Hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat cooperative system and method adapting to dynamic load

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen internal combustion engine. A hydrogen internal combustion engine dual-hydrogen storage waste heat collaborative system and method suitable for dynamic load are disclosed. The system comprises a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen buffer tank and a control system. The hydrogen internal combustion engine tail gas pipeline is in series with a heat exchanger and a magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank, and a bypass valve is arranged on the tail gas pipeline. The magnesium-based unit is the main hydrogen supply source, and the room-temperature unit is the auxiliary compensation hydrogen supply source. The two groups of hydrogen storage units are connected to the buffer tank for stable pressure and then unified hydrogen supply. The control method comprises three stages of cold start, collaborative hydrogen supply and dynamic load adjustment. The controller adjusts the opening degrees of the bypass valve and the second control valve according to the load and the buffer tank pressure change. The application combines the high hydrogen storage capacity of magnesium-based materials and the fast response advantage of room-temperature materials, uses tail gas waste heat without additional energy consumption for heating, realizes master-slave collaborative pressure closed-loop control, supports dual-unit synchronous hydrogen supply throughout the whole process, and is suitable for hydrogen internal combustion engine full dynamic load working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen internal combustion engine technology, specifically relating to a dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system and method for hydrogen internal combustion engines adapted to dynamic loads. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen internal combustion engines are one of the important technological pathways to achieving the "dual carbon" goal. However, the safe, efficient storage and stable supply of hydrogen are key bottlenecks restricting its development. Currently, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has safety hazards and low volumetric energy density; liquid hydrogen storage is costly and suffers from significant evaporation losses.

[0003] Solid-state hydrogen storage materials are mainly divided into two categories: high-temperature and room-temperature types. Among them, magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials have a hydrogen storage density of up to 7.6 wt%, low raw material cost, and significant advantages in long driving range. However, these materials require a hydrogen release temperature of over 300°C and have a slow hydrogen release kinetic rate. When used alone, the system has a long cold start time and cannot cope with sudden changes in dynamic load of hydrogen internal combustion engines. Room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage materials (TiMn-based, TiFe-based, LaNi5-based, V-based solid solutions, etc.) can rapidly absorb and release hydrogen at room temperature and have excellent transient response capabilities. However, their hydrogen storage density is relatively low, and when used alone, it will lead to insufficient driving range of hydrogen internal combustion engines.

[0004] In existing technologies, single-type solid-state hydrogen storage devices cannot simultaneously meet the stringent requirements of hydrogen internal combustion engines for both hydrogen storage capacity and transient response speed. If magnesium-based hydrogen storage is used alone, the system starts slowly and cannot cope with drastic changes in the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine; if room-temperature hydrogen storage is used alone, the system has a short driving range. In addition, providing an external heat source for magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials requires additional energy consumption, reducing the overall efficiency of the system.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of hydrogen internal combustion engines, including rapid cold start, long driving range, strong transient response, high waste heat utilization, and stable hydrogen supply under dynamic load. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system and method for hydrogen internal combustion engines that adapts to dynamic loads. It relies on the complementary advantages of magnesium-based and room-temperature hydrogen storage units, utilizes the waste heat of the hydrogen internal combustion engine exhaust to achieve heating without additional energy consumption, dynamically regulates the waste heat delivery through an adjustable exhaust bypass valve, and achieves synchronous hydrogen supply from the dual hydrogen storage units by combining master-slave coordinated pressure closed-loop control, ensuring stable and efficient hydrogen supply to the hydrogen internal combustion engine under all dynamic load conditions such as cold start, steady-state operation, rapid acceleration, and sudden load changes.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On the one hand, the present invention provides a hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system adapted to dynamic load, including a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit, a room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen buffer tank, and a control system. The magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit includes a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and a first control valve, which is installed on the outlet pipe of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. A heat exchanger is arranged in series in the exhaust gas pipeline of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and is used to transfer the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine to the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank to achieve heating and hydrogen release. A bypass valve is provided on the exhaust gas pipeline and is used to regulate the exhaust gas flow rate entering the heat exchanger. The room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit includes a room temperature solid hydrogen storage tank and a second control valve, the second control valve being installed on the outlet pipeline of the room temperature solid hydrogen storage tank. The magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit is the main hydrogen supply source, and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit is an auxiliary compensation hydrogen supply source. The inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected to the outlet of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit and the outlet of the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit through hydrogen pipelines. The outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine through hydrogen pipelines to stabilize the overall hydrogen supply pressure. The control system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a controller; the temperature sensor is installed on the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank to monitor the internal temperature of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank in real time; the pressure sensor is installed on the hydrogen buffer tank to monitor the internal pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank in real time; and the flow sensor is installed on the hydrogen pipeline to monitor the real-time flow rate of hydrogen in the pipeline. The controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, flow sensor, first control valve, second control valve, and bypass valve, respectively. Based on the dynamic load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and the pressure change of the hydrogen buffer tank, the controller adjusts the opening of the bypass valve to change the flow rate of exhaust gas into the heat exchanger, thereby regulating the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit.

[0008] Furthermore, both the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and the room-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank are equipped with a one-way valve for hydrogen addition and a pressure relief valve for controlling the outlet pressure.

[0009] Furthermore, the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank is filled with magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material; the room temperature solid hydrogen storage tank is filled with room temperature type solid hydrogen storage material, wherein the room temperature type solid hydrogen storage material is one or more of TiMn-based, TiFe-based, LaNi5-based, or V-based solid solutions.

[0010] Furthermore, the bypass valve is an electrically adjustable valve. The bypass valve receives the control signal from the controller to continuously adjust its opening degree to change the flow rate of the exhaust gas entering the heat exchanger, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydrogen output from the dual hydrogen storage unit is first fed into the hydrogen buffer tank for pressure stabilization before being uniformly delivered to the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The hydrogen buffer tank is used to offset the fluctuations in the hydrogen supply flow of the dual hydrogen storage unit and ensure the stability of the intake pressure of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention provides a control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat cooperative system based on the above-mentioned adaptive dynamic load, comprising the following steps: Cold start phase: The controller controls the second control valve to be fully open and the first control valve to be closed, and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine alone; the high temperature exhaust gas generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine is passed into the heat exchanger, and the waste heat of the exhaust gas is used to preheat the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. The controller controls the bypass valve to keep it at a small opening to maintain the basic preheating state of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. Collaborative hydrogen supply phase: The controller collects the temperature signal of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and the pressure signal of the hydrogen buffer tank in real time; when the temperature of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank reaches the preset first temperature threshold, the controller opens the first control valve, and the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit is put into operation as the main hydrogen supply source; the controller forms a closed-loop feedback based on the preset pressure range of the hydrogen buffer tank, dynamically adjusts the opening of the second control valve, and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit compensates for the hydrogen supply difference. The two sets of dual hydrogen storage units supply hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine simultaneously, without performing a single hydrogen supply source forced cut-off operation. Dynamic load regulation phase: When the flow sensor detects drastic changes in the dynamic load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and sudden changes in hydrogen demand, the controller performs dual linkage regulation: adjusting the opening of the bypass valve to change the exhaust gas flow into the heat exchanger, adjusting the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank, and actively matching the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit; simultaneously adjusting the opening of the second control valve to replenish or reduce the auxiliary hydrogen supply in real time, so that the pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank is always maintained within the preset range, achieving stable hydrogen supply with waste heat coordination under all operating conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, the first temperature threshold is set to 340℃~360℃, and the preset target pressure range of the hydrogen buffer tank is calibrated according to the rated intake pressure of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0014] Furthermore, under stable and normal load conditions of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the demand for hydrogen is stable. The controller reduces the opening of the second control valve to slightly open or closed. The system mainly uses the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit to supply hydrogen independently. The bypass valve adjusts its opening slightly according to the temperature of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank to maintain stable hydrogen release from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

[0015] Furthermore, when the hydrogen internal combustion engine accelerates rapidly and operates under instantaneous high load, the demand for hydrogen increases sharply, the pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank drops rapidly, and the controller executes synchronously: fully opening the second control valve and increasing the opening of the bypass valve to enhance the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. Both the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit supply hydrogen at full load in coordination.

[0016] Furthermore, when the hydrogen internal combustion engine decelerates or idles, the demand for hydrogen decreases, and the controller simultaneously closes the second control valve and the bypass valve to reduce the overall hydrogen supply.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: I. Balancing High Endurance and Fast Response to Address Industry Pain Points of Single-Mode Hydrogen Storage. This invention employs a dual-hydrogen storage architecture with a parallel configuration of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage units and room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage units. The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage unit is designated as the primary hydrogen supply source, while the room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage unit serves as an auxiliary compensation hydrogen supply source, fully leveraging the advantages of both types of hydrogen storage materials. The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material boasts a high hydrogen storage density of 7.6 wt%, providing ample hydrogen storage for the system and ensuring the long-endurance operation requirements of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material can rapidly release hydrogen at room temperature, exhibiting excellent transient response capabilities, effectively addressing operating conditions requiring rapid hydrogen supply, such as cold starts and sudden high loads. The complementary advantages of these two types of hydrogen storage materials fundamentally solve the industry pain point that a single-mode solid-state hydrogen storage system cannot simultaneously achieve both high hydrogen storage capacity and rapid transient response.

[0018] II. High efficiency in waste heat synergistic utilization, achieving heating without additional energy consumption. This invention arranges a heat exchanger in series in the exhaust pipe of a hydrogen internal combustion engine. The heat exchanger is thermally coupled to a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank, directly utilizing the high-temperature exhaust heat generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine to heat the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank, causing the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to reach its hydrogen release temperature and release hydrogen. This waste heat utilization method eliminates the need for external electric heating devices or additional hydrogen combustion for heating. It relies entirely on the exhaust waste heat generated by the system itself to preheat the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank and continuously maintain its temperature for hydrogen release, achieving deep synergistic utilization of waste heat. Compared to hydrogen supply schemes using external heat sources, this invention significantly improves the overall energy efficiency of the system and reduces operating energy consumption.

[0019] III. Dynamic Control of Waste Heat Transfer for Precise Matching of Load Changes. This invention incorporates a bypass valve on the exhaust gas pipeline. This bypass valve receives control signals from the controller and continuously adjusts its opening, thereby continuously changing the exhaust gas flow rate into the heat exchanger and achieving stepless adjustment of the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage tank. The controller adjusts the bypass valve opening based on the dynamic load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and the pressure changes in the hydrogen buffer tank, thus altering the exhaust gas flow rate into the heat exchanger and consequently controlling the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage unit. Through the dynamic control of the bypass valve, the system can proactively and precisely adjust the heating power and hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank according to the real-time load changes of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, rather than passively responding.

[0020] IV. Master-Slave Coordinated Pressure Closed-Loop Control for Stable Hydrogen Supply Without Oscillation. This invention sets the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage unit as the primary hydrogen source and the room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage unit as the auxiliary compensation hydrogen source. During the coordinated hydrogen supply phase, the controller forms a closed-loop feedback based on the preset pressure range of the hydrogen buffer tank, dynamically adjusting the opening of the second control valve, with the room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage unit compensating for the hydrogen supply difference. Throughout the process, both sets of hydrogen storage units can synchronously supply hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine, eliminating the hydrogen supply interruption and pressure oscillation problems caused by the forced cut-off operation of a single hydrogen source in the traditional segmented switching mode, resulting in a stable and continuous hydrogen supply pressure.

[0021] V. Strong adaptability to dynamic loads under all operating conditions. The control method of this invention divides system operation into three stages: cold start, coordinated hydrogen supply, and dynamic load adjustment. Differentiated control strategies are implemented for different operating conditions. In the cold start stage, hydrogen is rapidly supplied by the room temperature unit while simultaneously preheating the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank using waste heat from the exhaust gas. In the coordinated hydrogen supply stage, the main hydrogen supply is activated after the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank reaches the hydrogen release temperature, and the auxiliary hydrogen supply is dynamically adjusted based on the pressure feedback from the buffer tank. In the dynamic load adjustment stage, through the dual linkage adjustment of the bypass valve and the second control valve, the two hydrogen storage units can be fully loaded and coordinated to supply hydrogen when the load increases sharply, and the hydrogen supply can be reduced synchronously when the load decreases. The entire system is perfectly adaptable to complex dynamic load conditions such as idling, acceleration, deceleration, and sudden load changes in the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0022] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system adapted to dynamic load in this invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a logic flowchart of the system control method in this invention.

[0025] Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Hydrogen internal combustion engine; 2-Magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank; 3-Heat exchanger; 4-Temperature sensor; 5-First control valve; 6-Hydrogen buffer tank; 7-Pressure sensor; 8-Room temperature solid hydrogen storage tank; 9-Second control valve; 10-Hydrogen pipeline; 11-Exhaust gas pipeline; 12-Bypass valve; 13-Flow sensor; 14-Controller; 15-Signal connection line. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0027] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0028] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat co-processing system adapted to dynamic loads, including a hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit, a room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen buffer tank 6, and a control system.

[0030] The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage unit includes a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2 and a first control valve 5. The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2 is filled with commercially modified magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, which has a hydrogen storage density of up to 7.6 wt%, providing sufficient hydrogen storage for the system. The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2 is equipped with a one-way valve for hydrogen refueling and a pressure relief valve for controlling the outlet pressure, ensuring safe hydrogen refueling and stable pipeline pressure. The first control valve 5 is located on the outlet pipeline of the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage tank 2 and is used to control the flow of hydrogen in the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank.

[0031] The exhaust outlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is connected to an exhaust pipe 11. A heat exchanger 3 is arranged in series in the middle section of the exhaust pipe 11. The heat exchanger 3 is in close contact with the outer wall of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2 to achieve heat exchange between the exhaust waste heat and the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank. This is used to transfer the exhaust waste heat of the hydrogen internal combustion engine to the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2 for heating and hydrogen release. A bypass valve 12 is connected in parallel on the exhaust pipe 11. The bypass valve 12 is used to regulate the exhaust gas flow rate entering the heat exchanger 3. In this embodiment, the bypass valve 12 is an electrically adjustable valve. The bypass valve 12 receives the control signal from the controller 14 to continuously adjust its opening, thereby continuously changing the exhaust gas flow rate through the heat exchanger 3 and realizing stepless adjustment of the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2. When the opening of the bypass valve 12 decreases, more high-temperature exhaust gas enters the heat exchanger 3, and the heating power of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank increases; when the opening of the bypass valve 12 increases, more exhaust gas is directly discharged through the bypass valve 12, and the heating power of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank decreases.

[0032] The room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage unit includes a room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 8 and a second control valve 9. The room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 8 is filled with room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material; in this embodiment, a LaNi5 series rare-earth hydrogen storage alloy is selected. This alloy can rapidly absorb and release hydrogen at room temperature, meeting the rapid hydrogen release requirements of hydrogen internal combustion engines under cold start and instantaneous high-load conditions. The room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 8 is also equipped with a one-way valve for hydrogen refueling and a pressure relief valve for controlling the outlet pressure. The second control valve 9 is located on the outlet pipeline of the room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 8 and is used to control the on / off state and flow rate of hydrogen in the tank.

[0033] The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage unit is designated as the primary hydrogen source, while the room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage unit serves as an auxiliary and compensating hydrogen source. The hydrogen pipelines 10 from both storage units converge and connect to the inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 6. The outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 6 is connected to the hydrogen intake of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 via the hydrogen pipeline 10. The hydrogen output from the dual storage units is first pumped into the hydrogen buffer tank 6 for pressure stabilization before being uniformly supplied to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1. The hydrogen buffer tank 6 is used to offset fluctuations in the hydrogen supply flow from the dual storage units, ensuring stable intake pressure for the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0034] The control system includes a temperature sensor 4, a pressure sensor 7, a flow sensor 13, and a controller 14. The temperature sensor 4 is installed on the outer wall of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2 to monitor its internal temperature in real time. The pressure sensor 7 is installed inside the hydrogen buffer tank 6 to monitor its internal pressure in real time. The flow sensor 13 is installed on the main hydrogen pipeline 10 to monitor the real-time flow rate of hydrogen in the pipeline. The temperature sensor 4, pressure sensor 7, and flow sensor 13 are connected to the controller 14 via a signal connection line 15. The controller 14 is also electrically connected to the first control valve 5, the second control valve 9, and the bypass valve 12 to achieve coordinated control of all components. Based on the dynamic load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 and the pressure changes in the hydrogen buffer tank 6, the controller 14 adjusts the opening of the bypass valve 12 to change the flow rate of exhaust gas into the heat exchanger 3, thereby regulating the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2 and ensuring the coordinated operation of waste heat and hydrogen supply under dynamic load.

[0035] Parameter calibration: The start-up hydrogen release temperature threshold (first temperature threshold) of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank is set to 350℃; the preset working pressure range of the hydrogen buffer tank 6 is 0.3MPa~0.5MPa, calibrated according to the rated intake pressure of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0036] Example 2 This embodiment provides a control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat co-processing system adapted to dynamic load, based on the dynamic load-adaptive system in Embodiment 1. The working process mainly follows... Figure 2 The logical flow specifically includes the following three stages: (a) Cold start phase Upon initial ignition of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, the controller 14 receives the start signal and controls the second control valve 9 to fully open and the first control valve 5 to close, allowing the room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage unit to supply hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 independently. The LaNi5-based hydrogen storage alloy in the room-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank 8 can rapidly release hydrogen at room temperature. The hydrogen passes through the second control valve 9 and the hydrogen pipeline 10, flows into the hydrogen buffer tank 6 for pressure stabilization, and is then delivered to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, completing a rapid cold start.

[0037] Meanwhile, the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 burns hydrogen to produce high-temperature exhaust gas, which flows into the heat exchanger 3 along the exhaust gas pipe 11, using the waste heat of the exhaust gas to preheat the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2. At this time, the controller 14 controls the bypass valve 12 to maintain a small opening, with most of the exhaust gas flowing through the heat exchanger 3 to maintain the basic preheating state of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2, and the remaining exhaust gas being directly discharged through the bypass valve 12. During this stage, hydrogen is supplied entirely by the room-temperature solid hydrogen storage unit, solving the problem of slow start-up of magnesium-based materials.

[0038] (II) Collaborative Hydrogen Supply Phase Temperature sensor 4 collects the temperature signal of magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2 in real time, and pressure sensor 7 collects the pressure signal of hydrogen buffer tank 6 in real time. When the temperature of magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2 rises to the preset first temperature threshold (350℃), controller 14 opens the first control valve 5, and the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material in magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2 begins to release hydrogen. The magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit officially starts operation as the main hydrogen source.

[0039] The controller 14 forms a closed-loop feedback based on the preset pressure range (0.3MPa~0.5MPa) of the hydrogen buffer tank 6, and dynamically adjusts the opening of the second control valve 9: if the pressure of the buffer tank is maintained within the target range, it means that the hydrogen supply of the magnesium-based unit can match the current load demand of the internal combustion engine, and the controller 14 adjusts the second control valve 9 to a slightly open state, with the room temperature unit only making a small amount of backup compensation; if the load of the internal combustion engine increases slightly and the pressure of the buffer tank is lower than the lower limit of the preset range (0.3MPa), the controller 14 gradually increases the opening of the second control valve 9 to increase the auxiliary hydrogen supply of the room temperature unit, and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit compensates for the hydrogen supply difference.

[0040] Throughout the process, the first control valve 5 and the second control valve 9 are simultaneously open, and the two sets of dual hydrogen storage units supply hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 in a synchronized manner. The single hydrogen supply source is not forcibly cut off, thus avoiding pressure fluctuations caused by traditional segmented switching, and the hydrogen supply pressure is stable and continuous.

[0041] (III) Dynamic Load Adjustment Stage When the flow sensor 13 detects a drastic change in the dynamic load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 and a sudden change in hydrogen demand, the controller 14 performs dual linkage regulation, specifically including the following three operating conditions: Under high dynamic load conditions: When the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 accelerates rapidly and operates under instantaneous high load, the demand for hydrogen increases sharply. The flow sensor 13 detects a significant increase in hydrogen flow, and the pressure in the hydrogen buffer tank 6 drops rapidly. The controller 14 simultaneously performs two adjustments: first, it fully opens the second control valve 9, allowing the room temperature unit to output hydrogen at full load; second, it increases the opening of the bypass valve 12 to enhance the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank 2, actively matching the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit. Both the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit work together at full load to supply hydrogen, meeting the instantaneous high-flow-rate hydrogen demand.

[0042] Low dynamic load conditions: When the hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is decelerating and idling, the hydrogen demand decreases and the pressure in the buffer tank increases. Controller 14 simultaneously closes the second control valve 9 and the bypass valve 12, reducing the hydrogen supply to the room temperature unit, while also reducing the exhaust gas waste heat exchange flow rate, reducing the heating power of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank, slowing down the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based material, and reducing the overall hydrogen supply to match the low load demand.

[0043] Under stable load conditions: The hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 operates at a stable load, and the hydrogen demand remains stable. Controller 14 reduces the opening of the second control valve 9 to slightly open or close, and the system primarily supplies hydrogen independently via the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage unit. The bypass valve 12 slightly adjusts its opening based on the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage tank to maintain stable hydrogen release from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual hydrogen storage waste heat co-processing system for hydrogen internal combustion engines adapted to dynamic loads, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit, a room-temperature solid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen buffer tank, and a control system. The magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit includes a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and a first control valve, which is installed on the outlet pipe of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. A heat exchanger is arranged in series in the exhaust gas pipeline of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and is used to transfer the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine to the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank to achieve heating and hydrogen release. A bypass valve is provided on the exhaust gas pipeline and is used to regulate the exhaust gas flow rate entering the heat exchanger. The room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit includes a room temperature solid hydrogen storage tank and a second control valve, the second control valve being installed on the outlet pipeline of the room temperature solid hydrogen storage tank. The magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit is the main hydrogen supply source, and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit is an auxiliary compensation hydrogen supply source. The inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected to the outlet of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit and the outlet of the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit through hydrogen pipelines. The outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine through hydrogen pipelines to stabilize the overall hydrogen supply pressure. The control system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a controller; the temperature sensor is installed on the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank to monitor the internal temperature of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank in real time; the pressure sensor is installed on the hydrogen buffer tank to monitor the internal pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank in real time; and the flow sensor is installed on the hydrogen pipeline to monitor the real-time flow rate of hydrogen in the pipeline. The controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, flow sensor, first control valve, second control valve, and bypass valve, respectively. Based on the dynamic load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and the pressure change of the hydrogen buffer tank, the controller adjusts the opening of the bypass valve to change the flow rate of exhaust gas into the heat exchanger, thereby regulating the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit.

2. The hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system adapted to dynamic load as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and the room-temperature solid hydrogen storage tank are equipped with a one-way valve for hydrogen addition and a pressure relief valve for controlling the outlet pressure.

3. The hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system adapted to dynamic load as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank is filled with magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material; the room temperature solid hydrogen storage tank is filled with room temperature solid hydrogen storage material, which is one or more of TiMn-based, TiFe-based, LaNi5-based, or V-based solid solutions.

4. The hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system adapted to dynamic load as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bypass valve is an electrically adjustable valve. The bypass valve receives the control signal from the controller to continuously adjust the opening degree to change the flow rate of the exhaust gas entering the heat exchanger, thereby realizing stepless adjustment of the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank.

5. A control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine dual hydrogen storage waste heat synergy system adapted to dynamic load as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Cold start phase: The controller controls the second control valve to be fully open and the first control valve to be closed, and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine alone; the high temperature exhaust gas generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine is passed into the heat exchanger, and the waste heat of the exhaust gas is used to preheat the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. The controller controls the bypass valve to keep it at a small opening to maintain the basic preheating state of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. Collaborative hydrogen supply phase: The controller collects the temperature signal of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank and the pressure signal of the hydrogen buffer tank in real time; when the temperature of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank reaches the preset first temperature threshold, the controller opens the first control valve, and the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit is put into operation as the main hydrogen supply source; the controller forms a closed-loop feedback based on the preset pressure range of the hydrogen buffer tank, dynamically adjusts the opening of the second control valve, and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit compensates for the hydrogen supply difference. The two sets of dual hydrogen storage units supply hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine simultaneously, without performing a single hydrogen supply source forced cut-off operation. Dynamic load regulation phase: When the flow sensor detects drastic changes in the dynamic load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and sudden changes in hydrogen demand, the controller performs dual linkage regulation: adjusting the opening of the bypass valve to change the exhaust gas flow into the heat exchanger, adjusting the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank, and actively matching the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit; simultaneously adjusting the opening of the second control valve to replenish or reduce the auxiliary hydrogen supply in real time, so that the pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank is always maintained within the preset range, achieving stable hydrogen supply with waste heat coordination under all operating conditions.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first temperature threshold is set to 340℃~360℃, and the preset target pressure range of the hydrogen buffer tank is calibrated according to the rated intake pressure of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

7. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Under stable and normal load conditions of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the demand for hydrogen is stable. The controller reduces the opening of the second control valve to slightly open or close. The system mainly supplies hydrogen independently with magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit. The bypass valve adjusts its opening slightly according to the temperature of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank to maintain stable hydrogen release from the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

8. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the hydrogen internal combustion engine accelerates rapidly and operates under instantaneous high load, the demand for hydrogen increases sharply, the pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank drops rapidly, and the controller executes synchronously: fully opening the second control valve and increasing the opening of the bypass valve to enhance the waste heat heating power of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage tank. Both the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage unit and the room temperature solid hydrogen storage unit supply hydrogen at full load in coordination.

9. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the hydrogen internal combustion engine decelerates or idles, the demand for hydrogen decreases, and the controller simultaneously closes the second control valve and the bypass valve to reduce the overall hydrogen supply.

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