A heat pump electricity storage system integrated with liquid cooling waste heat of a data center and a method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of low-grade heat energy utilization, in particular to a heat pump power storage system and method integrated with liquid cooling waste heat of a data center, which comprises a liquid cooling server provided with a working medium inlet and a working medium outlet and used for absorbing heat of the data center server; a compression assembly connected with the liquid cooling server and used for compressing working medium vapor and storing heat energy; and a power generation assembly connected with the compression assembly and used for driving the working medium to generate power. By making the cooling working medium of the liquid cooling server share the same phase-changeable fluid with the compression cycle working medium and the power generation cycle working medium, the intermediate heat exchanger between the cooling liquid, the heat pump working medium and the power generation working medium in the traditional scheme is omitted, and the heat transfer temperature difference loss caused by indirect heat exchange is eliminated; meanwhile, the server waste heat is directly used for expansion power generation in the discharging stage, the whole process utilization of the waste heat in the charging and discharging stages is realized, and the round trip efficiency of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-grade thermal energy utilization technology, and in particular to a heat pump energy storage system and method integrating waste heat from liquid cooling in data centers. Background Technology

[0002] Statistics show that almost all the electrical energy consumed by data center IT equipment is ultimately converted into heat energy, with cooling systems accounting for 30% to 40% of this energy consumption. Liquid cooling technology, due to its high heat dissipation efficiency and ability to precisely match the cooling needs of high heat flux density chips, is gradually becoming mainstream. The waste heat generated by liquid-cooled servers typically reaches temperatures of 50-65°C, representing a relatively high-quality, low-to-medium grade heat source with significant potential for recovery.

[0003] Heat pump energy storage is an emerging large-scale, long-term physical energy storage technology. Its basic principle is to use electricity to drive a heat pump cycle when there is a power surplus or low electricity price, pumping heat energy from the environment or low-grade heat sources to a high-temperature heat storage medium for storage. When there is a power shortage or high electricity price, the stored high-temperature heat energy is used to drive a heat engine cycle to generate electricity, thereby realizing the conversion of electricity into heat and then heat into electricity again. This technology has advantages such as not being limited by geographical conditions, long service life, environmental friendliness, and the ability to integrate waste heat.

[0004] However, current mainstream liquid-cooled waste heat heat pump energy storage technologies typically employ separate coolant, heat pump, and power generation working fluid circuits. Waste heat needs to be transferred to the working fluid of the heat pump or power generation cycle via an additional heat exchanger. This indirect heat exchange method inevitably results in a temperature difference, leading to irreversible heat loss, which is a key factor limiting the improvement of the overall system's round-trip efficiency. Furthermore, most systems only utilize waste heat to provide a low-temperature heat source for the heat pump during the charging phase, while waste heat is not utilized or is underutilized during the discharging phase, failing to maximize the utilization of waste heat resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in the energy conversion process, the waste heat is not utilized or is not fully utilized during the discharge stage, thus failing to maximize the utilization of waste heat resources.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: The present invention proposes a heat pump power storage system integrating waste heat from liquid cooling in data centers, which includes a liquid-cooled server and is provided with a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet for absorbing heat from the data center server; A compression assembly, connected to the liquid-cooled server, is used to compress vapor and store thermal energy; A power generation component, which is connected to the compression component, is used to drive the working fluid to generate electricity; A thermal energy storage component, connecting the compression component and the power generation component, is used to store and release thermal energy; A buffer component, connected to the liquid-cooled server, the compression component, and the power generation component, is used to buffer the working fluid flow. The cooling medium of the liquid-cooled server, the circulating medium of the compression component, and the circulating medium of the power generation component are all the same fluid that can undergo phase change.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system of the present invention: the compression component includes a flash evaporator and a compressor; The flash evaporator is provided with a working fluid inlet, a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet. The working fluid inlet of the flash evaporator is connected to the working fluid outlet of the liquid-cooled server. The compressor is provided with an air intake port and an air exhaust port. The air intake port of the compressor is connected to the gas phase outlet of the flash evaporator. A first shut-off valve is provided between the compressor and the flash evaporator.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system of the present invention: the compression assembly further includes a heat pump condenser, a throttle valve and a gas-liquid separator; The heat pump condenser is provided with a working fluid inlet, a working fluid outlet, a heat storage medium inlet, and a heat storage medium outlet. The working fluid inlet of the heat pump condenser is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor. The throttling valve has an inlet and an outlet, and the inlet of the throttling valve is connected to the working fluid outlet of the heat pump condenser. The gas-liquid separator has an inlet, a gas phase outlet, and a liquid phase outlet. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the outlet of the throttle valve, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the suction port of the compressor.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system of the present invention: the buffer component includes a first storage tank and a first working fluid pump; The first storage tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the first working fluid pump is provided with an inlet and an outlet; The flash evaporator has a liquid phase branch at its liquid phase outlet, which is connected to a second shut-off valve. The second shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank. The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank. The outlet of the first storage tank is equipped with a third shut-off valve, one side of which is connected to the inlet of the first working fluid pump. The outlet of the first working fluid pump is connected to the working fluid inlet of the liquid-cooled server.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system of the present invention: the power generation components include a circulating evaporator, a gas-filled expander, a circulating condenser, a generator, and a third working fluid pump; The circulating evaporator is provided with a working fluid inlet, a working fluid outlet, a heat storage medium inlet, and a heat storage medium outlet; the gas-replenishing expander is provided with a main air inlet, a gas-replenishing inlet, a waste steam outlet, and an output shaft; the circulating condenser is provided with a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet; and the third working fluid pump is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The main air inlet of the gas-replenishing expander is connected to the working fluid outlet of the circulating evaporator, the gas inlet of the gas-replenishing expander is connected to the gas phase outlet of the flash evaporator, a fourth shut-off valve is provided between the gas-replenishing expander and the flash evaporator, the exhaust steam outlet of the gas-replenishing expander is connected to the working fluid inlet of the circulating condenser, and the output shaft of the gas-replenishing expander is connected to the generator.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system of the present invention: the buffer component further includes a second storage tank and a second working fluid pump; The second storage tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the second working fluid pump is provided with an inlet and an outlet; The flash evaporator is also provided with a second liquid phase branch at the liquid phase outlet. The second liquid phase branch is connected to a fifth shut-off valve. The fifth shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the second storage tank. The outlet of the second storage tank is connected to the inlet of the third working fluid pump. The outlet of the third working fluid pump is connected to the working fluid inlet of the circulating evaporator. The working fluid outlet of the circulating condenser is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank. The outlet of the first storage tank is connected to the inlet of the second working fluid pump through a sixth shut-off valve. The outlet of the second working fluid pump is connected to the working fluid inlet of the liquid-cooled server.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system of the present invention: the heat storage component includes a heat storage tank and a cold storage tank; The cold storage tank has an outlet and an inlet, and the heat storage tank has an inlet and an outlet. The outlet of the cold storage tank is connected to the heat storage medium inlet of the heat pump condenser, and the heat storage medium outlet of the heat pump condenser is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system of the present invention: the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the heat storage medium inlet of the circulating evaporator, and the heat storage medium outlet of the circulating evaporator is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the heat pump power storage system for integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat described in this invention: a gas phase branch one and a gas phase branch two are provided at the gas phase outlet of the flash evaporator, and a liquid phase branch one and a liquid phase branch two are provided at the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator. Specifically, the first gas phase branch is connected to the compressor via a first shut-off valve, and the second gas phase branch is connected to the supplementary gas expander via a fourth shut-off valve; the first liquid phase branch is connected to the first storage tank via a second shut-off valve, and the second liquid phase branch is connected to the second storage tank via a fifth shut-off valve.

[0015] This invention proposes a heat pump energy storage method integrating waste heat from liquid cooling in data centers, comprising the following steps: In the data center server charging mode, the first, second, and third shut-off valves are opened, and the fourth, fifth, and sixth shut-off valves are closed. The flash evaporator will separate the heated working fluid in the liquid-cooled server into a gas phase and a liquid phase. The gas phase working fluid enters the compressor through the first shut-off valve, and after being compressed by the compressor, it enters the heat pump condenser. The superheated vapor in the heat pump condenser releases heat to the heat storage medium in the cold storage tank. After being heated, the heat storage medium is stored in the cold storage tank. The working fluid after releasing heat and condensing enters the gas-liquid separator through the throttle valve. The separated gas phase returns to the compressor, and the separated liquid phase merges with the working fluid at the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator and returns to the liquid cooling server. In the data center server discharge mode, the fourth, fifth, and sixth shut-off valves are opened, and the first, second, and third shut-off valves are closed. The heated working fluid discharged from the liquid-cooled server enters the flash evaporator and is separated into gas and liquid phases. The gas phase working fluid enters the gas-filled expander, and the liquid phase working fluid enters the circulating evaporator. The thermal storage tank heats the liquid working fluid in the circulating evaporator into high-pressure steam. The high-pressure steam enters the gas-filled expander and combines with the gas working fluid. The gas working fluid expands in the gas-filled expander and does work to drive the generator to generate electricity. The circulating condenser cools and condenses the working fluid in the gas-filled expander. After condensation, the working fluid in the gas-filled expander becomes condensate and flows back to the liquid-cooled server.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by making the cooling working fluid of the liquid-cooled server share the same phase-change fluid with the compression cycle working fluid and the power generation cycle working fluid, the intermediate heat exchangers between the coolant and the heat pump working fluid, and between the heat pump working fluid and the power generation working fluid in the traditional scheme are eliminated, thus eliminating the heat transfer temperature difference loss caused by indirect heat exchange; at the same time, the waste heat of the server continues to be used directly to participate in expansion power generation during the discharge stage, realizing the full utilization of waste heat in both the charging and discharging stages, thereby improving the round-trip efficiency of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the liquid-cooled server and compression assembly is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the power generation component is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the buffer assembly of the thermal storage component is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0022] The terminology used in this invention is that which is currently widely used in the art in consideration of the function of the invention; however, these terms may vary according to the intent of those skilled in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Furthermore, specific terms may be chosen by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the invention. Therefore, the terms used in this specification should not be construed as simple names, but rather based on their meanings and the overall description of the invention.

[0023] Reference Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides a heat pump energy storage system and method integrating waste heat from liquid cooling in a data center, including: The liquid-cooled server 1 is equipped with a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet for absorbing heat from the data center server. The working fluid that flows inside the liquid-cooled server 1 is a fluid that can undergo phase change. This fluid absorbs the heat generated by the server chip during operation. After absorbing heat, the working fluid's temperature rises and it becomes a saturated liquid that flows out from the working fluid outlet.

[0024] Compression component 2 is connected to liquid-cooled server 1 and is used to compress vapor and store thermal energy. Compression component 2 receives the heated working fluid flowing out of liquid-cooled server 1 and compresses it to further increase the temperature.

[0025] It should be noted that the working fluid in the compression component 2 and the cooling working fluid in the liquid-cooled server 1 are the same fluid.

[0026] The power generation component 3 is connected to the compression component 2 and is used to drive the working fluid to do work and generate electricity. The power generation component 3 uses the heat energy stored in the heat storage component 4 plus the heat continuously provided by the liquid-cooled server 1 to make the working fluid expand and do work to generate electricity.

[0027] The thermal storage component 4, connected to the compression component 2 and the power generation component 3, is used to store and release high-temperature thermal energy. Specifically, when the data center server is charging, the thermal storage component 4 stores the heat energy conducted from the compression component 2; when the data center server is discharging, it transfers the heat energy to the power generation component 3 to generate electricity. The buffer component 5 connects the liquid-cooled server 1, the compression component 2, and the power generation component 3, and is used to buffer the flow of the working fluid. When the system switches between charging and discharging modes, the buffer component 5 will temporarily store the working fluid flowing from various locations, and then send it back to the liquid-cooled server 1 at the required flow rate through the working fluid pump.

[0028] The cooling medium of the liquid-cooled server 1, the circulating medium of the compression component 2, and the circulating medium of the power generation component 3 are all the same fluid that can undergo phase change.

[0029] It should be noted that the cooling medium of the liquid-cooled server 1, the circulating medium of the compression component 2, and the circulating medium of the power generation component 3 are all the coolant in the server, which is R1233zd (E), or R1234ze (Z) or R1336mzz (Z). The heat storage medium in the heat storage component 4 is water.

[0030] In summary, this system eliminates the need for an intermediate heat exchanger in traditional solutions by allowing the cooling working fluid of the liquid-cooled server 1, the circulating working fluid of the compression component 2, and the circulating working fluid of the power generation component 3 to share the same fluid. The waste heat from the server directly participates in the compression heat storage and expansion power generation process with zero temperature difference.

[0031] As an optional embodiment: the connection relationship of each component and the complete flow of the working fluid in both charging and discharging modes are described in detail.

[0032] The compression assembly 2 includes a flash evaporator 21 and a compressor 22; wherein, the flash evaporator 21 is provided with a working fluid inlet, a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, the working fluid inlet of the flash evaporator 21 is connected to the working fluid outlet of the liquid-cooled server 1, the compressor 22 is provided with an air intake port and an air exhaust port, the air intake port of the compressor 22 is connected to the gas phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21, and a first shut-off valve 25 is provided between the compressor 22 and the flash evaporator 21.

[0033] It should be noted that when the data center server is charging, the first shut-off valve 25, the second shut-off valve 26, and the third shut-off valve 27 will be opened, while the fourth shut-off valve 36, the fifth shut-off valve 37, and the sixth shut-off valve 38 will be closed. At this time, only the working fluid can flow out from the working fluid outlet of the liquid-cooled server 1. The working fluid has absorbed the heat of the liquid-cooled server 1 and is in a saturated liquid state. The working fluid will be discharged into the flash evaporator 21. Because the internal space of the flash evaporator 21 is large, the pressure will drop sharply after the working fluid enters the flash evaporator 21. Part of the saturated liquid will be converted into vapor by the flash evaporator and flow out from the gas phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21, while the other part of the liquid that has not been flashed will flow out from the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21.

[0034] The working fluid vapor flowing out of the gas phase outlet of flash evaporator 21 enters compressor 22 through the first shut-off valve 25. Compressor 22 compresses this part of the working fluid vapor. After the working fluid is compressed, its pressure and temperature increase significantly at the same time, turning into high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam. The superheated steam will be discharged from the exhaust port of compressor 22.

[0035] The compression assembly 2 also includes a heat pump condenser 23, a throttle valve 24, and a gas-liquid separator 28. The heat pump condenser 23 has a working fluid inlet, a working fluid outlet, a heat storage medium inlet, and a heat storage medium outlet. The working fluid inlet of the heat pump condenser 23 is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor 22. The throttle valve 24 has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the throttle valve 24 is connected to the working fluid outlet of the heat pump condenser 23. The gas-liquid separator 28 has an inlet, a gas phase outlet, and a liquid phase outlet. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator 28 is connected to the outlet of the throttle valve 24, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 28 is connected to the suction port of the compressor 22.

[0036] It should be noted that the superheated steam discharged from the compressor 22 will be discharged into the heat pump condenser 23. The cold storage tank 42 will supply the heat storage medium water into the heat pump condenser 23. The heat storage medium water will absorb the heat of the superheated steam and flow back into the heat storage tank 41 for storage. The superheated steam after cooling will be cooled into a high-pressure liquid, which will flow out from the working fluid outlet of the heat pump condenser 23.

[0037] The high-pressure liquid passes through the throttle valve 24, which reduces the pressure of the working fluid. After the pressure is reduced, the working fluid becomes a gas-liquid two-phase mixture. At this time, the gas-liquid working fluid enters the gas-liquid separator 28 for secondary separation. The gas working fluid re-participates in the compression cycle, while the liquid working fluid flows out from the liquid phase outlet and merges with the liquid working fluid flowing out from the second shut-off valve 26, and together enters the first storage tank 51 of the buffer device 5.

[0038] The buffer assembly 5 includes a first storage tank 51 and a first working fluid pump 53; wherein, the first storage tank 51 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the first working fluid pump 53 is provided with an inlet and an outlet; the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21 is provided with a liquid phase branch, which is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank 51 through a second shut-off valve 26; the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 28 is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank 51; the outlet of the first storage tank 51 is provided with a third shut-off valve 27, one side of the third shut-off valve 27 is connected to the inlet of the first working fluid pump 53; the outlet of the first working fluid pump 53 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the liquid-cooled server 1; and the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 28 is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank 51.

[0039] It should be noted that after the liquid working fluid flows into the first storage tank 51, the third shut-off valve 27 is opened, so that the first working fluid pump 53 pressurizes the liquid working fluid in the first storage tank 51. The pressurized liquid working fluid is sent back to the liquid-cooled server 1, where it reabsorbs the heat of the server chip, thus completing one complete cycle of the charging circuit.

[0040] The power generation assembly 3 includes a circulating evaporator 31, a gas-replenishing expander 32, a circulating condenser 33, a generator 34, and a third working fluid pump 35. The circulating evaporator 31 has a working fluid inlet, a working fluid outlet, a heat storage medium inlet, and a heat storage medium outlet. The gas-replenishing expander 32 has a main air inlet, a gas-replenishing inlet, a waste steam outlet, and an output shaft. The circulating condenser 33 has a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet. The third working fluid pump 35 has an inlet and an outlet. The main air inlet of the gas-replenishing expander 32 is connected to the working fluid outlet of the circulating evaporator 31. The gas-replenishing inlet of the gas-replenishing expander 32 is connected to the vapor phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21. A fourth shut-off valve 36 is installed between the gas-replenishing expander 32 and the flash evaporator 21. The waste steam outlet of the gas-replenishing expander 32 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the circulating condenser 33. The output shaft of the gas-replenishing expander 32 is connected to the generator 34.

[0041] It should be noted that when the data center server discharges, the first shut-off valve 25, the second shut-off valve 26, and the third shut-off valve 27 are closed, while the fourth shut-off valve 36, the fifth shut-off valve 37, and the sixth shut-off valve 38 are opened. The working fluid also flows out from the working fluid outlet of the liquid-cooled server 1 and is separated into gas and liquid phases by the flash evaporator 21. Unlike the charging mode, the gaseous working fluid directly enters the gas-filled expander 32 through the fourth shut-off valve 36. The working fluid in this branch does not need to go through any intermediate heating process and directly participates in expansion and work.

[0042] The buffer assembly 5 also includes a second storage tank 52 and a second working fluid pump 54; wherein, the second storage tank 52 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the second working fluid pump 54 is provided with an inlet and an outlet; the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21 is also provided with a second liquid phase branch, which is connected to the inlet of the second storage tank 52 through a fifth shut-off valve 37, the outlet of the second storage tank 52 is connected to the inlet of the third working fluid pump 35, and the outlet of the third working fluid pump 35 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the circulating evaporator 31; the working fluid outlet of the circulating condenser 33 is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank 51, the outlet of the first storage tank 51 is connected to the inlet of the second working fluid pump 54 through a sixth shut-off valve 38, and the outlet of the second working fluid pump 54 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the liquid-cooled server 1.

[0043] It should be noted that the liquid working fluid flowing out of the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21 will flow into the second storage tank 52 through the fifth shut-off valve 37 for temporary storage, and will be pressurized by the third working fluid pump 35 and sent into the circulating evaporator 31. In the circulating evaporator 31, the liquid working fluid will absorb the heat released from the heat storage medium water in the heat storage tank 41 and be heated into high-pressure steam. The working fluid from the outlet of the circulating evaporator 31 enters the supplementary gas expander 32 through the main air inlet. At this point, the supplementary gas expander 32 contains two working fluids: one is steam directly supplied from the flash evaporator 21, and the other is high-pressure steam heated by the circulating evaporator 31. The two working fluids expand together in the supplementary gas expander 32, driving the expander to rotate and driving the generator 34 to generate electricity.

[0044] The heat storage component 4 includes a heat storage tank 41 and a cold storage tank 42; wherein, the cold storage tank 42 is provided with an outlet and an inlet, the heat storage tank 41 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the outlet of the cold storage tank 42 is connected to the heat storage medium inlet of the heat pump condenser 23, and the heat storage medium outlet of the heat pump condenser 23 is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank 41.

[0045] It should be noted that the working fluid, after performing work, becomes low-pressure exhaust steam, which is discharged from the exhaust steam outlet of the supplementary gas expander 32 to the circulating condenser 33. In the circulating condenser 33, the working fluid is cooled and condensed into a liquid by the external cooling medium. It flows into the first storage tank 51 for temporary storage, and is then pressurized by the second working fluid pump 54. Subsequently, it is sent back to the liquid-cooled server 1 for circulating heat absorption, thus completing one complete cycle of the discharge circuit. At the same time, the high-temperature heat storage medium water in the heat storage tank 41 releases heat in the circulating evaporator 31, and its temperature decreases before returning to the cold storage tank 42 for storage again.

[0046] During the entire discharge process, the working fluid starts from the liquid-cooled server 1, is separated into two phases by the flash evaporator 21, and the gas phase flows directly to the expander 32, while the liquid phase absorbs heat through the circulating evaporator 31, becomes high-pressure vapor, and then enters the expander 32. The two phases merge to work together to generate electricity, and the exhaust vapor condenses and returns to the liquid-cooled server 1. Each time the working fluid completes one cycle, it converts the received heat energy into electrical energy for output.

[0047] The flash evaporator 21 has a gas phase branch 1 and a gas phase branch 2 at its gas phase outlet, and a liquid phase branch 1 and a liquid phase branch 2 at its liquid phase outlet. Gas phase branch 1 is connected to compressor 22 via first shut-off valve 25, and gas phase branch 2 is connected to supplementary gas expander 32 via fourth shut-off valve 36. Liquid phase branch 1 is connected to first storage tank 51 via second shut-off valve 26, and liquid phase branch 2 is connected to second storage tank 52 via fifth shut-off valve 37.

[0048] It should be noted that the working fluid flow direction at the gas phase outlet and liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21 is controlled by six shut-off valves. The charging and discharging valves operate mutually exclusively to ensure that the working fluid flows along its own path in the two modes without cross-flow.

[0049] This embodiment provides a heat pump energy storage method integrating waste heat from liquid cooling in a data center, including the following steps: In the data center server charging mode, the first shut-off valve 25, the second shut-off valve 26, and the third shut-off valve 27 are opened, and the fourth shut-off valve 36, the fifth shut-off valve 37, and the sixth shut-off valve 38 are closed. The flash evaporator 21 will separate the heated working fluid in the liquid-cooled server 1 into a gas phase and a liquid phase. The gas phase working fluid enters the compressor 22 through the first shut-off valve 25, and after being compressed by the compressor 22, it enters the heat pump condenser 23. The superheated vapor in the heat pump condenser 23 will release heat to the heat storage medium in the cold storage tank 42. After being heated, the heat storage medium is stored in the heat storage tank 41. The working fluid after releasing heat and condensing enters the gas-liquid separator 28 through the throttle valve 24. The separated gas phase returns to the compressor 22, and the separated liquid phase merges with the working fluid at the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator 21 and returns to the liquid-cooled server 1. The charging process essentially involves the same working fluid absorbing heat in the liquid-cooled server 1 and then directly entering the compressor 22 for compression and heating, storing the heat in the heat storage tank 41, and then returning to the liquid-cooled server 1 to continue absorbing heat. In the data center server discharge mode, the fourth shut-off valve 36, the fifth shut-off valve 37, and the sixth shut-off valve 38 are opened, while the first shut-off valve 25, the second shut-off valve 26, and the third shut-off valve 27 are closed. The heated working fluid discharged from the liquid-cooled server 1 enters the flash evaporator 21 and is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase. The gas phase working fluid enters the gas-filled expander 32, while the liquid phase working fluid enters the circulating evaporator 31. The heat storage tank 41 heats the liquid phase working fluid in the circulating evaporator 31, turning it into high-pressure steam. The high-pressure steam enters the gas-filled expander 32 and combines with the gas phase working fluid. The gas phase working fluid expands in the gas-filled expander 32, doing work to drive the generator 34 to generate electricity. The circulating condenser 33 cools and condenses the working fluid in the gas-filled expander 32. After condensation, the working fluid in the gas-filled expander 32 becomes condensate and flows back to the liquid-cooled server 1.

[0050] The essence of the discharge process is that the working fluid is split into two: the vapor goes directly to the expander, and the liquid absorbs heat to form vapor before entering the expander. The two paths merge and work together to generate electricity. After condensing, the liquid returns to the liquid-cooled server 1.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the methods and devices described in detail above are merely embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat pump energy storage system integrating liquid-cooled waste heat from a data center, characterized in that: include, The liquid-cooled server (1) is equipped with a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet for absorbing heat from the data center server; Compression assembly (2), which is connected to the liquid-cooled server (1), is used to compress vapor and store thermal energy; A power generation component (3) is connected to the compression component (2) and is used to drive the working fluid to generate electricity; A thermal energy storage component (4) is connected to the compression component (2) and the power generation component (3) for storing and releasing thermal energy; A buffer component (5) is connected to the liquid-cooled server (1), the compression component (2), and the power generation component (3) to buffer the working fluid flow. The cooling medium of the liquid-cooled server (1), the circulating medium of the compression component (2) and the circulating medium of the power generation component (3) are all the same fluid that can undergo phase change.

2. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression assembly (2) includes a flash evaporator (21) and a compressor (22); The flash evaporator (21) is provided with a working fluid inlet, a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet. The working fluid inlet of the flash evaporator (21) is connected to the working fluid outlet of the liquid-cooled server (1). The compressor (22) is provided with a suction port and a discharge port. The suction port of the compressor (22) is connected to the gas phase outlet of the flash evaporator (21). A first shut-off valve (25) is provided between the compressor (22) and the flash evaporator (21).

3. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compression assembly (2) also includes a heat pump condenser (23), a throttle valve (24), and a gas-liquid separator (28). The heat pump condenser (23) is provided with a working fluid inlet, a working fluid outlet, a heat storage medium inlet, and a heat storage medium outlet. The working fluid inlet of the heat pump condenser (23) is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor (22). The throttle valve (24) has an inlet and an outlet, and the inlet of the throttle valve (24) is connected to the working fluid outlet of the heat pump condenser (23); The gas-liquid separator (28) is provided with an inlet, a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator (28) is connected to the outlet of the throttle valve (24), and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (28) is connected to the suction port of the compressor (22).

4. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The buffer assembly (5) includes a first storage tank (51) and a first working fluid pump (53). The first storage tank (51) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the first working fluid pump (53) is provided with an inlet and an outlet; The flash evaporator (21) has a liquid phase branch at its liquid phase outlet. The liquid phase branch is connected to a second shut-off valve (26). The second shut-off valve (26) is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank (51). The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (28) is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank (51). The outlet of the first storage tank (51) is provided with a third shut-off valve (27). One side of the third shut-off valve (27) is connected to the inlet of the first working fluid pump (53). The outlet of the first working fluid pump (53) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the liquid-cooled server (1).

5. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power generation assembly (3) includes a circulating evaporator (31), a supplementary gas expander (32), a circulating condenser (33), a generator (34), and a third working fluid pump (35). The circulating evaporator (31) is provided with a working fluid inlet, a working fluid outlet, a heat storage medium inlet, and a heat storage medium outlet; the gas-replenishing expander (32) is provided with a main air inlet, a gas-replenishing inlet, a waste steam outlet, and an output shaft; the circulating condenser (33) is provided with a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet; and the third working fluid pump (35) is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The main air inlet of the gas-replenishing expander (32) is connected to the working fluid outlet of the circulating evaporator (31), the gas-replenishing port of the gas-replenishing expander (32) is connected to the gas phase outlet of the flash evaporator (21), a fourth shut-off valve (36) is provided between the gas-replenishing expander (32) and the flash evaporator (21), the exhaust steam outlet of the gas-replenishing expander (32) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the circulating condenser (33), and the output shaft of the gas-replenishing expander (32) is connected to the generator (34).

6. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The buffer assembly (5) also includes a second storage tank (52) and a second working fluid pump (54); The second storage tank (52) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the second working fluid pump (54) is provided with an inlet and an outlet; The flash evaporator (21) is also provided with a second liquid phase branch at its liquid phase outlet. The second liquid phase branch is connected to a fifth shut-off valve (37). The fifth shut-off valve (37) is connected to the inlet of the second storage tank (52). The outlet of the second storage tank (52) is connected to the inlet of the third working fluid pump (35). The outlet of the third working fluid pump (35) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the circulating evaporator (31). The working fluid outlet of the circulating condenser (33) is connected to the inlet of the first storage tank (51), the outlet of the first storage tank (51) is connected to the inlet of the second working fluid pump (54) through the sixth shut-off valve (38), and the outlet of the second working fluid pump (54) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the liquid-cooled server (1).

7. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thermal storage component (4) includes a thermal storage tank (41) and a cold storage tank (42). The cold storage tank (42) is provided with an outlet and an inlet, and the heat storage tank (41) is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The outlet of the cold storage tank (42) is connected to the heat storage medium inlet of the heat pump condenser (23), and the heat storage medium outlet of the heat pump condenser (23) is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank (41).

8. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outlet of the heat storage tank (41) is connected to the heat storage medium inlet of the circulating evaporator (31), and the heat storage medium outlet of the circulating evaporator (31) is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank (42).

9. The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat heat pump energy storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flash evaporator (21) is provided with a gas phase branch one and a gas phase branch two at the gas phase outlet, and the flash evaporator (21) is provided with a liquid phase branch one and a liquid phase branch two at the liquid phase outlet. Among them, the first gas phase branch is connected to the compressor (22) through the first shut-off valve (25), and the second gas phase branch is connected to the gas-filled expander (32) through the fourth shut-off valve (36); the first liquid phase branch is connected to the first storage tank (51) through the second shut-off valve (26), and the second liquid phase branch is connected to the second storage tank (52) through the fifth shut-off valve (37).

10. A heat pump energy storage method integrating waste heat from liquid cooling in a data center, characterized in that: The integrated data center liquid-cooled waste heat heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes the following steps: In the data center server charging mode, the first shut-off valve (25), the second shut-off valve (26), and the third shut-off valve (27) are opened, and the fourth shut-off valve (36), the fifth shut-off valve (37), and the sixth shut-off valve (38) are closed. The flash evaporator (21) will separate the heated working fluid in the liquid-cooled server (1) into a gas phase and a liquid phase. The gas phase working fluid enters the compressor (22) through the first shut-off valve (25), and enters the heat pump condenser (23) after being compressed by the compressor (22). The superheated vapor in the heat pump condenser (23) will release heat to the heat storage medium in the cold storage tank (42). After the heat storage medium is heated, it is stored in the heat storage tank (41). The working fluid after releasing heat and condensing enters the gas-liquid separator (28) through the throttle valve (24). The separated gas phase returns to the compressor (22). The separated liquid phase merges with the working fluid at the liquid phase outlet of the flash evaporator (21) and returns to the liquid cooling server (1). In the data center server discharge mode, the fourth shut-off valve (36), the fifth shut-off valve (37), and the sixth shut-off valve (38) are opened, and the first shut-off valve (25), the second shut-off valve (26), and the third shut-off valve (27) are closed. The heated working fluid discharged from the liquid-cooled server (1) enters the flash evaporator (21) and is separated into gas phase and liquid phase. The gas phase working fluid enters the gas-filled expander (32), and the liquid phase working fluid enters the circulating evaporator (31). The heat storage tank (41) heats the liquid working fluid in the circulating evaporator (31) into high-pressure steam. The high-pressure steam enters the gas-filled expander (32) and combines with the gas working fluid. The gas working fluid expands in the gas-filled expander (32) and does work to drive the generator (34) to generate electricity. The circulating condenser (33) cools and condenses the working fluid in the gas-filled expander (32). The working fluid in the gas-filled expander (32) becomes condensate after condensation and flows back to the liquid-cooled server (1).

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