A deep well paste filling and other physical multiple line steady conveying method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of deep well paste filling equal physical multiple line steady conveying method, belong to mine filling pipeline conveying technical field, solve the problem that existing technology exists adjusting basis is not unified, many middle section coordination is difficult, the method includes obtaining the field operation state of middle section filling pipeline, whether the middle section filling borehole is full pipe is judged, the equivalent liquid column height in middle section vertical pipeline is calculated, and based on the equivalent liquid column height, the physical multiple line mathematical model is constructed, the actual operation physical multiple line of mining middle section is compared with the critical physical filling multiple line of mining middle section, and adjustment mode is selected according to the interval where deviation coefficient is located;The application proposes the concept of physical multiple line, replaces the vertical pipeline length in geometric multiple line with the equivalent liquid column height in vertical pipeline, constructs physical multiple line mathematical model, to establish the unified conveying index of deep well mine, reduce the harm of pipe blockage, pipe explosion, and improve the stability and safety of slurry conveying.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine filling pipeline transportation technology, specifically relating to a physical doubling steady-state transportation method for deep well paste filling and other similar methods. Background Technology

[0002] As mining production gradually shifts towards deep resource development, compared to shallow and open-pit mining, mines thousands of meters below the surface face the challenges of "high pressure, high humidity, and high temperature" and "high risk of disturbance." Paste backfilling technology, as an efficient and environmentally friendly mining process, can effectively solve the problems of deep-well mining through the utilization of all tailings resources. However, in engineering practice in deep mines, paste slurry is mostly transported downwards along backfilling pipelines using gravity flow. Due to the long transport path, large drop, and complex rheological properties of the paste, the slurry is continuously subjected to the combined effects of gravitational potential energy, frictional resistance, and local resistance during transport, making the flow pattern within the pipeline highly susceptible to change. Taking the southeast orebody of the Chambishi copper mine as an example, for the existing backfilling pipeline network, the large amount of gravitational potential energy generated by the 680m-high primary borehole easily creates extremely high pressure at the bottom of the shaft and turning points, causing problems such as accelerated pipeline wear, pipe bursts, and equipment damage. Simultaneously, local resistance, frictional resistance, and pressure fluctuations can lead to unstable flow velocity, difficulty in maintaining full pipe conditions, and even phenomena such as pipe blockage, incomplete flow, and transport interruption, seriously affecting the safety and stability of the backfilling system. Through years of research and innovation, existing technologies have improved the pipeline transportation process in various ways.

[0003] Resistance-increasing speed-regulating technology mostly involves artificially increasing resistance and reducing speed by setting up diameter reduction sections, throttling sections, and damping components in the filling pipeline. Among them, Chinese patent CN208803869U proposes a resistance-increasing device for downhole paste filling pipelines, including a lower pipeline flange, an upper pipeline flange, a resistance-increasing disc, and a pipeline expansion joint. The lower pipeline flange is fixedly installed to the inner flange of the pipeline expansion joint via the resistance-increasing disc, and flange sealing rings are provided between the contact surfaces of the lower pipeline flange and the resistance-increasing disc, and between the contact surfaces of the resistance-increasing disc and the inner flange of the pipeline expansion joint. One end flange of the outer pipe of the pipeline expansion joint is fixedly installed to the upper pipeline flange. This device does not require changing the pipeline diameter, and the resistance-increasing disc can be freely installed and replaced according to the resistance level, ensuring the stability and safety of paste slurry during pipeline transportation. However, the resistance inside the pipeline is entirely concentrated in the resistance-increasing disc and cannot be precisely adjusted, resulting in high losses and frequent replacement. Chinese patent CN211008741U proposes a speed-reducing and resistance-increasing device for a filling riser, comprising a damper, a generator, a reference flow sensor, a control flow sensor, a generator excitation system, and a filling riser. The damper is connected to the filling riser via a flange, and the damper's shaft extension is connected to the generator. The reference flow sensor is connected to a pipe near the filling pipe inlet, and the control flow sensor is connected to a pipe near the upper part of the damper inlet. The reference flow sensor and the control flow sensor are connected to the generator excitation system via cables, and the generator excitation system is connected to the generator via a cable. However, this device cannot adapt to the complex working conditions of multi-section, multi-line stepped pipe networks due to the complex wiring and high cost of the motor system, making it impossible to achieve comprehensive coverage of downhole engineering.

[0004] Pressure relief and control technology currently mainly involves adjusting pressure through the installation of pressure relief structures, pressure regulating valves, and pressure reducing devices. This method can improve local pipeline pressure to some extent and alleviate the impact of slurry at the bottom of the vertical pipe. However, its control targets are mostly single nodes or local areas, making it difficult to achieve stable pressure balance across different sections. Chinese patent CN106523027B proposes a deep well pipeline pressure relief and filling device and its usage method. This invention, a deep well filling pipeline pressure relief and conveying device, consists of a filling pipeline, a pressure relief box, a one-way valve, a pressure measuring instrument, a conduit, a filling station, a cork pad, and angle steel. Chinese patent CN112628606B proposes a pipeline pressure regulating device and method, relating to the technical field of filling pipelines. This includes a pipeline body, a resistance-increasing pipeline, and a pressure-relief pipeline. By connecting a resistance-increasing pipeline in parallel with the pipeline body, when the slurry exhibits high pressure due to a high drop within the pipeline body, the slurry flows into the resistance-increasing pipeline. The resistance-increasing section reduces the high pressure of the slurry, preventing pipe bursts. While this method alleviates the limitations of the single decompression method in existing technologies, it still only passively adjusts the pressure and cannot support a holistic analysis of the relationship between flow regime changes, gravitational potential energy, frictional resistance, and local resistance in different mid-sections.

[0005] In summary, existing deep well paste filling pipeline transportation technologies share the following common problems: Inconsistent adjustment criteria: Existing technologies mainly rely on resistance increase, pressure relief, and local pressure regulation for control, lacking a unified basis for adjusting the transport status, making it difficult to establish an overall coordinated design for the multi-stage stepped pipeline network of the entire mine.

[0006] Limitations of geometric fill lines: Traditional technologies often use geometric fill lines (the ratio of the total pipeline length to the vertical height difference) as a design reference. However, geometric fill lines only reflect the spatial geometric relationship of the pipeline layout and cannot reflect the pressure state, rheological characteristics and conveying capacity in actual operation. They are not suitable for deep wells with high drops and complex rheological conditions.

[0007] Coordination difficulties across multiple sections: Deep mines typically employ a tiered pipeline network, involving multiple sections and pipelines, with each section exhibiting interconnected yet distinct transport conditions. Existing technologies often target single nodes or localized areas for control, making it difficult to achieve unified coordination of transport conditions across all sections. This results in excessively high pressure in some sections, insufficient full-pipe utilization in others, and poor overall system stability.

[0008] The selection of control methods lacks scientific basis: When it is necessary to increase resistance or reduce pressure, existing technologies rely heavily on engineering experience for judgment, lacking scientific quantitative judgment standards, which can easily lead to over- or under-adjustment, affecting the long-term stable operation of the conveying system.

[0009] To address the above issues, we propose a physical linear steady-state transport method, such as deep well paste filling. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a physical linearization steady-state transportation method for deep well paste filling, etc., which solves the problems of inconsistent adjustment basis, geometric linearization limitations, difficulty in coordinating multiple intermediate sections, and lack of scientific basis for the selection of control methods in existing technologies.

[0011] This invention is implemented as follows: a method for steady-state transport of deep well paste filling and other physical multiplication methods, comprising: S10, confirm that the mine is a deep-well stepped pipeline network, and that gravity flow transportation can be achieved in all mining sections; obtain the on-site operating status of the mid-section filling pipeline, and determine whether the mid-section filling borehole is full; S20. Based on the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipe and the density of the paste slurry, the equivalent liquid column height in the intermediate vertical pipe is calculated using the equivalent liquid column height back-calculation formula. Based on this equivalent liquid column height, a physical multiple line mathematical model is constructed to calculate the physical multiple line and the overall total multiple line of the intermediate mining section. S30. Based on the pipeline layout parameters, rheological parameters of paste slurry, friction loss and local resistance loss in the middle section of the mine, assuming that the middle section of the mine is in a state of full pipeline transportation, the critical physical filling ratio of the middle section of the mine is derived. S40 compares the actual operating physical multiple of the mining section with the critical physical filling multiple of the mining section, and determines whether the section needs adjustment based on the comparison result; for pipe sections where the actual operating physical multiple is less than the critical physical filling multiple, the deviation coefficient is calculated, and the adjustment method is selected according to the range of the deviation coefficient. The adjustment method is either resistance increase adjustment or pressure relief adjustment, so that the physical multiple of the mining section tends to be consistent, and the steady-state transportation of the mining section is completed; S50: After adjustment, re-monitor the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipeline, calculate the updated physical multiple and deviation coefficient, and verify whether the intermediate filling pipeline has reached the steady-state transportation condition; if not, iteratively execute step S40 until the deviation coefficient between the physical multiple of the intermediate filling pipeline and the critical physical filling multiple is within the allowable deviation threshold, and each intermediate section maintains a similar transportation state.

[0012] Preferably, in step S20, when calculating the equivalent liquid column height in the middle section of the vertical pipe using the equivalent liquid column height back-calculation formula, the equivalent liquid column height back-calculation formula is expressed as:

[0013] in, This indicates the equivalent liquid column height within the middle section of the vertical pipe. These represent the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipeline, the density of the paste slurry, and the acceleration due to gravity, respectively.

[0014] Preferably, in step S20, the physical line multiplication mathematical model is expressed as:

[0015] in, These represent the physical multiple, the length of the horizontal section of the pipeline, the length of the vertical section of the pipeline, and the equivalent liquid column height within the vertical section of the pipeline, respectively.

[0016] Preferably, in step S30, when deriving the critical physical filling multiple of the mining section, the calculation formula for the critical physical filling multiple is expressed as:

[0017] in, Indicates the critical physical fill multiple line. These represent the density, gravitational acceleration, and friction loss per unit length of the paste slurry, respectively. The friction loss is calculated using the Bingham rheological model based on the rheological parameters of the paste slurry, pipe diameter, pipe material, and slurry flow velocity.

[0018] Preferably, in step S40, for pipe sections where the actual operating physical fill multiple is less than the critical physical fill multiple, a deviation coefficient is calculated, expressed as:

[0019] in, These represent the deviation coefficient, critical physical filling multiple, and physical multiple, respectively.

[0020] Preferably, in step S40, the rule for determining the adjustment method based on the range in which the deviation coefficient lies is as follows: When the deviation coefficient is less than the lower limit critical value of the first preset interval, the physical fill line approaches the critical physical fill line and no adjustment is required; When the deviation coefficient is within the first preset range, resistance increase adjustment is selected. By increasing the resistance consumption of the paste slurry in the pipeline, the physical multiple line of the mining section approaches the critical physical filling multiple line. The resistance increase adjustment includes one or more combinations of adding a reduced diameter section in the pipeline, adding a U-shaped pipe, partially replacing the horizontal pipe with a small diameter steel pipe, installing a resistance increase plate or damping component. When the deviation coefficient is greater than the upper limit critical value of the first preset interval, and within the preset safe pressure range, pressure relief adjustment is selected to release the excess pressure at the upper end, so that the physical multiple line of the middle section of the mine approaches the critical physical filling multiple line. The pressure relief adjustment includes setting one or more combinations of pressure relief box, pressure regulating valve, pressure reducing device or pressure relief pipeline.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application have the following main advantages: This invention proposes the concept of physical filling lines, establishing a correlation between pressure gauge readings and equivalent liquid column height. The equivalent liquid column height within the vertical pipe replaces the vertical pipe length in the geometric filling lines, constructing a mathematical model for physical filling lines. This establishes a unified transport index for deep-well mines, overcoming the limitation of traditional geometric filling lines failing to reflect actual transport capacity. By comparing the actual operating physical filling line of the mining section with the critical physical filling line of that section, and introducing a deviation coefficient as a quantitative judgment criterion, the invention scientifically selects resistance-increasing or pressure-reducing adjustments based on the range of the deviation coefficient, reducing the blindness caused by relying on experience. Taking the steady-state transport of slurry in the entire mine as a whole, iterative adjustments are used to make the physical filling lines of each section tend to be consistent and maintain similar transport states, achieving overall unification of the stepped filling pipe network. This reduces the hazards of pipe blockage and bursting, and improves the stability and safety of slurry transport. Simultaneously, the adjustment methods are flexible and adaptable to different section conditions, possessing good engineering applicability and scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of a physical linear steady-state transportation method for deep well paste filling, etc., provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order.

[0024] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0025] Existing technologies suffer from inconsistent adjustment criteria, limitations in geometric multiples, difficulties in coordinating multiple intermediate sections, and a lack of scientific basis for selecting control methods. To address these issues, we propose a steady-state transportation method for physical multiples, such as deep well paste filling. In short, the method first obtains the on-site operating status of the intermediate filling pipeline to determine if the intermediate filling borehole is full. Combining the density of the paste slurry, the equivalent liquid column height within the vertical intermediate pipe is calculated using an inverse formula based on the equivalent liquid column height. A mathematical model for physical multiples is then constructed based on this equivalent liquid column height to calculate the physical multiples of the intermediate mining section and the overall total multiple. Then, assuming the intermediate mining section is in a fully full-pipe transportation state, the critical physical filling multiple of the intermediate mining section is derived. The actual operating physical multiple of the intermediate mining section is compared with the critical physical filling multiple, and the comparison result determines whether adjustment is needed for that section. For pipe sections where the actual operating physical multiple is less than the critical physical filling multiple, a deviation coefficient is calculated, and the adjustment method is selected based on the range of the deviation coefficient. This invention proposes the concept of physical filling lines, establishing a correlation between pressure gauge readings and equivalent liquid column height. The equivalent liquid column height within the vertical pipe replaces the vertical pipe length in the geometric filling lines, constructing a mathematical model for physical filling lines. This establishes a unified transport index for deep-well mines, overcoming the limitation of traditional geometric filling lines failing to reflect actual transport capacity. By comparing the actual operating physical filling line of the mining section with the critical physical filling line of that section, and introducing a deviation coefficient as a quantitative judgment criterion, the invention scientifically selects resistance-increasing or pressure-reducing adjustments based on the range of the deviation coefficient, reducing the blindness caused by relying on experience. Taking the steady-state transport of slurry in the entire mine as a whole, iterative adjustments are used to make the physical filling lines of each section tend to be consistent and maintain similar transport states, achieving overall unification of the stepped filling pipe network. This reduces the hazards of pipe blockage and bursting, and improves the stability and safety of slurry transport. Simultaneously, the adjustment methods are flexible and adaptable to different section conditions, possessing good engineering applicability and scalability.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This invention provides a method for steady-state transport using physical methods such as deep well paste filling. Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the implementation process of a deep well paste filling and other physical linear expansion steady-state transport method. Specifically, this method includes: S10, it is determined that the mine adopts a deep-well stepped pipeline network layout, and gravity-flow transportation can be achieved in all sections of the mine. Gravity-flow transportation refers to the transportation method in which the paste slurry relies on its own gravitational potential energy to flow naturally from top to bottom along the filling pipeline without the need for additional pumping equipment. In deep-well mines, due to the significant vertical difference in the vertical pipe sections, the paste slurry obtains sufficient driving head under gravity to overcome friction loss and local resistance loss, and can still maintain a stable flow state. Gravity-flow transportation is the preferred transportation method for deep-well paste filling systems, with advantages such as low energy consumption, simple equipment, and low operating costs. The on-site operating status of the intermediate filling pipeline is obtained to determine whether the intermediate filling borehole is full. This can be determined based on the fullness rate, which refers to the degree to which the paste slurry actually fills the cross-section of the filling pipeline, usually expressed as a percentage. Pipe fill rate is an important indicator for measuring the pipeline's transport status: when the fill rate is 100%, the pipeline is in a fully full transport state, the slurry is in full contact with the pipe wall, the flow velocity is stable, and there is no gas-liquid two-phase flow phenomenon; when the fill rate is less than 100%, there is a gas phase space in the pipeline, the slurry is in a non-full flow state, and problems such as flow velocity fluctuation, pressure pulsation, and even flow interruption and pipe blockage are likely to occur. In this invention, by obtaining the fill rate of the intermediate filling borehole, the actual transport status of the intermediate section can be intuitively judged, providing a preliminary basis for whether subsequent adjustments are needed; In underground mining engineering, a "middle section" refers to a horizontal mining layer divided at a certain height along the vertical direction of the ore body. Deep mines typically employ a multi-middle-section stepped mining method, with each middle section interconnected via shafts, ramps, or boreholes. In this invention, the mining middle section specifically refers to each mining level served by the paste filling pipeline. Each middle section has an independent filling borehole and horizontal conveying pipeline, forming a stepped pipeline network arrangement from top to bottom. The filling pipelines of each middle section are connected to the surface preparation station through vertical pipe sections within a shared shaft, enabling gravity-flow conveying of the paste slurry. The stepped pipeline network arrangement refers to the spatial structure in a deep mine filling system where the filling pipelines are distributed in a stepped manner along the vertical direction of the shaft. Specifically, the main conveying pipeline extending downwards from the surface preparation station extends along the shaft, branching horizontal pipelines at different mining middle section heights, connecting to the filling boreholes of each middle section, forming a vertical-multiple-horizontal pipeline network. The characteristics of this arrangement are: each section shares the same vertical pipe section, but has an independent horizontal conveying section and filling borehole; the conveying status of each section is related to each other but also has its own differences.

[0028] S20. Based on the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipe and the density of the paste slurry, the equivalent liquid column height in the intermediate vertical pipe is calculated using the equivalent liquid column height back-calculation formula. Based on this equivalent liquid column height, a physical multiple line mathematical model is constructed to calculate the physical multiple line and the overall total multiple line of the intermediate mining section. The equivalent liquid column height refers to the vertical height of a liquid column with the same pressure value, calculated from the pressure gauge reading at a certain measuring point in the pipeline according to the principle of hydrostatic pressure. Since the paste slurry is a non-Newtonian fluid with complex rheological characteristics, the actual pressure at each measuring point in the pipeline is affected not only by the gravity of the hydrostatic column but also by flow resistance, local resistance, and velocity changes. By using the equivalent liquid column height inverse formula, the on-site pressure gauge reading is converted into the equivalent liquid column height, eliminating the interference of dynamic factors such as flow velocity and resistance, and truly reflecting the equivalent static pressure state of the paste slurry at that measuring point. In this invention, the equivalent liquid column height in the middle section of the vertical pipeline replaces the vertical pipeline length in the geometric multiple, achieving an essential transformation from geometric parameters to physical parameters. When calculating the equivalent liquid column height in the middle section of the vertical pipeline using the equivalent liquid column height inverse formula, the formula is expressed as:

[0029] in, This indicates the equivalent liquid column height within the middle section of the vertical pipe. These represent the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipeline, the density of the paste slurry, and the acceleration due to gravity, respectively.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, the physical line multiplication mathematical model is expressed as follows:

[0031] in, These represent the physical multiplication line, the length of the horizontal section of the pipeline, the length of the vertical pipe in the middle section, and the equivalent liquid column height within the vertical pipe in the middle section, respectively. The physical multiplication line, a core concept proposed in this invention, is defined as the ratio of the total pipeline length to the equivalent liquid column height within the vertical pipe in the middle section. Unlike the traditional geometric filling multiplication line (the ratio of the total pipeline length to the geometric vertical difference), the physical multiplication line uses the equivalent liquid column height as the denominator, incorporating the actual pressure state within the pipeline into the multiplication line calculation. This allows for a more accurate reflection of the conveying capacity and flow characteristics of the middle section. A larger physical multiplication line indicates a relatively smaller equivalent liquid column height, insufficient residual pressure head in the system, and limited conveying capacity; a smaller physical multiplication line indicates a relatively larger equivalent liquid column height, excessive residual pressure head in the system, which can easily lead to excessively high bottom pressure. By calculating the physical multiplication lines of each middle section and the overall total multiplication line, a unified evaluation index for the conveying status of the entire mine can be established.

[0032] S30, based on the pipeline layout parameters of the mining section, the rheological parameters of the paste slurry, friction loss, and local resistance loss, the pipeline layout parameters include the pipe diameter, pipe material (e.g., seamless steel pipe, wear-resistant steel pipe), horizontal section length L, vertical section length H, number and angle of bends, and other geometric and physical property data of each filling pipe in the mining section. The rheological parameters are the rheological characteristics of the paste slurry. For paste slurries described using the Bingham rheological model, these mainly include yield stress and plastic viscosity. These parameters are obtained through slurry mixing experiments (e.g., rotational viscometer testing) and are the basic inputs for calculating pipeline resistance. Assuming that the mining section is in a fully full pipe transportation state, the critical physical filling multiple of the mining section is derived. The critical physical filling multiple refers to the critical value of the physical multiple derived under the assumption that the section is in a fully full pipe transportation state. When the actual operating physical multiple equals the critical physical filling multiple, the driving head and resistance loss in this section are exactly balanced, and the system is in a critical full-pipe delivery state. When the actual operating physical multiple is greater than the critical physical filling multiple, the driving head is insufficient to overcome the resistance loss, and the system can hardly maintain full-pipe delivery. When the actual operating physical multiple is less than the critical physical filling multiple, the driving head is excessive. Although the system can deliver at full pipe, the bottom pressure is too high, and there is a risk of pipe bursting. In this embodiment of the invention, when deriving the critical physical filling multiple in the middle section of mining, the calculation formula for the critical physical filling multiple is expressed as follows:

[0033] in, Indicates the critical physical fill multiple line. These represent the density, gravitational acceleration, and friction loss per unit length of the paste slurry, respectively. The friction loss is calculated using the Bingham rheological model based on the rheological parameters of the paste slurry, pipe diameter, pipe material, and slurry flow velocity. The derivation of the critical physical fill multiple is based on the principle of energy conservation and the assumption of full-pipe transport. Under fully full-pipe transport conditions, the flow of the paste slurry within the pipe satisfies the following energy balance relationship: the gravitational potential energy (driving head) of the paste slurry in the vertical pipe section is equal to the sum of the friction loss and local resistance loss in both the horizontal and vertical pipe sections.

[0034] S40, compare the actual operating physical multiple of the mining section with the critical physical filling multiple of the mining section, and determine whether the section needs adjustment based on the comparison result; for pipe sections where the actual operating physical multiple is less than the critical physical filling multiple, calculate the deviation coefficient, and select the adjustment method according to the range of the deviation coefficient, which is either resistance increase adjustment or pressure relief adjustment, so that the physical multiple of the mining section tends to be consistent, completing the steady-state transportation of the mining section; in this embodiment of the invention, the deviation coefficient refers to the relative deviation value between the critical physical filling multiple and the actual operating physical multiple, used to quantify the degree of deviation between the actual operating state of the section and the ideal full-pipe transportation state. The larger the deviation coefficient, the smaller the actual operating physical multiple is than the critical physical filling multiple, the more residual pressure head the system has, the more serious the pressure excess problem is, and the more adjustment measures are needed; the smaller the deviation coefficient, the closer the actual operating state is to the critical full-pipe state.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, for pipe sections where the actual operating physical fill multiple is less than the critical physical fill multiple, the deviation coefficient is calculated and expressed as:

[0036] in, These represent the deviation coefficient, critical physical filling multiple, and physical multiple, respectively.

[0037] The rule for determining the adjustment method based on the range in which the deviation coefficient falls is as follows: When the deviation coefficient is less than the lower limit critical value of the first preset interval, the physical fill line approaches the critical physical fill line and no adjustment is required; When the deviation coefficient is within the first preset range, resistance increase adjustment is selected. This increases the resistance consumption of the paste slurry in the pipeline, bringing the physical multiple of the mining section closer to the critical physical filling multiple. Resistance increase adjustment includes one or more combinations of adding a reduced-diameter section in the pipeline, adding a U-shaped pipe, partially replacing the horizontal pipe with a small-diameter steel pipe, and installing a resistance-increasing disc or damping component. Resistance increase adjustment refers to the adjustment method of artificially increasing the resistance consumption of the paste slurry in the pipeline to bring the physical multiple of this section closer to the critical physical filling multiple. When the deviation coefficient is within the first preset range, the system has a moderately excessive residual pressure head. By increasing local resistance or friction resistance, the excess pressure head can be converted into controllable resistance loss without disrupting the overall system balance, achieving pressure equilibrium. Specific methods of resistance increase adjustment include adding a reduced-diameter section in the pipeline, adding a U-shaped pipe, partially replacing the horizontal pipe with a small-diameter steel pipe, and installing a resistance-increasing disc or damping component. These methods have advantages such as low cost, flexible implementation, and no need for additional power equipment.

[0038] When the deviation coefficient exceeds the upper limit of the first preset interval, but remains within the preset safe pressure range, pressure relief adjustment is selected to release excess pressure at the upper end, bringing the physical multiple of the mining section closer to the critical physical filling multiple. Pressure relief adjustment includes one or more combinations of pressure relief boxes, pressure regulating valves, pressure reducing devices, or pressure relief pipelines. Pressure relief adjustment refers to the adjustment method of releasing or diverting excess pressure at the upper end of the pipeline to bring the physical multiple of the middle section closer to the critical physical filling multiple. When the deviation coefficient is less than the lower limit of the first preset interval, the system has a severely excessive residual pressure head. Simply relying on resistance increase adjustment is insufficient to effectively absorb the excess energy, or resistance increase measures may lead to excessive local resistance concentration and increased equipment wear. In this case, pressure relief adjustment is used. By setting up pressure relief boxes, pressure regulating valves, pressure reducing devices, or pressure relief pipelines, some of the paste slurry or pressure energy is diverted and released, fundamentally reducing the system's driving pressure head and achieving safe and controllable pressure.

[0039] S50: After adjustment, re-monitor the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipeline, calculate the updated physical multiple and deviation coefficient, and verify whether the intermediate filling pipeline has reached the steady-state delivery condition. If not, iteratively execute step S40 until the deviation coefficient between the physical multiple of the intermediate filling pipeline and the critical physical filling multiple is within the allowable deviation threshold, and each intermediate section maintains a similar delivery state. It should be noted that in actual operation, the deep well paste filling system is a complex system with multi-variable coupling and dynamic changes, and a single adjustment often cannot reach the ideal steady state in one go. This invention introduces an iterative adjustment mechanism: after each adjustment, re-monitor the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipeline, calculate the updated physical multiple and deviation coefficient, and verify whether the steady-state delivery condition has been reached (i.e., the deviation coefficient is within the allowable deviation threshold, and each intermediate section maintains a similar delivery state). If not, adjust again based on the updated data, thus forming a closed-loop control of monitoring-calculation-adjustment-verification. This iterative mechanism can adaptively respond to dynamic factors such as fluctuations in the rheological parameters of the paste slurry, changes in resistance caused by pipeline wear, and adjustments during the mining phase, ensuring that the system maintains steady-state delivery during long-term operation.

[0040] This invention proposes the concept of physical filling lines, establishing a correlation between pressure gauge readings and equivalent liquid column height. The equivalent liquid column height within the vertical pipe replaces the vertical pipe length in the geometric filling lines, constructing a mathematical model for physical filling lines. This establishes a unified transport index for deep-well mines, overcoming the limitation of traditional geometric filling lines failing to reflect actual transport capacity. By comparing the actual operating physical filling line of the mining section with the critical physical filling line of that section, and introducing a deviation coefficient as a quantitative judgment criterion, the invention scientifically selects resistance-increasing or pressure-reducing adjustments based on the range of the deviation coefficient, reducing the blindness caused by relying on experience. Taking the steady-state transport of slurry in the entire mine as a whole, iterative adjustments are used to make the physical filling lines of each section tend to be consistent and maintain similar transport states, achieving overall unification of the stepped filling pipe network. This reduces the hazards of pipe blockage and bursting, and improves the stability and safety of slurry transport. Simultaneously, the adjustment methods are flexible and adaptable to different section conditions, possessing good engineering applicability and scalability.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This invention provides a method for steady-state transport of deep-well paste slurry using physical doubling techniques. In this embodiment, a mine employs a backfilling mining method. The mine is divided into two mining areas: one at 900m and above (the 680m and 800m mining sections), and another below 900m (the 900m and 980m mining sections). The paste slurry is transported to each mining area by gravity flow. Preliminary tests showed that the tailings density of this mine is 2.732 t / m³. 3 Furthermore, rheological parameters were measured using a Brookfield R / S+ rheometer, and the Bingham rheological model was fitted within a certain shear rate range. Although the mine has established a relatively stable paste filling process, the lack of unified coordination of physical multiplication lines in the initial design resulted in physical multiplication lines in different mining sections being lower than their respective critical physical filling multiplication lines, leading to excessive pressure in the filling pipelines and low full-bore rates in the filling boreholes of each section. Subsequent optimization of steady-state transport in the two mining areas was carried out using a deep-well paste filling and other physical multiplication line steady-state transport method described in this invention. The specific implementation steps are as follows: S10, Determine the mining section and obtain on-site operational status. The mine was determined to be a deep-well stepped pipeline network, with gravity-flow transportation possible in each mining section. The on-site operating status of the filling pipelines in each section was obtained to determine the fill rate of the filling boreholes in each section. On-site testing revealed that the filling boreholes in the four mining sections at 680m, 800m, 900m, and 980m were not fully filled, with low fill rates, requiring steady-state adjustment.

[0043] S20, Calculate the equivalent liquid column height and physical multiple. Pressure gauges were installed on the vertical pipe sections of each intermediate filling pipeline to record the on-site pressure values. The density of the combined paste slurry was ρ = 2.732 t / m³. 3 The equivalent liquid column height in each intermediate vertical pipe section is calculated using a formula derived from the equivalent liquid column height. Based on this equivalent liquid column height, a physical multiplication mathematical model is constructed to calculate the physical multiplication line of each mining intermediate section and the overall total multiplication line.

[0044] Taking one of the mining areas as an example, calculations based on on-site data show that the physical multiples of the mining sections in each mine within the area are between 9.96 and 13.27, all of which can achieve gravity flow transportation.

[0045] S30, Derivation of the Critical Physical Fill Multiplier Based on the pipeline layout parameters, rheological parameters of paste slurry, friction loss and local resistance loss of each mining section, assuming that the section is in a fully full pipeline transportation state, the critical physical filling ratio of each mining section is derived.

[0046] S40, compare the physical fill magnification line with the critical physical fill magnification line and select the adjustment method. The actual operating physical multiple of each mining section was compared with the critical physical filling multiple of that section. Calculations showed that the actual operating physical multiple of each section within the mining area was less than the critical physical filling multiple, indicating excessive residual pressure head at the top, necessitating adjustment measures. Further calculation of the deviation coefficient revealed that the deviation coefficients for each section within the mining area ranged from 5% to 29%. Furthermore, the maximum pressure at the bottom of the vertical pipeline in this mining area was 3.36 MPa, far less than the pipeline pressure design value, indicating that the system possesses a safety margin for resistance adjustment.

[0047] Based on the range of the deviation coefficient: Since the deviation coefficient is within the first preset range (the first preset range is determined based on the mine's operating conditions), a resistance-increasing adjustment method is selected. This method increases the resistance consumption of the paste slurry in the pipeline, bringing the physical multiple of each mining section closer to the critical physical filling multiple. Specific resistance-increasing measures include: adding U-shaped pipes to the horizontal pipe sections of each mining section to increase local resistance loss; and partially replacing some horizontal pipes with small-diameter steel pipes to increase friction loss. By calculating and adjusting the pressure separately for each mining section, the widening of differences in the conditions of each section caused by uniform adjustment is avoided.

[0048] S50, iterative verification of steady-state transport conditions After the resistance adjustment is completed, the pressure gauge readings on each intermediate filling pipeline are re-monitored, the updated physical multiple and deviation coefficient are calculated, and it is verified whether each intermediate filling pipeline has reached the steady-state transportation conditions. Step four is executed iteratively until the deviation coefficient between the physical multiple of each intermediate filling pipeline and the critical physical filling multiple is within the allowable deviation threshold, and the physical multiples of each mining intermediate section tend to be consistent, and each intermediate section maintains a similar transportation state.

[0049] After the above optimization and adjustment, the physical expansion lines of each mining section of the mine have become more consistent, the paste slurry can run safely and stably in the pipeline, the full pipe rate of the filling boreholes in each section has been significantly improved, the balance of pressure distribution has been greatly improved, the safety hazards such as pipe bursts and blockages have been effectively reduced, and the overall uniformity of the steady-state transportation of paste in the entire mine has been achieved.

[0050] In summary, this invention provides a steady-state transportation method for deep well paste filling using physical doubling. It proposes the concept of physical doubling, establishing a correlation between pressure gauge readings and equivalent liquid column height. The equivalent liquid column height within the vertical pipe replaces the vertical pipe length in the geometric doubling, constructing a mathematical model for physical doubling. This establishes a unified transportation index for deep well mines, overcoming the limitation of traditional geometric filling doubling that cannot reflect actual transportation capacity. By comparing the actual operating physical doubling of the mining section with the critical physical filling doubling of that section, and introducing a deviation coefficient as a quantitative judgment criterion, the method scientifically selects resistance-increasing or pressure-reducing adjustments based on the range of the deviation coefficient, reducing the blindness caused by relying on experience. Taking the steady-state paste transportation of the entire mine as a whole, iterative adjustments bring the physical doubling of each section closer to consistency and maintain similar transportation states, achieving overall uniformity of the stepped filling network. This reduces the hazards of pipe blockage and bursts, and improves the stability and safety of slurry transportation. Furthermore, the adjustment methods are flexible and adaptable to different section conditions, possessing good engineering applicability and scalability.

[0051] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add, delete, or otherwise adjust the features of the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict or creative effort, thereby obtaining different technical solutions that do not fundamentally depart from the concept of the present invention. These technical solutions also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for steady-state transport of deep well paste filling and other physical linear expansion methods, characterized in that, The method includes: S10, confirm that the mine is a deep-well stepped pipeline network, and that gravity flow transportation can be achieved in all mining sections; obtain the on-site operating status of the mid-section filling pipeline, and determine whether the mid-section filling borehole is full; S20. Based on the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipe and the density of the paste slurry, the equivalent liquid column height in the intermediate vertical pipe is calculated using the equivalent liquid column height back-calculation formula. Based on this equivalent liquid column height, a physical multiple line mathematical model is constructed to calculate the physical multiple line and the overall total multiple line of the intermediate mining section. S30. Based on the pipeline layout parameters, rheological parameters of paste slurry, friction loss and local resistance loss in the middle section of the mine, assuming that the middle section of the mine is in a state of full pipeline transportation, the critical physical filling ratio of the middle section of the mine is derived. S40 compares the actual operating physical multiple of the mining section with the critical physical filling multiple of the mining section, and determines whether the section needs adjustment based on the comparison result; for pipe sections where the actual operating physical multiple is less than the critical physical filling multiple, the deviation coefficient is calculated, and the adjustment method is selected according to the range of the deviation coefficient. The adjustment method is either resistance increase adjustment or pressure relief adjustment, so that the physical multiple of the mining section tends to be consistent, and the steady-state transportation of the mining section is completed.

2. The deep well paste filling and other physical linear steady-state transportation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S20, when calculating the equivalent liquid column height in the middle section of the vertical pipe using the equivalent liquid column height back-calculation formula, the equivalent liquid column height back-calculation formula is expressed as follows: in, This indicates the equivalent liquid column height within the middle section of the vertical pipe. These represent the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipeline, the density of the paste slurry, and the acceleration due to gravity, respectively.

3. The deep well paste filling and other physical linear steady-state transportation method as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S20, the mathematical model for physical line multiplication is expressed as follows: in, These represent the physical multiple, the length of the horizontal section of the pipeline, the length of the vertical section of the pipeline, and the equivalent liquid column height within the vertical section of the pipeline, respectively.

4. The deep well paste filling and other physical linear steady-state transportation method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S30, when deriving the critical physical filling multiple of the mining middle section, the calculation formula for the critical physical filling multiple is expressed as: in, Indicates the critical physical fill multiple line. These represent the density, gravitational acceleration, and friction loss per unit length of the paste slurry, respectively. The friction loss is calculated using the Bingham rheological model based on the rheological parameters of the paste slurry, pipe diameter, pipe material, and slurry flow velocity.

5. The deep well paste filling and other physical linear steady-state transportation method as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S40, for pipe sections where the actual operating physical fill multiple is less than the critical physical fill multiple, the deviation coefficient is calculated and expressed as: in, These represent the deviation coefficient, critical physical filling multiple, and physical multiple, respectively.

6. The deep well paste filling and other physical linear steady-state transportation method as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S40, the rule for determining the adjustment method based on the range in which the deviation coefficient is located is as follows: When the deviation coefficient is within the first preset range, resistance increase adjustment is selected. By increasing the resistance consumption of the paste slurry in the pipeline, the physical multiple line of the mining section approaches the critical physical filling multiple line. The resistance increase adjustment includes one or more combinations of adding a reduced diameter section in the pipeline, adding a U-shaped pipe, partially replacing the horizontal pipe with a small diameter steel pipe, installing a resistance increase plate or damping component. When the deviation coefficient is greater than the upper limit critical value of the first preset interval, pressure relief adjustment is selected to release the excess pressure at the upper end, so that the physical multiple line of the middle section of the mine approaches the critical physical filling multiple line. The pressure relief adjustment includes setting one or more combinations of pressure relief box, pressure regulating valve, pressure reducing device or pressure relief pipeline.

7. The deep well paste filling and other physical linear steady-state transportation method as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The method further includes: S50: After adjustment, re-monitor the pressure gauge reading on the intermediate filling pipeline, calculate the updated physical multiple and deviation coefficient, and verify whether the intermediate filling pipeline has reached the steady-state transportation conditions; if not, iteratively execute step S40 until the deviation coefficient between the physical multiple of the intermediate filling pipeline and the critical physical filling multiple is within the allowable deviation threshold.

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