Piezoresistive array landslide monitoring device method with self-anchoring function

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, in particular to a piezoelectric piezoresistance array landslide monitoring device and method with self-coupling anchoring function. The device comprises a sleeve, a piezoelectric-piezoresistance monitoring array, a crack pouring device, an anchoring device and a data acquisition and transmission unit. A plurality of piezoelectric units are arranged along the axial direction of the sleeve to form a piezoelectric array, a piezoresistance unit is arranged at the upper and lower ends of each piezoelectric unit, and the piezoelectric units and the piezoresistance units together form a piezoelectric-piezoresistance monitoring node. A plurality of monitoring nodes are distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve to form a piezoelectric-piezoresistance array for synchronously acquiring vibration signals and micro-deformation signals at different depths of the landslide body. The control box is electrically connected with the piezoelectric unit and the piezoresistance unit to realize synchronous acquisition, time synchronization processing and fusion analysis of the vibration signals and the strain signals. The present application has the advantages of high monitoring precision, good coupling effect, convenient installation, strong long-term stability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a method for a piezoelectric resistivity array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides are a common and serious geological hazard. Their occurrence and development are usually accompanied by the continuous accumulation of internal stress in the soil and rock mass, the propagation of cracks, and localized failure. The slow accumulation of internal stress in the soil and rock mass causes minute deformations, while the sudden release of stress generates vibrations or microseismic signals. Therefore, synchronous monitoring of microdeformation and vibration information of landslides is of great significance for early identification and instability warning of landslides.

[0003] Existing landslide monitoring technologies mainly include two categories: displacement monitoring and vibration monitoring. Displacement monitoring, based on equipment such as GNSS, inclinometers, and displacement gauges, can acquire deformation information of the landslide body. However, its monitoring results are easily affected by factors such as terrain conditions, signal propagation environment, and monitoring accuracy. Furthermore, it can only reflect deformation changes and is difficult to detect early micro-vibrations generated during the propagation and fracturing of cracks within the rock and soil mass. On the other hand, vibration monitoring technology, based on equipment such as microseismic sensors and vibration sensors, can capture vibration signals released by rock mass fracturing, but it is difficult to accurately reflect the stress accumulation process and static micro-deformation characteristics within the rock and soil mass. Therefore, existing monitoring methods cannot achieve coordinated monitoring of landslide micro-deformation and vibration information, resulting in limited early landslide identification capabilities.

[0004] Furthermore, during landslide field monitoring, it is typically necessary to place the monitoring device into a pre-drilled monitoring borehole and fill the gap between the monitoring device and the borehole wall soil with a coupling agent to ensure effective contact between the sensing unit and the soil. However, existing monitoring devices mostly use manual or external grouting methods for coupling agent filling, which suffers from problems such as difficulty in controlling the flow direction of the coupling agent, insufficient filling in local areas, and air entrapment forming air bubbles. This easily leads to insufficiently filled gaps between the piezoelectric and piezoresistive sensing units and the borehole wall, reducing the transmission efficiency of vibration and micro-deformation signals, and thus affecting the accuracy and stability of monitoring data. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a method for a piezoelectric-piezoresistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function that can achieve coordinated monitoring of landslide micro-deformation and vibration, and improve the coupling effect between the sensing unit and the soil, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an integrated monitoring device for micro-deformation and vibration of landslides based on a piezoelectric array. By integrating an extrusion device and a grouting device at the top of the sleeve, it eliminates the need for external grouting equipment. A top rod pushes a pressure plate to uniformly pressurize the coupling agent, which is then directionally sprayed from the nozzle through flow holes and channels to the gap between the sensing unit and the borehole wall. A retaining ring on the outside of the sleeve limits and guides the coupling agent, and air is smoothly discharged from the gap through the vent hole with a horn groove on the retaining ring, preventing air bubbles and ensuring a tight fit between the sensing unit and the soil. This solves the problem mentioned in the background art: because the coupling agent easily diffuses into non-sensing areas, the key gaps between the piezoelectric unit, the piezoresistive unit, and the borehole wall are not fully filled, resulting in gaps and ultimately preventing effective adhesion between the sensing unit and the soil, thus affecting the accuracy of micro-deformation and vibration signal acquisition.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the integrated monitoring device and method for micro-deformation and vibration of landslide bodies based on piezoelectric arrays includes a sleeve and a grouting device. A base is fixedly installed on the top of the sleeve, a cross support frame is fixedly connected inside the sleeve, four batteries are fixedly installed inside the cross support frame, multiple piezoelectric units are fixedly installed inside the sleeve, piezoresistive units are fixedly connected to both ends of each piezoelectric unit, a fixed cylinder is embedded inside the sleeve, a control box is fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder, a storage cavity is opened inside the fixed cylinder, an antenna is fixedly installed inside the storage cavity, and a groove is opened at the bottom of the fixed cylinder. The top of the sleeve is provided with a pressing device, which includes a cylinder fixedly installed on the top of the sleeve. A sealing cap is threadedly connected to the top of the cylinder, a pressure plate is slidably connected inside the cylinder, and multiple flow holes are opened at the bottom of the cylinder. The sleeve is equipped with a grouting device, which includes multiple flow channels inside the sleeve. The multiple flow channels are located directly below multiple flow holes. Multiple spray holes are provided inside the sleeve near the flow channels.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the sleeve is fixedly connected with multiple retaining rings. Multiple vent holes are opened at both the upper and lower ends of the retaining rings. When the coupling agent is sprayed out from the nozzle, the retaining rings will restrict the flow direction of the coupling agent, so that the coupling agent fills the interior of the retaining rings to cover the gap between the piezoelectric unit, the piezoresistive unit and the soil. The vent hole is provided with a horn groove on the side facing the interior of the retaining ring. When the coupling agent flows, the coupling agent compresses the air and allows the air to be discharged through the vent hole.

[0008] Secondly, a push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure plate. The outside of the push rod and the inside of the sealing cover are slidably engaged. When the push rod slides downward, it pushes the pressure plate to slide, allowing the coupling agent to enter the flow channel through the flow hole. A chuck is fixedly connected to the top of the push rod. A push rod is engaged inside the chuck. When the push rod is inserted into the chuck, it pushes the push rod downward, causing it to slide inside the sealing cover. A fixing ring is fixedly connected to the top of the sealing cover. The outside of the fixing ring and the inside of the chuck are threadedly connected. When the chuck rotates, it rotates to the outside of the fixing ring, fixing the position of the chuck.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the above, the sleeve is provided with a limiting device on its exterior. The limiting device includes four barbs that are rotatably connected to the inside of the sleeve. The sidewalls of the barbs are fixedly connected with locking blocks. A placement groove is provided inside the sleeve near the barbs, and the barbs are inserted into the placement groove.

[0010] Meanwhile, the chuck is externally fixedly connected to multiple connecting rods, and the bottom of the multiple connecting rods is fixedly connected to a threaded ring. The threaded ring is externally connected to the internal threads of multiple barbs. The top of the barbs is provided with a threaded groove, and the threaded ring is threadedly engaged with the barbs through the threaded groove.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for using an integrated monitoring device for micro-deformation and vibration of landslide bodies based on a piezoelectric array, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Drill a monitoring hole with a matching sleeve diameter in the landslide monitoring area. Vertically hoist the device into the monitoring hole to the preset monitoring depth. Use the barb of the external limiting device of the sleeve to initially engage with the hole wall to temporarily fix the device, ensuring that the sleeve remains vertical and that the piezoelectric unit, piezoresistive unit and hole wall are in the corresponding positions. Step 2: Unscrew the sealing cap at the top of the cylinder, fill the cylinder with a suitable geo-coupling agent, and after filling, thread the sealing cap back onto the top of the cylinder to ensure the sealing performance of the cylinder and prevent the coupling agent from leaking. Step 3: Connect the push rod to the inside of the chuck, push the push rod downward to drive the push rod and pressure plate to slide inside the cylinder, compressing the coupling agent inside the cylinder, so that the coupling agent enters the internal flow channel of the sleeve through the flow hole at the bottom of the cylinder, and finally sprays out from the spray hole of the sleeve into the gap between the sleeve and the hole wall; the coupling agent sprayed out of the spray hole is limited by the retaining ring, and fills the space inside the retaining ring, covering the gap between the piezoelectric unit, the piezoresistive unit and the soil; Step 4: During the filling process of the coupling agent inside the retaining ring, the air in the gap is squeezed out. The air is discharged through the vent holes at both ends of the retaining ring. The horn groove inside the vent hole guides the air to flow out smoothly, avoiding the formation of air bubbles. Continue to pressurize until the coupling agent slightly overflows from the gap between the retaining ring and the hole wall, ensuring that the coupling agent fully fills the gap, so that the piezoelectric unit and the piezoresistive unit are tightly bonded to the rock and soil through the coupling agent. Step 5: During the coupling agent solidification process, the rotating chuck drives the connecting rod and threaded ring to rotate. The threaded ring engages with the threaded groove at the top of the barb, pushing the barb to rotate around the placement groove and unfold outward, so that the barb is engaged with the monitoring hole wall, thus fixing the device. After the coupling agent has completely solidified, the antenna in the fixed cylinder storage cavity wakes up the internal control box and piezoelectric and piezoresistive units of the device. The device begins to collect micro-deformation and vibration data of the landslide body and transmits the data to the receiving equipment on the ground surface through the antenna, thus completing the start-up of the monitoring system. Step 6: The piezoelectric array collects vibration signals inside the landslide body and extracts vibration amplitude, frequency and energy characteristic parameters. The piezoresistive array collects micro-deformation signals inside the landslide body and obtains strain change information at different depths. The control box performs fusion analysis on the piezoelectric and piezoresistive signals to establish the deformation-vibration response characteristics of the landslide body. Based on the deformation-vibration response characteristics, the stable stage, accelerated deformation stage and instability warning stage of the landslide body are identified.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This landslide micro-deformation and vibration integrated monitoring device based on piezoelectric arrays achieves integrated design with a sleeve as the core. Monitoring components such as the cross support frame, battery, piezoelectric unit, piezoresistive unit, control box, and antenna are compactly arranged inside the sleeve. The cross support frame not only strengthens the sleeve's compressive strength and rationally separates the power supply battery, but also forms an integrated sensing module with the piezoresistive units at the upper and lower ends of the piezoelectric unit, enabling synchronous multi-dimensional sensing of micro-deformation and vibration. The storage cavity of the fixed sleeve also protects the antenna and ensures the stability of communication signal transmission. Simultaneously, the top of the sleeve integrates… The extrusion device and the grouting device do not require external grouting equipment. The coupling agent is uniformly pressurized by pushing the pressure plate with the top rod. It is then sprayed directionally from the nozzle through the flow holes and channels to the gap between the sensing unit and the hole wall. The retaining ring on the outside of the sleeve limits and guides the coupling agent. The air in the gap is then smoothly discharged through the vent hole with the horn groove of the retaining ring to avoid air bubbles and ensure that the sensing unit is in close contact with the soil. In addition, the barb provides temporary vertical fixation after the device is lowered. Rotating the chuck will cause the barb to unfold outward through the connecting rod and the threaded ring and be firmly locked to the hole wall by the locking block to complete the fixation. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve in this invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the piezoelectric unit and the piezoresistive unit in this invention; Figure 4 This is an enlarged structural diagram of point A in this invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the cylindrical structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the flow channel in this invention. Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the sleeve structure in this invention; Figure 8 This is an enlarged structural diagram of point B in the present invention.

[0014] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Sleeve; 2. Base; 3. Battery; 4. Piezoelectric unit; 5. Piezoresistive unit; 6. Fixing cylinder; 7. Control box; 8. Antenna; 9. Groove; 10. Cross support frame; 11. Storage cavity; 12. Crack filling device; 121. Retaining ring; 122. Exhaust hole; 123. Horn groove; 124. Flow channel; 125. Spray hole; 13. Extrusion device; 131. Cylinder; 132. Sealing cap; 133. Push rod; 134. Pressure plate; 135. Flow hole; 136. Top rod; 137. Chuck; 138. Fixing ring; 14. Limiting device; 141. Barb; 142. Locking block; 143. Placement groove; 144. Connecting rod; 145. Threaded ring; 146. Threaded groove. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of this invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0016] Because the coupling agent can easily diffuse into non-sensing areas, it can lead to insufficient filling of critical gaps between the piezoelectric unit, the piezoresistive unit and the borehole wall, resulting in voids. Ultimately, this causes the sensing unit to fail to adhere effectively to the soil and rock, seriously affecting the accuracy of micro-deformation and vibration signal acquisition.

[0017] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an integrated monitoring device and method for micro-deformation and vibration of landslides based on piezoelectric arrays, with reference to... Figure 1 - Figure 3As shown, it includes a sleeve 1 and a grouting device 12. The top of the sleeve 1 is fixedly mounted with a base 2. The inside of the sleeve 1 is fixedly connected with a cross support frame 10, which can enhance the compressive strength of the overall structure of the sleeve 1, provide stable support for the internal components, and also realize reasonable space division to accommodate and fix four batteries 3. The inside of the cross support frame 10 is fixedly installed with four batteries 3. The inside of the sleeve 1 is fixedly installed with multiple piezoelectric units 4. The upper and lower ends of the piezoelectric units 4 are fixedly connected with piezoresistive units 5, forming an integrated piezoresistive, piezoelectric and piezoresistive sensing module, which simultaneously captures the static micro-deformation and dynamic vibration signals of the landslide body, realizes multi-dimensional integrated monitoring, and improves monitoring efficiency and data comprehensiveness. A fixed cylinder 6 is embedded inside the sleeve 1. A control box 7 is fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder 6. A storage cavity 11 is opened inside the fixed cylinder 6. An antenna 8 is fixedly installed inside the storage cavity 11 to provide physical protection for the antenna 8, while ensuring the signal transmission angle and transmission path of the antenna 8, avoiding signal interference from the outside world, and ensuring the stability of data transmission. A groove 9 is opened at the bottom of the fixed cylinder 6, which makes it easy to pick up the entire fixed cylinder 6.

[0018] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the top of the sleeve 1 is provided with a pressing device 13. The pressing device 13 includes a cylinder 131 fixedly installed on the top of the sleeve 1. The top of the cylinder 131 is threadedly connected to a sealing cap 132 to achieve sealing protection of the cylinder 131 and prevent leakage during the injection of coupling agent. A pressure plate 134 is slidably connected inside the cylinder 131. Multiple flow holes 135 are opened at the bottom of the cylinder 131. A push rod 133 is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure plate 134. The outside of the push rod 133 and the inside of the sealing cap 132 are slidably engaged. The sealing cap 132 provides a stable sliding guide for the push rod 133 to ensure that the pressure plate 134 is evenly stressed during the pressing process. When push rod 133 slides downward, it pushes pressure plate 134 to slide, which can form a uniform and controllable extrusion pressure on the coupling agent in cylinder 131, so that the coupling agent can smoothly enter the flow channel 124 through flow hole 135, avoiding the problem of turbulent flow of coupling agent caused by uneven pressure of manual grouting. The top of push rod 133 is fixedly connected to chuck 137, and the inside of chuck 137 is engaged with push rod 136. When push rod 136 is inserted into chuck 137, push rod 136 will push push rod 133 to slide downward. The force arm of push rod 136 saves effort to press down pressure plate 134, reducing the difficulty of construction operation. A fixing ring 138 is fixedly connected to the top of the sealing cover 132. The outside of the fixing ring 138 is threadedly connected to the inside of the chuck 137. When the chuck 137 rotates, the chuck 137 is screwed and fixed to the outside of the fixing ring 138, thereby fixing the position of the chuck 137 and the push rod 133. This not only prevents the pressure plate 134 from retracting during the grouting process and affecting the grouting effect, but also maintains pressure during the coupling agent solidification stage to ensure the density of the coupling agent filling. The entire extrusion device 13 is integrated into the top of the sleeve 1, eliminating the need for external grouting equipment and simplifying the equipment carrying and operation process for field construction.

[0019] refer to Figure 4 As shown, the sleeve 1 is equipped with a gap filling device 12 inside. The gap filling device 12 includes multiple flow channels 124 opened inside the sleeve 1. The multiple flow channels 124 are located directly below the multiple flow holes 135. The multiple flow channels 124 correspond to the multiple flow holes 135 directly below, which allows the coupling agent delivered by the extrusion device 13 to flow in a directional manner along the flow channels 124. Multiple spray holes 125 are opened inside the sleeve 1 near the flow channels 124. The spray holes 125 correspond to the arrangement positions of the piezoelectric unit 4 and the piezoresistive unit 5, so that the coupling agent is sprayed into the gap between the sensing unit and the hole wall after passing through the flow channels 124, thereby realizing the point injection of the coupling agent. Multiple retaining rings 121 are fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve 1. The retaining rings 121 effectively limit and guide the sprayed coupling agent, forcing the coupling agent to fill the internal space of the retaining rings 121 and cover the key gaps between the piezoelectric unit 4, the piezoresistive unit 5 and the soil. Multiple vent holes 122 are opened at both the upper and lower ends of the retaining rings 121. When the coupling agent is sprayed from the spray hole 125, the retaining rings 121 will restrict the flow direction of the coupling agent, so that the coupling agent fills the interior of the retaining rings 121 to cover the gaps between the piezoelectric unit 4, the piezoresistive unit 5 and the soil. A horn groove 123 is provided on the side of the vent 122 facing the inside of the retaining ring 121. When the air in the gap is squeezed during the filling of the coupling agent, the horn groove 123 not only prevents the coupling agent from blocking the vent 122, but also guides the air to be discharged quickly and smoothly from the vent 122, eliminating the residual air bubbles in the gap, ensuring that the coupling agent is tightly bonded to the sensing unit and the rock and soil of the borehole wall, and improving the accuracy of signal acquisition. At the same time, the coordinated design of the retaining ring 121 and the grouting device 12 greatly improves the controllability and compactness of the coupling agent filling.

[0020] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, a limiting device 14 is provided on the outside of the sleeve 1. The limiting device 14 includes four barbs 141 that are rotatably connected to the inside of the sleeve 1. A locking block 142 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the barb 141. The locking block 142 can squeeze the hole wall. When the locking block 142 is under force, it will drive the barb 141 to rotate. A placement groove 143 is provided inside the sleeve 1 near the position of the barb 141. The barb 141 is inserted into the inside of the placement groove 143. Under normal conditions, most of the structure of the barb 141 is stored in the placement groove 143, which can effectively reduce the situation of the barb 141 scraping and getting stuck with the hole wall when the device is lowered into the monitoring hole. Multiple connecting rods 144 are fixedly connected to the outside of the chuck 137. Threaded rings 145 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the multiple connecting rods 144. The threaded rings 145 are externally threaded to the inside of multiple barbs 141. Threaded grooves 146 are provided at the top of the barbs 141. The threaded rings 145 engage with the barbs 141 through the threaded grooves 146. When the chuck 137 rotates, it drives the connecting rods 144 to rotate. The connecting rods 144 drive the threaded rings 145 to rotate, causing the threaded rings 145 to rotate into the threaded grooves 146 of the unfolded barbs 141, thereby fixing the position of the barbs 141.

[0021] This embodiment also discloses a method for using the integrated monitoring device for micro-deformation and vibration of landslides based on a piezoelectric array, including the following steps: Step 1: Drill a monitoring hole matching the diameter of sleeve 1 in the landslide monitoring area. Vertically hoist the device into the monitoring hole to the preset monitoring depth. Use the barb 141 of the external limiting device 14 of sleeve 1 to initially engage with the hole wall to temporarily fix the device, ensuring that sleeve 1 remains vertical and that the piezoelectric unit 4 and piezoresistive unit 5 are in the same position relative to the hole wall. Step 2: Unscrew the sealing cap 132 at the top of the cylinder 131, fill the cylinder 131 with a suitable geo-coupling agent, and after filling, thread the sealing cap 132 back onto the top of the cylinder 131 to ensure the sealing performance of the cylinder 131 and prevent the coupling agent from leaking. Step 3: Engage the push rod 136 into the chuck 137, and push the push rod 136 downward to drive the push rod 133 and the pressure plate 134 to slide inside the cylinder 131, compressing the coupling agent inside the cylinder 131. This causes the coupling agent to enter the internal flow channel 124 of the sleeve 1 through the flow hole 135 at the bottom of the cylinder 131, and finally spray out from the spray hole 125 of the sleeve 1 into the gap between the sleeve 1 and the hole wall. Under the limiting action of the retaining ring 121, the coupling agent sprayed out from the spray hole 125 fills the internal space of the retaining ring 121, covering the gap between the piezoelectric unit 4, the piezoresistive unit 5 and the soil. Step 4: During the filling process of the coupling agent inside the retaining ring 121, the air in the gap is squeezed out. The air is discharged through the vent holes 122 at both ends of the retaining ring 121. The horn groove 123 inside the vent hole 122 guides the air to flow out smoothly, avoiding the formation of air bubbles. The pressure is continued until the coupling agent slightly overflows from the gap between the retaining ring 121 and the hole wall, ensuring that the coupling agent fully fills the gap, so that the piezoelectric unit 4 and the piezoresistive unit 5 are tightly bonded to the rock and soil through the coupling agent. Step 5: During the coupling agent solidification process, the rotating chuck 137 drives the connecting rod 144 and the threaded ring 145 to rotate. The threaded ring 145 engages with the threaded groove 146 at the top of the barb 141, pushing the barb 141 to rotate around the placement groove 143 and unfold outward, so that the barb 141 is engaged with the monitoring hole wall, thus fixing the device. After the coupling agent has completely solidified, the antenna 8 in the receiving cavity 11 of the fixed cylinder 6 wakes up the internal control box 7 and the piezoelectric and piezoresistive units 5 of the device. The device begins to collect micro-deformation and vibration data of the landslide body and transmits the data to the receiving equipment on the ground through the antenna 8, thus completing the start-up of the monitoring system. Step 6: The piezoelectric array collects vibration signals inside the landslide body and extracts vibration amplitude, frequency and energy characteristic parameters. The piezoresistive array collects micro-deformation signals inside the landslide body and obtains strain change information at different depths. The control box 7 performs fusion analysis on the piezoelectric and piezoresistive signals to establish the deformation-vibration response characteristics of the landslide body. Based on the deformation-vibration response characteristics, the stable stage, accelerated deformation stage and instability warning stage of the landslide body are identified.

[0022] Working principle of the invention: The whole device is lowered along the monitoring hole. When the sleeve 1 moves downward, the locking block 142 will contact the hole wall. The locking block 142 is forced to drive the barb 141 to rotate. The barb 141 rotates out from the placement groove 143. After the barb 141 unfolds, it will be inserted into the hole wall. After the device is in place, the coupling agent injection operation begins. First, the push rod 136 is snapped into the inside of the chuck 137. Pushing the push rod 136 downwards causes the push rod 133 to slide vertically along the sealing cover 132. The sealing cover 132 provides a stable guide for the push rod 133, so that the push rod 133 pushes the pressure plate 134 to move smoothly downwards in the cylinder 131. Under the action of the extrusion pressure, the coupling agent flows out from the flow hole 135 at the bottom of the cylinder 131 and enters the flow channel 124 directly opposite to it inside the sleeve 1. After being guided by the flow channel 124, it is sprayed out from the nozzle 125 at the corresponding positions of the piezoelectric unit 4 and the piezoresistive unit 5, realizing the fixed-point injection of coupling agent into the gap between the sensing unit and the hole wall. After the coupling agent is sprayed from the nozzle 125, the retaining ring 121 outside the sleeve 1 forms a strict limit and guide, forcing the coupling agent to flow and fill only in the space inside the retaining ring 121, covering the key gaps between the piezoelectric unit 4, the piezoresistive unit 5 and the soil and rock. As the coupling agent gradually fills the space inside the retaining ring 121, it will continuously squeeze the air in the gap. Under the action of the squeezing force, the air moves to the upper and lower ends of the retaining ring 121 and is discharged through the exhaust hole 122. The horn groove 123 inside the exhaust hole 122 can effectively prevent the coupling agent from clogging the channel, while guiding the air to be discharged quickly and smoothly, eliminating the residual air bubbles in the gap. After the coupling agent is injected, the chuck 137 is rotated so that it screws down along the fixing ring 138 on the top of the sealing cover 132, thereby fixing the positions of the chuck 137, push rod 133 and pressure plate 134 and preventing the pressure plate 134 from retracting. During the coagulation stage, the extrusion pressure is maintained to further ensure the filling density. When the chuck 137 rotates, it will drive the external connecting rod 144 to rotate synchronously. The connecting rod 144 drives the bottom threaded ring 145 to rotate. The threaded ring 145 is threadedly engaged with the threaded groove 146 on the top of the barb 141. The threaded ring 145 can fix the angle of the barb 141, thereby completing the mechanical fixation of the device. Combined with the adhesive effect after the coupling agent solidifies, a dual fixation effect of mechanical fixation and coupling agent adhesion is formed. After the device is fixed and formed, the cross support frame 10 provides stable support for all components inside the sleeve 1. The four batteries 3 stored in the cross support frame 10 continuously power the entire device. The control box 7 inside the fixed cylinder 6 starts working, activating the piezoelectric unit 4 and the piezoresistive unit 5 inside the sleeve 1. The integrated sensing module of piezoresistive, piezoelectric and piezoresistive, formed by the piezoelectric unit 4 and the piezoresistive units 5 at the upper and lower ends, is tightly bonded to the rock and soil body through a dense coupling agent. It synchronously captures the static micro-deformation and dynamic vibration signals of the landslide body. After the collected signals are processed by the control box 7, they are transmitted to the antenna 8 inside the storage cavity 11 of the fixed cylinder 6. The antenna 8 maintains a stable signal transmission angle and transmission path under physical protection, effectively avoiding external interference, and stably and in real time transmits the monitoring data to the surface receiving equipment, realizing multi-dimensional integrated monitoring of landslide micro-deformation and vibration.

[0023] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function, comprising a sleeve (1) and a grouting device (12), characterized in that: The top of the sleeve (1) is fixedly mounted with a base (2), and a cross support frame (10) is fixedly connected inside the sleeve (1). Four batteries (3) are fixedly installed inside the cross support frame (10). Multiple piezoelectric units (4) are fixedly installed inside the sleeve (1). The multiple piezoelectric units (4) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the sleeve (1) to form a piezoelectric array. The spacing between adjacent piezoelectric units (4) is 50 to 500 mm. Each piezoelectric unit (4) is fixedly connected to a piezoresistive unit (5) at both ends. The corresponding piezoelectric unit (4) and piezoresistive unit (5) form a piezoelectric and piezoresistive monitoring node. Multiple piezoelectric and piezoresistive monitoring nodes are distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve (1) to form a piezoelectric-piezoresistive array. Within the same monitoring node, the piezoelectric unit (4) and piezoresistive unit (5) are arranged along the axial direction of the sleeve (1) in the same depth range to synchronously acquire vibration signals and micro-deformation signals at the same depth position of the landslide body, so as to realize the coupled monitoring of dynamic vibration and static deformation. A fixing cylinder (6) is embedded inside the sleeve (1), a control box (7) is fixedly installed inside the fixing cylinder (6), a storage cavity (11) is opened inside the fixing cylinder (6), an antenna (8) is fixedly installed inside the storage cavity (11), and a groove (9) is opened at the bottom of the fixing cylinder (6). The top of the sleeve (1) is provided with an extrusion device (13), the extrusion device (13) includes a cylinder (131) fixedly installed on the top of the sleeve (1), the top of the cylinder (131) is threaded with a sealing cap (132), the inside of the cylinder (131) is slidably connected with a pressure plate (134), and the bottom of the cylinder (131) is provided with multiple flow holes (135). The sleeve (1) is provided with a grouting device (12) inside. The grouting device (12) includes multiple flow channels (124) opened inside the sleeve (1). The multiple flow channels (124) are located directly below multiple flow holes (135). Multiple spray holes (125) are opened inside the sleeve (1) near the flow channels (124). The sleeve (1) is provided with a limiting device (14) on the outside. The push rod (133) of the extrusion device (13) is connected to the limiting device (14) in a transmission structure. When the extrusion coupling agent is working, the limiting device (14) is driven to open outward and clamp the monitoring hole wall, so as to realize the integrated linkage operation of grouting coupling and device anchoring.

2. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple retaining rings (121) are fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve (1). Multiple vent holes (122) are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the retaining rings (121). When the coupling agent is sprayed out from the nozzle (125), the retaining rings (121) will restrict the flow direction of the coupling agent, so that the coupling agent fills the interior of the retaining rings (121) to cover the gap between the piezoelectric unit (4), the piezoresistive unit (5) and the soil. The vent holes (122) are provided with horn grooves (123) on the side facing the interior of the retaining rings (121). When the coupling agent flows, the coupling agent squeezes the air and allows the air to be discharged through the vent holes (122).

3. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A push rod (133) is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure plate (134). The outside of the push rod (133) and the inside of the sealing cover (132) are in sliding fit. When the push rod (133) slides downward, it pushes the pressure plate (134) to slide, allowing the coupling agent to enter the flow channel (124) through the flow hole (135). A chuck (137) is fixedly connected to the top of the push rod (133). A push rod (136) is engaged inside the chuck (137). When the push rod (136)... When the push rod (136) is inserted into the chuck (137), it will push the push rod (133) to slide downward, so that the push rod (133) slides inside the sealing cover (132). The top of the sealing cover (132) is fixedly connected to the fixing ring (138). The outside of the fixing ring (138) is threadedly connected to the inside of the chuck (137). When the chuck (137) rotates, the chuck (137) rotates to the outside of the fixing ring (138), so that the position of the chuck (137) is fixed.

4. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sleeve (1) is provided with a limiting device (14) on the outside. The limiting device (14) includes four barbs (141) that are rotatably connected to the inside of the sleeve (1). The side wall of the barb (141) is fixedly connected with a locking block (142). The inside of the sleeve (1) near the barb (141) is provided with a placement groove (143), and the barb (141) is inserted into the inside of the placement groove (143).

5. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The chuck (137) is externally fixedly connected to a plurality of connecting rods (144), and the bottom of the plurality of connecting rods (144) is fixedly connected to a threaded ring (145). The threaded ring (145) is externally connected to the internal threads of a plurality of barbs (141). The top of the barb (141) is provided with a threaded groove (146), and the threaded ring (145) is threadedly engaged with the barb (141) through the threaded groove (146).

6. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control box (7) is electrically connected to the piezoelectric unit (4) and the piezoresistive unit (5) respectively, and is used to synchronously acquire vibration signals and strain signals.

7. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control box (7) performs time synchronization processing on the dynamic vibration signal collected by the piezoelectric unit (4) and the static deformation signal collected by the piezoresistive unit (5), and generates vibration-deformation coupling response characteristic data at the corresponding depth position.

8. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The retaining ring (121) forms a closed coupling cavity with the monitoring hole wall. The coupling agent sprayed from the nozzle (125) fills the closed coupling cavity and forms a continuous coupling layer to improve the vibration transmission efficiency between the piezoelectric unit (4) and the soil and the deformation transmission efficiency between the piezoresistive unit (5) and the soil.

9. The piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control box (7) constructs a landslide stability evaluation index based on the vibration energy characteristic parameters collected by the piezoelectric unit (4) and the strain change parameters collected by the piezoresistive unit (5) obtained synchronously from the same monitoring node, and outputs early warning information based on the landslide stability evaluation index.

10. A method of using a piezoelectric resistive array landslide monitoring device with self-coupling anchoring function as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Drill a monitoring hole matching the diameter of the sleeve (1) in the landslide monitoring area. Vertically hoist the device into the monitoring hole to the preset monitoring depth. Use the barb (141) of the external limiting device (14) of the sleeve (1) to initially engage with the hole wall to achieve temporary fixation of the device, ensuring that the sleeve (1) remains vertical and that the piezoelectric unit (4) and the piezoresistive unit (5) are in the same position relative to the hole wall. Step 2: Unscrew the sealing cap (132) at the top of the cylinder (131), fill the cylinder (131) with a suitable geo-coupling agent, and after filling, thread the sealing cap (132) back to the top of the cylinder (131) to ensure the sealing performance of the cylinder (131) and prevent the coupling agent from leaking. Step 3: Attach the top rod (136) to the inside of the chuck (137), push the top rod (136) downward to drive the push rod (133) and pressure plate (134) to slide inside the cylinder (131), compressing the coupling agent inside the cylinder (131), so that the coupling agent enters the internal flow channel (124) of the sleeve (1) through the flow hole (135) at the bottom of the cylinder (131), and finally sprays out from the nozzle (125) of the sleeve (1) into the gap between the sleeve (1) and the hole wall; the coupling agent sprayed out from the nozzle (125) fills the space inside the retaining ring (121) under the limiting action of the retaining ring (121), covering the gap between the piezoelectric unit (4), the piezoresistive unit (5) and the soil; Step 4: During the filling process of the coupling agent inside the retaining ring (121), the air in the gap is squeezed out. The air is discharged through the vent holes (122) at both ends of the retaining ring (121). The horn groove (123) inside the vent hole (122) guides the air to flow out smoothly, avoiding the formation of air bubbles. The pressure is continued until the coupling agent slightly overflows from the gap between the retaining ring (121) and the hole wall, ensuring that the coupling agent fully fills the gap, so that the piezoelectric unit (4) and the piezoresistive unit (5) are tightly attached to the rock and soil through the coupling agent. Step 5: During the coupling solidification process, the rotating chuck (137) drives the connecting rod (144) and the threaded ring (145) to rotate. The threaded ring (145) engages with the threaded groove (146) at the top of the barb (141), pushing the barb (141) to rotate around the placement groove (143) and unfold outward, so that the barb (141) is engaged on the wall of the monitoring hole, thus fixing the device. After the coupling is completely solidified, the antenna (8) in the storage cavity (11) of the fixed cylinder (6) wakes up the internal control box (7) and the piezoelectric and piezoresistive units (5) of the device. The device begins to collect micro-deformation and vibration data of the landslide body and transmits the data to the receiving equipment on the ground through the antenna (8), thus completing the start-up of the monitoring system. Step 6: The piezoelectric array collects vibration signals inside the landslide body and extracts vibration amplitude, frequency and energy characteristic parameters. The piezoresistive array collects micro-deformation signals inside the landslide body and obtains strain change information at different depth locations. The control box (7) performs fusion analysis on the piezoelectric signals and piezoresistive signals collected from the same depth node to establish the deformation-vibration response characteristics of the landslide body. Based on the deformation-vibration response characteristics, the stable stage, accelerated deformation stage and instability warning stage of the landslide body are identified.

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