Straddle-type monorail guide wheel bench test method and device

Abstract

The application relates to a straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly rack test method and device, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a fatigue load spectrum and environmental loading parameters, and completing guide wheel assembly installation alignment; driving the guide wheel to rotate according to the fatigue load spectrum, synchronously applying vertical, transverse and torsional loads to form a three-degree-of-freedom coupling loading working condition; controlling a water spraying device and a sand spraying device to perform environmental simulation according to the environmental loading parameters, so that the guide wheel synchronously bears the coupling load and environmental erosion in a rotating state; collecting mechanical parameters, state parameters and sealing parameters in real time; and performing fatigue damage evaluation and sealing performance evaluation according to the parameters. The application realizes the collaborative loading of multi-degree-of-freedom alternating loads and water spraying and sand spraying environments, simulates the superimposed composite working condition of fatigue damage and sealing erosion in real operation, and verifies the reliability of the guide wheel assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a test bench method and apparatus for straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly, belonging to the technical field of railway vehicle bogies. Background Technology

[0002] For the testing of key components of straddle-type monorail trains, the core focus is on the performance verification and reliability assessment of the guide wheel assembly (including main shaft, bearings, sealing structure, etc.). Its development is deeply tied to the maturity of the straddle-type monorail train industry and the localization process, and can be roughly divided into three stages.

[0003] 1. Initial stage: In the early stage, due to the monopoly of straddle-type monorail technology, China mainly relied on foreign complete sets of technology. The testing of guide wheels was mostly attached to the overall bogie test, and there was no independent testing system. The performance of guide wheels could only be indirectly judged through the whole vehicle test run. The test accuracy was low, the cycle was long, and no special verification of sealing performance was involved.

[0004] 2. Development stage: With the large-scale application of straddle-type monorail trains in China, the demand for domestically produced guide wheels has become prominent. The industry has begun to develop related test devices for guide wheels and gradually realize basic load loading and simple mechanical performance testing. However, there are still obvious limitations, such as lack of multi-degree-of-freedom coupled loading capability, inability to simulate real operating environment (rain, dust), and lack of dedicated verification process and standards for sealing performance. The test results deviate significantly from the actual vehicle operating conditions.

[0005] 3. Upgrade Phase: Currently, the industry focuses on precise component-level verification and full performance coverage. Core needs are concentrated on integrated verification of fatigue life, sealing performance, and wear characteristics, pursuing high consistency between test data and actual vehicle operation, while also emphasizing improved testing efficiency and cost control. There are technological gaps in dedicated test benches for guide wheels, multi-condition collaborative verification, and specialized sealing performance testing. This will drive the field towards intelligent, precise, and integrated development, contributing to breakthroughs in the localization of key components for straddle-type monorails.

[0006] Furthermore, in the existing bogie overall testing category, the patent with publication number CN112577763B, a straddle-type monorail single-axle bogie testing device, and the patent with publication number CN107515126B, a six-degree-of-freedom simulated loading test bench for monorail train bogies, both focus on testing the overall performance of the bogie and do not have a dedicated test bench designed independently for the guide wheels, thus failing to achieve accurate verification of the fatigue, wear, mechanical properties, and sealing performance of the guide wheels.

[0007] For example, in the existing technology of guide or horizontal wheel devices, the patent for guide wheel device for straddle-type monorail train with publication number CN121493033A and the patent for test device for straddle-type monorail horizontal wheel with publication number CN202411192552 only optimize the guide wheel structure (such as anti-detachment design) and do not involve sealing performance test; the latter test device only realizes basic load loading, lacks multi-condition simulation, fatigue cycle control, real-time monitoring and data closed-loop analysis capabilities, and does not set up a sealing performance verification related structure.

[0008] Existing technologies for fatigue testing methods mostly employ overall fatigue testing of the bogie frame (such as bogie fatigue testing based on IMC data acquisition devices) or general rubber component fatigue methods. There are no dedicated fatigue verification procedures or load spectrum compilation standards for straddle-type monorail guide wheels, and even fewer verification methods related to sealing performance (water spraying, sandblasting). For sealing tests, no dedicated water spraying or sandblasting test mechanisms have been designed for the structural characteristics of straddle-type monorail guide wheels (sealing at the junction of the main shaft, bearings, and hub). These technologies cannot meet the verification requirements of the guide wheel sealing structure and cannot be integrated with fatigue and wear tests.

[0009] In summary, the existing structure only achieves basic load loading, lacks multi-condition simulation, fatigue cycle control, real-time monitoring and data closed-loop analysis capabilities, and does not include structures for verifying sealing performance. Furthermore, it suffers from the following problems:

[0010] 1. The lack of testing equipment and dedicated test benches means that the performance of the guide wheels can only be indirectly verified through whole vehicle or bogie testing. This makes it impossible to isolate variables and accurately test component-level performance, resulting in long test cycles, high costs, and large data errors. Furthermore, the absence of a dedicated structure for verifying sealing performance makes it impossible to assess the reliability of the sealing structure.

[0011] 2. Insufficient simulation of working conditions. In actual operation, the guide wheel not only bears multiple coupled loads such as alternating lateral load, curve centrifugal force, track irregularity excitation, and temperature change, but also faces complex environments such as rainwater erosion and sand and dust erosion. Existing devices cannot reproduce real working conditions (including environmental erosion conditions), and the test results deviate greatly from the actual situation.

[0012] 3. There is a lack of fatigue methods, such as fatigue load spectrum, cyclic loading strategy and life assessment model for guide wheel composition, which makes it impossible to scientifically verify fatigue life and easily leads to early failure (such as bearing fatigue, rubber cracking and hub cracking).

[0013] 4. Lack of sealing verification: Existing technologies do not have dedicated test methods and devices for the sealing structure composed of guide wheels, making it impossible to verify the sealing performance of the sealing structure in rainy or dusty environments. This can easily lead to damage to the core components of the guide wheels due to sealing failure, affecting train operation safety.

[0014] 5. Monitoring and analysis are lagging behind. There is no real-time monitoring system for stress, strain, temperature, wear, and sealing status, making it impossible to achieve closed-loop analysis of test data and life prediction, and difficult to support design optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0015] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing tests for key components of straddle-type monorail trains, and to solve the problems of lack of test equipment, insufficient simulation of working conditions, lack of fatigue methods, lack of sealing verification, and lag in monitoring and analysis. This invention proposes a bench test method and device for straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly.

[0016] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a bench test method for a straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Obtain the fatigue load spectrum and environmental loading parameters corresponding to the guide wheel assembly, and complete the installation, fixing and centering calibration of the guide wheel assembly;

[0018] S2. Drive the guide wheel assembly to rotate at a preset speed according to the fatigue load spectrum, and simultaneously apply vertical load, lateral load and torsional load to form a three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition.

[0019] S3. Based on the environmental loading parameters, the water spraying device and the sandblasting device are synchronously controlled to simulate the environment, so that the guide wheel assembly can synchronously bear the three-degree-of-freedom coupled load and environmental erosion in the rotating state, in order to simulate the complex working conditions in the actual operation process.

[0020] S4. During the simultaneous operation of the three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition and the environmental simulation condition, the mechanical parameters, state parameters and sealing parameters of the guide wheel assembly are collected in real time.

[0021] S5. Based on the collected mechanical parameters, state parameters, and sealing parameters, fatigue damage assessment and sealing performance assessment of the guide wheel assembly are performed respectively.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present invention, a straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly test bench apparatus is also provided, comprising:

[0023] The guide wheel assembly connection device is located on the top of the test base and is used to install and position the guide wheel assembly;

[0024] The drive unit is located on one side of the top of the test base, and its output end is connected to the main shaft of the guide wheels to drive the guide wheels to rotate.

[0025] A vertical load application unit is located at the top of the guide wheel assembly connection device and is used to apply a vertical preload.

[0026] A lateral load application unit is located on both sides of the guide wheel assembly connecting device and is used to apply alternating lateral loads.

[0027] A water spray device is installed on the outside of the guide wheel assembly to simulate a rainfall environment and conduct a water spray sealing test on the guide wheel assembly;

[0028] A sandblasting device, located on the outside of the guide wheel assembly, is used to spray sand and dust onto the sealed parts of the guide wheel assembly to simulate a sand and dust erosion environment;

[0029] The monitoring and acquisition unit is located on the outside of the guide wheel assembly connecting device. It includes strain gauges at dangerous locations and sealing monitoring sensors, and is used to collect the mechanical parameters, state parameters and sealing parameters of the guide wheel assembly in real time.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0031] 1. By using three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading, the lateral, vertical and torsional loads are loaded synchronously, accurately reproducing the actual force on the guide wheel.

[0032] 2. By integrating temperature, wear, lubrication, contamination, water spray, and sandblasting simulations under full operating conditions, covering the entire life cycle of operating conditions, and establishing water spray and sandblasting test procedures for the guide wheel sealing structure, the verification standards are clarified, filling the gap in sealing performance verification methods.

[0033] 3. Real-time closed-loop monitoring integrates mechanical, state, environmental, and sealing data acquisition to achieve closed-loop testing, analysis, and optimization.

[0034] 4. Through modular design, clamping, loading, and simulation modules can be quickly replaced, and it is compatible with multiple models of guide wheels, making it highly versatile; the water spraying and sandblasting units can operate independently or in conjunction with other tests, offering high flexibility.

[0035] 5. By integrating sealing tests, water spraying and sandblasting sealing tests with guide wheel core performance (fatigue and wear) tests are integrated into the same test bench, realizing simultaneous verification of sealing performance and mechanical performance, and improving test efficiency and comprehensiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall process of an example of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the straddle-type monorail guide wheel test bench of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 View from point A in the middle.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the straddle-type monorail guide wheel test bench of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a view showing the installation of the guide wheels in the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly test bench of the present invention.

[0042] In the picture:

[0043] 100. Vertical load application unit; 200. Lateral load application unit; 300. Drive unit; 400. Guide wheel assembly connection device; 401. Composite support; 402. Guide wheel mounting fasteners; 403. Standardized flange positioning boss; 500. Water spraying device; 600. Sandblasting device; 700. Monitoring and acquisition unit; 800. Guide wheel assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will make the technical approach and operation steps of the present invention clearer.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a test method for a straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Obtain the fatigue load spectrum and environmental loading parameters corresponding to the guide wheel assembly, and complete the installation, fixing and centering calibration of the guide wheel assembly;

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, obtaining the fatigue load spectrum and environmental loading parameters corresponding to the guide wheel assembly includes:

[0048] Data on the lateral force, vertical force, rotational speed, and temperature time history of the guide wheels were collected through real-vehicle testing on different tracks (straight roads, small-radius curves, and steep gradients) and at different speeds (30-80 km / h). After data preprocessing, the load amplitude and frequency distribution were statistically obtained using the rainflow counting method. Then, the average stress was corrected using a correction formula, and the equivalent damage was transformed based on Miner's linear cumulative damage theory to generate a bench fatigue load spectrum.

[0049] Based on the climate and dust environment data of the actual vehicle operation route, and in conjunction with the test standards, specific parameters including rainfall intensity, spray flow rate, dust concentration and particle size distribution were determined, and a water spraying and sandblasting test parameter table was generated, which constitutes the environmental loading parameters.

[0050] Specifically, environmental data such as rainfall intensity, duration, dust concentration, and dust particle size of the actual operating lines are collected, and environmental parameter spectra for water spraying and sandblasting tests are compiled as the basis for the loading of the sealing test.

[0051] The load data were statistically analyzed using the rainflow counting method to compile a dedicated fatigue load spectrum (including amplitude distribution, frequency distribution, and average stress) for the guide wheel assembly. Combined with the environmental spectrum, a parameter table (pressure, flow rate, medium, and duration) for water spraying and sandblasting tests was compiled as the basis for bench testing loading.

[0052] Furthermore, the main steps for determining the fatigue load spectrum are as follows:

[0053] 1) Collect real load data, arrange strain gauges on the guide wheel, and establish the relationship between strain and load through calibration. Then, collect time-domain load signals under typical working conditions (such as different road conditions, speeds, and load states).

[0054] 2) Data preprocessing: "purify" the original signal to remove interference signals such as spikes and abnormal peaks, and obtain an effective load-time history.

[0055] 3) The preprocessed signal is statistically analyzed using the rainflow counting method, which decomposes the irregular time-domain signal into complete cycles with different amplitudes and means. The counting results are usually presented as a two-dimensional rainflow matrix of load amplitude-mean-frequency, from which the amplitude distribution and frequency distribution of the load can be obtained.

[0056] 4) Load extrapolation and synthesis: Measured data is usually short-term and needs to be extrapolated to the entire life cycle. Rainflow matrices under different operating conditions and load states are superimposed and amplified proportionally (e.g., mileage ratio of full load and half load) to form a target load spectrum covering the entire life cycle.

[0057] 5) Consider the mean stress correction, since the cycles obtained from rainflow counting are usually asymmetric (mean stress is not zero). It is necessary to use correction formulas such as Goodman or Gerber to convert it into a symmetric cyclic load so that it corresponds to the material's SN curve and to calculate the damage.

[0058] 6) Equivalent damage transformation to generate bench load spectrum: Based on Miner's linear cumulative damage theory, the total damage of the target load spectrum is used as a benchmark, simplifying it into a multi-level constant amplitude load spectrum for easy bench loading. Specifically, several representative load amplitudes are set, and the number of loading cycles required for each amplitude is calculated (so that the sum of the damage at each level equals the target total damage). The resulting fatigue load spectrum clearly defines the loading amplitude, number of cycles, and loading sequence for the bench test.

[0059] It should be noted that the determination of the water spray and sandblasting test parameter tables is to accelerate the simulation in the laboratory of the environmental corrosion and abrasion effects encountered by the guide wheel in actual service. It is usually based on the environmental spectrum.

[0060] Analyze the service environment profile to identify the typical corrosion or abrasion environments that the guide wheel will experience during its lifespan, such as rain (water spray), sandstorms (sandblasting), salt spray, and temperature changes. This should be combined with the actual geographical and climatic characteristics of the vehicle's operation.

[0061] Determining test conditions by referring to standards involves finding the corresponding test standards based on the environmental profile. For example, rain tests can refer to GJB 150.8A, and sand and dust tests can refer to military or industry standards such as GJB 150.12A or MIL-STD-810F. These standards will provide basic test parameter ranges.

[0062] The standard provides a general framework for refining and verifying specific parameters. The test parameter table needs to be refined based on the specific circuit and object, and the specific value of each item needs to be clearly defined.

[0063] Rain test: rainfall intensity, raindrop diameter, water temperature, test duration, etc.

[0064] Sandblasting (dust) test: dust concentration, wind speed, dust particle size distribution, test duration, etc.

[0065] When preparing test pieces, select guide wheels from the same batch and with the same process to form test pieces (no less than 3 pieces). Conduct visual inspection, dimensional measurement, initial stress detection, and pre-inspection of sealing performance (no damage, no leakage) to ensure the consistency of test pieces. Attach strain gauges to the dangerous parts of the test pieces (bearing inner ring, wheel hub journal, tire and wheel hub joint), and arrange leakage sensors and dust sensors around the sealing structure, marking the monitoring points.

[0066] For installation and commissioning, the test piece is installed on the test bench, the alignment accuracy is adjusted, the monitoring sensor is connected, and the loading system, drive system and water spraying and sandblasting units are debugged to ensure that the spraying and sandblasting paths accurately cover the sealing structure without obstruction.

[0067] S2. Drive the guide wheel assembly to rotate at a preset speed according to the fatigue load spectrum, and simultaneously apply vertical load, lateral load and torsional load to form a three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, vertical load, lateral load, and torsional load are applied simultaneously to form a three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition, specifically including:

[0069] The vertical preload is applied by the vertical load application unit via a servo electric cylinder, the alternating lateral load is applied by the lateral load application unit via a hydraulic actuator, and the small-angle torsional or oscillating load is applied by the rotary actuator.

[0070] Specifically, lateral load loading uses a hydraulic actuator to apply alternating lateral loads (0-50kN) to simulate curve guiding force and lateral offset force, with a load frequency of 0-30Hz and a loading accuracy of ±1%. Vertical load loading uses a servo electric cylinder to apply vertical preload (0-10kN) to simulate the guide wheel suspension preload and ensure load stability. Torsional or oscillating load loading uses a rotary actuator to apply small-angle torsional / oscillating loads (±5°) to simulate track irregularities and additional torques when passing through curves, achieving three-degree-of-freedom load coupling loading and reproducing the real stress state. It can be carried out simultaneously with water spray and sandblasting tests to simulate the combined working conditions of load and environmental erosion in actual operation.

[0071] S3. Based on the environmental loading parameters, the water spraying device and the sandblasting device are synchronously controlled to simulate the environment, so that the guide wheel assembly can synchronously bear the three-degree-of-freedom coupled load and environmental erosion in the rotating state, in order to simulate the complex working conditions in the actual operation process.

[0072] As a preferred implementation, the guide wheel assembly is made to simultaneously bear three-degree-of-freedom coupled loads and environmental erosion while rotating. Specifically, a step-by-step loading strategy is adopted. First, a portion of the design load and a portion of the environmental loading parameters are applied for a pre-test. After confirming that there are no abnormalities, the full design load and all environmental loading parameters are applied for a formal test.

[0073] It should be noted that for parameter settings, input the compiled fatigue load spectrum, water spray or sandblasting test parameters (depending on the test requirements, you can choose to conduct fatigue tests alone, sealing tests alone, or both), set the test temperature (25℃ ambient temperature, with options for -40℃ / +80℃ extreme temperatures), rotational speed (corresponding to train operating speed), and total number of cycles (≥10). 7 (Equivalent operating mileage ≥ 1.2 million kilometers) and water spraying / sandblasting duration (0-24h, can be set in segments).

[0074] Specifically, a step-by-step loading method is adopted, first applying 50% of the design load for a pre-test (10 6 (Second cycle), simultaneously turn on the water spray or sandblasting unit (50% environmental parameters) to check the system stability and ensure the sealing structure is normal; then apply 100% design load and 100% environmental parameters to conduct the formal test, and monitor the mechanical and sealing data in real time.

[0075] For mid-process checks, every 10 completed 6 In the next cycle, pause the test, check the appearance of the test piece (cracks, wear, deformation), measure key dimensions, check for damage or leakage in the sealing structure, clean surface dust, record monitoring data, and assess fatigue damage and sealing condition.

[0076] S4. During the simultaneous operation of the three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition and the environmental simulation condition, the mechanical parameters, state parameters and sealing parameters of the guide wheel assembly are collected in real time.

[0077] As a preferred implementation, during real-time data acquisition, the acquired mechanical parameters, state parameters, and sealing parameters are compared with preset thresholds in real time. When the load exceeds the limit, the temperature is abnormal, the leakage exceeds the standard, or the sand and dust intrusion exceeds the standard, an alarm is triggered and the test is suspended. At the same time, all data at the abnormal moment is stored for fault tracing.

[0078] Specifically, the design threshold value or determination method is as follows:

[0079] 1) Threshold determination method;

[0080] The wear threshold was determined by comprehensively considering design life benchmarking, industry regulations, material performance verification, and real vehicle data correction.

[0081] a) Using the equivalent design life of 1.2 million kilometers for the guide wheel assembly as the core benchmark, we reversed the allowable wear rate and total wear during the bench test cycle.

[0082] b) Refer to the relevant technical specifications for straddle-type monorail transit vehicles and the vehicle operation and maintenance procedures for domestic operating lines, and match the wear and maintenance limits of the guide wheel rubber tires and metal mating pairs.

[0083] c) The bench test data on the wear resistance of rubber and wheel hub metal materials, as well as the actual wear statistics of guide wheels on multiple operating lines, are used to make corrections, and finally the bench test judgment threshold is formed.

[0084] 2) Specific design threshold values;

[0085] For the core wear components of the guide wheel assembly, a threshold value is set:

[0086] Wear on metal mating surfaces (hub journal, bearing mating surfaces): Design threshold ≤ 0.05mm. The difference in dimensionality of the mating surfaces before and after the test is measured with a micrometer. Wear ≤ 0.05mm is considered acceptable, meeting the requirements for assembly clearance and operational accuracy of rotating pairs.

[0087] S5. Based on the collected mechanical parameters, state parameters, and sealing parameters, fatigue damage assessment and sealing performance assessment of the guide wheel assembly are performed respectively.

[0088] As a preferred implementation, fatigue damage assessment specifically includes: performing low-pass filtering on the stress or strain time series data in the collected mechanical parameters to obtain effective stress history data; performing statistical analysis on the effective stress history data using the rainflow counting method to obtain the equivalent stress amplitude at each level and its cycle number; matching the material's SN curve to obtain the critical cycle number; calculating the total cumulative fatigue damage degree based on Miner's linear cumulative damage theory; and determining whether the fatigue life is qualified based on the total cumulative fatigue damage degree.

[0089] Specifically: fatigue damage assessment involves filtering and counting the stress and strain data collected from the test, combining the material's SN curve, and using Miner's theory to calculate the cumulative fatigue damage degree D. If D < 1, and the test piece has no cracks and the wear amount is ≤ the design threshold, the fatigue life is determined to meet the requirements. If D ≥ 1, or cracks or severe wear appear, the fatigue life is determined to be unsatisfactory, and the cause of failure is analyzed.

[0090] Furthermore, the cumulative fatigue damage degree D is calculated based on Miner's linear fatigue cumulative damage theory, and the calculation process is as follows:

[0091] 1) Data preprocessing: Low-pass filtering is performed on the stress or strain time series data collected from the experiment to remove acquisition interference and high-frequency noise, so as to obtain effective stress history data; if the acquired signal is strain data, it is converted into stress data by Hooke's law σ=E⋅ε (E is the elastic modulus of the corresponding material).

[0092] 2) Rainflow counting and statistical analysis: The effective stress history is statistically analyzed using the rainflow counting method, and multi-level stress amplitudes σ1, σ2, σ3, ... σ are output. i The actual number of iterations n1, n2, n3, ... for each of them. Simultaneously, by combining the average stress at each stress level, the average stress is corrected using the Goodman formula and converted into the equivalent stress amplitude under symmetrical cyclic conditions, matching the material's standard SN curve.

[0093] 3) Matching material SN curves: For critical parts of the guide wheel (hub journal, bearing inner ring, etc.), select the corresponding material's fatigue SN curve and obtain the equivalent stress amplitude σ at each level. i Corresponding number of material fatigue failure cycles (That is, the critical number of cycles at which the material will fail due to fatigue at this stress level).

[0094] 4) Miner's theory of cumulative damage calculation: According to Miner's linear fatigue cumulative damage theory, the total fatigue damage is the sum of the damage generated by each stress cycle. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Where D represents the total cumulative fatigue damage; This represents the actual number of cycles corresponding to the i-th stress amplitude; represents the number of material fatigue life cycles corresponding to the i-th stress amplitude; k represents the total number of stress levels after rainflow counting.

[0097] The judgment rule is that when D < 1, it indicates that the cumulative damage within the test cycle has not reached the failure threshold, and the test piece has no macroscopic cracks and the wear amount meets the standard, then the fatigue life is judged to meet the design requirements; when D ≥ 1, the fatigue life is judged to not meet the requirements.

[0098] As a preferred embodiment, the sealing performance evaluation specifically includes:

[0099] In the water spray test, the leakage amount and leakage time in the sealing parameters are collected in real time by the leakage sensor, and the water spray sealing performance is judged to be qualified based on the leakage amount.

[0100] In the sandblasting test, the dust intrusion signal in the sealing parameters is collected in real time by the dust sensor. When the sealing structure is undamaged and deformed after the test and the dust does not intrude into the bearing and spindle, the sandblasting sealing performance is deemed qualified.

[0101] Specifically, based on the monitoring data (leakage rate, sand intrusion rate, and seal failure time) from the water spray and sandblasting tests, and in conjunction with the design requirements, the reliability of the sealing structure is evaluated:

[0102] ① Water spray test: If there is no leakage in the sealing structure after the test, or the leakage is ≤0.5mL / h, the water spray sealing performance is deemed qualified;

[0103] ② Sandblasting test: After the test, the sealing structure is undamaged and undeformed, and sand and dust do not penetrate into the core parts such as bearings and spindles. The sandblasting sealing performance is deemed qualified.

[0104] ③ If leakage exceeds the standard or sand and dust intrusion occurs, the sealing performance is deemed unqualified. Analyze the defects in the sealing structure (such as aging of the seals or installation deviations) and propose an optimization plan.

[0105] As a preferred implementation, a multi-condition coupled fatigue life prediction model is constructed based on the modified Miner theory. The life prediction model uses the total cumulative fatigue damage, the damage acceleration coefficient corresponding to the environmental loading parameters, and the material SN curve as input parameters to calculate the total fatigue life and equivalent operating mileage of the guide wheel under different load and environmental superposition conditions.

[0106] Specifically, life prediction involves establishing a fatigue life prediction model for the guide wheel assembly based on experimental data, and predicting the actual service life under different loads and working conditions.

[0107] This fatigue life prediction model is a multi-condition coupled fatigue life prediction model based on modified Miner's theory. It is constructed using a combination of mechanistic calculations and experimental calibration, and can be adapted to predict the life of guide wheel components under different load levels and environmental conditions. The specific structure, calibration training process, and parameter design are as follows:

[0108] I. Specific composition of the model;

[0109] The model is divided into three main functional modules, with fatigue damage accumulation mechanism as the core, and coupling three types of influencing factors: load, material, and environment.

[0110] 1) Input parameter module, which provides basic computational input for the model, includes three types of parameters:

[0111] a) Load condition parameters include stress amplitude at each level, average stress, cycle frequency, and load spectrum time sequence characteristics, which are derived from data collected from actual vehicles and bench tests.

[0112] b) Material property parameters are the SN curve, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fatigue limit of the materials corresponding to each critical part of the guide wheel (hub journal, bearing inner ring, main shaft);

[0113] c) The environmental correction parameters are the damage acceleration coefficients corresponding to environmental conditions such as temperature, water spray, and dust, which match the environmental conditions of the composite working condition test of this invention.

[0114] 2) The core calculation module is the computational core of the model, sequentially performing multi-level corrections and damage calculations:

[0115] A) Mean stress correction element: The Goodman formula is used to make an equivalent correction to the asymmetric cyclic stress, which is converted into a symmetric cyclic equivalent stress and matched to the material standard SN curve.

[0116] B) Environmental damage correction unit, which introduces an environmental acceleration coefficient to correct the accelerating effect of rainwater erosion and sand and dust abrasion on fatigue crack propagation.

[0117] C) Cumulative damage calculation unit, based on Miner's linear cumulative damage theory, calculates the damage ratio under each load level to obtain the total cumulative damage degree D;

[0118] D) Life inverse calculation unit: Based on the total damage degree and the number of test cycles, the total fatigue life cycle number under the target design load is inversely calculated and converted into equivalent operating mileage.

[0119] 3) Output and verification module: Output the prediction results and verify their rationality. The output content includes: total fatigue life (number of cycles or equivalent operating mileage), damage ratio of each dangerous part, safety factor, life confidence interval, and can be compared and verified with bench test results.

[0120] II. Model training (calibration) process;

[0121] The model is based on classical fatigue theory and uses bench test data to complete parameter calibration and accuracy optimization. The specific process is as follows:

[0122] 1) Initial model building: Miner's linear cumulative damage theory and Goodman's mean stress correction are used as the core algorithms. Material fatigue performance parameters are imported to build an initial life calculation model and determine the basic calculation logic and input / output interface of the model.

[0123] 2) Construction of calibration dataset and conduct multiple sets of gradient bench tests: Set up 3-5 levels of different load amplitudes and 2-3 sets of different environmental conditions (normal temperature, water spray, sandblasting) orthogonal tests, collect stress and strain data, failure cycle number, failure location and form of the guide wheel in each set of tests, and form a calibration dataset containing mechanical, environmental and life results.

[0124] 3) Correction coefficient fitting calibration: Based on the actual test life results, the least squares method is used to fit correction parameters such as environmental damage coefficient, size effect coefficient, and surface quality coefficient. The model calculation values ​​are iteratively optimized to control the relative error between the model prediction life and the actual test life within ±10%, thus completing the model calibration.

[0125] 4) Model validation and solidification: The generalization of the model is validated using experimental data from the validation group that was not calibrated. If the prediction accuracy meets the requirements, the model parameters are solidified; if the deviation exceeds the range, supplementary experimental data is used for iterative calibration until the accuracy meets the requirements.

[0126] Sealing optimization involves optimizing the sealing structure design (such as sealing material, installation method, and sealing gap) based on the sealing performance test results to improve sealing reliability and prevent the guide wheel's service life from being affected by sealing failure.

[0127] The final test report, titled "Fatigue and Sealing Verification Report of Guide Wheel Composition," includes load spectrum, environmental spectrum, test parameters, mechanical monitoring data, sealing monitoring data, fatigue damage assessment, sealing performance assessment, life prediction, failure analysis, and optimization suggestions.

[0128] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly test bench device is provided, comprising:

[0129] The guide wheel assembly connecting device 400 is located on the top of the test base and is used to install and position the guide wheel assembly 800.

[0130] The drive unit 300 is located on one side of the top of the test base, and its output end is connected to the main shaft of the guide wheel assembly 800 for driving the guide wheel assembly 800 to rotate.

[0131] A vertical load application unit 100 is disposed on the top of the guide wheel assembly connecting device 400 and is used to apply a vertical preload.

[0132] A lateral load application unit 200 is disposed on both sides of the guide wheel assembly connecting device 400 and is used to apply alternating lateral loads.

[0133] A water spray device 500 is installed on the outside of the guide wheel assembly 800 to simulate a rainfall environment and to conduct a water spray sealing test on the guide wheel assembly;

[0134] A sandblasting device 600 is installed on the outside of the guide wheel assembly 800 and is used to spray sand and dust onto the sealed parts of the guide wheel assembly to simulate a sand and dust erosion environment.

[0135] The monitoring and acquisition unit 700 is located outside the guide wheel assembly connecting device 400 and includes strain gauges at dangerous locations and sealing monitoring sensors. It is used to collect the mechanical parameters, state parameters and sealing parameters of the guide wheel assembly in real time.

[0136] In a preferred embodiment, a composite support 401, a guide wheel mounting fastener 402, and a standardized flange positioning boss 403 are provided on the outer side of the guide wheel assembly connecting device 400. The composite support 401 is used for loading loads in three directions. The guide wheel mounting fastener 402 fixes the guide wheel assembly 800 to the guide wheel assembly connecting device 400 through the guide wheel assembly connecting device 400. The standardized flange positioning boss 403 is used to position the guide wheel assembly 800.

[0137] Specifically, the guide wheel installation and drive adopts an adjustable spindle fixture, which is compatible with different models of guide wheels (spindle diameter φ30-φ80mm), to achieve quick clamping and alignment, and ensure installation accuracy ≤0.02mm; the fixture reserves space for sealing test avoidance to avoid obstructing the water spray and sandblasting path, and ensure the effectiveness of the sealing test.

[0138] The drive unit 300 uses a servo motor, planetary reducer, and synchronous belt drive to drive the guide wheel to rotate. The speed range is 0-150 r / min (corresponding to train speed 0-80 km / h), and the speed accuracy is ±0.5 r / min. It simulates actual running conditions and can be used in conjunction with water spraying and sandblasting tests to simulate the real-time stress and environmental erosion superposition state of the sealed structure during train operation.

[0139] The vertical load application unit 100 uses a servo electric cylinder to apply a vertical preload (0-10kN) to simulate the preload of the guide wheel suspension and ensure load stability.

[0140] The lateral load application unit 200 uses a hydraulic actuator to apply alternating lateral loads (0-50kN), simulating curve guiding force and lateral offset force, with a load frequency of 0-30Hz and a loading accuracy of ±1%.

[0141] Torsional and oscillating loading uses a rotary actuator to apply small-angle torsional / oscillating loads (±5°) to simulate the additional torque when the track is uneven or when passing through curves, realizing three-degree-of-freedom load coupling loading and reproducing the real stress state; it can be carried out simultaneously with water spraying and sandblasting tests to simulate the combined working conditions of load and environmental erosion in actual operation.

[0142] The water spray device 500 adopts an adjustable spray frame (arranged around the guide wheel) and is equipped with high-pressure spray heads (pressure range 0.1-0.3MPa). The spray angle is adjustable (0°-360°), and the spray flow rate is 0-50L / min. It can simulate different rainfall intensities (light rain to heavy rain). It can conduct water spray sealing tests independently or simultaneously with fatigue tests to simulate the working conditions of rainwater washing the guide wheel sealing structure during train operation. During the test, it can monitor whether the sealing structure leaks, record the leakage time and leakage amount, and evaluate the sealing performance.

[0143] The 600 sandblasting device is equipped with a sandblasting tank and a high-pressure spray gun (pressure range 0.2-0.5MPa). The spray gun can move circumferentially and axially along the guide wheel. The sandblasting medium is quartz sand (particle size 0.1-0.3mm), which is consistent with the particle size of the sand and dust around the actual track. A sealed protective cover is set to prevent sand particles from splashing and protect other components of the test bench. It can carry out sandblasting sealing tests alone, or in conjunction with water spray and fatigue tests to simulate the working conditions of sand and dust eroding the guide wheel sealing structure during train operation. After the test, the sealing structure is checked for damage or deformation, and sand and dust are monitored to see if they enter the bearings, main shafts and other core parts to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the sealing structure.

[0144] The monitoring and acquisition unit 700 performs mechanical monitoring by arranging high-precision force sensors and strain gauges at the guide wheel spindle, bearing housing, and loading actuator to collect real-time data on lateral force, vertical force, stress, and strain at a sampling rate of 1000Hz. Its condition monitoring utilizes vibration sensors, temperature sensors, and laser displacement sensors to monitor bearing vibration, temperature, and hub displacement, enabling fault early warning. Furthermore, it uses leakage sensors and dust sensors to monitor leakage during water spray tests and sandblasting tests, recording seal failure data. Its data processing employs an industrial-grade data acquisition system and dedicated analysis software to achieve real-time data storage, filtering, rainflow counting, fatigue damage calculation, and simultaneous recording of seal test data (leakage, sand intrusion, seal failure time), outputting load spectra, SN curves, life prediction reports, and seal performance evaluation reports.

[0145] In addition, this device has an external control system, which adopts a PLC and host computer control architecture, and has the functions of water spraying and sandblasting test control, and realizes the following functions:

[0146] Test parameters (rotation speed, load, temperature, number of cycles, water spray pressure / flow rate, sandblasting pressure / medium usage) can be programmed.

[0147] Multi-module collaborative control enables simultaneous fatigue loading and water spraying or sandblasting to simulate complex working conditions;

[0148] The test process features automatic start / stop, anomaly protection, and data backtracking. When a sealing failure is detected (leakage, excessive sand and dust intrusion), the test can be automatically paused and the failure status recorded.

[0149] It supports switching between multiple modes such as fatigue test, wear test, mechanical property test, water spray sealing test, and sandblasting sealing test. It can carry out a single test or combine multiple modes to carry out composite working condition tests.

[0150] It should be further explained that the guide wheel assembly 800 (including main shaft, bearing, hub, rubber tire, safety wheel, suspension mechanism and sealing structure) is a key component for the safe operation of the train. Its fatigue life, wear characteristics, mechanical properties and sealing performance directly determine the operational safety and reliability. The sealing structure can prevent rainwater, sand and dust and debris from entering the core parts such as bearings and main shaft, avoid bearing corrosion and jamming, main shaft wear and extend the service life of the components.

[0151] It should also be noted that each unit is dimensionally guaranteed through casting or forging and machining (not limited to), and is fastened with bolts (not limited to) during installation. To prevent bolt failure due to shear force, bosses and grooves are designed at the corresponding installation interfaces to optimize bolt stress. Integrating multiple functions such as fatigue, wear, mechanics, environment, and sealing, it can conduct individual tests or combined tests under complex operating conditions; it is compatible with multiple guide wheel models, offering strong versatility; the water spray and sandblasting units allow for flexible parameter adjustment to simulate different environmental conditions. One device meets the full performance testing needs of fatigue, wear, and sealing, eliminating the need for a separate sealing test bench, significantly reducing R&D costs; it can quickly verify multiple design schemes (including sealing structure schemes), accelerating R&D iteration. Real-time monitoring (mechanics, state, sealing) and automatic analysis, life prediction, and sealing evaluation enable intelligent testing and data visualization, supporting dual optimization of guide wheel and sealing structures, and improving product reliability.

[0152] Furthermore, the complete test procedure for this straddle-type monorail guide wheel bench test device is as follows, covering all aspects including installation and fixing, drive operation, load loading, working condition simulation, and real-time monitoring:

[0153] 1) Installation and fixing process of the guide wheel assembly;

[0154] Preparation before the test: Clean the spindle mating surface and sealing end face of the test piece consisting of guide wheels, and clean the mounting reference surface of the adjustable spindle fixture on the test stand. Check the integrity of the fixture liner and locking mechanism.

[0155] Lifting and positioning: Use lifting tools to move the guide wheel assembly horizontally to the test position, insert the guide wheel spindle into the adjustable spindle fixture, replace the appropriate fixture liner according to the spindle diameter (φ30-φ80mm), and initially lock the chuck.

[0156] Alignment and calibration: Use a dial indicator to check along the radial and end face of the main shaft, and adjust the coaxiality through the fine-tuning fixture positioning mechanism to ensure that the installation alignment accuracy is ≤0.02mm; after calibration, tighten all locking bolts and confirm that there is no axial or radial movement of the guide wheel.

[0157] Sealing station confirmation: Adjust the circumferential position of the guide wheel to ensure that the sealing structure is aligned with the working path of the water spray frame and sandblasting gun, with no clamps or brackets obstructing the sealing end face, and reserve complete clearance space for sealing test.

[0158] 2) Startup and debugging process of each component driver;

[0159] Power-on inspection of the drive system: Confirm that the servo motor, planetary reducer, and synchronous belt drive mechanism are properly connected, the synchronous belt tension meets the requirements, and there is no interference between the moving parts.

[0160] Low-speed test run: Set the low-speed jog mode (5r / min) in the host computer control system, start the drive unit, drive the guide wheel to rotate at low speed, check the rotation stability, and confirm that there is no jamming, no abnormal noise, and no abnormal radial runout.

[0161] Speed ​​increase and stabilization: After running at low speed without any abnormalities, gradually increase the speed to the test set value (0-150r / min, corresponding to the train operating speed of 0-80km / h), with the speed accuracy controlled within ±0.5r / min. After running stably for 5 minutes, enter the loading stage.

[0162] Linkage preparation: If a combined working condition test is to be carried out, the water and air circuits of the water spraying and sandblasting units should be pre-connected simultaneously, and the positions of the spray gun and spray frame should be pre-adjusted, waiting to start synchronously with the loading.

[0163] 3) Loading and operating condition simulation execution process;

[0164] Vertical preloading: Start the vertical servo electric cylinder and slowly apply the vertical preload to the set value (0-10kN). After the load stabilizes, maintain constant pressure to simulate the preload state of the guide wheel suspension.

[0165] Multi-degree-of-freedom coupled loading: Start the lateral hydraulic actuator and rotary actuator, and apply alternating lateral load (0-50kN, frequency 0-30Hz) and ±5° small angle torsional or oscillating load simultaneously according to the preset fatigue load spectrum sequence, so as to realize the three-dimensional load coupled output and reproduce the real operating stress state.

[0166] Graded loading verification: A graded loading strategy is adopted. First, 50% of the design load is applied to complete the pre-test cycle. After confirming the stability of the system, the load is increased to 100% of the design load to carry out the formal test.

[0167] Environmental conditions superposition: If a sealing composite test is to be carried out, the water spray or sandblasting unit shall be started simultaneously after the load stabilizes;

[0168] Spray test: Adjust the spray pressure to 0.1-0.3MPa and the flow rate to 0-50L / min, and surround the spray sealing structure 360° to simulate different rainfall intensities;

[0169] Sandblasting test: Adjust the sandblasting pressure to 0.2-0.5MPa, move the spray gun at a constant speed along the guide wheel circumferentially and axially, continuously flush the sealing end face with quartz sand, and simultaneously activate the sealing protective cover to block sand particles from splashing.

[0170] 4) Real-time monitoring and data acquisition process during the experiment;

[0171] Data Acquisition System Initialization: Before starting the test, start the industrial-grade data acquisition system, perform zero-point calibration on all sensors, and confirm that the signals of the force sensor, strain gauge, vibration sensor, temperature sensor, laser displacement sensor, leakage sensor, and dust sensor are normal. Set the sampling rate to 1000Hz.

[0172] Real-time monitoring of all parameters: Three types of data are collected simultaneously during the experiment:

[0173] Mechanical parameters: lateral load, vertical load, stress and strain at critical locations on the main shaft or hub;

[0174] Condition parameters: bearing vibration value, temperature value, wheel hub radial displacement, tire wear;

[0175] Sealing parameters: leakage rate and leakage location in water spray test, sand and dust intrusion rate and deformation of sealing structure in sandblasting test.

[0176] Closed-loop monitoring and early warning: The control system compares the monitoring data with the set thresholds in real time. When abnormalities such as overload, abnormal temperature, excessive leakage, or excessive sand and dust intrusion occur, an alarm is automatically triggered and the test is suspended. All data at the time of the abnormality are stored simultaneously to achieve fault tracing.

[0177] Data Synchronization and Storage: All monitoring data is stored synchronously according to timestamps, automatically completing data filtering and marking the number of cycles to support subsequent rain flow counting and fatigue damage calculation.

[0178] 5) Mid-test inspection and shutdown process;

[0179] Periodic mid-process checks: every 10 completed 6 During the second load cycle, the system automatically pauses loading and environmental simulation, and stops after the guide wheel slows down. The test personnel check the appearance of the test piece (cracks, wear, deformation), remeasure key dimensions, check the integrity of the sealing structure, clean the surface sand and water, record the inspection data, and then restart the test.

[0180] Test completion shutdown: When the set total number of cycles is reached or the failure judgment condition is triggered, shut down the water spray or sandblasting unit in sequence, then gradually unload the lateral and torsional loads, and finally unload the vertical preload. The guide wheel gradually slows down until the machine stops.

[0181] Post-processing and evaluation: Export all test data, combine with material SN curves to complete fatigue damage calculation and life prediction, and simultaneously generate a sealing performance evaluation report to complete the closed loop of this test.

[0182] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test bench method for a straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the fatigue load spectrum and environmental loading parameters corresponding to the guide wheel assembly, and complete the installation, fixing and centering calibration of the guide wheel assembly; S2. Drive the guide wheel assembly to rotate at a preset speed according to the fatigue load spectrum, and apply vertical load, lateral load and torsional load simultaneously to form a three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition. S3. Based on the environmental loading parameters, the water spraying device and the sandblasting device are synchronously controlled to simulate the environment, so that the guide wheel assembly can synchronously bear the three-degree-of-freedom coupled load and environmental erosion in the rotating state, in order to simulate the complex working conditions in the actual operation process. S4. During the simultaneous operation of the three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition and the environmental simulation condition, the mechanical parameters, state parameters and sealing parameters of the guide wheel assembly are collected in real time. S5. Based on the collected mechanical parameters, state parameters, and sealing parameters, fatigue damage assessment and sealing performance assessment of the guide wheel assembly are performed respectively.

2. The test method for the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the fatigue load spectrum and environmental loading parameters corresponding to the guide wheel assembly includes: The lateral force, vertical force, rotational speed, and temperature time history data of the guide wheel under different routes and vehicle speeds were collected through actual vehicle testing. After data preprocessing, the load amplitude and frequency distribution were statistically obtained by rain flow counting method. Then, the average stress was corrected by the correction formula and the equivalent damage was transformed based on Miner's linear cumulative damage theory to generate the bench fatigue load spectrum. Based on the climate and dust environment data of the actual vehicle operation route, and in conjunction with the test standards, specific parameters including rainfall intensity, spray flow rate, dust concentration and particle size distribution were determined, and a water spraying and sandblasting test parameter table was generated, which constitutes the environmental loading parameters.

3. The test method for the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simultaneous application of vertical load, lateral load, and torsional load forms a three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading condition, including: The vertical preload is applied by the vertical load application unit via a servo electric cylinder, the alternating lateral load is applied by the lateral load application unit via a hydraulic actuator, and the small-angle torsional or oscillating load is applied by the rotary actuator.

4. The test method for the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for enabling the guide wheel assembly to simultaneously withstand three-degree-of-freedom coupled loads and environmental erosion during rotation includes: A step-by-step loading strategy was adopted. First, a portion of the design load and some environmental loading parameters were applied for a pre-test. After confirming that there were no abnormalities, the full design load and all environmental loading parameters were applied for the formal test.

5. The test method for the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fatigue damage assessment includes: The stress or strain time series data in the collected mechanical parameters are low-pass filtered to obtain effective stress history data. The effective stress history data are statistically analyzed using the rainflow counting method to obtain the equivalent stress amplitude at each level and its cycle number. The critical cycle number is obtained by matching the material SN curve. The total cumulative fatigue damage is calculated based on Miner's linear cumulative damage theory. The fatigue life is determined based on the total cumulative fatigue damage.

6. The test method for the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing performance evaluation includes: In the water spray test, the leakage amount and leakage time in the sealing parameters are collected in real time by the leakage sensor, and the water spray sealing performance is judged to be qualified based on the leakage amount. In the sandblasting test, the dust intrusion signal in the sealing parameters is collected in real time by the dust sensor. When the sealing structure is undamaged and deformed after the test and the dust does not intrude into the bearing and spindle, the sandblasting sealing performance is deemed qualified.

7. The test method for the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the modified Miner theory, a multi-condition coupled fatigue life prediction model is constructed. The life prediction model takes the total cumulative fatigue damage, the damage acceleration coefficient corresponding to the environmental loading parameters, and the material SN curve as input parameters to calculate the total fatigue life and equivalent operating mileage of the guide wheel under different load and environmental superposition conditions.

8. The test method for the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of real-time acquisition of the mechanical parameters, state parameters, and sealing parameters of the guide wheel assembly includes: The system compares the collected mechanical parameters, state parameters, and sealing parameters with preset thresholds in real time. When the system detects excessive load, abnormal temperature, excessive leakage, or excessive sand and dust intrusion, it triggers an alarm and suspends the test. At the same time, it stores all data at the time of the abnormality for fault tracing.

9. A straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly test bench apparatus, used to implement the straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly test bench method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The guide wheel assembly connection device is located on the top of the test base and is used to install and position the guide wheel assembly; The drive unit is located on one side of the top of the test base, and its output end is connected to the main shaft of the guide wheels to drive the guide wheels to rotate. A vertical load application unit is located at the top of the guide wheel assembly connection device and is used to apply a vertical preload. A lateral load application unit is located on both sides of the guide wheel assembly connecting device and is used to apply alternating lateral loads. A water spray device is installed on the outside of the guide wheel assembly to simulate a rainfall environment and conduct a water spray sealing test on the guide wheel assembly; A sandblasting device, located on the outside of the guide wheel assembly, is used to spray sand and dust onto the sealed parts of the guide wheel assembly to simulate a sand and dust erosion environment; The monitoring and acquisition unit is located on the outside of the guide wheel assembly connecting device. It includes strain gauges at dangerous locations and sealing monitoring sensors, and is used to collect the mechanical parameters, state parameters and sealing parameters of the guide wheel assembly in real time.

10. The straddle-type monorail guide wheel assembly test bench device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer side of the guide wheel assembly connecting device is provided with a composite support, guide wheel mounting fasteners and a standardized flange positioning boss. The composite support is used for loading loads in three directions. The guide wheel mounting fasteners fix the guide wheel assembly to the guide wheel assembly connecting device through the guide wheel assembly connecting device. Standardized flange positioning bosses are used to position the guide wheels.

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