on the inner and outer surfaces of the steel plate and the connecting grooves on the surface of the precast concrete ring. After solidification, they form a bidirectional shear key, which enables mechanical interlocking between the sealing bearing layer, the precast reinforcing layer and the surrounding rock. This fundamentally solves the problems of poor interlayer bonding and easy peeling and slippage in traditional support structures, and greatly improves the long-term stability of the support structure under the environment of ore impact and groundwater soaking.

[0016] The inclined slide section of this application adopts a composite structure of precast steel cage, wear-resistant steel plate for well ring, and steel fiber reinforced concrete. The wear-resistant steel plate for well ring also serves as a permanent formwork, avoiding dangerous operations such as formwork erection, reinforcement binding, and pouring inside the steeply inclined slide. This achieves safe construction of the inclined slide, solves the industry problem of long-term "bare roadway" operation of the inclined slide, and significantly improves the wear resistance and service life of the inclined slide.

[0017] This application achieves a smooth connection between the vertical chute section and the inclined chute section through a connecting transition structure, avoiding severe impact and uneven wear of ore at the intersection, and ensuring the structural continuity and uniform stress of the entire transportation channel.

[0018] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the support structure for the vertical chute section in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing bearing layer in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the sealing bearing layer in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a precast concrete ring in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of the support structure of the inclined slide section in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the support structure of the inclined slide section in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a front view structural schematic diagram of the well ring wear-resistant steel plate in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8This is a structural schematic diagram of a precast steel cage in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of the connection transition structure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a composite support method in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1-surrounding rock; 2-outer bonding layer; 3-sealing bearing layer; 31-steel plate connecting groove; 4-inner bonding layer; 5-precast concrete ring; 51-concrete connecting groove; 6-precast reinforcing cage; 7-well ring wear-resistant steel plate; 71-anchor; 8-steel fiber reinforced concrete; 9-connecting transition structure; 10-vertical chute section; 11-inclined chute section; 12-mineral bin. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0023] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0025] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] See Figure 1-4 A composite support system for a chute and a steeply inclined chute, comprising: a vertical chute section 10 support structure and an inclined chute section 11 support structure.

[0028] The vertical well section's 10-layer support structure, from the surrounding rock 1 side towards the well, includes, in sequence: an outer bonding layer 2, a sealing and bearing layer 3, an inner bonding layer 4, and a prefabricated reinforcing layer; The sealing and bearing layer 3 is welded from multiple sections of annular steel plates. Specifically, it is composed of spliced ​​5cm thick annular steel plates.

[0029] Specifically: The inner and outer surfaces of the sealing bearing layer 3 are provided with steel plate connecting grooves 31; the steel plate connecting grooves 31 are vertical dovetail grooves.

[0030] In this embodiment, the annular steel plate serves as a continuous and closed water barrier, effectively preventing fissure water in the surrounding rock 1 from seeping into the shaft, thus avoiding excessive ore moisture content and even ore runoff accidents. Furthermore, by creating dovetail grooves on the inner and outer surfaces of the steel plate, the contact area between the steel plate and the inner and outer bonding grout is increased. After grouting, the grout embeds in the grooves and solidifies to form shear keys, achieving mechanical interlocking between the steel plate and the surrounding rock 1, effectively eliminating the risk of interlayer slippage. Simultaneously, the 5cm thick steel plate possesses high compressive and impact strength, capable of withstanding the pressure of the surrounding rock 1 and the impact load of the ore, enhancing the overall support strength of the shaft.

[0031] The outer bonding layer 2 is filled with a first high-strength bonding grout between the surrounding rock 1 and the sealing bearing layer 3, and is used to fix the sealing bearing layer 3 to the surrounding rock 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the first high-strength bonding grout is injected under high pressure into the gap between the surrounding rock 1 and the steel plate. Under pressure, the grout fully penetrates the cracks in the surrounding rock 1, filling the irregular gaps between the surrounding rock 1 and the steel plate. After solidification, it firmly bonds the sealing bearing layer 3 to the surrounding rock 1, making the sealing bearing layer 3 uniformly stressed. This effectively blocks the channels for groundwater to seep into the well, forming a double waterproof barrier together with the steel plate, ensuring the long-term stability of the sealing bearing layer 3.

[0033] The precast reinforcement layer is composed of multiple precast concrete rings 5 ​​nested and stacked.

[0034] Specifically: the outer surface of the precast concrete ring 5 is provided with a concrete connecting groove 51, and the concrete connecting grooves 51 of adjacent rings are staggered in the circumferential direction; the concrete connecting groove 51 is a vertical trapezoidal groove.

[0035] Specifically: The precast concrete ring 5 is 50cm high and 30cm thick. Adjacent precast concrete rings 5 ​​are connected by socket or tenon joints, and grouting holes are reserved at the joints. The precast concrete ring 5 is made of C40 concrete.

[0036] In this embodiment, the precast concrete ring 5 serves as the wear layer of the ore pass, directly bearing the impact and abrasion during ore descent. The high-strength concrete ensures excellent impact resistance and wear resistance, effectively protecting the internal steel plate and surrounding rock 1 from direct damage. Simultaneously, the concrete connecting grooves 51 of adjacent rings are staggered in the circumferential direction. After grouting, the grout embeds into the trapezoidal grooves of each ring and solidifies, forming staggered shear keys that lock multiple independent concrete rings into a whole, effectively preventing inter-ring misalignment and inter-layer slippage. The socket or tenon joints allow for quick and precise alignment between rings, and the pre-reserved grouting holes facilitate the smooth injection of the inner bonding layer 4 grout into the gaps between rings and the connecting grooves. All concrete rings are precast in a surface factory, eliminating the need for personnel to enter the shaft for dangerous operations such as formwork erection, reinforcement binding, and pouring, effectively eliminating the safety risks of construction in narrow, deep shafts.

[0037] The inner bonding layer 4 is filled with a second high-strength adhesive grout between the sealing bearing layer 3 and the precast concrete ring 5, and is used to fix the precast reinforcing layer to the sealing bearing layer 3.

[0038] In this embodiment, the second high-strength bonding grout is injected under high pressure after the precast concrete ring 5 is installed. The grout is simultaneously embedded in the steel plate connecting groove 31 inside the sealing bearing layer 3 and the concrete connecting groove 51 outside the precast concrete ring 5. After solidification, it forms a bidirectional shear key, enabling a "biting" mechanical interlocking connection between the precast reinforcing layer and the sealing bearing layer 3, which significantly improves the anti-peeling and anti-slip capabilities. At the same time, the inner bonding layer 4 also provides secondary sealing for defects such as pinholes and incomplete welds that may occur during the steel plate welding process. Together with the outer waterproofing system, it forms a double waterproof guarantee, ensuring that groundwater cannot seep into the wellbore during long-term use.

[0039] See Figure 5-8 The 11 support structures of the inclined slide section include: a precast steel cage 6, a well ring wear-resistant steel plate 7, and a slide support layer.

[0040] The precast steel cage 6 is placed and fixed inside the inclined chute. The well ring wear-resistant steel plate 7 is fixed inside the precast steel cage 6 and serves as a pouring support template. Anchors 71 are welded to the outside of the well ring wear-resistant steel plate 7 for connection and fixation with the precast steel cage 6.

[0041] Specifically: The anchor 71 is an anchor bolt that is welded at intervals to the outside of the wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring.

[0042] Specifically: the precast steel cage 6 is made of 20mm diameter threaded steel bars precast into a cylindrical cage; the wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring has a thickness of 2~5cm.

[0043] In this embodiment, the precast steel cage 6 serves as the skeleton of the support structure for the inclined chute section 11, significantly improving the overall strength and deformation resistance of the support structure. This effectively prevents the inclined chute from collapsing and deforming under ground pressure and ore impact. Furthermore, the precast steel cage on the ground avoids the construction difficulties associated with tying steel bars in steeply inclined roadways. The wear-resistant steel plate 7 is fixed to the inner side of the steel cage and also serves as a permanent formwork and wear-resistant layer. Utilizing the high wear resistance of the steel plate, it directly withstands the friction and impact of ore slippage, significantly extending the service life of the inclined chute and effectively preventing sidewall wear and collapse. The anchor bolts welded to the outer side create a strong mechanical bond between the steel plate and the post-cast steel fiber reinforced concrete 8, ensuring that the steel plate will not detach under long-term impact.

[0044] The chute support layer is steel fiber reinforced concrete 8 poured between the wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring and the surrounding rock 1, and filled with the entire precast steel cage 6, used to support and fix the inclined chute.

[0045] In this embodiment, the steel fiber reinforced concrete 8 possesses excellent crack resistance, impact resistance, and abrasion resistance, effectively withstanding the impact and friction of high-speed ore slids. After the steel fiber reinforced concrete 8 is filled and compacted, it forms a complete load-bearing system together with the precast steel cage 6 and anchor bolts, uniformly transferring the pressure of the surrounding rock 1 to the support structure. This effectively prevents the inclined chute from deforming and collapsing. At the same time, the wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring is used as a formwork that does not need to be removed, enabling one-time pumping and casting. This solves the industry problem of not being able to formwork and cast in inclined chutes with large inclination angles, resulting in high construction efficiency, good forming quality, and significantly improving the structural integrity and long-term stability of the inclined chute.

[0046] See Figure 9 Specifically: the connecting transition structure 9 is set at the intersection of the support structure of the vertical chute section 10 and the support structure of the inclined chute section 11; the connecting transition structure 9 is an irregularly shaped variable diameter connecting steel plate, which forms a funnel-shaped transition steel chamber. The lower edge of the transition steel chamber is fully welded to the sealing bearing layer 3, and the upper edge is fully welded to the wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring, forming a guide channel for a smooth transition from the inclined chute to the vertical chute. After passing through the connecting transition structure 9 and the inclined chute section 11, the ore falls into the ore bin 12.

[0047] In this embodiment, the connecting transition structure 9 effectively prevents ore from directly impacting the step edges at the intersection, significantly reducing impact wear and stress concentration in the connecting area. The lower edge is fully welded to the sealing bearing layer 3, and the upper edge is fully welded to the wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring, connecting the vertical chute section 10 and the inclined chute section 11 into a continuous whole, which can effectively reduce the lateral impact force on the well wall when the ore falls, and reduce the wear and damage of the ore to the chute wall.

[0048] Specifically, the composite support system also includes: a wear repair layer; This wear repair layer serves as a reinforcement measure to address wear during the use of the prefabricated reinforcement layer. The wear condition of the well wall is observed using a 3D laser scanner, and a self-propelled annular jetting robot is used to reinforce the worn areas at specific points.

[0049] In this embodiment, the wear repair layer enables proactive maintenance throughout the entire lifecycle of the ore pass: a 3D laser scanner can periodically perform high-precision scanning of the inner wall of the shaft, quantitatively analyze the magnitude and distribution of wear, and achieve accurate assessment of the wear condition; a self-propelled circular shotcrete robot can autonomously descend into the shaft to perform 360° rotating fixed-point shotcrete reinforcement on areas with excessive wear, without requiring personnel to enter the shaft, eliminating the high risks and costs of manual repair. Through the closed-loop mechanism of "monitoring + repair," the prefabricated reinforcement layer can promptly restore its designed thickness after local wear, effectively extending the overall service life of the ore pass and significantly reducing the comprehensive operating costs incurred by mines due to the abandonment and re-excavation of ore passes.

[0050] Corresponding to the aforementioned application function implementation device embodiments, this application also provides a composite support construction method for chutes and steeply inclined chutes, and corresponding embodiments.

[0051] See Figure 10 A composite support construction method for chutes and steeply inclined chutes includes the following steps: S1. Tunneling and shaping: A vertical chute was constructed using a reverse drilling rig, and a steeply inclined chute was created using medium-deep hole blasting. Dangerous rocks at the intersection were also cleared. S2. Ground prefabrication: Multiple sections of annular steel plates are welded into a sealing bearing layer 3 with steel plate connecting grooves 31 on the inner and outer surfaces. Precast concrete rings are then sequentially fitted inside the sealing bearing layer 3, with the concrete connecting grooves 51 of adjacent rings staggered to form a composite. The wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring is fixed to the inside of the precast steel cage 6 by welding anchors 71. S3. Deployment and installation: The entire assembly was hoisted and lowered into the vertical chute. The precast steel cage 6 and the well ring wear-resistant steel plate 7 are lowered into the inclined chute in sections, the precast steel cage 6 is fixed by anchor bolts, and then spliced ​​together to form the shape; S4. Grouting and Casting: First, inject the first adhesive grout into the outside of the sealing bearing layer 3 to form the outer adhesive layer 2 and embed it into the outer steel plate connecting groove 31; Then, inject a second bonding grout between the inner side of the sealing bearing layer 3 and the precast concrete ring 5 to form an inner bonding layer 4, which is embedded in the inner steel plate connecting groove 31 and the concrete connecting groove 51, and solidifies to form a shear key. Finally, steel fiber reinforced concrete 8 is pumped between the well ring wear-resistant steel plate 7 and the surrounding rock 1, so that the anchor 71 and the reinforcing cage are embedded in the concrete.

[0052] In this embodiment, by adopting an "outer-to-inner" grouting sequence, it is ensured that the first bonding grout forms a continuous and complete water-stop curtain between the surrounding rock 1 and the steel plate, anchoring the surrounding rock 1. Inner grouting is then performed after initial setting, avoiding cross-flow and mixing of inner and outer grouts. The second bonding grout is simultaneously embedded in the inner connecting groove of the steel plate and the connecting groove of the concrete ring. After solidification, it forms a bidirectional shear key, achieving mechanical interlocking between the sealing bearing layer 3 and the precast reinforcing layer. The inclined chute utilizes the wear-resistant steel plate 7 of the well ring as a non-removable template, and steel fiber reinforced concrete 8 is pumped and poured in one go, allowing the anchors 71 and the reinforcing cage to be completely embedded in the concrete, forming an integral load-bearing structure. This results in high construction efficiency and good molding quality.

[0053] Specifically, this composite support construction method also includes: Monitoring and repair: A 3D laser scanner is used to scan regularly. When the wear exceeds the set threshold, a self-propelled circular shotcrete robot is deployed to perform fixed-point shotcrete reinforcement.

[0054] In this embodiment, the wear condition of the ore pass is dynamically tracked and quantitatively assessed through periodic scanning using a 3D laser scanner. When the wear exceeds a set threshold, a self-propelled annular shotcrete robot can accurately locate the worn area and perform 360° rotation and point-to-point shotcrete repair, without requiring personnel to enter the shaft. This step, in conjunction with the wear repair layer in the system structure, ensures that the ore pass maintains structural integrity and functional reliability throughout its service life, significantly extending its service life and reducing the overall operating costs of the mine.

[0055] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects: The vertical chute section 10 of this application adopts a double-layer composite structure. The outer bonding layer 2 and the inner bonding layer 4 are respectively embedded in the connecting grooves on the inner and outer surfaces of the steel plate and the connecting grooves on the surface of the precast concrete ring 5. After solidification, they form a bidirectional shear key, which enables mechanical interlocking between the sealing bearing layer 3, the precast reinforcing layer and the surrounding rock 1. This fundamentally solves the problems of poor interlayer bonding and easy peeling and slippage in traditional support structures, and greatly improves the long-term stability of the support structure under the environment of ore impact and groundwater soaking.

[0056] The inclined slide section 11 of this application adopts a composite structure of precast steel cage 6, well ring wear-resistant steel plate 7 and steel fiber concrete 8. The well ring wear-resistant steel plate 7 also serves as a permanent formwork, avoiding dangerous operations such as personnel entering the steep inclined slide for formwork, reinforcement binding and pouring, realizing safe construction of the inclined slide, solving the industry problem of long-term "bare roadway" operation of the inclined slide, and greatly improving the wear resistance and service life of the inclined slide.

[0057] This application achieves a smooth connection between the vertical chute section 10 and the inclined chute section 11 through the connecting transition structure 9, avoiding severe impact and uneven wear of the ore at the intersection, and ensuring the structural continuity and uniform stress of the entire transportation channel.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relationships such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "include," "contain," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0059] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0060] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A composite support system for chutes and steeply inclined chutes, characterized in that: include: Support structure for vertical chute section (10) and support structure for inclined chute section (11); The vertical chute section (10) support structure includes, from the side of the surrounding rock (1) towards the well, the following layers in sequence: outer bonding layer (2), sealing bearing layer (3), inner bonding layer (4) and prefabricated reinforcing layer; The sealing bearing layer (3) is welded from multiple sections of annular steel plates; The outer bonding layer (2) is filled with a first high-strength bonding grout between the surrounding rock (1) and the sealing bearing layer (3) to fix the sealing bearing layer (3) to the surrounding rock (1); The precast reinforcing layer is composed of multiple precast concrete rings (5) nested and stacked; The inner bonding layer (4) is filled with a second high-strength bonding grout between the sealing bearing layer (3) and the precast concrete ring (5) to fix the precast reinforcing layer and the sealing bearing layer (3); The support structure of the inclined chute section (11) includes: a precast steel cage (6), a well ring wear-resistant steel plate (7) and a chute support layer; the precast steel cage (6) is placed and fixed inside the inclined chute, the well ring wear-resistant steel plate (7) is fixed inside the precast steel cage (6) and serves as a pouring support template, and anchors (71) are welded on the outside of the well ring wear-resistant steel plate (7) for connection and fixation with the precast steel cage (6); The chute support layer is steel fiber concrete (8) poured between the well ring wear-resistant steel plate (7) and the surrounding rock (1), filling the entire precast steel cage (6) for supporting and fixing the inclined chute.

2. The composite support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer surfaces of the sealing bearing layer (3) are provided with steel plate connecting grooves (31). The steel plate connecting groove (31) is a vertical dovetail groove or trapezoidal groove.

3. The composite support system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer surface of the precast concrete ring (5) is provided with a concrete connecting groove (51), and the concrete connecting grooves (51) of two adjacent rings are staggered in the circumferential direction. The concrete connection groove (51) is a vertical trapezoidal groove.

4. The composite support system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The precast concrete ring (5) is 50cm high and 20~30cm thick. Adjacent precast concrete rings (5) are connected by socket or tenon joint, and grouting holes are reserved at the joint.

5. The composite support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor (71) is an anchor bolt that is welded at intervals to the outside of the wear-resistant steel plate (7) of the well ring.

6. The composite support system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The precast steel cage (6) is precast into a cylindrical cage body from threaded steel bars with a diameter of 20mm; The thickness of the wear-resistant steel plate (7) for the well ring is 2~5cm.

7. The composite support system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A connecting transition structure (9) is provided at the intersection of the vertical chute section (10) support structure and the inclined chute section (11) support structure; The connecting transition structure (9) is a shaped variable diameter connecting steel plate. The shaped variable diameter connecting steel plate forms a funnel-shaped transition steel chamber. The lower edge of the transition steel chamber is fully welded to the sealing bearing layer (3), and the upper edge is fully welded to the well ring wear-resistant steel plate (7), forming a guide channel that smoothly transitions from the inclined chute to the vertical chute.

8. The composite support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite support system also includes: a wear repair layer; The wear repair layer serves as a reinforcement measure to compensate for wear during the use of the prefabricated reinforcement layer. The wear condition of the well wall is observed using a three-dimensional laser scanner, and the wear area is reinforced at specific points using a self-propelled annular jetting robot.

9. A composite support construction method for chutes and steeply inclined chutes, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Tunneling and shaping: A vertical chute was constructed using a reverse drilling rig, and a steeply inclined chute was created using medium-deep hole blasting. Dangerous rocks at the intersection were also cleared. S2. Ground prefabrication: Multiple sections of annular steel plates are welded into a sealing bearing layer (3) with steel plate connecting grooves (31) on the inner and outer surfaces. Precast concrete rings are then sequentially fitted inside the sealing bearing layer (3), with the concrete connecting grooves (51) of adjacent rings staggered to form a composite body. The wear-resistant steel plate (7) of the well ring is fixed to the inside of the precast steel cage (6) by welding anchors (71); S3. Deployment and installation: The entire assembly was hoisted and lowered into the vertical chute. The precast steel cage (6) and the well ring wear-resistant steel plate (7) are lowered into the inclined chute in sections, the precast steel cage (6) is fixed by anchor rods, and then spliced ​​together; S4. Grouting and Casting: First, inject the first adhesive grout into the outside of the sealing bearing layer (3) to form an outer adhesive layer (2) and embed it into the outer steel plate connecting groove (31). Then inject a second bonding grout between the inner side of the sealing bearing layer (3) and the precast concrete ring (5) to form an inner bonding layer (4) and embed it into the inner steel plate connecting groove (31) and the concrete connecting groove (51), and solidify to form a shear key; Finally, steel fiber reinforced concrete (8) is pumped between the well ring wear-resistant steel plate (7) and the surrounding rock (1) to embed the anchor (71) and the reinforcing cage into the concrete.

10. The composite support construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The composite support construction method also includes: Monitoring and repair: A 3D laser scanner is used to scan regularly. When the wear exceeds the set threshold, a self-propelled circular shotcrete robot is deployed to perform fixed-point shotcrete reinforcement.

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