Bridge scouring and float coupling simulation test device and method

Abstract

The application provides a bridge scouring and floating object coupling simulation test device and method, belongs to the field of bridge engineering water damage simulation test, and is used for solving the problem that there is a lack of simulation means for the flood scouring and floating object water blocking feedback process, resulting in a large deviation between the test scene and the real flood environment; the device comprises a scouring mechanism, a water permeable intercepting part arranged on the upstream of a bridge model and intercepting floating objects; an aggregation state detection assembly for acquiring floating object aggregation state data in front of the water permeable intercepting part; a control module for dynamically adjusting the intercepting height of the water permeable intercepting part based on the floating object aggregation state data; a displacement detection part for acquiring the lateral displacement data of the top of the bridge model pier; and a stress detection part for acquiring the multi-dimensional stress data of the bottom of the bridge model pile; the real reproduction of the scouring and floating object accumulation dynamic coupling process and the accurate evaluation of the lateral stability of the bridge are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge engineering water damage simulation test, and in particular relates to a bridge scour and floating object coupled simulation test device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Bridges are critical infrastructure in transportation networks, and their safety directly impacts the smooth flow of traffic and the safety of people's lives and property. However, frequent bridge damage due to flooding poses a serious threat to these vital transportation infrastructures. With the intensification of climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (such as floods caused by torrential rains) have increased significantly, posing even more severe challenges to bridges located in flood-prone areas.

[0003] Flood erosion and the impact and accumulation of floating debris are the two main causes of bridge foundation damage. During floods, water flow erodes the riverbed sediment around the bridge foundation, causing localized erosion, leading to foundation exposure and reduced load-bearing capacity. Simultaneously, floating debris such as trees and boats carried by the flood impacts and accumulates in front of the piers, altering the local flow field at the bridge site and further exacerbating the risk of foundation instability. Existing research indicates that the accumulation of floating debris in front of the piers not only affects the stress on the piers but also influences the erosion depth and water flow velocity, with complex interactions among these three factors.

[0004] Existing experimental techniques typically treat flood scouring and floating debris impact as two separate scenarios. However, in real flood environments, the accumulation of floating debris in front of bridge piers alters the local water resistance ratio, causing water level rise and velocity redistribution, which intensifies riverbed scouring and creates a complex dynamic coupling feedback mechanism. Current experimental setups lack methods to simulate this dynamic water resistance feedback process, resulting in significant deviations between the experimental scenarios and real flood environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device and method to solve the problem that the prior art lacks a means to simulate the feedback process of flood scour and floating object water obstruction, resulting in a large deviation between the test scenario and the real flood environment.

[0006] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a bridge scour and floating debris coupling simulation test device, comprising: a scour mechanism, disposed upstream of a bridge model, configured to inject water flow into a water tank to simulate flood scour; a permeable interceptor, disposed upstream of the bridge model, configured to intercept floating debris while allowing water flow; an aggregation state detection component, configured to acquire floating debris aggregation state data in front of the permeable interceptor; a control module, communicatively connected to the aggregation state detection component and the permeable interceptor, configured to dynamically adjust the interception height of the permeable interceptor based on the floating debris aggregation state data to simulate the evolution process of the floating debris accumulation; a displacement detection component, configured to acquire lateral displacement data of the pier tops of the bridge model; and a stress detection component, configured to acquire multi-dimensional stress data of the pile bottoms of the bridge model.

[0007] Optionally, the permeable interceptor is an interceptor plate with a mesh structure, and the permeable interceptor is connected to a lifting mechanism; the aggregation state detection component includes: a first detection unit configured to monitor the thickness of floating debris accumulation in front of the permeable interceptor; and a second detection unit configured to monitor the water pressure on the water-facing surface of the bridge model.

[0008] Optionally, the lifting mechanism includes a first driving component, a lead screw, a connecting component, and a guide component. The output end of the first driving component is connected to the lead screw, and the lead screw is connected to the connecting component via a lead screw nut. The connecting component is fixed to the top of the permeable interceptor. The permeable interceptor and the guide component are slidably connected vertically. The first detection unit is a laser ranging probe, which is mounted on top of the permeable interceptor via a bracket and configured to obtain the thickness of the floating debris accumulation by measuring the height difference during the accumulation process. The second detection unit is a flexible thin-film pressure sensor, which is attached to the water-facing surface of the bridge model pier and configured to sense dynamic water pressure to obtain water pressure.

[0009] Optionally, it also includes a universal adapter connection system, which includes a guide rail and a bracket; the guide is disposed on the bracket; the bracket is provided with a groove, and the bracket is configured to engage with the guide rail through the groove to fix the water-permeable interceptor, the aggregation state detection component, and the displacement detection component in the water tank.

[0010] Optionally, the guide rail is installed on the water tank, and after the bracket and the guide rail are engaged, they are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0011] Optionally, the displacement detection device is configured to measure the horizontal displacement of the bridge model in the downstream and transverse directions of the water flow; the force detection device is a six-dimensional force sensor, configured to simultaneously measure the force and torque of the bridge model in three orthogonal directions.

[0012] Optionally, the displacement detection device includes two sets of laser displacement gauges, which are symmetrically arranged on the top of the piers of the bridge model, pointing in the direction of downstream and cross-current respectively; the stress detection device is embedded in the bottom of the pile foundation of the bridge model, and the stress detection device integrates multiple sets of strain gauges, configured to monitor the lateral force and moment, longitudinal force and moment and vertical force and moment at the bottom of the pile foundation in real time, and transmit the monitoring data to the data acquisition terminal, which is configured to evaluate the lateral stability safety margin of the bridge model based on the lateral force and moment.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a float release unit, which includes a launch mechanism, which includes a second drive member, a cam, a push rod, and a spring; the second drive member is configured to drive the cam to rotate, the profile surface of the cam contacts a protrusion on the push rod, and the push rod is configured to compress the spring under the drive of the cam and move forward when the spring is released to launch the float.

[0014] Optionally, the ejection mechanism also includes a base and a platform. The platform is slidably disposed in a groove in the base. A spring is sleeved on the outside of the push rod. One end of the spring is connected to a step of the push rod, and the other end is connected to a spring stop block fixed to the end of the base. The platform is located in front of the push rod and is configured to carry the floating object to be released.

[0015] On the other hand, a method for simulating bridge scour and floating debris coupling is also provided, including the bridge scour and floating debris coupling simulation device as described above, and further including: setting a permeable interceptor upstream of the bridge model; releasing floating debris and acquiring the floating debris aggregation state data in front of the permeable interceptor through an aggregation state detection component; dynamically adjusting the interception height of the permeable interceptor based on the floating debris aggregation state data through a control module to simulate the evolution and collapse process of the floating debris accumulation; and collecting the lateral displacement data of the pier top and the multi-dimensional stress data of the pile bottom of the bridge model through displacement detection components and stress detection components, respectively.

[0016] As described above, the bridge scour and floating debris coupling simulation test device and method of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: By constructing a closed-loop feedback system consisting of a permeable interceptor, an accumulation state detection component, and a control module located upstream of the bridge model, the technical problems of separating operational condition simulation and neglecting physical feedback of water obstruction in traditional tests are solved. Its principle lies in using sensors to perceive the floating debris accumulation state in real time and dynamically adjusting the flow area of ​​the interceptor accordingly. This actively reconstructs a dynamic feedback loop in the physical model where "accumulation leads to increased water obstruction, water obstruction causes changes in flow velocity, and changes in flow velocity affect scour and accumulation," significantly improving the consistency between the test scenario and the real flood environment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall structure of the bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 Displayed as Figure 1 An enlarged diagram of point A in the diagram.

[0019] Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the floating object release unit.

[0020] Component designation explanation: 10. Water-permeable barrier components, 20. Aggregation state detection component; 21. First detection unit; 30. Displacement detection components 40. Lifting mechanism; 41. First driving component; 42. Lead screw; 43. Guide component. 50. Universal adapter connection system; 51. Guide rail; 52. Bracket. 60. Floating object release unit; 61. Second drive unit; 62. Cam; 63. Push rod; 64. Spring; 65. Base; 66. Platform; 67. Housing. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0022] Please refer to all the accompanying drawings below. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0023] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. These embodiments can be combined and are not limited to the content shown in any single embodiment below.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-3This invention provides a bridge scour and floating debris coupling simulation test device, which is mainly used to reproduce the dynamic coupling process of flood scour and floating debris accumulation in a physical water tank environment. The device includes a scour mechanism (not shown in the figure), a permeable interceptor 10, an accumulation state detection component 20, a control module, a displacement detection component 30, and a force detection component 40.

[0025] The scouring mechanism is located upstream of the bridge model and is configured to inject water into the tank to simulate flood scouring. The scouring mechanism may include a water supply tank, a water supply pump, and a flow regulating valve. The water supply pump is connected to the water supply tank and the flow regulating valve, which is connected to the tank. Water is drawn from the water supply tank by the water supply pump and injected into the tank through the flow regulating valve. The flow regulating valve is used to adjust the water flow rate, thereby simulating flood scouring conditions of different intensities within the tank.

[0026] A permeable interceptor 10 is positioned upstream of the bridge model, configured to intercept floating debris while allowing water flow. Specifically, the permeable interceptor 10 is spatially located in front of the water-facing side of the bridge model, maintaining a preset distance between them to form a floating debris accumulation area. The permeable interceptor 10 is permeable, enabling it to prevent floating debris from drifting downstream while ensuring continuous water flow, thereby constructing a preliminary floating debris accumulation structure in front of the interceptor that conforms to a real flood scenario. It should be understood that the specific form of the permeable interceptor 10 can be a perforated plate, a grid, or other permeable barrier structure, as long as it can achieve the function of intercepting floating debris and allowing water to pass through; this embodiment does not specifically limit this. By placing the permeable interceptor 10 upstream, the device can independently simulate the disturbance of the water flow environment in the bridge site area caused by floating debris accumulation without changing the structure of the bridge model itself, providing a physical basis for the subsequent coupling effect.

[0027] The aggregation state detection component 20 is configured to acquire data on the aggregation state of floating objects in front of the permeable interceptor 10. Specifically, the sensing area of ​​the aggregation state detection component 20 covers the upstream side of the permeable interceptor 10, and is used to capture the accumulation degree or morphological changes of floating objects in this area in real time. This directional monitoring of the area in front of the interceptor can directly reflect the development status of the accumulation, providing accurate data input for subsequent dynamic adjustment, and avoiding the feedback lag problem caused by only monitoring the water flow parameters at the bridge pier.

[0028] The control module is communicatively connected to the aggregation state detection component 20 and the permeable interceptor 10. It is configured to dynamically adjust the interception height of the permeable interceptor 10 based on the floating debris aggregation state data to simulate the evolution of the floating debris accumulation. Specifically, the control module can be a control module composed of a PLC or similar control board. It receives real-time data from the aggregation state detection component 20 and outputs adjustment commands according to preset control logic, driving the permeable interceptor 10 to change its effective blocking height in the water flow. This dynamic adjustment is not a simple mechanical raising or lowering, but an active physical reconstruction of the natural evolution process of the floating debris accumulation. For example, when an increase in accumulation is detected, the interception height is adjusted to simulate the reduction in flow area and increase in water resistance caused by the thickening of the accumulation; when the accumulation collapses, the adjustment is reversed to restore flow capacity. This closed-loop adjustment mechanism based on real-time sensing enables the device to reproduce the dynamic hydraulic feedback cycle of "accumulation-water resistance-velocity redistribution-re-accumulation / collapse" in a fixed-flow-rate tank simply by changing its own structure, solving the technical problems of static operating conditions and lack of feedback in traditional experiments.

[0029] The displacement sensor 30 is configured to acquire lateral displacement data of the bridge model's pier tops. Specifically, the displacement sensor 30 monitors the deformation response of the bridge model in the horizontal direction, particularly the lateral displacement perpendicular to the water flow direction. Under the combined effects of scouring and debris accumulation, bridge foundations often bear complex eccentric loads, leading to significant lateral displacement at the pier tops, which is one of the key indicators for assessing the lateral stability of a bridge.

[0030] The stress detection component 40 is configured to acquire multi-dimensional stress data of the pile base of the bridge model. Specifically, the stress detection component 40 can simultaneously collect stress information of multiple degrees of freedom at the pile base, including but not limited to horizontal force, vertical force, and bending moment. The multi-dimensional stress data of the pile base reveals the complex load state transmitted from the superstructure to the foundation. In particular, when the accumulation of floating objects causes an enhancement of the lateral component of water flow, the change in the bending moment at the pile base directly reflects the overturning resistance of the foundation.

[0031] Through the collaborative work of the aforementioned components, this embodiment constructs a complete coupled simulation and monitoring framework. The permeable interceptor 10, the aggregation state detection component 20, and the control module together constitute a dynamic water-blocking feedback subsystem, realistically reproducing the evolution of the floating debris accumulation and its dynamic impact on the water flow environment over time. The displacement detection component 30 and the stress detection component 40 constitute a lateral stability assessment subsystem, accurately capturing the key response indicators of the bridge under coupled action in a mechanical dimension. The two subsystems operate in parallel within the same experimental time and space, achieving a deep integration of hydraulic environment simulation and structural response monitoring, providing a high-fidelity experimental platform for revealing the mechanism of bridge water damage.

[0032] In one implementation, the permeable interceptor 10 is an interceptor plate with a mesh structure, and the permeable interceptor 10 is connected to a lifting mechanism 40. The interceptor plate is made of high-strength lightweight alloy material, and its surface is uniformly distributed with mesh holes of a preset size. This mesh structure can effectively intercept floating objects while allowing water flow to pass through at a specific permeability, thereby physically simulating the permeability characteristics of accumulated debris such as branches and other objects in a real flood scenario. It should be understood that although a mesh plate is preferably used in this embodiment, in other implementations, the permeable interceptor 10 can also be replaced with a barrier structure with permeability, such as a grid plate, a perforated plate, or a slotted screen, as long as it can achieve the function of intercepting floating objects and maintaining a certain flow capacity. The lifting mechanism 40 is used to drive the interceptor plate to adjust its position in the vertical direction. By changing the effective blocking height of the interceptor plate in the water flow, the flow area and water blocking ratio are directly adjusted, which is the physical basis for realizing dynamic water blocking feedback.

[0033] In one implementation, the aggregation state detection component 20 includes a first detection unit 21 and a second detection unit (not shown in the figure). The first detection unit 21 is configured to monitor the thickness of the floating debris accumulation in front of the permeable interceptor 10, and the second detection unit is configured to monitor the water pressure on the water-facing surface of the bridge model. The accumulation thickness reflects the geometric evolution of the floating debris accumulation, while the water pressure directly characterizes the change in hydraulic load caused by the accumulation. The two complement each other, enabling a more comprehensive and accurate depiction of the real-time state of the "accumulation-water blocking" coupling effect, avoiding misjudgments or lags that may result from a single parameter.

[0034] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism 40 includes a first driving member 41, a lead screw 42, a connecting member (not shown in the figure), and a guide member 43. The output end of the first driving member 41 is connected to the lead screw 42, and the lead screw 42 is connected to the connecting member through a lead screw nut. The connecting member is fixed to the top of the permeable interceptor 10. The permeable interceptor 10 and the guide member 43 are slidably connected vertically. The first driving member 41 is mounted on the top crossbeam, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the lead screw 42. The connecting member is fixedly connected to the top of the interceptor plate. When the first driving member 41 rotates under the command of the control module, it drives the lead screw 42 to rotate, thereby driving the connecting member and the interceptor plate to move up and down along the vertical slide rail. This embodiment adopts a lead screw drive method, which has higher displacement control accuracy and response speed compared to hydraulic or pneumatic drive. Moreover, the lead screw nut pair itself has a self-locking characteristic, which can keep the position of the interceptor plate unchanged in the state of power failure or shutdown, preventing height drift caused by water flow impact, and ensuring the stability and repeatability of the test conditions. The guide component 43 restricts the degree of freedom of the interceptor plate, ensuring that it can only move smoothly in the vertical direction, thus avoiding jamming or deflection during the lifting process.

[0035] In one implementation, the first detection unit 21 is a laser ranging probe, which is mounted above the permeable interceptor 10 via a bracket. It is configured to obtain the thickness of the floating debris accumulation by measuring the height difference during the accumulation process. Specifically, the laser ranging probe can be an accumulation volume sensor, suspended directly above the upstream side of the interceptor plate, emitting a laser beam downwards and receiving reflected signals. Due to its non-contact measurement principle, the probe is completely unaffected by turbid water flow, air bubbles, or surface fluctuations, and can penetrate the water surface to directly obtain the top elevation data of the floating debris accumulation layer below. By calculating the difference between the current elevation and the initial riverbed elevation in real time, the accumulation thickness can be accurately obtained. This arrangement ensures the continuity of data acquisition while avoiding the risk of sensor damage from impacts by floating debris.

[0036] In one implementation, the second detection unit is a flexible thin-film pressure sensor. This sensor is attached to the water-facing surface of the bridge pier model and configured to sense dynamic water pressure to obtain water pressure. The water-resistant pressure thin-film sensor is tightly attached to the curved surface of the pier's water-facing side. Compared to traditional rigid pressure cells, the flexible thin-film sensor has a thinner profile and superior flexibility, allowing it to conform to the curved contours of the bridge pier model without disturbing the local flow field due to protrusion, thus ensuring the accuracy of the pressure measurement. Simultaneously, this sensor possesses high-frequency dynamic response characteristics, enabling it to sensitively capture transient dynamic water pressure pulsations caused by the accumulation and collapse of floating debris, providing a high-fidelity hydraulic feedback signal to the control module.

[0037] In this embodiment, the aforementioned components together constitute a complete "structure-sensing-execution" closed-loop feedback system. The control module receives real-time data on the accumulation thickness from the accumulation sensor and water pressure data from the water-blocking pressure film sensor. When the accumulation thickness exceeds a preset threshold or the water pressure rises abnormally, the control module determines that the floating debris accumulation has entered a significant water-blocking stage, and then outputs a control signal to activate the first drive unit 41, adjusting the height of the interceptor plate. For example, the height of the interceptor plate is lowered to reduce the flow area, simulating the increase in water blocking ratio and water level rise caused by the thickening of the accumulation; or the height of the interceptor plate is raised during the simulated collapse stage to restore the flow capacity.

[0038] In one implementation, the displacement detection device 30 is configured to measure the horizontal displacement of the bridge model in the downstream and transverse directions of the water flow. The displacement detection device 30 includes two sets of laser displacement gauges, which are arranged at the pier tops of the bridge model. One set of laser displacement gauges has its measurement axis parallel to the water flow direction, used to capture longitudinal displacement in the downstream direction; the other set of laser displacement gauges has its measurement axis perpendicular to the water flow direction, used to capture lateral displacement in the transverse direction of the water flow. This arrangement has dual technical advantages: firstly, by independently measuring the two orthogonal components, the planar motion trajectory of the pier top under complex coupled loads can be completely reconstructed, avoiding the defect of missing key lateral deformations that may occur with single-direction measurements; secondly, it helps to eliminate measurement errors caused by sensor installation eccentricity or model torsion, ensuring that the acquired displacement data truly reflects the overall lateral response characteristics of the bridge.

[0039] In one implementation, the force detection component 40 is a six-dimensional force sensor configured to simultaneously measure the forces and moments of the bridge model in three orthogonal directions. Further, the force detection component 40 is embedded in the bottom of the pile foundation of the bridge model. Multiple strain gauges are integrated within the force detection component 40, configured to monitor the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical forces and moments at the pile foundation in real time, and transmit the monitoring data to a data acquisition terminal. This embedded installation ensures that the sensor becomes part of the pile foundation structure, directly sensing and transmitting the interaction forces between the pile bottom and the riverbed sediment, avoiding the mechanical transmission distortion caused by changes in boundary conditions in externally mounted sensors. The multiple strain gauges integrated within the sensor form a Wheatstone bridge network, capable of rapidly and synchronously calculating the forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and moments (Mx, My, Mz) in the three orthogonal directions. Under the combined effects of scouring and floating debris accumulation, the load state at the bottom of the pile is extremely complex. In particular, the transverse shear force Fx and transverse bending moment My are often the key disaster factors that lead to pile foundation fracture or overturning. The full-component measurement capability of the six-dimensional force sensor provides an indispensable data foundation for revealing this complex force mechanism.

[0040] In one embodiment, the device further includes a floating object release unit 60, which includes a launching mechanism comprising a second drive member 61, a cam 62, a push rod 63, and a spring 64. The floating object release unit 60 is configured to provide a floating object model with a consistent initial motion state into the water tank to simulate the initial conditions of upstream floating debris impacting or accumulating on bridge piers during a flood. The second drive member 61, serving as a power source, is installed inside the device housing, and its output shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the cam 62. The push rod 63 has a protruding structure whose position corresponds to the contour surface of the cam 62, allowing the cam 62 to convert the rotational motion of the second drive member 61 into the linear reciprocating motion of the push rod 63 through contact engagement between its contour surface and the protruding structure during rotation. Spring 64, acting as an energy storage element, is compressed and accumulates elastic potential energy when push rod 63 is pushed backward by cam 62. As cam 62 continues to rotate past its highest point, spring 64 releases its energy, driving push rod 63 forward at high speed, thus achieving the ejection release of the floating object. This mechanical automatic release design based on a cam-spring mechanism, compared to traditional manual deployment or simple gravity-based methods, can precisely control the initial velocity and starting position of each release, effectively eliminating random errors caused by human operation and ensuring a high degree of consistency in the floating object's entry conditions across multiple comparative experiments. This is crucial for obtaining reliable coupled simulation data.

[0041] Furthermore, the ejection mechanism also includes a base 65 and a platform 66. The platform 66 is slidably disposed within a groove in the base 65. A spring 64 is sleeved on the outside of the push rod 63. One end of the spring 64 is connected to the step of the push rod 63, and the other end is connected to a spring rear stop fixed to the end of the base 65. The platform 66 is located in front of the push rod 63 and is configured to carry the floating object to be released. The platform 66 is embedded in the groove and can only slide axially. This guiding and limiting structure ensures the straightness of the push rod 63 during high-speed ejection and prevents jamming or energy loss due to lateral deviation. The spring 64 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the push rod 63. One end of the spring 64 is connected to the stepped surface of the push rod 63 itself, and the other end is connected to a spring rear stop fixed to the tail of the base 65. The spring rear stop not only provides a fulcrum for the reaction force of the spring 64 compression but also serves as a safety limit to restrict the maximum backward stroke of the push rod 63. Platform 66 is positioned at the front end of the movement path of push rod 63 to smoothly support the floating object model to be released, ensuring that it is in a preset standard posture before being launched. A limit block is provided at the front end of the slide, that is, the end away from the spring stop, to limit the maximum sliding displacement of platform 66 and prevent platform 66 from sliding out of the slide.

[0042] The floating object release unit 60 also includes a housing 67, a second drive member 61, a cam 62, a push rod 63, a spring 64, a base 65, and a platform 66, all housed within the housing 67. The housing 67 is securely mounted to the side wall of the water tank via two L-shaped connectors and bolts. The upper and lower side walls of the housing 67 are each connected to an L-shaped connector, specifically by welding. The vertical sections of the two L-shaped connectors are bolted to the side wall of the water tank to securely mount the housing 67 to the side wall.

[0043] To simulate the different depths of floating objects in floodwaters, multiple sets of floating object release units 60 can be set up, and these sets of floating object release units 60 can be stacked vertically.

[0044] In one implementation, the device also includes a universal adapter connection system 50, which includes a guide rail 51 and a bracket 52; a guide member 43 is disposed on the bracket 52. The bracket 52 has a groove, which is configured to engage with the guide rail 51 to fix the water-permeable interceptor 10, the aggregation state detection component 20, and the displacement detection component 30 within the water tank. Specifically, the guide rail 51 is laid along the length of the water tank and installed on the upper edge of the water tank glass, serving as a standardized installation reference for the entire device. The bracket 52, as the basic framework supporting functional modules such as the water-permeable interceptor 10 and the aggregation state detection component 20, is machined with grooves that match the cross-sectional shape of the guide rail 51. During installation, the operator only needs to align the groove of the bracket 52 with the guide rail 51 and slide it in to achieve rapid initial positioning of each functional module within the water tank. This engaging connection method allows the core test module to be completely decoupled from the specific main structure of the water tank, no longer relying on embedded parts or permanent welding points on the inner wall of the water tank. It should be understood that although this embodiment preferably uses a rectangular cross-section guide rail 51 that mates with the corresponding groove, in other embodiments, T-grooves, dovetail grooves, C-grooves, or other profile structures capable of sliding guidance and limiting functions can also be used, as long as the movable positioning requirements of the module on the water tank can be met. Preferably, multiple grooves can be provided, and the multiple grooves are spaced apart on the bracket 52 to accommodate water tanks of different widths.

[0045] In one implementation, the guide rail 51 is mounted on the water tank, and the bracket 52 is engaged with the guide rail 51 and then fixedly connected by bolts. Specifically, after the bracket 52 is initially engaged and positioned with the guide rail 51 through the groove, the fixing bolts pass through the reserved holes on the bracket 52 and press against the water tank wall to achieve final rigid locking. The design logic of this dual fixing mechanism lies in the division of labor: the engagement structure undertakes the gravity support and horizontal guidance functions of the module, which facilitates the flexible adjustment of the longitudinal coordinates of the interceptor and the sensor according to the position of the bridge model before the test; while the bolt fastening provides the normal constraint force to resist the impact of water flow, vibration and ejection reaction force, preventing the device from displacing, overturning or resonating during the test.

[0046] On the other hand, a method for simulating bridge scour and floating object coupling is also provided, including the above-mentioned bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device, and further including the following steps: In step S100, a permeable interceptor 10 is installed upstream of the bridge model. The permeable interceptor 10 is positioned at a predetermined distance before the water-facing surface of the bridge model, and the area between them is defined as the floating debris accumulation and evolution zone. This spatial arrangement ensures that floating debris can form a preliminary accumulation of a certain scale in front of the permeable interceptor 10 before entering the influence range of the bridge piers, thus providing a physical basis for simulating the disturbance of the accumulation to the water flow environment in the bridge site area. It should be understood that the initial height of the permeable interceptor 10 can be set according to the preset initial water resistance ratio of the experiment, and its permeability ensures that the continuity of water flow is maintained while intercepting floating debris.

[0047] In step S200, floating debris is released, and the aggregation state data of the floating debris in front of the permeable interceptor 10 is acquired through the aggregation state detection component 20. Specifically, this step realizes the excitation and real-time perception of coupled working conditions. Floating debris is released into the water flow at a preset frequency or continuously and gradually accumulates in front of the permeable interceptor 10. At the same time, the aggregation state detection component 20 continuously monitors the physical state of the area, and the acquired data includes at least two dimensions: the thickness of the floating debris accumulation and the water pressure. Among them, the accumulation thickness characterizes the geometric evolution of the accumulation and reflects the degree of reduction in the flow area; the water pressure directly quantifies the change in hydraulic load caused by the accumulation and reflects the intensity of the water-blocking effect. This dual-parameter synchronous acquisition mechanism overcomes the deficiency of single visual observation in being unable to perceive internal hydraulic changes and provides high-confidence data input for subsequent dynamic feedback.

[0048] Step S300 involves dynamically adjusting the interception height of the permeable interceptor 10 based on the floating debris aggregation state data, using the control module to simulate the evolution and collapse process of the floating debris accumulation. Specifically, this step is the core of the method, constructing a closed-loop feedback logic of "perception-decision-execution." The control module receives the aggregation state data acquired in step S200 in real time and outputs adjustment commands according to a preset control strategy. For example, when the accumulation thickness exceeds a preset growth threshold, or the water pressure rises to a specific level, the control module determines that the accumulation has entered a significant development stage and then drives the permeable interceptor 10 to lower its height, reducing the flow area, thereby physically simulating the increased water resistance ratio and water level rise caused by the thickening of the accumulation. Conversely, when simulating the collapse stage of the accumulation, the control module can increase the interception height based on the data's downward trend to restore flow capacity.

[0049] In step S400, displacement detection device 30 and stress detection device 40 are used to collect lateral displacement data at the pier tops and multi-dimensional stress data at the pile bottoms of the bridge model, respectively. Specifically, this step achieves spatiotemporal synchronization of hydraulic environment simulation and structural response monitoring. While dynamically adjusting the height of the permeable interceptor 10 and changing the water flow environment in step S300, displacement detection device 30 and stress detection device 40 record key mechanical indicators of the bridge model at the same sampling frequency. The lateral displacement data at the pier tops reflects the overall deformation trend of the superstructure under eccentric loads, while the multi-dimensional stress data at the pile bottoms (especially lateral shear force and bending moment) reveals the stress state and overturning resistance at the foundation bottom. By aligning the changes in hydraulic parameters in step S300 with the mechanical response data in step S400 along the time axis, researchers can accurately establish a quantitative mapping relationship between the "evolutionary state of the accumulation body" and the "lateral stability of the bridge," thereby identifying the key disaster-causing factors and their critical thresholds that lead to bridge instability.

[0050] Through the orderly execution of steps S100 to S400, the method provided in this embodiment fully reproduces the dynamic coupling evolution process of scouring and floating debris accumulation in the time dimension. In summary, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0051] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device, characterized in that, include: The scouring mechanism, located upstream of the bridge model, is configured to inject water into the tank to simulate flood scouring. A permeable barrier, located upstream of the bridge model, is configured to intercept floating objects while allowing water flow. The aggregation state detection component is configured to acquire data on the aggregation state of floating objects in front of the permeable interceptor. The control module is communicatively connected to the aggregation state detection component and the permeable interceptor, and is configured to dynamically adjust the interception height of the permeable interceptor based on the floating debris aggregation state data, so as to simulate the evolution process of the floating debris accumulation. The displacement detection device is configured to acquire lateral displacement data of the pier tops of the bridge model. The stress detection component is configured to acquire multi-dimensional stress data at the bottom of the piles in the bridge model.

2. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable interceptor is an interceptor plate with a mesh structure, and the permeable interceptor is connected to a lifting mechanism; The aggregation state detection component includes: The first detection unit is configured to monitor the thickness of the floating debris accumulation in front of the water-permeable interceptor. The second detection unit is configured to monitor the water pressure on the water-facing surface of the bridge model.

3. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a first driving component, a lead screw, a connecting component, and a guide component. The output end of the first driving component is connected to the lead screw, and the lead screw is connected to the connecting component through a lead screw nut. The connecting component is fixed to the top of the water-permeable interceptor. The water-permeable interceptor and the guide component are slidably connected in the vertical direction. The first detection unit is a laser ranging probe, which is mounted on top of the water-permeable interceptor via a bracket and is configured to obtain the thickness of the floating debris accumulation by measuring the height difference during the accumulation process. The second detection unit is a flexible thin-film pressure sensor, which is attached to the water-facing surface of the bridge model's pier and configured to sense dynamic water pressure to obtain the water pressure.

4. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a universal adapter connection system, which includes a guide rail and a bracket; the guide element is disposed on the bracket; The bracket has a groove, and the bracket is configured to engage with the guide rail through the groove to fix the water-permeable interceptor, the aggregation state detection component, and the displacement detection component in the water tank.

5. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide rail is installed on the water tank, and the bracket is engaged with the guide rail and then fixedly connected by bolts.

6. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement detection device is configured to measure the horizontal displacement of the bridge model in the downstream and transverse directions of the water flow. The force detection component is a six-dimensional force sensor, configured to simultaneously measure the forces and moments of the bridge model in three orthogonal directions.

7. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The displacement detection device includes two sets of laser displacement gauges, which are symmetrically arranged on the top of the piers of the bridge model, pointing to the downstream direction and the cross direction of the water flow, respectively. The stress detection component is embedded in the bottom of the pile foundation of the bridge model. The stress detection component integrates multiple strain gauges and is configured to monitor the lateral force and moment, longitudinal force and moment and vertical force and moment of the pile foundation in real time, and transmit the monitoring data to the data acquisition terminal. The data acquisition terminal is configured to evaluate the lateral stability safety margin of the bridge model based on the lateral force and moment.

8. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a float release unit, which includes a catapult mechanism, which includes a second drive element, a cam, a push rod, and a spring; The second drive member is configured to drive the cam to rotate, the profile surface of the cam contacting the protrusion on the push rod, and the push rod is configured to compress the spring under the drive of the cam and move forward to eject the floating object when the spring is released.

9. The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ejection mechanism also includes a base and a platform. The platform is slidably disposed in a groove in the base. The spring is sleeved on the outside of the push rod. One end of the spring is connected to the step of the push rod, and the other end is connected to a spring stop block fixed to the end of the base. The platform is located in front of the push rod and is configured to carry the floating object to be released.

10. A method for simulating bridge scour and floating objects in a coupled manner, characterized in that, The bridge scour and floating object coupling simulation test apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9 further includes: The permeable interceptor is installed upstream of the bridge model; Release the floating objects and obtain the floating object aggregation status data in front of the water-permeable interceptor through the aggregation status detection component; Based on the floating debris aggregation state data, the interception height of the permeable interceptor is dynamically adjusted by the control module to simulate the evolution and collapse process of the floating debris accumulation. The displacement detection device and the stress detection device are used to collect lateral displacement data of the pier top and multi-dimensional stress data of the pile bottom of the bridge model, respectively.

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