Mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material impermeability test specimen forming method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of building material testing, and provides a mortar type outer wall waterproof material impermeability test piece forming method, which comprises the following steps: assembling a first template and a first separator in a preset mode to obtain a plurality of first mold cavities, and placing a forming base plate in the first mold cavities to form a forming base; assembling a second template and a second separator on the forming base to form a plurality of second mold cavities; filling waterproof material in the second mold cavities, and then paving and pressing a reinforcing net; assembling a third template and a third separator on the reinforcing net to form a plurality of third mold cavities; filling waterproof material in the third mold cavities again, and then compacting and smoothing; removing all the templates and separators after primary curing to obtain an intermediate test piece with a forming base plate; and removing the excess reinforcing net and the forming base plate after continuing curing to a specified age to obtain a target test piece. The method realizes standardized preparation of the composite test piece, fast and non-destructive demolding, precise control of the layered thickness and the position of the reinforcing net, and effectively guarantees the standardization of test piece preparation and the consistency of the results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building material testing technology, and in particular to a method for molding a water-impermeable specimen of a mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material. Background Technology

[0002] The impermeability of building exterior wall waterproofing materials is one of the key indicators for evaluating the quality of the project. The industry standard "Technical Specification for Waterproofing Engineering of Building Exterior Walls" (JGJ / T 235) specifies a hydrostatic pressure test method for detecting the impermeability of building exterior wall waterproofing materials. Specifically, the method involves placing a 150mm × 150mm test specimen on a test plate with at least 25 holes of 5mm diameter. Medium-speed qualitative filter paper is placed between the specimen and the test plate (such as an acrylic sheet). An acrylic tube with an inner diameter of 100mm and a height greater than or equal to 1000mm is then bonded to the center of the specimen using sealant. Grade III water conforming to GB / T 6682 is injected into the tube. After standing for 2 hours, water stains are observed on both sides of the filter paper to determine the impermeability of the specimen.

[0003] However, the aforementioned testing methods only specify the operational requirements for the testing process, without providing details on the mold construction of the specimens and the corresponding molding methods. The regulations regarding the specific structure, dimensional accuracy, and connection methods of the testing equipment are also rather vague. Due to the lack of unified and standardized specimen preparation methods and testing equipment standards, parallel test results often differ significantly between different testing units, and even between different personnel within the same testing unit. This severely affects the accuracy and consistency of the test results, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of quality control for building exterior wall waterproofing materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials, which solves the defects in the prior art such as missing specimen molding molds, vague specifications of testing equipment, disconnect between specimen substrate and actual working conditions, difficulty in determining seepage due to uneven water pressure distribution, and lack of unified matching between molding and testing procedures. It achieves the effects of standardized specimen molding, standardized testing process, accurate and consistent test results, and high consistency with actual engineering.

[0005] A method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: The first template and the first partition are horizontally assembled on the water platform according to a preset method to form multiple first mold cavities; Multiple molding substrates are placed in multiple first mold cavities to obtain a molding base; A second template and a second separator are horizontally assembled on the molding base to form a plurality of second mold cavities that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first mold cavities. The prepared mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material is filled into the multiple second mold cavities, and then compacted and smoothed. Multiple reinforcing meshes are horizontally laid on the multiple second mold cavities containing waterproof material in a prescribed manner, and each reinforcing mesh is gently pressed into the upper surface of the waterproof material; A third template and a third separator are assembled on the reinforcing mesh to form a plurality of third mold cavities that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of second mold cavities; The prepared mortar-based waterproof material is filled into the third mold cavity, compacted, and smoothed. After the initial curing, the third template, the first template, the second template, the first separator, the third separator, and the second separator are removed in sequence to obtain an intermediate test piece with the molded substrate and the reinforcing mesh. After continuing to cure for the specified age, remove the excess reinforcing mesh around the intermediate test piece and the molded substrate at the bottom of the intermediate test piece to obtain the target test piece.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the molded substrate is made of external wall insulation material, and the planar dimensions of the molded substrate are 150mm×150mm, and the thickness is greater than or equal to 40mm; The first template and the first separator are made of block material, both with the same thickness as the molding substrate; the length of the first separator is 150mm; first screw holes and second screw holes are pre-set at multiple predetermined positions on the first template; The first template and the first separator are horizontally assembled on the horizontal platform to obtain multiple first mold cavities with a planar size of 150mm×150mm. The multiple molding substrates are placed in the multiple first mold cavities to form a molding base with a flat surface.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second template and the second separator are made of acrylic or silicone material, both with the same thickness of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm or 10mm, and a thickness error of ±0.1mm; a plurality of first through holes and second through holes are pre-set on the second template, corresponding one-to-one with the diameter and position of the first screw holes and second screw holes on the first template; a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are pre-set on the inner side of the second template, the center distance between the arc-shaped grooves being equal to 150mm + the width of the first separator; the two ends of the second separator are pre-formed with arc-shaped heads adapted to the arc-shaped grooves on the second template; the width of the second separator is the same as the width of the first separator, and the length excluding the arc-shaped heads is 150mm; The second template and the second separator are horizontally assembled on the molding base. The two ends of the second template along its length are connected by a male connector and a female connector; After passing the first screw through the first through hole on the second template, screw it into the first screw hole on the first template to connect the second template and the first template into a whole; Use an elastic connector to tighten the first screw, the male connector, and the female connector on the corresponding side; Multiple second separators are spaced apart in the arc-shaped groove of the second template, and multiple second mold cavities of the same size are formed by the molding substrate, the second separators, and the second template, which correspond one-to-one with the plane position of the first mold cavity.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material is a waterproof plastering mortar for exterior wall insulation systems, a waterproof plastering mortar for exterior wall waterproofing, a waterproof interface mortar for exterior wall waterproofing, a polymer cement waterproof mortar for exterior wall waterproofing, a polymer cement waterproof slurry for exterior wall waterproofing, or an ordinary waterproof mortar for exterior wall waterproofing; the mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material is mixed with water or matching liquid materials according to a specified ratio and stirred according to a specified system; the stirred mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material is filled into the second mold cavity, and after filling, the surface of the mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material is smoothed with a trowel, scraper, etc., until it is flush with the surface of the second mold.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing mesh is a fiberglass mesh or a galvanized welded wire mesh; the reinforcing mesh is pre-cut into multiple pieces, and the planar dimensions of each piece should be larger than the dimensions of the second mold cavity; the multiple reinforcing mesh pieces are horizontally laid and spliced ​​on the first mold cavity containing the mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material in a preset arrangement, with adjacent reinforcing meshes butted together; the reinforcing mesh should be gently pressed into the upper surface of the waterproofing material in the second mold cavity.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the third template and the third separator are made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and both have the same thickness of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm or 4mm, with a thickness error of ±0.1mm; the third template has a pre-set third through hole, the position and diameter of which match the second through hole on the second template and the second screw hole on the first template; the inner side of the third template has a pre-reserved arc-shaped groove, the position and size of which correspond one-to-one with the arc-shaped groove on the second template; the planar dimensions of the third separator are the same as those of the second separator; The second screw is passed through the third through hole on the third template and the second through hole on the second template, and screwed into the second screw hole on the first template, so that the third template, the second template and the first template are connected as a whole; Multiple third spacers are spaced apart between the third templates, and the reinforcing mesh, the third spacers, and the third templates enclose and form multiple third mold cavities of the same size that correspond one-to-one with the plane position of the second mold cavity; The mixed mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material is filled into the third mold cavity. After filling, the surface of the mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material is smoothed with a trowel, scraper, etc., until it is flush with the surface of the third mold.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: After the initial curing of the molded specimen, the third template, the first template, the second template, the first separator, the third separator, and the second separator are removed in sequence to obtain an intermediate test specimen with the molded substrate. After continuing to cure until the specified age, remove the excess reinforcing mesh around the intermediate test piece; remove the molding substrate at the bottom of the intermediate test piece, and sand away any remaining molding substrate and protruding waterproof material to obtain the target test piece; Place each of the target test pieces with the sandpaper-polished side facing down on a horizontal platform; place a rigid transparent water pipe with open ends vertically on top of the target test piece, so that the axis of the water pipe coincides with the center of the plane of the target test piece; use a waterproof sealing material to seal the outer root of the transparent water pipe to the upper surface of the target test piece. Assemble a test stand for the impermeability of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials on a water platform. The upper surface of the test stand is divided into multiple fourth mold cavities with a clear plane size greater than or equal to 150mm × 150mm by a fourth partition strip. A set of test holes is preset at the center of the bottom of each fourth mold cavity, and multiple test holes in the test hole set are arranged in a diamond pattern. Filter paper is fully laid on the upper surface of the bottom of each of the fourth mold cavities; Place the sandpaper-polished surface of each of the target test specimens with transparent water tubes facing down on the filter paper in the fourth mold cavity of the impermeability test seat, so that the center of the plane of the target test specimen coincides with the center of the plane of the fourth mold cavity; inject test water into the transparent water tubes to the preset water level, and observe whether there are water stains on the filter paper after standing for a preset time to determine the impermeability of each test specimen.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: first laying a PE waterproof membrane on the molding base, then assembling a second template and a second partition on the waterproof membrane, forming a second mold cavity by the waterproof membrane, the second template, and the second partition; filling the second mold cavity with a prepared mortar-like exterior wall waterproofing material, filling and smoothing it; after initial curing, sequentially removing the second template, molding base, waterproof membrane, and second partition to obtain an impermeable specimen without a molding substrate and without a reinforcing mesh; continuing curing until the expiration date, and then conducting an impermeability test.

[0013] The present invention provides a method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials. This method enables the simultaneous preparation of multiple parallel specimens in a single operation, with each specimen having identical dimensions and reinforcing mesh positions. Through detachable connections between components and a pre-designed splicing layout of molding bases, the entire molding and demolding process is convenient and efficient, eliminating the need for destructive demolding. This method achieves standardized and regulated operation of impermeable specimen preparation and demolding of mortar-based waterproofing materials, significantly improving the repeatability and processing convenience of specimen preparation. It solves the problems of missing specimen molding molds and methods, large differences between parallel specimens, and difficulty in demolding in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the molding base assembly in the molding method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a top view of the first template and the first separator in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a top view (Schematic diagram) of the combination of the second template and the second separator in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a detailed drawing (top view) of the second template and the second separator in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the reinforcing mesh assembly in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a top view (large-scale drawing) of the reinforcing mesh in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a top view of the combination of the third template and the third separator in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a top view of the third template and the third separator in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of the intermediate test specimen in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the intermediate test specimen in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram (cross-sectional view + top view) of the target test specimen in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the impermeable test stand in the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0027] Figure label: 1. Molding base; 11. First template; 111. First template end plate; 1111. First screw hole; 1112. Second screw hole; 112. First template side plate; 12. First separator; 13. First mold cavity; 14. Molding base plate; 21. Second template; 211. Male connector; 212. Female connector; 213. First through hole; 214. Second through hole; 215. First arc groove; 22. Second separator; 23. First screw; 2 4. Elastic connector; 25. Second mold cavity; 3. Reinforcing mesh; 31. Reinforcing mesh sheet one; 32. Reinforcing mesh sheet two; 41. Third template; 411. Third through hole; 412. Second arc groove; 42. Third separator; 43. Second screw; 44. Third mold cavity; 51. Intermediate test piece; 52. Target test piece; 6. Test assembly; 60. Transparent tube; 61. Test plate; 611. Test hole; 62. Fourth separator. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, the length direction and width direction are used to describe the relative positional relationship between the components, but do not constitute an absolute limitation on the actual use orientation or spatial layout of the test system. Those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust the direction definition according to the actual mold size or test platform layout, as long as it does not deviate from the structural features of the present invention.

[0030] See Figures 1 to 12 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials includes the following: The first template 11 includes a first template end plate 111 and a first template side plate 112. The first template 11 and the first partition 12 form a first mold cavity 13. A molding substrate 14 is placed in the first mold cavity 13 to form a molding base 1. The first template end plate 111 also includes a plurality of first screw holes 1111 and second screw holes 1112 opened at predetermined positions. The molding substrate 14 is made of external wall insulation materials such as EPS, XPS, PU or rock wool. The planar dimensions of the molding substrate 14 are 150mm × 150mm, and the thickness is greater than or equal to 40mm. The first template 11 and the first partition 12 are made of block materials such as EPS, XPS, PU, ​​acrylic or wood. Both have the same thickness, which is the same as the thickness of the molding substrate 14. The length of the first partition 12 is 150mm.

[0031] The second template 21 includes a male opening 211 and a matching female opening 212, a first through hole 213, a second through hole 214, and a first arc groove 215; the diameter and position of the first through hole 213 correspond one-to-one with the diameter and position of the first screw hole 1111 on the first template end plate 111, and the diameter and position of the second through hole 214 correspond one-to-one with the diameter and position of the second screw hole 1112 on the first template end plate 111. The second template 21 is horizontally assembled on the molding base 1. The two ends of the second template 21 along the length direction are connected by a male connector 211 and a female connector 212. The first screw 23 is passed through the first through hole 213 on the second template 21 and screwed into the first screw hole 1111 on the end plate 111 of the first template, so that the second template 21 and the first template 11 are connected as a whole. The first screw 23, the male connector 211 and the corresponding female connector 212 are tightened using an elastic connector 24. Multiple second separators 22 are spaced apart in the arc groove 215 of the second template 21. Multiple second mold cavities 25 of the same size are formed by the molding base plate 14, the second separators 22 and the second template 21, which correspond one-to-one with the plane position of the first mold cavity 13. The second template 21 and the second partition 22 are made of materials such as acrylic, and both have the same thickness, which can be 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm or 10mm, with a thickness error of ±0.1mm; the center distance between the arc grooves 215 on the second template 21 is equal to 150mm + the width of the first partition 12; the two ends of the second partition 22 are pre-made with arc heads that are adapted to the arc grooves 215 on the second template 21; the width of the second partition 22 is the same as the width of the first partition 12, and the length excluding the arc heads is 150mm.

[0032] Reinforcing mesh 3 comprises reinforcing mesh sheet one 31 and reinforcing mesh sheet two 32. The material of reinforcing mesh 3 is fiberglass mesh or galvanized welded wire mesh. The lengths of both reinforcing mesh sheet one 31 and reinforcing mesh sheet two 32 are greater than the width of the second template 21. Reinforcing mesh sheet two 32 is placed in the middle of the first template 21, and its width is equal to 150mm + the width of the first separator. Reinforcing mesh sheet one 31 is placed on both sides of reinforcing mesh sheet two 32, and its width is greater than 150mm + 1.5 * the width of the first separator. Reinforcing mesh sheet one 31 and reinforcing mesh sheet two 32 are butted together and cannot overlap.

[0033] The third template 41 includes a third through hole 411 and a second arc-shaped groove 412. The position and diameter of the third through hole 411 correspond to the second through hole 214 on the second template 21 and the second screw hole 1112 on the first template 11. The position and size of the arc-shaped groove 412 on the third template 41 correspond one-to-one with the arc-shaped groove 215 on the second template 21. The third template 41 and the third separator 42 are made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and both have the same thickness, which can be 1mm, 2mm, 3mm or 4mm, with a thickness error of ±0.1mm. The planar dimensions of the third separator 42 are the same as those of the second separator 22. The third template 41 is placed horizontally on the second template 21 on which the reinforcing mesh 3 has been laid. The second screw 43 is passed through the third through hole 411 and the second through hole 214 on the second template 21 and screwed into the second screw hole 1112 on the first template 11, so that the third template 41, the second template 21 and the first template 11 are connected as a whole. Multiple third partitions 42 are spaced apart between the third templates 41. Multiple third mold cavities 44 of the same size are formed by the reinforcing mesh 3, the third partitions 42 and the third templates 41, which correspond one-to-one with the plane position of the second mold cavity 25.

[0034] The intermediate test piece 51 obtained by molding includes a molding substrate 14, a reinforcing mesh 3, and a mortar-like exterior wall waterproofing material. The excess reinforcing mesh 3 around the intermediate test piece 51 and the molding substrate 14 at the bottom of the intermediate test piece 51 are removed. The remaining molding substrate 14 and protruding waterproofing material are carefully sanded off with sandpaper to obtain the target test piece 52.

[0035] Test component 6 includes test plate 61 and fourth separator 62; the fourth separator 62 is pasted in the middle of test plate 61, dividing test plate 61 into multiple fourth mold cavities with a clear plane size greater than or equal to 150mm × 150mm; the fourth separator 62 has waterproof performance and a thickness greater than or equal to 1mm; the test plate 61 body is impermeable and has a flat surface; a set of test holes is preset at the center of the bottom of the fourth mold cavity, and multiple test holes 611 in the test hole set are arranged in a diamond pattern.

[0036] Filter paper is fully covered on the upper surface of the test plate 61 at the bottom of each fourth mold cavity.

[0037] Place the sandpaper-polished surface of the target test specimen 52, obtained above, downwards, on top of the filter paper in the fourth mold cavity of the test holder 6, so that the center of the plane of the target test specimen 52 coincides with the center of the plane of the fourth mold cavity; place the rigid transparent tube 60 vertically on top of the target test specimen 52, so that the axis of the transparent tube 60 coincides with the center of the plane of the target test specimen 52, and seal the outer root of the transparent tube 60 to the upper surface of the target test specimen 52 using a waterproof sealing material; inject test water into the transparent tube 60 to the preset water level, and after standing for a preset time, observe whether there are water stains on the filter paper to determine the water impermeability of each specimen.

[0038] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, the method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials provided by the present invention has at least the following advantages: The first mold cavity 13 is formed by the first template 11 and the first separator 12, and the molding substrate 14 is placed in it to form the molding base 1. Then, the second template 21 and the second separator 22 are assembled on the molding base 1 to form the second mold cavity 25. Finally, the third template 41 and the third separator 42 are assembled on the reinforcing mesh 3 to form the third mold cavity 44. This achieves the standardized and regulated preparation of multi-layer composite specimens with molding substrate 14 and reinforcing mesh 3, and effectively solves the problems of missing specimen molding molds and molding methods and large differences between parallel specimens in the prior art.

[0039] The second template 21 is fixedly connected to the first template 11 by a first screw 23 passing through the first through hole 213 and screwed into the first screw hole 1111. The first screw 23, the male connector 211 and the female connector 212 are tightened by an elastic connector 24. The third template 41 is fixedly connected to the second template 21 and the first template 11 by a second screw 43 passing through the third through hole 411 and the second through hole 214 and screwed into the second screw hole 1112. This makes the entire mold stable during the secondary filling and leveling process, preventing the template from shifting or warping due to the lateral pressure of the mortar. At the same time, it is convenient to disassemble the mold and replace templates of different thicknesses to adjust the thickness of the specimen, which improves the applicability and reusability of the mold.

[0040] By using the first arc-shaped groove 215 reserved on the inner side of the second template 21 to fit and engage with the arc-shaped heads prefabricated at both ends of the second separator 22, and the second arc-shaped groove 412 reserved on the inner side of the third template 41 to fit and engage with the arc-shaped heads prefabricated at both ends of the third separator 42, each separator can be accurately positioned in the predetermined position. Without additional measurement or temporary fixing, it can ensure that the width of each mold cavity is consistent and that the separator is perpendicular to the length direction of the template. This effectively limits the horizontal and vertical displacement of the separator during the spreading and leveling process, ensuring that the boundaries of each mold cavity are clear and the dimensions are consistent, and further improving the repeatability and standardization of the layered molding specimen.

[0041] The molding substrate 14 is placed in the first mold cavity 13 to form a molding base 1, so that each molding substrate 14 corresponds to the first mold cavity 13 one by one. This facilitates rapid demolding after the initial curing by separating the template and the separator. Furthermore, the molding substrate 14 serves as the specimen base to realistically simulate the actual working condition of waterproof material being directly applied to the insulation layer in the external wall insulation system. This makes the specimen preparation highly consistent with the actual project and enhances the engineering reference value of the test results.

[0042] By using a non-overlapping installation method between reinforcing mesh 1 31 and reinforcing mesh 2 32, and with reinforcing mesh 2 32 placed in the middle and reinforcing mesh 1 31 placed on both sides, the reinforcing mesh 3 is fully covered on each mold cavity without overlap. This avoids the problem of local thickness increase or uneven reinforcement effect caused by reinforcing mesh overlap, and further ensures the consistency of the position and performance of the reinforcing layer of each parallel specimen.

[0043] By using the second separator 22 (excluding the arc head) with a length of 150mm and the center distance of the arc groove 215 on the second template 21 equal to 150mm plus the width of the first separator 12, the net plane size of the second mold cavity 25 is kept precisely consistent with the plane size (150mm×150mm) of the molding substrate 14, ensuring that the plane boundary of each layer of mortar is completely aligned, avoiding the problem of uneven specimen edges or insufficient effective test area caused by dimensional deviation, and further improving the dimensional accuracy of the specimen.

[0044] The thickness of the second template 21 and the second separator 22 can be selected from 2 mm to 10 mm with an error control of ±0.1 mm, and the thickness of the third template 41 and the third separator 42 can be selected from 1 mm to 4 mm with an error control of ±0.1 mm. This allows the layer thickness of the specimen to be flexibly adjusted according to different material types and test requirements, and the thickness is highly consistent between batches, further improving the standardization of test parameters and the comparability of results.

[0045] Multiple fourth mold cavities, divided by the fourth separator 62 on the test plate 61, correspond one-to-one with the first mold cavity 13. The test holes 611, preset at the center of the bottom of the fourth mold cavity, are arranged in a diamond pattern. This ensures that the placement position of the specimen corresponds to the molding position during the hydrostatic pressure test. The water pressure is evenly applied to the lower surface of the specimen through the test holes 611 in the central area, improving the accuracy of the determination of the impermeability of the specimen body. At the same time, the fourth separator 62 separates each fourth mold cavity, effectively preventing mutual interference from water leakage between different specimens, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0046] After initial curing of the intermediate test specimen 51, all templates and separators are removed sequentially. After further curing to the specified age, excess reinforcing mesh 3 and bottom molding substrate 14 are removed. The remaining molding substrate 14 and protruding waterproof material are sanded off with sandpaper, resulting in a target test specimen 52 with neat boundaries, a flat lower surface, and accurate dimensions. The entire demolding process does not require destructive operations, ensuring the integrity and surface flatness of the specimen, and further improving the accuracy of the test results and the traceability of the specimen preparation.

[0047] By selecting various external wall insulation materials such as EPS, XPS, PU, ​​or rock wool for the molded substrate 14, and selecting fiberglass mesh or galvanized welded wire mesh for the reinforcing mesh 3, this method can be adapted to a variety of material combinations and is applicable to various mortar-type external wall waterproofing materials such as waterproof plastering mortar, waterproof plastering mortar, and polymer cement waterproof mortar for external insulation systems. It has wide applicability and good promotion and application value.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials, characterized in that, include: The first template and the first partition are horizontally assembled on the water platform according to a preset method to form multiple first mold cavities; Multiple molding substrates are placed in multiple first mold cavities to obtain a molding base; A second template and a second separator are horizontally assembled on the molding base to form a plurality of second mold cavities that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first mold cavities. The prepared mortar-based waterproof material is filled into the plurality of second mold cavities, and then compacted and smoothed. Multiple reinforcing meshes are horizontally laid on the multiple second mold cavities containing waterproof material in a prescribed manner, and each reinforcing mesh is gently pressed into the upper surface of the waterproof material; A third template and a third separator are assembled on the reinforcing mesh to form a plurality of third mold cavities that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of second mold cavities; The prepared mortar-based waterproof material is filled into the third mold cavity, compacted, and smoothed. After the initial curing, the third template, the first template, the second template, the first separator, the third separator, and the second separator are removed in sequence to obtain an intermediate test piece with the molded substrate and the reinforcing mesh. After continuing to cure for the specified age, remove the excess reinforcing mesh around the intermediate test piece and the molded substrate at the bottom of the intermediate test piece to obtain the target test piece.

2. The method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molded substrate is made of external wall insulation material, and the planar dimensions of the molded substrate are 150mm×150mm, and the thickness is greater than or equal to 40mm. The first template and the first separator are made of block material, both with the same thickness as the molding substrate; the length of the first separator is 150mm; first screw holes and second screw holes are pre-set at multiple predetermined positions on the first template; The first template and the first separator are horizontally assembled on the horizontal platform to obtain multiple first mold cavities with a planar size of 150mm×150mm. The multiple molding substrates are placed in the multiple first mold cavities to form a molding base with a flat surface.

3. The method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second template and the second separator are made of acrylic or silicone, both with the same thickness of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, or 10mm, with a thickness error of ±0.1mm. Multiple first and second through holes are pre-set on the second template, corresponding one-to-one in position and diameter to the first and second screw holes on the first template. Multiple arc-shaped grooves are pre-set on the inner side of the second template, with the center distance between the arc-shaped grooves equal to 150mm + the width of the first separator. The two ends of the second separator are pre-formed with arc-shaped heads that fit the arc-shaped grooves on the second template. The width of the second separator is the same as the width of the first separator, and its length excluding the arc-shaped heads is 150mm. The second template and the second separator are horizontally assembled on the molding base. The two ends of the second template along its length are connected by a male connector and a female connector; After passing the first screw through the first through hole on the second template, screw it into the first screw hole on the first template to connect the second template and the first template into a whole; Use an elastic connector to tighten the first screw, the male connector, and the female connector on the corresponding side; Multiple second separators are spaced apart in the arc-shaped groove of the second template, and multiple second mold cavities of the same size are formed by the molding substrate, the second separators, and the second template, which correspond one-to-one with the plane position of the first mold cavity.

4. The method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material includes waterproof plastering mortar for exterior wall insulation systems, waterproof plastering mortar for exterior wall waterproofing, waterproof interface mortar for exterior wall waterproofing, polymer cement waterproof mortar for exterior wall waterproofing, polymer cement waterproof slurry for exterior wall waterproofing, or ordinary waterproof mortar for exterior wall waterproofing. The mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material is mixed with water or matching liquid materials according to the specified ratio and stirred according to the specified system. The stirred mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material is filled into the second mold cavity, and after compaction, the surface of the mortar-type exterior wall waterproofing material is smoothed to be flush with the surface of the second mold plate using a trowel, scraper, etc.

5. The method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The reinforcing mesh is a fiberglass mesh or a galvanized welded wire mesh; the reinforcing mesh is pre-cut into multiple pieces, and the planar dimensions of each piece should be larger than the dimensions of the second mold cavity; the multiple reinforcing mesh pieces are horizontally laid out and spliced ​​on the first mold cavity containing the mortar-like waterproof material in a preset arrangement, with adjacent reinforcing meshes joined together; the reinforcing mesh should be gently pressed into the upper surface of the waterproof material in the second mold cavity.

6. The method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The third template and the third separator are made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, with the same thickness of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, or 4mm and a thickness error of ±0.1mm. The third template has a pre-set third through hole, the position and diameter of which correspond to the second through hole on the second template and the second screw hole on the first template. The inner side of the third template has a pre-reserved arc-shaped groove, the position and size of which correspond one-to-one with the arc-shaped groove on the second template. The planar dimensions of the third separator are the same as those of the second separator. The second screw is passed through the third through hole on the third template and the second through hole on the second template, and screwed into the second screw hole on the first template, so that the third template, the second template and the first template are connected as a whole; Multiple third spacers are spaced apart between the third templates, and the reinforcing mesh, the third spacers, and the third templates enclose and form multiple third mold cavities of the same size that correspond one-to-one with the plane position of the second mold cavity; The mixed mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material is filled into the third mold cavity. After filling, the surface of the mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing material is smoothed with a trowel, scraper, etc., until it is flush with the surface of the third mold.

7. The method for molding impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Also includes: After the initial curing of the molded specimen, the third template, the first template, the second template, the first separator, the third separator, and the second separator are removed in sequence to obtain an intermediate test specimen with the molded substrate. After continuing to cure until the specified age, remove the excess reinforcing mesh around the intermediate test piece; remove the molding substrate at the bottom of the intermediate test piece, and sand away any remaining molding substrate and protruding waterproof material to obtain the target test piece; Place each of the target test pieces with the sandpaper-polished side facing down on a horizontal platform; place a rigid transparent water pipe with open ends vertically on top of the target test piece, so that the axis of the water pipe coincides with the center of the plane of the target test piece; use a waterproof sealing material to seal the outer root of the transparent water pipe to the upper surface of the target test piece. Assemble a test stand for the impermeability of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials on a water platform. The upper surface of the test stand is divided into multiple fourth mold cavities with a clear plane size greater than or equal to 150mm × 150mm by a fourth partition strip. A set of test holes is preset at the center of the bottom of each fourth mold cavity, and multiple test holes in the test hole set are arranged in a diamond pattern. Filter paper is fully laid on the upper surface of the bottom of each of the fourth mold cavities; Place the sandpaper-polished surface of each of the target test specimens with transparent water tubes facing down on the filter paper in the fourth mold cavity of the impermeability test seat, so that the center of the plane of the target test specimen coincides with the center of the plane of the fourth mold cavity; inject test water into the transparent water tubes to the preset water level, and observe whether there are water stains on the filter paper after standing for a preset time to determine the impermeability of each test specimen.

8. The method for forming impermeable specimens of mortar-based exterior wall waterproofing materials according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Also includes: First, a PE waterproof membrane is laid on the molding base. Then, the second template and the second partition are assembled on the waterproof membrane. The second mold cavity is formed by the waterproof membrane, the second template, and the second partition. The prepared mortar-like exterior wall waterproof material is filled into the second mold cavity, compacted, and smoothed. After initial curing, the second template, molding base, waterproof membrane, and second partition are removed in sequence to obtain an impermeable specimen without a molding substrate and without reinforcing mesh. After the curing period, the impermeability test is carried out.

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