Aidc-oriented multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and cold-heat-electricity collaborative supply system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and cold heat electricity collaborative supply system for AIDC, including five big modules of multi-source waste heat cascade utilization, multi-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration, power supply collaboration, AIDC waste heat recovery and seasonal switching.Multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module carries out three-stage cascade heating to hot network return water, and outputs hot water in three temperature intervals.Multi-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration module includes flue gas / 120 DEG C hot water driven single-effect refrigerator, double-effect refrigerator driven by medium-pressure cylinder extraction steam, and low-grade refrigerator driven by AIDC waste heat / 65 DEG C hot water.In power supply collaboration module, wind power and energy storage are coupled as main green power, and coal-fired unit dynamically supplements base load.AIDC waste heat recovery module drives low-grade refrigerator to refrigerate in summer, and is connected in series with natural cooling after preferentially exchanging heat with hot network return water in winter.Seasonal switching module controls the switching of coal-fired unit between summer and winter mode.The application realizes efficient collaborative supply of electricity, cold and heat for AIDC and seasonal flexible adaptation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of integrated energy systems and artificial intelligence infrastructure technology, specifically to an integrated energy system for artificial intelligence data centers (AIDCs) based on multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated supply of cooling, heating and electricity. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, AIDC (AI Data Center) has become a core carrier of computing infrastructure, and its energy consumption and carbon emissions are becoming increasingly prominent issues. During operation, the high-density integration of server chips in AIDC generates a large heat load, requiring a continuous supply of cooling to ensure the chips operate at normal operating temperatures. Traditional methods often use electric cooling, which is energy-intensive. At the same time, the low-grade waste heat generated by the AIDC equipment itself is usually directly discharged into the environment, resulting in wasted thermal energy.

[0003] Under the strategic backdrop of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, coal-fired combined heat and power (CHP) units, with their stable base load power supply capacity and abundant waste heat resources, have become an important option for coupling with AIDC (Autonomous Air-to-Power) systems. Existing technologies include solutions using high back-pressure condensers and turbocharger condensers for cascaded heating, but these are mostly applied to residential or industrial heating scenarios and do not address the comprehensive cooling, power, and heating needs of AIDC systems.

[0004] Specifically, the existing technology has the following shortcomings: (1) It only considers the cascade utilization on the heat source side and does not match and couple with the multi-grade cooling demand on the user side. The hot water output by the existing cascade heating system is usually used directly for heating, while the lithium bromide absorption chiller of AIDC requires different grades (low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature) of driving heat sources. There is a grade mismatch between the two, which leads to the downgrading of high-grade heat sources and low energy utilization efficiency. (2) It does not integrate the coordination of multiple power sources on the power supply side. The existing AIDC power supply often relies on a single power grid or power source, which makes it difficult to meet the dual requirements of high reliability power supply and green power ratio at the same time. Renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have volatility and intermittency. Direct power supply will affect the stable operation of AIDC; while relying solely on thermal power results in a low green power ratio. (3) It does not recover and utilize the low-grade waste heat generated by AIDC itself. AIDC server chips generate a large amount of low-grade waste heat during operation. In the existing technology, this part of the heat is usually directly discharged into the environment through the cooling system, resulting in energy waste. If it can be recycled and used to drive a low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller, a closed cooling cycle driven by waste heat can be formed, further reducing the energy consumption of electric refrigeration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC (AIDC). The technical objective is to collect and match the waste heat from high back pressure exhaust steam of coal-fired cogeneration units, mixed steam heat from turbine injection, waste heat from boiler flue gas, steam extracted from intermediate pressure cylinders, and low-grade waste heat generated by the AIDC itself in a cascade manner. These waste heat sources drive lithium bromide absorption chillers of different efficiency levels. Simultaneously, wind power, energy storage and thermal power are integrated for coordinated power supply. Through a seasonal switching module, cooling and power are coordinated in summer and heating and power are coordinated in winter. A winter heat dissipation strategy of prioritizing waste heat recovery and supplementing with natural cooling is adopted to achieve coordinated power, cooling and heating supply and efficient seasonal adaptation for AIDC.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and cooling, heating and power coordinated supply system for AIDC includes: a multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module, a multi-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration module, a power supply coordination module, an AIDC waste heat recovery module and a seasonal switching module.

[0007] Multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module: This module uses a coal-fired cogeneration unit as the carrier and adopts a three-stage cascade heating structure with steam ejectors and high back pressure, including: boiler, high-pressure cylinder, medium-pressure cylinder, low-pressure cylinder, generator, steam booster, steam booster condenser, deaerator, air-cooled condenser, high back pressure condenser, heat network heater and related pipelines.

[0008] The boiler outlet connects to the inlets of the high-pressure cylinder and the intermediate-pressure cylinder; the high-pressure cylinder outlet connects to the boiler reheater inlet, and the reheater outlet connects to the intermediate-pressure cylinder inlet; the intermediate-pressure cylinder outlet connects to the inlets of the low-pressure cylinder, the blower, the deaerator, and the heating network heater; the low-pressure cylinder outlet connects to the inlets of the air-cooled condenser, the high-back-pressure condenser, and the blower; the blower outlet connects to the heat source inlet of the blower condenser; the high-back-pressure condenser's heat source inlet receives exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder; and the heating network heater's heat source inlet connects to the intermediate-pressure cylinder exhaust steam.

[0009] The return water pipeline of the heating network is sequentially connected to the water-side inlet of the high back-pressure condenser, the water-side inlet of the turbocharger condenser, and the water-side inlet of the heating network heater, forming a three-stage heating path: First-stage heating: the return water flows through the high back-pressure condenser, absorbing the low-grade waste heat from the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder; second-stage heating: the return water flows through the turbocharger condenser, absorbing the medium-grade waste heat from the turbocharger's ejected mixed steam; third-stage heating: the return water flows through the heating network heater, absorbing the high-grade waste heat from the extraction steam of the intermediate-pressure cylinder. Through these three stages of heating, the temperature of the return water is progressively increased, resulting in hot water output in low, medium, and high temperature ranges for cooling or user heating.

[0010] Multi-Effect Lithium Bromide Absorption Refrigeration Module: This module includes a three-stage lithium bromide absorption chiller. The first stage is a single-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller, whose heat source inlet is connected to the boiler flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline via a pipe, utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas for driving. The second stage is a double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller, whose heat source inlet is connected to the intermediate-pressure cylinder steam extraction pipeline via a pipe, utilizing high-grade steam for driving. The third stage is a low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller, whose heat source inlet is connected to the AIDC waste heat recovery loop via a pipe, utilizing the low-grade waste heat generated by the AIDC itself for driving. The different temperatures of hot water output from the three stages of heating correspond to the heat source grade requirements of the three-stage lithium bromide absorption chiller: hot water in the low-temperature range is connected to the auxiliary preheating interface or natural cooling loop of the third-stage low-grade chiller via a pipe; hot water in the high-temperature range is connected to the supplementary heat source interface of the first-stage single-effect chiller via a pipe.

[0011] Power Supply Coordination Module: This module includes wind power generation units, energy storage units, and coal-fired combined heat and power (CHP) units. The wind power generation units and energy storage units are directly coupled (parallel at the output ends) and connected to the power bus, forming a green power unit primarily based on "wind power-energy storage." The generator output of the coal-fired CHP unit is connected to the same power bus via a transformer, dynamically supplementing the base load power supply to compensate for power shortages. The output end of the power bus connects to the AIDC's load interface. The wind power generation units are equipped with a green power direct-connection switch at their output ends, prioritizing wind power supply to the AIDC. The energy storage unit is used to smooth out fluctuations in wind power output (charging when wind power is excessive and discharging when it is insufficient). The coal-fired unit automatically adjusts its output based on the difference between the "AIDC real-time load and the wind power real-time output" to ensure continuous and stable power supply.

[0012] AIDC Waste Heat Recovery Module: This module includes a waste heat recovery loop connected to the AIDC coolant outlet, with a heat exchanger in the loop. The hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the AIDC coolant outlet, and the hot-side outlet is connected to the AIDC coolant return port. The cold-side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the heat source loop of the low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller, and the cold-side outlet is connected to the input of the seasonal switching module. In summer mode, all the cold-side working fluid is sent to the heat source loop of the low-grade chiller, driving the low-grade chiller in parallel with the low-temperature heating network water. In winter mode: The cold-side working fluid (i.e., AIDC coolant) first exchanges heat with the return water of the heating network, transferring heat to the network for heating, and the coolant cools down. If the coolant temperature is still higher than the server's allowable inlet temperature, the coolant continues to flow through a natural cooling device (dry cooler / cooling tower), using the winter ambient air to further cool it to a set value (e.g., 30°C), and then returns to the AIDC. The return water temperature of the heating network rises after heat exchange and is then sent to the heat users.

[0013] Seasonal Switching Module: This module is a mode switching device for coal-fired cogeneration units, controlling the unit to switch between summer and winter modes based on the season or external ambient temperature. Summer Mode: Part of the extracted steam from the intermediate-pressure cylinder meets the three-stage heating requirements of the heating network heaters, while part of the extracted steam drives a double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller; high and low temperature hot water from the three-stage heating network is used to drive refrigeration, while medium-temperature water is used for heat users; the three-stage chillers work together to meet the AIDC cooling load, and the waste heat recovered by the AIDC waste heat recovery module directly drives a low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller after passing through a heat exchanger.

[0014] Winter Mode: The steam extraction volume of the intermediate-pressure cylinder increases, supplying additional heat to external users in addition to meeting the needs of the heating network heaters; all tertiary hot water is switched to the heating network for heating the AIDC park and surrounding buildings; simultaneously, the AIDC waste heat recovery module prioritizes integrating coolant heat into the heating network via a heat exchanger; when heating demand is saturated or coolant temperature is too high, the natural cooling device is activated to release excess heat to the environment. The lithium bromide absorption chiller is basically shut down (or only on standby at very low load), and the AIDC cooling load is handled by a series process of "waste heat recovery priority, supplemented by natural cooling".

[0015] The seasonal switching module includes a switching valve group installed on the following pipelines: (1) a first switching valve is installed on the steam supply pipeline from the medium-pressure cylinder to the double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller; (2) a second switching valve is installed on the heat source inlet pipeline from the boiler flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline to the single-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller; (3) a third switching valve is installed on the pipeline from the high-temperature hot water (120°C) of the heat network return water after three-stage heating to the supplementary heat source interface of the single-effect chiller; (4) a fourth switching valve is installed on the pipeline from the low-temperature hot water (65°C) to the auxiliary preheating interface of the low-grade chiller. (5) In the AIDC waste heat recovery loop, a fifth switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger to the heat source loop of the low-grade chiller; (6) A sixth switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger to the return water heat exchanger of the heating network; (7) A seventh switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the AIDC coolant to the inlet of the natural cooling device after heat exchange, and an eighth switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the outlet of the natural cooling device to the return port of the AIDC coolant; (8) A ninth switch valve is provided on the pipeline directly bypassing the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger to the return port of the AIDC coolant.

[0016] In summer mode: the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth switching valves are open; the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth switching valves are closed. Steam extraction from the intermediate-pressure cylinder and boiler flue gas drive the double-effect and single-effect chillers respectively. High- and low-temperature hot water after three-stage heating serves as a supplementary heat source for cooling. The AIDC recovers waste heat to drive a low-grade chiller, forming a waste heat-driven closed-loop cooling cycle.

[0017] In winter mode: the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth switching valves are closed; the sixth, seventh, and eighth switching valves are open; and the ninth switching valve is selectively opened or closed based on the coolant temperature after heat exchange (when the coolant temperature drops below the server's allowable inlet temperature, the ninth switching valve opens for bypass, and the seventh and eighth switching valves close; when the coolant temperature is still above the allowable inlet temperature, the ninth switching valve closes, and the seventh and eighth switching valves remain open, with the coolant returning to the AIDC after further cooling by the natural cooling system). The lithium bromide absorption chiller is shut down, and AIDC heat dissipation is handled by a series process that prioritizes waste heat recovery and supplements it with natural cooling.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes a tiered collection and grade matching of multi-source waste heat (exhaust steam, ejector steam, flue gas, and AIDC waste heat) to match the low, medium, and high-temperature hot water output from three-stage heating with low-grade refrigeration, single-effect refrigeration, and heating demands, respectively. This avoids the downgrading of high-grade heat sources, reduces losses in intermediate energy conversion stages, and significantly improves the overall energy efficiency and overall energy utilization efficiency of the refrigeration system.

[0019] This invention adopts a collaborative power supply structure with wind power-energy storage direct coupling as the main green power source and coal-fired power units as dynamic base load supplement. Through a three-layer collaborative mechanism of prioritizing the absorption of wind power through direct green power connection, smoothing fluctuations through energy storage, and supplementing the base load with thermal power, it simultaneously takes into account the requirements of AIDC power supply reliability and absorption of green power.

[0020] This invention utilizes the waste heat of AIDC itself to drive a low-grade chiller in summer to form a closed-loop cooling cycle driven by waste heat, thereby reducing the energy consumption of electric cooling; in winter, it is preferentially connected to the heating network and supplemented by natural cooling to ensure heat dissipation safety, thus realizing the year-round closed-loop utilization of AIDC waste heat and efficient seasonal adaptation.

[0021] This invention achieves seasonal optimization of the coal-fired power unit's operating mode through a seasonal switching module: the summer mode provides high-quality driving steam for on-site cooling, while the winter mode supplies external heating; in winter, a series cooling strategy of "waste heat recovery priority, supplemented by natural cooling" is adopted, directly utilizing atmospheric cold sources to ensure server safety and avoiding lithium bromide cooling energy consumption. This flexible seasonal switching and waste heat priority utilization strategy achieves efficient seasonal matching of electricity, heat, and cooling, further improving the overall energy utilization efficiency throughout the year. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall modules of the system described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the summer operation mode of the system described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the winter operation mode of the system described in this invention.

[0023] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Boiler, 2-High-pressure cylinder, 3-Medium-pressure cylinder, 4-Low-pressure cylinder, 5-Generator, 6-Steam generator, 7-Steam generator condenser, 8-Deaerator, 9-Air-cooled condenser, 10-High back-pressure condenser, 11-Heating network heater, 12-Exhaust equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is described using an AIDC park planned and constructed in a northern region as an application scenario. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0025] See Figure 1 The system of this invention includes a multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module, a multi-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration module, a power supply coordination module, an AIDC waste heat recovery module, and a seasonal switching module. The multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module includes a boiler 1, a high-pressure cylinder 2, a medium-pressure cylinder 3, a low-pressure cylinder 4, a generator 5, a steam turbine 6, a steam turbine condenser 7, a deaerator 8, an air-cooled condenser 9, a high back-pressure condenser 10, a heating network heater 11, exhaust equipment 12, and corresponding working fluid pipelines.

[0026] The steam outlet of boiler 1 is divided into two paths: one directly connects to the inlet of high-pressure cylinder 2, and the other connects to the inlet of intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 (via a bypass or desuperheating and pressure reducing device). The exhaust steam from high-pressure cylinder 2 enters the boiler reheater, and the reheated steam enters intermediate-pressure cylinder 3. The exhaust steam from intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 is divided into three paths: the first path enters low-pressure cylinder 4 to continue working; the second path serves as motive steam entering the nozzle end of turbocharger 6; and the third path serves as high-grade extraction steam (approximately 200°C) entering the heat source side of the heating network heater 11. The exhaust steam from low-pressure cylinder 4 is divided into three paths: one path enters air-cooled condenser 9 for condensation to maintain the unit's back pressure; one path enters the heat source side of high-back-pressure condenser 10 as the first-stage heating heat source; and the other path is drawn in by the ejector end of turbocharger 6, mixed with motive steam, and pressurized. The mixed steam from the outlet of turbocharger 6 enters the heat source side of turbocharger condenser 7 for heat release and condensation, and the condensate is returned to the exhaust equipment 12. The return water from the heating network (initial temperature of about 35°C) first enters the water side of the high back pressure condenser 10, where it absorbs the low-grade waste heat from the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder and its temperature rises to about 65°C. Then it enters the water side of the blower condenser 7, where it absorbs the medium-grade waste heat from the mixed steam at the blower outlet and its temperature rises to about 85°C. Finally, it enters the water side of the heating network heater 11, where it absorbs the high-grade waste heat from the extraction steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder and its temperature rises to about 120°C. The heating network supply water after three stages of heating is then sent to heat users or used to drive refrigeration.

[0027] The multi-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller module comprises a first-stage single-effect chiller, a second-stage double-effect chiller, and a third-stage low-grade chiller. The heat source inlet of the single-effect chiller is connected via a pipe to the flue gas outlet of boiler 1 and a high-temperature hot water pipe, utilizing waste heat from flue gas at 150-90℃ or 120℃ hot water from the heating network, with a COP of 0.8, and employing a lithium bromide-water working fluid pair. The heat source inlet of the double-effect chiller is connected via a pipe to the extraction steam pipe of the intermediate-pressure cylinder 3, utilizing high-grade steam at approximately 200℃, with a COP of 1.2. The low-grade chiller utilizes 40-60℃ low-grade waste heat recovered from the AIDC or 65℃ low-temperature hot water from the heating network, with a COP of 0.4, and employs an absorption chiller cycle structure suitable for low-temperature heat sources. The cooling output of the three-stage chiller units is collected via pipes and connected to the AIDC's cooling system (such as a chilled water circulation loop) to provide cooling medium for the server chips.

[0028] In the power supply coordination module, the output of the wind power generation unit is connected to the power bus via an inverter, transformer, and green electricity direct connection switch. The green electricity direct connection switch is closed first, directly supplying wind power to the AIDC. Energy storage devices (such as lithium-ion battery energy storage systems) are connected in parallel to the power bus via a bidirectional converter. This allows for rapid charging and discharging to suppress power fluctuations during wind power output fluctuations, while simultaneously charging to absorb green electricity when wind power is surplus and discharging to supplement power when wind power is insufficient. The generator 5 of the coal-fired cogeneration unit is connected to the power bus via a step-up transformer, serving as the base load power source. Its output is dynamically adjusted based on real-time wind power output and real-time AIDC load: when wind power output exceeds the AIDC load, the coal-fired unit reduces its output, and excess power is fed into the grid; when wind power output is less than the AIDC load, the coal-fired unit increases its output to make up the difference. The power bus is connected to the AIDC load interface via a grid access device, providing a stable, green, and reliable power supply to the AIDC.

[0029] AIDC Waste Heat Recovery Module: This module includes a waste heat recovery loop connected to the AIDC coolant outlet, with a heat exchanger in the loop. The hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the AIDC coolant outlet, and the hot-side outlet is connected to the AIDC coolant return port; the cold-side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the heat source loop of the low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller, and the cold-side outlet is connected to the input of the seasonal switching module. In summer mode, all cold-side working fluid is sent to the low-grade chiller heat source loop. In winter mode: The cold-side working fluid (i.e., AIDC coolant) first exchanges heat with the return water of the heating network, transferring heat to the network for heating, while the coolant cools down; if the coolant temperature is still higher than the server's allowable inlet temperature, the coolant continues to flow through a natural cooling device (dry cooler / cooling tower) to further cool down to a set value (e.g., 30°C) using the winter ambient air, and then returns to the AIDC. The returned water temperature of the network rises after heat exchange and is then sent to the heat users.

[0030] Seasonal Switching Module: This module is a mode switching device for coal-fired cogeneration units, controlling the unit to switch between summer and winter modes based on the season or external ambient temperature. Summer Mode: Part of the extracted steam from the intermediate-pressure cylinder meets the three-stage heating requirements of the heating network heaters, while part of the extracted steam drives a double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller; high and low temperature hot water from the three-stage heating network is used to drive refrigeration, while medium-temperature water is used for heat users; the three-stage chillers work together to meet the AIDC cooling load, and the waste heat recovered by the AIDC waste heat recovery module directly drives a low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller after passing through a heat exchanger.

[0031] Winter Mode: The steam extraction volume of the intermediate-pressure cylinder increases, supplying additional heat to external users in addition to meeting the needs of the heating network heaters; all tertiary hot water is switched to the heating network for heating the AIDC park and surrounding buildings; simultaneously, the AIDC waste heat recovery module prioritizes integrating coolant heat into the heating network via a heat exchanger; when heating demand is saturated or coolant temperature is too high, the natural cooling device is activated to release excess heat to the environment. The lithium bromide absorption chiller is basically shut down (or only on standby at very low load), and the AIDC cooling load is handled by a series process of "waste heat recovery priority, supplemented by natural cooling".

[0032] Under typical summer operating conditions (see...) Figure 2 During periods of high summer cooling demand, wind power on the power supply side prioritizes supplying the AIDC (AIDC), energy storage smooths out wind power fluctuations, and coal-fired units supplement the base load to jointly meet the AIDC's electrical load. On the cooling side, waste heat from boiler flue gas drives a single-effect chiller (COP 0.8), and steam extraction from the intermediate-pressure cylinder drives a double-effect chiller (COP 1.2), both bearing the main cooling load of the AIDC. Simultaneously, waste heat from the AIDC coolant (approximately 45°C) is recovered through a heat exchanger and sent to a low-grade chiller (COP 0.4) via a seasonal switching device to drive cooling. The resulting cooling capacity is returned to the AIDC cooling system, forming a closed-loop cooling cycle driven by waste heat. On the heating side, the return water from the heating network is heated in three stages: 65°C hot water assists the low-grade chiller in preheating, 85°C hot water is supplied to heat users, and 120°C hot water serves as a backup heat source for the single-effect chiller. The three-stage cooling system operates in coordination, with natural cooling shut down to meet all the cooling load requirements of the AIDC.

[0033] Under typical winter operating conditions (see...) Figure 3The lithium bromide chillers are largely shut down. On the power supply side, coal-fired units operate on a heat-to-power basis, while wind power-storage units continue to operate with priority power supply to meet the AIDC's electrical load. On the heating side, the return water from the heating network, after three stages of cascade heating, is switched entirely to the heating network for direct heating of the AIDC park and surrounding buildings. The AIDC coolant (approximately 45°C) first enters a heat exchanger to exchange heat with the return water from the heating network (approximately 40-50°C), lowering the coolant temperature to 35-40°C, while the return water is heated to 50-60°C for heating. If the coolant temperature after heat exchange is still higher than the server inlet upper limit (e.g., 35°C), it continues to flow through a natural cooling device (dry cooler / cooling tower) to further cool to 30°C using winter ambient air (which can be as low as -10°C), before returning to the AIDC. If the requirements are met, the natural cooling device is bypassed.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes a tiered collection and grade matching of multi-source waste heat (exhaust steam, ejector steam, flue gas, and AIDC waste heat) to match the low, medium, and high-temperature hot water output from three-stage heating with low-grade refrigeration, single-effect refrigeration, and heating demands, respectively. This avoids the downgrading of high-grade heat sources, reduces losses in intermediate energy conversion stages, and significantly improves the overall energy efficiency and overall energy utilization efficiency of the refrigeration system.

[0035] This invention adopts a collaborative power supply structure with wind power-energy storage direct coupling as the main green power source and coal-fired power units as dynamic base load supplement. Through a three-layer collaborative mechanism of prioritizing the absorption of wind power through direct green power connection, smoothing fluctuations through energy storage, and supplementing the base load with thermal power, it simultaneously takes into account the requirements of AIDC power supply reliability and absorption of green power.

[0036] This invention utilizes the waste heat of AIDC itself to drive a low-grade chiller in summer to form a closed-loop cooling cycle driven by waste heat, thereby reducing the energy consumption of electric cooling; in winter, it is preferentially connected to the heating network and supplemented by natural cooling to ensure heat dissipation safety, thus realizing the year-round closed-loop utilization of AIDC waste heat and efficient seasonal adaptation.

[0037] This invention achieves seasonal optimization of the coal-fired power unit's operating mode through a seasonal switching module: the summer mode provides high-quality driving steam for on-site cooling, while the winter mode supplies external heating; in winter, a series cooling strategy of "waste heat recovery priority, supplemented by natural cooling" is adopted, directly utilizing atmospheric cold sources to ensure server safety and avoiding lithium bromide cooling energy consumption. This flexible seasonal switching and waste heat priority utilization strategy achieves efficient seasonal matching of electricity, heat, and cooling, further improving the overall energy utilization efficiency throughout the year.

Claims

1. A multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC, characterized in that, include: Multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module, multi-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration module, power supply coordination module, AIDC waste heat recovery module, and seasonal switching module; Multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module: Taking a coal-fired cogeneration unit as the carrier, it adopts a three-stage cascade heating structure with steam ejector and high back pressure, including: boiler, high-pressure cylinder, medium-pressure cylinder, low-pressure cylinder, generator, steam booster, steam booster condenser, deaerator, air-cooled condenser, high back pressure condenser and heat network heater. The multi-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller module includes a three-stage lithium bromide absorption chiller. The first stage is a single-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller, whose heat source inlet is connected to a boiler flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline via a pipe, utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas for operation. The second stage is a double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller, whose heat source inlet is connected to a medium-pressure cylinder extraction steam pipeline via a pipe, utilizing high-grade steam for operation. The third stage is a low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller, whose heat source inlet is connected to an AIDC waste heat recovery loop via a pipe, utilizing the low-grade waste heat generated by the AIDC itself for operation. The different temperatures of the hot water output from the three stages correspond to the heat source grade requirements of the three-stage lithium bromide absorption chiller: hot water in the low-temperature range is connected to the auxiliary preheating interface or natural cooling loop of the third-stage low-grade chiller via a pipe; hot water in the high-temperature range is connected to the supplementary heat source interface of the first-stage single-effect chiller via a pipe. Power supply coordination module: includes wind power generation unit, electric energy storage unit, and coal-fired cogeneration unit; the wind power generation unit and the electric energy storage unit are directly coupled and connected to the power bus to form a green power unit; the generator output of the coal-fired cogeneration unit is connected to the same power bus through a transformer to dynamically supplement the difference in power as a base load power source; the output of the power bus is connected to the load interface of AIDC; the output of the wind power generation unit is equipped with a green power direct connection switch to prioritize the supply of wind power to AIDC; the electric energy storage unit is used to smooth the fluctuation of wind power output; the coal-fired unit automatically adjusts its output according to the difference between "AIDC real-time load and wind power real-time output" to ensure continuous and stable power supply; AIDC waste heat recovery module: includes a waste heat recovery loop connected to the AIDC coolant outlet, and a heat exchanger is provided in the loop; the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the AIDC coolant outlet, and the hot side outlet is connected to the AIDC coolant return port; the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the heat source loop of the low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller, and the cold side outlet is connected to the input end of the seasonal switching module. Seasonal switching module: This is a device for switching the operating mode of a coal-fired combined heat and power unit, which controls the unit to switch between summer and winter modes according to the season or the external ambient temperature.

2. The multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module, the boiler outlet is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder and the intermediate-pressure cylinder; the high-pressure cylinder outlet is connected to the boiler reheater inlet, and the reheater outlet is connected to the intermediate-pressure cylinder inlet; the intermediate-pressure cylinder outlet is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder, the steam turbine, the deaerator, and the heating network heater; the low-pressure cylinder outlet is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled condenser, the high-back-pressure condenser, and the steam turbine; the steam turbine outlet is connected to the heat source inlet of the steam turbine condenser; the high-back-pressure condenser heat source inlet receives exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder; and the heating network heater heat source inlet is connected to the intermediate-pressure cylinder exhaust steam. The return water pipeline of the heating network is sequentially connected to the water-side inlet of the high back-pressure condenser, the water-side inlet of the turbine condenser, and the water-side inlet of the heating network heater, forming a three-stage heating path: the first stage of heating involves the return water flowing through the high back-pressure condenser to absorb the low-grade waste heat from the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder; the second stage of heating involves the return water flowing through the turbine condenser to absorb the medium-grade waste heat from the turbine's ejected mixed steam; and the third stage of heating involves the return water flowing through the heating network heater to absorb the high-grade waste heat from the extraction steam of the medium-pressure cylinder. Through these three stages of heating, the temperature of the return water gradually increases, resulting in hot water output in low, medium, and high temperature ranges for cooling or user heating.

3. A multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In the multi-source waste heat cascade utilization module, the boiler's steam outlet is divided into two paths: one directly connects to the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder, and the other connects to the inlet of the intermediate-pressure cylinder. The exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder enters the boiler reheater, and the reheated steam enters the intermediate-pressure cylinder. The exhaust steam from the intermediate-pressure cylinder is divided into three paths: the first path enters the low-pressure cylinder to continue working; the second path serves as motive steam entering the nozzle end of the booster; and the third path serves as high-grade extraction steam entering the heat source side of the heating network heater. The exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder is divided into three paths: one path enters the air-cooled condenser for condensation to maintain the unit's back pressure; one path enters the heat source side of the high-back-pressure condenser as the first-stage heating heat source; and one path is used by the booster. The steam is drawn in from the turbine's ejector end, mixed with motive steam, and pressurized. The mixed steam from the turbine's outlet enters the heat source side of the turbine condenser, where it releases heat and condenses. The condensate is then returned to the exhaust equipment. The return water from the heating network first enters the water side of the high back pressure condenser, where it absorbs the low-grade waste heat from the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam, raising its temperature to approximately 65°C. Then, it enters the water side of the turbine condenser, where it absorbs the medium-grade waste heat from the turbine's outlet mixed steam, raising its temperature to approximately 85°C. Finally, it enters the water side of the heating network heater, where it absorbs the high-grade waste heat from the medium-pressure cylinder extraction steam, raising its temperature to approximately 120°C. The heating network water, after three stages of heating, is then delivered to heat users or used to drive refrigeration.

4. A multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the AIDC waste heat recovery module, in summer mode, all the cold-side working fluid is sent to the heat source circuit of the low-grade chiller, which drives the low-grade chiller in parallel with the low-temperature heating network water. In winter mode, the cold-side working fluid first exchanges heat with the return water of the heating network, transferring heat to the network for heating, and the coolant cools down. If the coolant temperature is still higher than the server's allowable inlet temperature, the coolant continues to flow through the natural cooling device, using the winter ambient air to further cool it down to the set value, and then returns to the AIDC. After heat exchange, the temperature of the heating network return water increases and is sent to the heat users.

5. A multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the seasonal switching module Summer mode: Part of the steam extracted from the medium-pressure cylinder meets the three-stage heating requirements of the heating network heater, and part of the extracted steam is used to drive the double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller; high and low temperature hot water in the three-stage heating network is used to drive the refrigeration, and medium temperature water is used for heat users; the three-stage chillers work together to meet the AIDC cooling load, and the waste heat of the coolant recovered by the AIDC waste heat recovery module is directly driven by the low-grade lithium bromide absorption chiller after passing through the heat exchanger. Winter mode: The steam extraction volume of the intermediate-pressure cylinder is increased, which not only meets the needs of the heating network heater, but also provides additional heat to external heat users; all three-stage hot water is switched to the heating network for heating the AIDC park and surrounding buildings; at the same time, the AIDC waste heat recovery module prioritizes the integration of coolant heat into the heating network through the heat exchanger; when the heating demand is saturated or the coolant temperature is too high, the natural cooling device is activated to discharge excess heat to the environment; the lithium bromide absorption chiller is basically shut down, and the AIDC cooling load is borne by the series process of "waste heat recovery priority and natural cooling supplement".

6. A multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC according to claim 5, characterized in that, The seasonal switching module includes a switching valve group installed on the following pipelines: (1) a first switching valve is installed on the steam supply pipeline from the medium-pressure cylinder to the double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller; (2) a second switching valve is installed on the heat source inlet pipeline from the boiler flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline to the single-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller; (3) a third switching valve is installed on the pipeline from the high-temperature hot water of the heat network return water after three-stage heating to the supplementary heat source interface of the single-effect chiller; (4) a fourth switching valve is installed on the pipeline from the low-temperature hot water to the auxiliary preheating interface of the low-grade chiller; (5) AID In the waste heat recovery loop, a fifth switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger to the heat source loop of the low-grade chiller; (6) a sixth switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger to the return water heat exchanger of the heating network; (7) a seventh switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the AIDC coolant to the inlet of the natural cooling device after heat exchange, and an eighth switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the outlet of the natural cooling device to the return port of the AIDC coolant; (8) a ninth switch valve is provided on the pipeline from the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger directly bypassing to the return port of the AIDC coolant.

7. A multi-source waste heat cascade utilization and coordinated cooling, heating and power supply system for AIDC as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In summer mode: the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth switch valves are open; the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth switch valves are closed; the steam extracted from the medium-pressure cylinder and the boiler flue gas drive the double-effect and single-effect chillers respectively; the high and low temperature hot water after three-stage heating is used as a supplementary heat source for cooling; the AIDC recovers waste heat to drive the low-grade chiller, forming a closed cooling cycle driven by waste heat. In winter mode: the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth switching valves are closed; the sixth, seventh, and eighth switching valves are open; and the ninth switching valve is selectively opened or closed based on the temperature of the coolant after heat exchange. Specifically, when the coolant temperature drops below the server's allowable inlet temperature, the ninth switching valve opens for bypass, while the seventh and eighth switching valves close. When the coolant temperature is still above the allowable inlet temperature, the ninth switching valve closes, while the seventh and eighth switching valves remain open. The coolant is further cooled by the natural cooling device and then returned to the AIDC. The lithium bromide absorption chiller is shut down, and the AIDC's heat dissipation is handled by a series process that prioritizes waste heat recovery and supplements it with natural cooling.

Images