An open-pit coal mine water-land-air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device and method based on multi-source data fusion

Abstract

The application discloses the technical field of ecological environment monitoring and mine environment management and relates to an open coal mine water-land-air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device and method based on multi-source data fusion, which comprises a monitoring module, a processing module and an evaluation module.The monitoring module comprises an aerial monitoring unit, a ground monitoring unit and a water body monitoring unit.The evaluation module is used for calculating single-factor evaluation results and a comprehensive ecological environment index according to the comprehensive feature data set obtained by the processing module and generating an evaluation report and a pollution distribution map.The application drives the detection probe to move downward into water to obtain water quality parameters through the first driving element at regular time intervals, and drives the detection probe to move upward into the opening after data collection is completed, so that the detection probe is only immersed in water for a short time when water quality is collected, and is in a non-submerged state in the opening at other times, which effectively reduces the continuous adhesion and erosion of high-concentration suspended solids, corrosive chemicals and microorganisms to the probe, and guarantees the accuracy and stability of water quality parameter acquisition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of ecological environment monitoring and mine environment management, specifically to a device and method for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment of open-pit coal mines in a coordinated manner based on multi-source data fusion and water, land and air. Background Technology

[0002] The open-pit coal mining process has a significant impact on the ecological environment of the mining area and its surroundings, including land damage, vegetation destruction, soil pollution, water pollution, dust pollution, and noise pollution. Comprehensive, accurate, and dynamic monitoring and evaluation of these ecological and environmental factors are of great significance for guiding green mining, ecological restoration, and environmental supervision. When monitoring the ecological environment of open-pit coal mines, it is necessary to obtain the water quality parameters of tailings ponds. Typically, water quality monitoring buoys are set up in tailings ponds for detection. However, because the sensors are placed in water for a long time, and because the tailings water contains a large number of suspended mineral particles, organic residues, and rapidly growing algae and microorganisms, these substances easily adhere to the sensor surface, forming a dense biofilm or dirt layer. This blocks the sensor's detection channel and covers the sensing membrane, resulting in obstructed signal transmission and a significant decrease in detection accuracy. Furthermore, the high-hardness mineral particles in the tailings water will cause continuous physical wear on the sensor surface under the impact of water flow, scratching the probe's sensing membrane and detection window, accelerating the degradation of equipment performance, greatly shortening the sensor's lifespan, and affecting the accuracy of ecological environment monitoring and assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment of open-pit coal mines in a coordinated manner based on multi-source data fusion, which solves the problems existing in the monitoring of water quality by existing water quality monitoring buoys in tailings ponds.

[0004] This invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solution: a multi-source data fusion-based open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device, comprising: The monitoring module includes an aerial monitoring unit for acquiring vegetation index, land utilization rate, and atmospheric aerosol content in the mining area; a ground monitoring unit for acquiring soil parameters, noise levels, and meteorological parameters in the mining area; and a water body monitoring unit for acquiring surface water and groundwater quality parameters in and around the mining area. The water body monitoring unit includes a buoy body, a detection probe housed within the buoy body, a first drive component for raising and lowering the detection probe, and a cleaning assembly on the buoy body to reduce noise in the collected groundwater quality parameters. The processing module is used to fuse the feature sets of the data collected by the monitoring module and generate a comprehensive feature dataset of the mining area's ecological environment. The assessment module is used to calculate the comprehensive feature dataset obtained by the processing module using the ecological environment assessment model, to obtain the single-factor assessment results and comprehensive ecological environment index, and to generate an assessment report and pollution distribution map.

[0005] Preferably, the buoy body has an opening at its bottom, the detection probe is located in the opening, the first driving component is used to periodically drive the detection probe to move down into the water to obtain water quality parameters, and after the data acquisition is completed, drive the detection probe to move up into the opening, and the cleaning component is used to clean the detection probe when it returns to the opening.

[0006] Preferably, the movable end of the first driving member is provided with a mesh cover for covering the detection probe.

[0007] Preferably, the mesh cover includes an outer cover, an inner cover rotatably disposed within the outer cover, and a drive device for driving the inner cover to rotate.

[0008] Preferably, the bottoms of the outer cover and the inner cover are open, the bottom of the outer cover is hinged to a base plate, the inner wall of the outer cover is provided with a storage groove, a movable block is slidably provided in the storage groove, a flexible connector is provided between the movable block and the base plate, and the inner cover is provided with a slider located in the storage groove.

[0009] Preferably, the cleaning assembly includes an air storage tank disposed in the buoy body, an exhaust tank communicating with the air storage tank, a piston disposed in the air storage tank, an elastic member connected to the piston, a pull rod disposed on the piston, a second driving member for driving the pull rod to move, and an air inlet for communicating the air storage tank with the outside. The air inlet is equipped with a one-way valve.

[0010] Preferably, a baffle is hinged inside the exhaust groove, and a stop block is provided inside the exhaust groove to limit the baffle, so that the gas storage groove and the opening are not connected when the piston moves down.

[0011] Preferably, the exhaust groove is provided with a limiting block for limiting the baffle, and the opening is provided with a moving block for connecting with the limiting block and located on the moving path of the detection probe. The first driving member drives the detection probe to move upward and reset, and the detection probe contacts the moving block and pushes it to move, so as to drive the limiting block to move, release the restriction on the baffle, and make the air storage groove and the opening connected.

[0012] Preferably, the moving end of the first driving member is provided with a support, a guide rod is slidably provided on the support, an annular seat is provided on the guide rod, the mesh cover is provided on the annular seat, the detection probe is provided on the support, a cleaning brush for fitting with the detection probe is provided on the inner side wall of the mesh cover, and a third driving member for driving the annular seat to move downward is provided in the opening.

[0013] Preferably, a method for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment of open-pit coal mines using multi-source data fusion and coordinated water, land, and air approaches includes the following steps: S1: The aerial monitoring unit acquires remote sensing data on vegetation, land use, and atmospheric aerosols in the mining area; the ground monitoring unit acquires parameter data on soil, noise, vibration, and meteorology in the mining area; and the water monitoring unit acquires water quality parameters of surface water and groundwater in and around the mining area. S2: When collecting water quality parameters of surface water, the first driving component drives the detection probe to move down into the water to obtain water quality parameters, and after completing the data collection, drives the detection probe to move up into the opening. At the same time, the cleaning component cleans the detection probe when it returns to the opening. S3: The processing module integrates the data information collected by the monitoring module with feature sets and generates a comprehensive ecological environment feature dataset of the mining area. The evaluation module then calculates the single-element evaluation results and the comprehensive ecological environment index, and generates an evaluation report and a pollution distribution map.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the first driving component periodically drives the detection probe downward into the water to acquire water quality parameters, and after completing data acquisition, drives the detection probe upward into the opening. This ensures that the detection probe is only briefly immersed in the water during water quality acquisition, and remains in a non-submerged state within the opening for the rest of the time. This effectively reduces the continuous adhesion and erosion of the probe by high-concentration suspended solids, corrosive chemicals, and microorganisms, significantly reducing the risk of sensor contamination, biofilm formation, and chemical corrosion. Furthermore, the cleaning component cleans the detection probe when it returns to the opening, protecting it and ensuring the cleanliness of the probe surface during the next immersion measurement, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy and stability of water quality parameter acquisition. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the open-pit coal mine water, land and air integrated ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water monitoring unit structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main body of the buoy of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the mesh cover and the detection probe of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mesh structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the outer cover and the base plate of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point D; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the support and the ring seat of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Buoy body; 2. Opening; 3. Net cover; 301. Outer cover; 302. Inner cover; 303. Base plate; 304. Flexible connector; 305. Storage slot; 306. Slider; 307. Movable block; 4. Air storage tank; 5. Exhaust tank; 6. Piston; 7. Elastic component; 8. Pull rod; 9. Air inlet; 10. One-way valve; 11. First drive component; 12. Second drive component; 13. Baffle; 14. Moving block; 15. Detection probe; 16. Stop block; 17. Limiting block; 18. Drive device; 19. Third drive component; 20. Support; 21. Guide rod; 22. Annular seat; 23. Cleaning brush. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] Please see Figure 1 A multi-source data fusion-based open-pit coal mine water, land and air integrated ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device, comprising: a monitoring module, a processing module and an evaluation module; The detection module includes an aerial monitoring unit, a ground monitoring unit, and a water monitoring unit. The aerial monitoring unit includes a satellite remote sensing receiving and processing unit (which periodically receives multispectral, hyperspectral, and radar satellite images, and extracts ecological and environmental parameters such as vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI), land use classification, surface temperature, soil moisture, and aerosol optical thickness after radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and geometric correction) and a UAV low-altitude remote sensing platform (using multi-rotor or fixed-wing UAVs, equipped with hyperspectral imagers, thermal infrared imagers, lidar, and multi-parameter gas detectors (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, etc.) for high-resolution aerial surveys of key areas (such as spoil heaps, mining pits, and tailings ponds) to obtain detailed information on vegetation health status, soil erosion, and dust dispersion). The ground monitoring unit includes fixed monitoring stations (deployed at key locations in the mining area (such as mining area boundaries, spoil heaps, and residential areas), integrating soil heavy metal sensors, noise sensors, six meteorological parameters sensors, and triaxial vibration sensors). The system includes: a data fusion and processing center (transmitting data in real time via wired or wireless means); mobile monitoring vehicles (equipped with sensors similar to fixed monitoring stations, and equipped with GPS and video acquisition equipment, enabling mobile monitoring of specific areas according to plan or emergency needs); and a ground sensor network (including multiple low-cost, low-power wireless sensor nodes deployed in hard-to-reach areas (such as slopes and reclaimed areas), which aggregate data to nearby relay stations or fixed monitoring stations through a self-organizing network); and a water body monitoring unit including water quality monitoring buoys (deployed in rivers, lakes, tailings ponds, etc. near the mining area, integrating multi-parameter water quality sensors (pH, DO, turbidity, conductivity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, etc.), transmitting data back via 4G / 5G or Beidou short message service); underwater robots (equipped with high-definition cameras, side-scan sonar, and water quality sensors, used for detailed exploration and water quality profile measurement of waterlogged areas in mining pits and the bottom of tailings ponds); and shoreline automatic monitoring stations (deployed near river sections and groundwater monitoring wells for long-term continuous monitoring). Please see Figure 1 The processing and evaluation modules refer to the data fusion and processing center, which includes a data receiving server, a multi-source data fusion engine, and an ecological environment assessment model library. The multi-source data fusion engine adopts a heterogeneous data fusion algorithm based on deep learning, including: a spatiotemporal registration submodule (unifying data from different sources and with different spatiotemporal resolutions onto the same spatiotemporal reference (geographic coordinates and timestamps)), a feature extraction submodule (extracting high-dimensional features from remote sensing images, sensor time-series data, and spectral data respectively), a fusion submodule (using a multimodal deep learning network (such as a Transformer fusion network based on an attention mechanism) to deeply fuse the features of each modality to generate a comprehensive environmental state vector), and an inversion and prediction submodule (based on the fused state vector, using a trained model to invert environmental parameters that are difficult to measure directly, such as soil heavy metal content, and predict future trends). The ecological environment assessment model library includes: single-element assessment models (such as soil environmental quality assessment, water environmental quality assessment, and air environmental quality assessment), comprehensive assessment models (using the analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive assessment, or machine learning methods to weight and integrate the assessment results of each single element to generate a comprehensive ecological environment index for mining areas), and ecological risk early warning models (based on dynamic monitoring data and changing trends, identifying potential ecological risks such as pollution spread, vegetation degradation, and soil erosion, and setting early warning thresholds).

[0020] A method for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment of open-pit coal mines based on multi-source data fusion and coordinated water, land, and air approaches includes the following steps: First: The aerial monitoring unit regularly acquires satellite imagery and UAV aerial survey data (to obtain remote sensing data on vegetation, land use, and atmospheric aerosols in the mining area), while the ground monitoring unit and water monitoring unit regularly collect various environmental parameters (to obtain parameters on soil, noise, vibration, and meteorology in the mining area, as well as water quality parameters of surface water and groundwater in and around the mining area), and transmits the data to the data fusion and processing center through a heterogeneous communication network. It should be noted that before data collection, a monitoring plan needs to be developed. Based on the mining area, topography, and distribution of pollution sources, key monitoring areas should be delineated, and the deployment locations, monitoring frequencies, and parameters of monitoring equipment at the air, ground, and water levels should be determined. Second: The received multi-source data is subjected to quality checks, outlier removal, and missing value imputation, and all data is unified to the same geographic coordinates and time resolution; using a multi-source data fusion engine, the registered remote sensing data, ground monitoring data, and water monitoring data are fused at the feature level to generate a comprehensive feature dataset of the mining area's ecological environment. Third: Based on the comprehensive feature dataset, call the relevant models in the ecological environment assessment model library to calculate the single-factor assessment results and the comprehensive ecological environment index, and generate an assessment report and pollution distribution map; It should be noted that the single-factor evaluation is specifically as follows: Vegetation Index (NDVI) Sveg = NDVI × 100 (NDVI typically ranges from -1 to 1, and in actual mining areas it is generally between 0 and 0.6; multiplying by 100 gives a score of 0-60, with higher scores indicating better vegetation); Soil quality P = C 实测 / C 标准 S soil =100-P×30 (P is the maximum single pollution index, taking the one with the most severe exceedance among heavy metals, deducting 3 points for each 0.1 exceedance, and scoring 0 when P>3.33, S soil Minimum value: 0; maximum value: 100); Atmospheric environment (AOD and noise) S air =(1-AOD)×70+(1-Noise / 100)×30 Sair(AOD value ranges from 0 to 1, noise level is in dB); Water environment (simplified comprehensive water quality index) S water =100 - WQI × 10 (WQI is the average multiple of key exceedance indicators, such as COD and ammonia nitrogen; 1 point is deducted for each 0.1 times the standard, and the score is 0 when WQI > 10); Comprehensive Ecological Environment Index CEI = 0.2 × S veg +0.4×S soil +0.2×S air +0.2×S water (CEI ≥ 75 is excellent, 50-75 is good, 25-50 is acceptable, < 25 is poor); Single-point comprehensive pollution index P point = (100-CEI) / 100(P) point The range is 0-1, where 0 represents no pollution and 1 represents extremely heavy pollution.

[0021] Fourth: Compare real-time monitoring data with historical data and model prediction results. When an indicator exceeds the warning threshold or shows an abnormal trend, automatically generate warning information (including location, indicator, exceedance multiple, and suggested measures) and push it to managers via SMS, APP, etc. It should be noted that the 3D geographic information system platform dynamically displays various monitoring data, evaluation results, and early warning information, supporting managers to query, statistically analyze, and provide decision-making basis for ecological restoration and daily supervision. Newly acquired monitoring data and manual verification results are used as training samples to regularly retrain and optimize the fusion model and evaluation model, thereby improving the accuracy and adaptability of monitoring and evaluation.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] The following is a specific implementation method for water quality monitoring buoys to reduce noise in the collected groundwater quality parameters and improve the accuracy of data acquisition: Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6The water quality monitoring buoy includes a buoy body 1 and an opening 2 at the bottom of the buoy body 1. The buoy body 1 is equipped with a first driving component 11 (such as an electric telescopic rod). The moving end of the first driving component 11 extends into the inner cavity of the opening 2 and is connected to a detection probe 15 (the detection probe 15 integrates multi-parameter water quality sensors, such as pH, DO, turbidity, conductivity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, etc.). The first driving component 11 is used to drive the detection probe 15 to rise and fall. The buoy body 1 is equipped with a cleaning component. When collecting water quality parameters of surface water, the first driving component 11 drives the detection probe 15 to move down into the water to obtain water quality parameters. After completing the data collection, the first driving component drives the detection probe 15 to move up into the opening 2. At the same time, the cleaning component cleans the detection probe 15 when it returns to the opening 2.

[0024] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The first driving component 11 has a detection probe 15 and a mesh cover 3 on its moving end. The mesh cover 3 covers the detection probe 15 to prevent large particles of impurities from directly contacting the detection probe 15, reduce the probability of impurities getting entangled on the detection probe 15, protect it, and extend the service life of the detection probe 15.

[0025] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 5 and Figure 8 The mesh cover 3 includes an outer cover 301, an inner cover 302 rotatably disposed inside the outer cover 301, and a drive device 18 disposed on the top of the outer cover 301. The drive device 18 includes a motor, a gear disposed on the output shaft of the motor, and a ring gear disposed on the inner side wall of the inner cover 302. The gear is located inside the inner cover 302 and meshes with the ring gear. Both the outer cover 301 and the inner cover 302 have holes on their side walls to allow water to pass through the outer cover 301 and the inner cover 302. The motor drives the gear to rotate, causing the ring gear to rotate the inner cover 302, thus rotating the inner cover. The holes in the inner cover 302 are offset from the holes in the outer cover 301, ensuring that when the first driving component 11 drives the mesh cover 3 and the detection probe 15 into the water, the water will not immediately come into contact with the detection probe 15. After the detection probe 15 reaches the predetermined depth, the motor drives the gear to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the holes in the inner cover 302 and the outer cover 301 coincide again, allowing the water to pass through the inner cover 302 and the outer cover 301 and come into contact with the detection probe 15, so that the detection probe 15 can acquire water quality parameters, reducing the time that the detection probe 15 is in contact with water during the downward detection process.

[0026] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10The outer cover 301 and the inner cover 302 are open at the bottom. Two base plates 303 are hinged to the bottom of the outer cover 301. Two storage slots 305 are formed on the inner sidewall of the outer cover 301. Movable blocks 307 are slidably disposed within the inner cavity of the storage slots 305. A flexible connector 304 (such as a rope) is provided between the movable block 307 and the base plate 303. A slider 306 is provided on the outer sidewall of the inner cover 302, and the slider 306 is located within the inner cavity of the storage slot 305. The driving device 18 drives the inner cover 302 to rotate, causing the slider 306 to move inside the storage slot 305, pushing the movable block 307 and pulling the flexible connector 304 into the storage slot 305, thus moving the base plate 301. 3 is rotated upwards, covering the bottom of the outer cover 301 (and also the bottom of the inner cover 302); when the driving device 18 drives the inner cover 302 to rotate in the opposite direction, the slider 306 moves inside the receiving groove 305 and does not contact the movable block 307, the squeezing force on the movable block 307 disappears, the tension of the flexible connector 304 on the base plate 303 decreases, and the base plate 303 rotates downwards under the action of gravity, opening the bottom of the outer cover 301; after the first driving device 11 drives the detection probe 15 back into the opening 2, by controlling the base plate 303 to rotate downwards, the bottoms of the outer cover 301 and the inner cover 302 are opened, making it easier to drain the water and impurities inside the mesh cover 3.

[0027] It should be noted that the flexible connector 304 is an elastic rope, capable of stretching to a certain extent, thus providing a compensating effect. Before the first driving member 11 drives the detection probe 15 into the water, the driving device 18 drives the inner cover 302 to rotate, causing the holes of the inner cover 302 and the outer cover 301 to be misaligned. At the same time, the bottom plate 303 rotates upward to seal the bottom of the outer cover 301 (the flexible connector 304 is stretched significantly). After this is completed, the detection probe 15 is inserted into the water under the drive of the first driving member 11, and then the driving device 18 drives the inner cover... 302 rotates slightly in the opposite direction, so that the holes of the inner cover 302 and the outer cover 301 coincide, ensuring that water can pass through the inner cover 302 and the outer cover 301. At this time, the flexible connector 304 is slightly relaxed, and the bottom plate 303 cannot rotate downward. After the test is completed, when the first drive member 11 drives the test probe 15 back into the opening 2, the drive device 18 drives the inner cover 302 to continue to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the flexible connector 304 is completely relaxed, the bottom plate 303 rotates downward, and the bottom of the outer cover 301 is opened. At this time, the holes of the outer cover 301 and the inner cover 302 coincide.

[0028] Example 3

[0029] As a further optimization of Example 2, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6The cleaning component includes an air storage tank 4 inside the buoy body 1, an exhaust vent 5 inside the buoy body 1 for communicating with the opening 2, a piston 6 (capable of moving up and down) slidingly inside the air storage tank 4, an elastic element 7 (such as a spring) between the bottom of the piston 6 and the bottom of the air storage tank 4, a pull rod 8 at the bottom of the piston 6 extending into the opening 2, a second drive element 12 (such as an electric telescopic rod) inside the opening 2, and an air inlet 9 on the top wall of the buoy body 1. The air storage tank 4 is connected; during the process of the first driving member 11 driving the detection probe 15 to move downward, the second driving member 12 extends to push the pull rod 8 and the piston 6 to move downward, so that negative pressure is generated inside the air storage tank 4, and outside air is drawn into the air storage tank 4 through the air inlet 9; after the first driving member 11 drives the detection probe 15 to reset, the second driving member 12 retracts, so that the force on the pull rod 8 disappears. Under the action of the elastic member 7, the piston 6 moves upward, blowing the gas inside the air storage tank 4 through the exhaust groove 5 towards the detection probe 15, which has a cleaning effect on it.

[0030] It should be noted that the lever 8 is L-shaped, and the buoy body 1 has a moving groove inside for the lever 8 to move up and down.

[0031] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The air inlet 9 is equipped with a one-way valve 10, which allows outside air to enter the air storage tank 4 through the air inlet 9, while the air inside the air storage tank 4 will not be discharged to the outside through the air inlet 9, ensuring that when the piston 6 moves upward, the gas inside the air storage tank 4 will only be discharged through the exhaust tank 5.

[0032] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 A baffle 13 is hinged to the bottom of the inner cavity of the exhaust groove 5 (the baffle 13 is hinged to the bottom of the inner cavity of the exhaust groove 5 through a torsion spring shaft, so that the baffle 13 will not rotate automatically). A stop block 16 is provided in the inner cavity of the exhaust groove 5. The stop block 16 fits against the side wall of the baffle 13 to restrict the baffle 13 so that it will not rotate to one side of the air storage groove 4. When the piston 6 moves down and creates negative pressure inside the air storage groove 4, the baffle 13 will not rotate to one side of the air storage groove 4 due to the obstruction of the stop block 16, so that the air storage groove 4 is not connected to the opening 2, ensuring that the air storage groove 4 only draws air from the outside and does not draw gas from the inside of the opening 2, thus preventing the water level inside the opening 2 from rising.

[0033] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 6 and Figure 7The top of the inner cavity of the exhaust groove 5 is provided with a slot, and a limiting block 17 is slidably inserted into the slot. A moving block 14 is slidably provided on the buoy body 1. The moving block 14 is connected to the limiting block 17, and the bottom of the moving block 14 is in contact with the top of the detection probe 15. When the first driving member 11 drives the detection probe 15 to move down and insert it into the water for detection, the force on the moving block 14 disappears, and it moves down under the action of gravity, so that the limiting block 17 is in contact with the side wall of the baffle 13 to restrict it. At this time, the exhaust groove 5 is cut off. When the second driving member 12 moves up and the piston 6 moves up under the action of the elastic member 7, the air storage groove 4 is filled with air. The gas will not be expelled, and the gas pressure inside the gas storage tank 4 will increase. The first driving component 11 drives the detection probe 15 to move upward and reset. The detection probe 15 contacts the moving block 14 and pushes it to move, so as to drive the limit block 17 to move and release the restriction on the baffle 13. At this time, the gas pressure inside the gas storage tank 4 will push the baffle 13 to rotate, open the exhaust channel 5, and allow the gas inside the gas storage tank 4 to be blown towards the detection probe 15 through the exhaust channel 5. This ensures that the detection probe 15 is in place before cleaning it, and also makes the gas blown towards the detection probe 15 with a certain pressure, increasing the cleaning effect on the detection probe 15.

[0034] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 11 A support 20 is provided on the moving end of the first driving member 11. A guide rod 21 is slidably provided on the side wall of the support 20. The guide rod 21 can move up and down. A return spring is provided between the guide rod 21 and the support 20. An annular seat 22 is provided on the side wall of the guide rod 21. A mesh cover 3 is provided on the bottom wall of the annular seat 22. A detection probe 15 is provided on the bottom wall of the support 20. A cleaning brush 23 is provided on the inner side wall of the mesh cover 3. The cleaning brush 23 is attached to the side wall of the detection probe 15. A third driving member 19 is provided in the inner cavity of the opening 2. (e.g., an electric telescopic rod); after the first driving member 11 drives the detection probe 15 back into the opening 2, the third driving member 19 extends to push the annular seat 22 and the mesh cover 3 downward (at this time, the guide rod 21 slides on the side wall of the support 20). The mesh cover 3 moves downward to expose the detection probe 15, so that the gas blown out of the exhaust groove 5 can directly act on the detection probe 15, increasing the cleaning effect; and the mesh cover 3 moves downward so that the cleaning brush 23 sweeps across the surface of the detection probe 15 to clean it first, increasing the cleaning quality.

[0035] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-source data fusion-based, integrated water, land, and air ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device for open-pit coal mines, characterized in that... include: The monitoring module includes an aerial monitoring unit for acquiring vegetation index, land utilization rate, and atmospheric aerosol content in the mining area; a ground monitoring unit for acquiring soil parameters, noise levels, and meteorological parameters in the mining area; and a water body monitoring unit for acquiring surface water and groundwater quality parameters in and around the mining area. The water body monitoring unit includes a buoy body (1), a detection probe (15) installed in the buoy body (1), a first drive component (11) for driving the detection probe (15) up and down, and a cleaning component installed on the buoy body (1) to reduce the noise of the collected groundwater quality parameters. The processing module is used to fuse the feature sets of the data collected by the monitoring module and generate a comprehensive feature dataset of the mining area's ecological environment. The assessment module is used to calculate the comprehensive feature dataset obtained by the processing module using the ecological environment assessment model, to obtain the single-factor assessment results and comprehensive ecological environment index, and to generate an assessment report and pollution distribution map.

2. The open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buoy body (1) has an opening (2) at its bottom. The detection probe (15) is located in the opening (2). The first driving component (11) is used to periodically drive the detection probe (15) down into the water to obtain water quality parameters, and after completing data acquisition, drive the detection probe (15) up into the opening (2). The cleaning component is used to clean the detection probe (15) when it returns to the opening (2).

3. The open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first drive unit (11) has a mesh cover (3) on its moving end for covering the detection probe (15).

4. The open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mesh cover (3) includes an outer cover (301), an inner cover (302) rotatably disposed inside the outer cover (301), and a drive device (18) for driving the inner cover (302) to rotate.

5. The open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottoms of the outer cover (301) and the inner cover (302) are open. The bottom of the outer cover (301) is hinged to a base plate (303). A storage groove (305) is provided on the inner side wall of the outer cover (301). A movable block (307) is slidably provided in the storage groove (305). A flexible connector (304) is provided between the movable block (307) and the base plate (303). A slider (306) located in the storage groove (305) is provided on the inner cover (302).

6. The open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cleaning assembly includes an air storage tank (4) in the buoy body (1), an exhaust tank (5) communicating with the air storage tank (4), a piston (6) in the air storage tank (4), an elastic member (7) connected to the piston (6), a pull rod (8) on the piston (6), a second drive member (12) for driving the pull rod (8) to move, and an air inlet (9) for communicating the air storage tank (4) with the outside world. The air inlet (9) is equipped with a one-way valve (10).

7. The open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that, A baffle (13) is hinged inside the exhaust groove (5), and a block (16) is provided inside the exhaust groove (5) to limit the baffle (13) so that the gas storage groove (4) and the opening (2) are not connected when the piston (6) moves down.

8. The open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 7, characterized in that, The exhaust groove (5) is provided with a limiting block (17) for limiting the baffle (13). The opening (2) is provided with a moving block (14) for connecting with the limiting block (17) and located on the moving path of the detection probe (15). The first driving member (11) drives the detection probe (15) to move upward and reset. The detection probe (15) contacts the moving block (14) and pushes it to move, so as to drive the limiting block (17) to move and release the restriction on the baffle (13) so that the gas storage groove (4) can communicate with the opening (2).

9. A multi-source data fusion-based open-pit coal mine water, land, and air collaborative ecological environment monitoring and evaluation device, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... The first driving member (11) has a support (20) on its moving end. A guide rod (21) is slidably provided on the support (20). An annular seat (22) is provided on the guide rod (21). The mesh cover (3) is provided on the annular seat (22). The detection probe (15) is provided on the support (20). A cleaning brush (23) for fitting with the detection probe (15) is provided on the inner side wall of the mesh cover (3). A third driving member (19) for driving the annular seat (22) to move down is provided in the opening (2).

10. A method for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment of open-pit coal mines based on multi-source data fusion, utilizing the multi-source data fusion-based monitoring and evaluation device for the ecological environment of open-pit coal mines based on multi-source data fusion as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: The aerial monitoring unit acquires remote sensing data on vegetation, land use, and atmospheric aerosols in the mining area; the ground monitoring unit acquires parameter data on soil, noise, vibration, and meteorology in the mining area; and the water monitoring unit acquires water quality parameters of surface water and groundwater in and around the mining area. S2: When collecting water quality parameters of surface water, the first driving component (11) drives the detection probe (15) to move down into the water to obtain water quality parameters, and after completing the data collection, drives the detection probe (15) to move up into the opening (2), while the cleaning component cleans the detection probe (15) when it returns to the opening (2); S3: The processing module integrates the data information collected by the monitoring module with feature sets and generates a comprehensive ecological environment feature dataset of the mining area. The evaluation module then calculates the single-element evaluation results and the comprehensive ecological environment index, and generates an evaluation report and a pollution distribution map.

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