Shaft type water measuring weir device and earth-rock dam seepage flow monitoring method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610935433.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-13
AI Technical Summary
[0006]但是现有对于中厚覆盖层上的土石坝渗流量监测设施存在以下缺陷：（1）传统量水堰装置适配性差：传统量水堰为开敞式，多针对无覆盖层或薄层覆盖层土石坝设计，未针对中厚覆盖层强透水特性优化结构，无法有效汇集坝体及坝基各部位的渗流，难以全面、准确反映坝体实际渗流状态
（1）本发明的一种竖井式量水堰装置，包括：截渗墙、竖井、格宾反滤笼、格宾石笼、薄壁堰、液位计、集水井、潜水泵、水质监测仪和自动控制系统；所述截渗墙垂直埋设于土石坝的中厚覆盖层地基内，截渗墙的下游侧设有竖井，所述竖井通过渗流通道连通至截渗墙的上游侧，用于将截渗墙拦截的坝体渗流水集中汇入竖井内；所述渗流通道内沿截渗墙至竖井的方向依次填充格宾反滤笼和格宾石笼；所述竖井竖直埋设于土石坝渗流出口处，其底部与土石坝渗流区域连通，顶部伸出地面；所述竖井内部设置薄壁堰，薄壁堰上游侧设置有液位计，薄壁堰下游侧设置集水井，集水井内设置潜水泵和水质监测仪；所述与液位计、潜水泵和水质监测仪分别与自动控制系统电连接。通过量水堰设置为封闭式结构，渗流路径清晰，不受环境干扰，渗流量测量稳定准确，精度高，全自动化测量，效率提升。
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Figure CN122901037A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of seepage flow monitoring technology for earth-rock dams, specifically to a vertical shaft-type water measuring weir device and a method for monitoring seepage flow in earth-rock dams. Background Technology
[0002] Earth-rock dams are widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects due to their advantages such as convenient material sourcing, relatively low construction difficulty, and strong adaptability to terrain. Currently, there are approximately 95,000 reservoirs in my country, of which 92% are earth-rock dams. Seepage flow, as a core monitoring indicator reflecting the seepage field state of earth-rock dams, the effectiveness of the seepage prevention system, and the overall safety of the dam body and foundation, has irreplaceable engineering significance and safety value.
[0003] First, seepage flow directly reflects the working status of the dam body and its foundation seepage control structure. By continuously monitoring the magnitude, variation patterns, and stability of seepage flow, it is possible to promptly determine whether seepage control and drainage facilities such as cutoff walls, curtain grouting, and drainage bodies are intact, and whether there is localized damage, failure, or blockage, providing direct evidence for the safety assessment of the seepage control system. Second, seepage flow monitoring is a crucial means of early warning of seepage failure and preventing dam failure accidents. Earth-rock dams are prone to seepage deformation such as piping, soil erosion, and contact scouring under high water heads. Abnormal increases in seepage flow or turbidity in the seepage are often early signs of seepage failure. Timely detection of such anomalies allows for early warning and engineering intervention, preventing the escalation of the danger or even the risk of dam failure, and ensuring the safety of downstream people's lives and property as well as the safe operation of the project. Finally, seepage flow monitoring data provides support for the long-term safe operation, health diagnosis, and scientific scheduling of earth-rock dams. By analyzing the correlation between seepage flow and factors such as reservoir water level, upstream and downstream water level difference, time, and rainfall, we can establish the evolution law of the seepage field between the dam body and dam foundation, assess the working state of the dam, and determine whether there are potential hidden dangers such as abnormal settlement, structural damage, and internal cracks. This provides quantitative data support for dam safety assessment, reinforcement, and optimized scheduling.
[0004] Therefore, accurate, stable, and reliable seepage monitoring is a core technical aspect to ensure the long-term safe operation of earth-rock dams, and an essential component throughout the entire process of engineering design, construction, operation, and management.
[0005] Currently, the commonly used methods for monitoring seepage flow in earth-rock dams with medium-thick overburden layers include the following: Weir method: A weir is installed downstream of the dam, and the seepage flow is introduced into the weir body through a collection ditch. The seepage flow is calculated based on the weir type and the water level upstream of the weir. Velocity measurement method: Seepage water downstream of the dam is introduced into a drainage ditch. The seepage flow is calculated by measuring the seepage velocity and the cross-sectional area of the water passage. Piezometer monitoring method: Piezometers are installed inside the dam body to collect pore water pressure data at different parts of the dam body in real time, thereby calculating the seepage velocity and seepage flow.
[0006] However, the existing facilities for monitoring seepage flow in earth-rock dams with medium-thick overburden have the following defects: (1) Poor adaptability of traditional water measuring weir devices: Traditional water measuring weirs are open and are mostly designed for earth-rock dams without overburden or with thin overburden. They are not optimized for the strong permeability characteristics of medium-thick overburden, and cannot effectively collect seepage from various parts of the dam body and foundation, making it difficult to comprehensively and accurately reflect the actual seepage state of the dam body. (2) Low accuracy and poor stability of piezometer monitoring method and velocity measurement method: Velocity measurement method is greatly limited by the scene, the monitoring accuracy is unstable, and the monitoring environment requirements are high; Piezometer monitoring method has high equipment cost, complex installation and burial, is easily affected by dam foundation settlement, has high data distortion rate, and is difficult to maintain.
[0007] In summary, existing methods and devices for monitoring seepage flow in earth-rock dams are not well adapted to the geological characteristics and monitoring needs of earth-rock dams with medium-thick overburden layers. They suffer from poor adaptability, low monitoring accuracy, and inconvenient installation and maintenance. There is an urgent need for a water-measuring weir device and corresponding design method that can solve the above defects, be adapted to earth-rock dams with medium-thick overburden layers, provide accurate monitoring, be easy to install, and have a scientific design. Summary of the Invention
[0008] This invention aims to provide a vertical shaft-type water measuring weir device and a method for monitoring the seepage flow of earth-rock dams that can accurately monitor the seepage flow of earth-rock dams over a long period of time.
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a vertical shaft type water measuring weir device, including: a seepage intercepting wall, a vertical shaft, a gabion filter cage, a gabion stone cage, a thin-walled weir, a level gauge, a water collection well, a submersible pump, a water quality monitoring instrument, and an automatic control system.
[0010] The cutoff wall is vertically buried in the medium-thick overburden foundation of the earth-rock dam. A vertical shaft is provided on the downstream side of the cutoff wall. The vertical shaft is connected to the upstream side of the cutoff wall through a seepage channel, which is used to concentrate the seepage water intercepted by the cutoff wall into the vertical shaft. The seepage channel is filled with gabion filter cages and gabion stone cages in sequence along the direction from the cutoff wall to the vertical shaft; The vertical shaft is vertically buried at the seepage outlet of the earth-rock dam, with its bottom connected to the seepage area of the earth-rock dam and its top extending out of the ground; a thin-walled weir is set inside the vertical shaft, a level gauge is set on the upstream side of the thin-walled weir, and a water collection well is set on the downstream side of the thin-walled weir, with a submersible pump and a water quality monitoring instrument installed in the water collection well. The level gauge, submersible pump, and water quality monitor are electrically connected to the automatic control system.
[0011] In one embodiment, an impermeable layer of not less than 0.5m is embedded at the bottom of the cutoff wall.
[0012] In one embodiment, a copper sheet is provided at the gap between the vertical shaft and the cutoff wall. The copper sheet is arranged along the full circumference of the contact gap and is embedded in the vertical shaft wall and the cutoff wall for no less than 10 cm.
[0013] In one embodiment, the thin-walled weir plate is made of stainless steel with a thickness of 8-10 mm. A triangular overflow notch is provided on the weir plate, with an included angle of 60°-90° and a width of 0.5-1.0 m.
[0014] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the shaft is 1.2-1.5m, the wall thickness is not less than 10cm, and the inner wall of the shaft is coated with an epoxy anti-corrosion coating with a coating thickness of 0.3-0.5mm.
[0015] In one embodiment, both the gabion filter cage and the gabion stone cage are woven from galvanized low-carbon steel wire. The gabion filter cage is filled in layers with mesh sizes of 2-4mm, 4-8mm, and 8-16mm, and the gabion stone cage is filled with granite with a particle size of 16-32mm.
[0016] In one embodiment, the level gauge is an immersion level sensor with a range of 0-5m, installed 3-5 times the highest head of the thin-walled weir upstream, and has a measurement accuracy of not less than ±0.1mm.
[0017] In one embodiment, the submersible pump is a flow-adjustable submersible sewage pump with a flow range of 10m³ / h-50m³ / h, a head of 5m-10m, and a motor protection rating of not less than IP68. The automatic control system uses intermittent control of the submersible pump's start and stop based on the liquid level.
[0018] In one embodiment, a monitoring device is also installed at the top of the shaft, and the monitoring device is electrically connected to the automatic control system; The monitoring device is a camera with a built-in AI recognition module, which is used to automatically identify abnormal water flow, equipment failure or foreign object blockage, and issue early warning signals.
[0019] A second aspect of this application provides a method for monitoring seepage flow in an earth-rock dam using a vertical shaft-type weir device as described above, the method comprising: Step 1: Install a cutoff wall at a predetermined location downstream of the drainage body after the earth-rock dam, and embed the cutoff wall into the impermeable layer for no less than 0.5m; Step 2: Open seepage channels at the corresponding positions of the cutoff wall and the shaft, and fill them with gabion filter cages and gabion stone cages in sequence; Step 3: Install copper sheet waterproofing at the contact gap between the cutoff wall and the shaft; Step 4: Install a thin-walled weir in the middle of the vertical shaft, install a level gauge on the upstream side, and set up a water collection well on the downstream side. Install a submersible pump and a water quality monitoring instrument in the water collection well. Step 5: Install monitoring equipment at the top of the shaft; Step 6: Set up an automatic control system, connecting the level gauge, submersible pump, water quality monitor, and monitoring equipment to achieve data acquisition, equipment control, and early warning functions; Step 7: Monitor the water level in front of the weir using a level gauge, calculate the seepage flow, and use a submersible pump to control the water level in the collection well to ensure free outflow from the thin-walled weir.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) A vertical shaft type water measuring weir device of the present invention includes: a cutoff wall, a vertical shaft, a gabion filter cage, a gabion stone cage, a thin-walled weir, a level gauge, a collection well, a submersible pump, a water quality monitor, and an automatic control system; the cutoff wall is vertically buried in the medium-thick overburden foundation of the earth-rock dam, and a vertical shaft is provided on the downstream side of the cutoff wall. The vertical shaft is connected to the upstream side of the cutoff wall through a seepage channel to collect the seepage water intercepted by the cutoff wall into the vertical shaft; the seepage channel is filled with gabion filter cages and gabion stone cages in sequence along the direction from the cutoff wall to the vertical shaft; the vertical shaft is vertically buried at the seepage outlet of the earth-rock dam, its bottom is connected to the seepage area of the earth-rock dam, and its top extends out of the ground; a thin-walled weir is provided inside the vertical shaft, a level gauge is provided on the upstream side of the thin-walled weir, a collection well is provided on the downstream side of the thin-walled weir, and a submersible pump and a water quality monitor are provided in the collection well; the level gauge, the submersible pump, and the water quality monitor are electrically connected to the automatic control system respectively. By setting the water measuring weir as a closed structure, the seepage path is clear and unaffected by environmental interference, the seepage flow measurement is stable, accurate, and highly precise, and the fully automated measurement improves efficiency.
[0021] (2) The present invention has a simplified structure and is easy to install. It effectively solves the problem of poor adaptability of traditional water measuring weirs. It adopts a simple vertical shaft structure, which can significantly reduce the amount of engineering work and reduce construction and installation costs by 50%. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to the present invention.
[0024] In the diagram: 1. Cutoff wall; 2. Shaft; 3. Gabion filter cage; 4. Gabion stone cage; 5. Thin-walled weir; 6. Level gauge; 7. Collection well; 8. Copper sheet water stop. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.
[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0027] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.
[0028] Please see Figure 1 A vertical shaft type 2 water measuring weir device according to one embodiment includes: a seepage intercepting wall 1, a vertical shaft 2, a gabion filter cage 3, a gabion stone cage 4, a thin-walled weir 5, a level gauge 6, a water collection well 7, a submersible pump, a water quality monitoring instrument, and an automatic control system. The cutoff wall 1 is vertically buried in the medium-thick overburden foundation at a predetermined position downstream of the dam drainage body, with an impermeable layer embedded at the bottom of no less than 0.5m. It is used to intercept the seepage water of the dam body, prevent the water flow from spreading, and ensure that the seepage water is concentrated and flows into the monitoring area. A seepage channel is opened on the side of the cutoff wall 1 near the vertical shaft 2, corresponding to the contact part of the vertical shaft 2. The hole size is matched with the estimated seepage flow range, and the hole diameter is 30-50cm, so that the seepage water flows smoothly into the vertical shaft 2. It is formed by pouring new C30 concrete on the basis of the original concrete anti-seepage wall, with seepage channels reserved during the pouring process; The interior of the hole is filled with gabion filter cages 3 and gabion stone cages 4 in sequence from one side of the cutoff wall 1 to the other side of the shaft 2. The gabion filter cages 3 are used to achieve the reverse filtration of seepage water and prevent the silt in the cover layer from entering the shaft 2 with the water flow and causing siltation. The gabion stone cages 4 are used to assist drainage, stabilize the hole structure, and prevent the hole from collapsing. The vertical shaft 2 is the core support and monitoring unit of the device. It is vertically buried at the seepage outlet of the medium-thick overburden earth-rock dam. Its bottom is connected to the seepage area of the earth-rock dam, and its top extends 0.3-0.5m above the ground to facilitate equipment installation and maintenance. A thin-walled weir 5 is fixedly installed in the middle of the vertical shaft 2. The thin-walled weir 5 is vertically installed on the inner wall of the vertical shaft 2 and serves as the core component for seepage water flow and flow rate measurement, ensuring that the seepage water flows through the thin-walled weir 5 in a standardized manner. An immersion level gauge 6 is arranged on the upstream side of the thin-walled weir 5 as a water level measurement unit. It is used to monitor the water level in front of the weir in real time during the flow of the thin-walled weir 5. By using the correspondence between water level and flow rate, the flow rate can be accurately calculated and determined. A water collection well 7 is set on the downstream side of the thin-walled weir 5. The water collection well 7 is integrally cast with the vertical shaft 2. Its bottom is 0.4-0.6m lower than the bottom elevation of the thin-walled weir 5. It is used to receive the overflow water flow of the thin-walled weir 5. A submersible pump is fixedly installed in the collection well 7. The start-up and stop water levels of the submersible pump are set manually through an automatic control system to pump out the seepage water in the collection well 7 at regular intervals or automatically, ensuring that the water level in the collection well 7 is always lower than the bottom elevation of the thin-walled weir 5, so that the thin-walled weir 5 always maintains a free outflow state and avoids the water level from rising and affecting the accuracy of flow monitoring. At the same time, a water quality monitoring instrument is installed in the collection well 7 to monitor key water quality indicators such as turbidity, pH value, and suspended solids content of the seepage water in real time, and to detect abnormalities in the seepage water quality in a timely manner.
[0029] A copper sheet water stopper 8 is installed at the contact gap between the vertical shaft 2 and the cutoff wall 1. The copper sheet water stopper 8 is arranged along the full circumference of the contact gap and embedded in the well wall of the vertical shaft 2 and the interior of the cutoff wall 1 for no less than 10cm. This effectively blocks the leakage water from seeping out through the gap between the vertical shaft 2 and the cutoff wall 1, ensuring that all seepage water flows into the vertical shaft 2 through the pre-set holes, thus ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring data.
[0030] The level gauge 6, submersible pump, and water quality monitor are electrically connected to the automatic control system.
[0031] A monitoring camera is fixedly installed at the top of shaft 2, facing the interior of shaft 2 and the flow area of thin-walled weir 5, to provide real-time video monitoring of the entire seepage flow measurement process. The monitoring camera is electrically connected to the automatic control system and integrates AI recognition technology, which can automatically identify irregularities in the measurement process, such as abnormal water flow fluctuations, equipment failures, and foreign object blockages, and promptly issue warning signals to remind maintenance personnel to handle them in a timely manner. The background automatic control system is electrically connected to level gauge 6, submersible pump, water quality monitor, and monitoring camera respectively, realizing integrated management and control of data acquisition, equipment control, and early warning alarms. It can automatically record, compile, store, and transmit seepage flow data and water quality monitoring data. When abnormal monitoring data occurs, such as a sudden increase in seepage flow, excessive turbidity of seepage water, or abnormal pH value, the automatic control system will trigger an audible and visual alarm immediately and push the alarm information to the maintenance personnel's terminal to ensure timely handling of potential safety hazards to the dam.
[0032] In one embodiment, the thin-walled weir 5 has a stainless steel plate with a thickness of 8-10 mm. The overflow notch on the weir plate has a triangular structure with an included angle of 60°-90°, preferably 75°. The width of the notch is set according to the leakage range of conventional reservoirs and medium-thick overburden earth-rock dams, ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 m. The bottom elevation of the notch matches the bottom seepage inlet elevation of the shaft 2. The edges of the notch are polished smooth, without burrs or protrusions, to ensure that a standard thin-walled weir 5 can be formed for free outflow, avoiding water adhesion or eddies affecting the accuracy of flow rate calculation. The thin-walled weir 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the shaft 2 with expansion bolts, and sealant is applied at the fixing point to prevent water leakage from the fixing gap.
[0033] The bottom elevation of the notch matches the bottom seepage inlet elevation of shaft 2. The edges of the notch are polished smooth, without burrs or protrusions, to ensure that a standard thin-walled weir 5 can be formed for free outflow, avoiding water flow adhesion or eddies affecting the accuracy of flow rate calculation. The thin-walled weir 5 is fixed to the inner wall of shaft 2 with expansion bolts, and sealant is applied at the fixing point to prevent water flow from seeping through the fixing gap.
[0034] In one embodiment, the shaft 2 (i.e., the shaft 2 body) is cast from reinforced concrete. The shaft 2 has an inner diameter of 1.2-1.5m and a wall thickness of not less than 10cm. The inner wall of the shaft 2 is coated with an epoxy anti-corrosion coating with a thickness of 0.3-0.5mm. This effectively prevents seepage water from corroding the shaft 2 wall, extending the overall service life of the device. Simultaneously, the smooth inner wall reduces water flow resistance and prevents water vortices from affecting monitoring accuracy. An anti-slip pad layer is installed at the bottom of the shaft 2. This pad layer is made of graded sand and gravel with a thickness of 15-20cm to stabilize the foundation of the shaft 2, accommodate settlement of the medium-thick overburden layer, and prevent the shaft 2 from tilting.
[0035] In one embodiment, the gabion filter cages 3 and 4 filling the holes between the cutoff wall 1 and the shaft 2 are both woven from galvanized low-carbon steel wire. The mesh size is designed according to the particle size of the silt in the overburden layer. The mesh size of the gabion filter cage 3 is 2-4mm, 4-8mm, and 8-16mm respectively. It is filled in layers to ensure that it can achieve step-by-step reverse filtration, effectively intercept silt and prevent siltation, while ensuring smooth flow of seepage water. The stones filled in the gabion stone cage 4 are made of hard and wear-resistant granite with a particle size of 16-32mm. The stone gradation is reasonable to ensure the stability of the stone cage structure and play a role in assisting drainage and protecting the holes. The filling height of the gabion filter cages 3 and 4 is consistent with the height of the holes. The filling is dense to avoid gaps that could cause reverse filtration failure.
[0036] In one embodiment, the level gauge 6 is a high-precision submersible level sensor (i.e., level gauge 6), with a measurement range of 0-5m. It is installed 3-5 times the highest head of the thin-walled weir 5 upstream of the weir. The sensor probe is in direct contact with the water flow, and the measurement accuracy is not less than ±0.1mm. It can collect water level data in front of the weir in real time, and the collection frequency can be adjusted by the automatic control system (1-5 minutes / time). The sensor cable is a waterproof and wear-resistant cable, which passes through the waterproof sleeve preset at the top of the vertical shaft 2 and connects to the automatic control system. The cable is firmly fixed to avoid damage or displacement caused by water flow impact, ensuring stable and reliable water level data acquisition.
[0037] In one embodiment, the selection and operation mode of the submersible pump in the sump 7 are optimized based on the seepage flow variation pattern of the medium-thick overburden earth-rock dam: the submersible pump is a flow-adjustable submersible sewage pump with a flow range of 10m³ / h-50m³ / h, and the head is determined according to the depth of the sump 7 and the drainage distance, ranging from 5m to 10m. The motor protection level is not lower than IP68, suitable for long-term underwater operation. The operation mode adopts a "liquid level linkage + intermittent operation" mode. The automatic control system adjusts the operating speed and operating time of the submersible pump according to the difference between the actual water level of the sump 7 and the preset start and stop water levels, avoiding motor wear caused by frequent start and stop of the submersible pump and extending the service life of the submersible pump. At the same time, a backup pump is set up for the submersible pump. When the main pump fails, the automatic control system automatically switches to the backup pump to ensure that the drainage work is not interrupted.
[0038] In one embodiment, the data transmission unit is integrated into the automatic control system and adopts a wireless transmission module, supporting 4G / 5G or LoRa communication modes, which can be flexibly selected according to the on-site communication conditions. It can transmit water level data collected by the level gauge 6, water quality data collected by the water quality monitor, submersible pump operating status data, and monitoring camera video data to a remote host computer (backend monitoring center) in real time. It also has local data storage function with a storage capacity of not less than 16GB, which can store no less than one year's worth of monitoring data, facilitating subsequent data analysis, traceability, and fault diagnosis. The data transmission adopts an encrypted transmission method to prevent data loss or tampering, ensuring the security and integrity of the monitoring data.
[0039] This embodiment also provides a method for monitoring the seepage flow of an earth-rock dam using the vertical shaft type 2 water-measuring weir device as described above, the method comprising: Step 1: Install a cutoff wall 1 at a predetermined location downstream of the drainage body after the earth-rock dam, and embed the cutoff wall 1 into the impermeable layer for no less than 0.5m; Step 2: Open seepage channels at the corresponding positions of the cutoff wall 1 and the shaft 2, and fill them with gabion filter cages 3 and gabion stone cages 4 in sequence; Step 3: Install copper sheet waterstop 8 in the contact gap between the cutoff wall 1 and the vertical shaft 2; Step 4: Install a thin-walled weir 5 in the middle of the vertical shaft 2, install a level gauge 6 on the upstream side, and set up a water collection well 7 on the downstream side. Install a submersible pump and a water quality monitoring instrument in the water collection well 7. Step 5: Install monitoring equipment at the top of shaft 2; Step 6: Set up an automatic control system, connecting the level gauge 6, submersible pump, water quality monitor, and monitoring equipment respectively to achieve data acquisition, equipment control, and early warning functions; Step 7: Monitor the water level in front of the weir using level gauge 6, calculate the seepage flow, and use a submersible pump to control the water level in the collection well 7 to ensure free outflow from the thin-walled weir 5.
[0040] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: 1. The anti-seepage wall behind the dam serves as a water barrier, ensuring that the seepage water from the dam can only be filtered through the gabion filter cage 3 and gabion stone cage 4 before flowing into the vertical shaft 2.
[0041] 2. The seepage flow forms a free-flowing thin-walled weir 5 in the vertical shaft 2. The water level in front of the weir is measured by a high-precision submersible water level gauge, and the seepage flow rate is calculated from this.
[0042] 3. The seepage flow flows into the sump after passing through the thin-walled weir 5. By sensing the water level changes in the sump, the submersible pump automatically starts and stops, pumping the water to the downstream river channel.
[0043] 4. The automatic control system uploads real-time recorded seepage flow data, water quality data, submersible pump operating status data, and monitoring camera video to the backend for processing and analysis.
[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A vertical shaft type water measuring weir device, characterized in that, include: Cut-off walls, vertical shafts, gabion filters, gabion stone cages, thin-walled weirs, level gauges, collection wells, submersible pumps, water quality monitoring instruments, and automatic control systems; The cutoff wall is vertically buried in the medium-thick overburden foundation of the earth-rock dam. A vertical shaft is provided on the downstream side of the cutoff wall. The vertical shaft is connected to the upstream side of the cutoff wall through a seepage channel, which is used to concentrate the seepage water intercepted by the cutoff wall into the vertical shaft. The seepage channel is filled with gabion filter cages and gabion stone cages in sequence along the direction from the cutoff wall to the vertical shaft; The vertical shaft is vertically buried at the seepage outlet of the earth-rock dam, with its bottom connected to the seepage area of the earth-rock dam and its top extending out of the ground; a thin-walled weir is set inside the vertical shaft, a level gauge is set on the upstream side of the thin-walled weir, and a water collection well is set on the downstream side of the thin-walled weir, with a submersible pump and a water quality monitoring instrument installed in the water collection well. The level gauge, submersible pump, and water quality monitor are electrically connected to the automatic control system.
2. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the cutoff wall is embedded with an impermeable layer of not less than 0.5m.
3. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Copper sheet waterstops are installed in the gap between the vertical shaft and the cutoff wall. The copper sheet waterstops are arranged along the full circumference of the contact gap and are embedded in the vertical shaft wall and the cutoff wall for no less than 10cm.
4. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thin-walled weir plate is made of stainless steel with a thickness of 8-10mm. The weir plate is provided with a triangular overflow notch with an included angle of 60°-90° and a width of 0.5-1.0m.
5. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaft has an inner diameter of 1.2-1.5m and a wall thickness of not less than 10cm. The inner wall of the shaft is coated with an epoxy anti-corrosion coating with a thickness of 0.3-0.5mm.
6. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the gabion filter cage and the gabion stone cage are woven from galvanized low-carbon steel wire. The gabion filter cage is filled in layers with mesh sizes of 2-4mm, 4-8mm, and 8-16mm. The gabion stone cage is filled with granite with a particle size of 16-32mm.
7. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The level gauge is an immersion level sensor with a range of 0-5m. It is installed 3-5 times the highest head of the thin-walled weir upstream of the weir, and its measurement accuracy is not less than ±0.1mm.
8. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The submersible pump is a flow-adjustable submersible sewage pump with a flow range of 10m³ / h-50m³ / h, a head of 5m-10m, and a motor protection rating of not less than IP68. The automatic control system uses intermittent control of the submersible pump's start and stop based on the liquid level.
9. The vertical shaft type water measuring weir device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the shaft is also equipped with monitoring equipment, which is electrically connected to the automatic control system. The monitoring device is a camera with a built-in AI recognition module, which is used to automatically identify abnormal water flow, equipment failure or foreign object blockage, and issue early warning signals.
10. A method for monitoring seepage flow in earth-rock dams, characterized in that, Using the vertical shaft-type water measuring weir device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises: Step 1: Install a cutoff wall at a predetermined location downstream of the drainage body after the earth-rock dam, and embed the cutoff wall into the impermeable layer for no less than 0.5m; Step 2: Open seepage channels at the corresponding positions of the cutoff wall and the shaft, and fill them with gabion filter cages and gabion stone cages in sequence; Step 3: Install copper sheet waterproofing at the contact gap between the cutoff wall and the shaft; Step 4: Install a thin-walled weir in the middle of the vertical shaft, install a level gauge on the upstream side, and set up a water collection well on the downstream side. Install a submersible pump and a water quality monitoring instrument in the water collection well. Step 5: Install monitoring equipment at the top of the shaft; Step 6: Set up an automatic control system, connecting the level gauge, submersible pump, water quality monitor, and monitoring equipment to achieve data acquisition, equipment control, and early warning functions; Step 7: Monitor the water level in front of the weir using a level gauge, calculate the seepage flow, and use a submersible pump to control the water level in the collection well to ensure free outflow from the thin-walled weir.