Intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment. The application discloses an intelligent sensing tray for a multi-field coupling environment simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock and soil cultural relic protection and experimental equipment technology, and in particular to an intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments. Background Technology

[0002] Rock and soil artifacts exhibit diverse preservation types and complex environments, resulting in intricate degradation mechanisms under the coupled effects of multiple fields such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, snowfall, salinity, and wind. Current research on the weathering of rock and soil artifacts faces bottlenecks, including low similarity of scaled samples, significant differences in environmental simulations, and the difficulty in superimposing the cumulative degradation caused by multiple factors. The current multi-field coupled environmental simulation laboratory, composed of a summer chamber, a wind and rain chamber, and a winter chamber, can simulate temperatures ranging from -30℃ to 60℃, relative humidity from 10% to 90%, and various climatic conditions throughout the year, including wind, rain, snow, and solar radiation. It can also conduct large-scale sample simulation experiments.

[0003] In multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments, large-sized samples require internally embedded sensors and are transported between different compartments to achieve long-term monitoring of the actual archaeological environment and sample degradation process. Current technologies lack specially designed support bases for large-sized samples, making them prone to cracking or disturbing internal sensors during movement. Furthermore, traditional trays are often solid or low-profile, failing to meet the requirements for deploying intelligent lifting transport trolleys beneath the samples. For sample degradation, internal sensor deployment and external monitoring equipment, such as infrared sensors and camera matrices, are temporarily erected around the sample, resulting in inaccurate positioning, poor stability, difficulty in standardization and repeatable positioning after sample movement, poor comparability of data from different batches, and large errors in quantifying the degree of disease development. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments to solve the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupling environment simulation experiments, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, make the transfer convenient and reliable, and make the monitoring elements standardized and repeatable.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides an intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments, comprising a base tray, a sample base, an interface array, and multiple support legs. The sample base is fixedly disposed on the base tray, and the support legs are fixedly disposed below the base tray, with a through space formed between the multiple support legs for insertion of a transport trolley. The interface array includes multiple interfaces, which are opened on the base tray and evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the sample base. The interfaces are used to insert support rods, and the support rods are provided with monitoring elements. The sample base is used to support soil artifact samples with internal sensors embedded within them.

[0006] In some embodiments, the sample base includes an outer frame, a base plate, and an internal reinforcing mesh. The outer frame is fixedly disposed on the base plate, the internal reinforcing mesh is fixedly disposed on the base plate, and the edge of the internal reinforcing mesh is fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the outer frame.

[0007] In some embodiments, the sample base further includes multiple right-angled triangular reinforcing plates, the two right-angled sides of which are respectively attached to and fixed to the outer wall of the outer frame and the top surface of the base tray, and the multiple right-angled triangular reinforcing plates are distributed around the circumference of the outer frame.

[0008] In some embodiments, a data sensing and control unit is also included. The data sensing and control unit includes a multi-protocol data acquisition unit, a power supply system, and a multi-channel signal interface. The power supply system is used to power the multi-protocol data acquisition unit and the monitoring element. The multi-protocol data acquisition unit is fixedly mounted on the base tray and located outside the sample base. The multi-protocol data acquisition unit is electrically connected to the monitoring element. The multi-channel signal interface is used to receive the output signal of the multi-protocol data acquisition unit and transmit it to the laboratory control system.

[0009] In some implementations, the data sensing and control unit further includes a synchronization clock module, which has a built-in GPS or network time synchronization interface to enable the data from the internal sensors to be synchronized with the data from the external monitoring elements at the millisecond level on the time axis.

[0010] In some embodiments, a waterproof fixing box is also included, which is fixedly mounted on the base tray and located outside the sample base, and the data sensing and control unit is disposed inside the waterproof fixing box.

[0011] In some embodiments, the support foot includes a support column and a fixed disc, with both ends of the support column fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the fixed disc and the base tray, respectively, and the fixed disc being fitted and supported against the ground.

[0012] In some embodiments, a cushioning pad is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the fixed disc, and the cushioning pad is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0013] In some embodiments, the support rod is a height-adjustable support rod with a locking device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the plurality of support legs are arranged in two rows parallel to the bottom surface of the base tray, with the two rows of support legs respectively located at two opposite sides of the base tray.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention provides an intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments. Soil artifact samples are fixedly placed on a dedicated sample base throughout the entire process. During transport, all external forces act solely on the base tray and supporting leg structure, keeping the sample and tray relatively stationary. There is no relative displacement or additional shear or compressive stress, effectively protecting the structural integrity of large-size undisturbed samples and ensuring the continuity and reliability of internal sensor monitoring over long periods. It minimizes the technical defects of sample movement leading to cracking or disturbance of internal sensors. Multiple supporting legs are arranged separately, enclosing a through-space beneath the base tray, providing a passageway for the lifting and transport trolley and a lifting operation space. The intelligent lifting and transport trolley can smoothly enter the through-space from the side of the tray, lifting and transporting the entire tray by using a lifting platform to support the bottom surface. No manual lifting or forking of the tray sides is required throughout the process. The transport process is characterized by minimal impact and stable posture, making it suitable for multi-compartment cyclic transport conditions between summer, windy / rainy, and winter compartments in multi-field coupled laboratories. Meanwhile, the support feet provide stable multi-point support during the static test phase, ensuring the sample's posture is fixed. Compared with traditional solid low trays, this not only retains sufficient bottom operating space but also ensures static stability.

[0016] The positioning reference of the monitoring element is directly integrated into the sample support tray. Positioning interfaces evenly distributed circumferentially along the sample base have fixed machining accuracy. The support rod, once inserted into the interface, has a unique position and controllable verticality. This ensures that the relative distance, angle, and orientation between the external monitoring element and the sample are precisely controllable, avoiding the problems of low positioning accuracy and arbitrariness associated with existing temporary supports. This provides a stable mechanical reference for non-contact monitoring. In scenarios such as sample transfer across chambers, batch changes, and periodic disassembly and assembly of monitoring equipment, the support rod can be inserted into the designated numbered positioning interface, ensuring complete replication of the spatial position of the monitoring element without repeated calibration. On one hand, when the same sample is cyclically tested between different environmental chambers, the monitoring angle and distance remain consistent, guaranteeing the continuity of monitoring data for the entire degradation cycle of a single sample. On the other hand, parallel tests of different batches can use the exact same monitoring layout scheme, with unique and controllable test variables, improving the lateral comparability of multiple sets of test data, effectively reducing the quantitative detection error of the degree of weathering damage in soil and rock cultural relics, and enhancing the reliability of test results. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent sensing tray used for multi-field coupling environment simulation experiments in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of an intelligent sensing tray used for multi-field coupling environment simulation experiments in some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of monitoring elements in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a control schematic diagram of the data sensing and control unit in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1-Basic tray; 2-Sample base; 21-Outer frame; 22-Internal reinforcing mesh; 23-Base plate; 24-Right-angled triangular reinforcing plate; 3-Supporting foot; 31-Supporting column; 32-Fixing disc; 4-Waterproof fixing box; 5-Power supply system; 6-Supporting rod; 7-Interface array; 8-Limiting disc. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupling environment simulation experiments, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, make the transfer convenient and reliable, and make the monitoring elements standardized and repeatable.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this invention provides an intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments, including a base tray 1, a sample base 2, an interface array 7, and multiple support legs 3. The sample base 2 is fixedly mounted on the base tray 1, and the support legs 3 are fixedly mounted below the base tray 1, with a through space formed between the multiple support legs 3 for inserting a transport trolley. The interface array 7 includes multiple interfaces, which are opened on the base tray 1 and evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the sample base 2. The interfaces are used to connect support rods 6, which are equipped with monitoring elements. One or more monitoring elements can be installed on the support rods 6. The sample base 2 is used to support soil artifact samples with internal sensors embedded within them. The internal sensors include, but are not limited to, temperature sensors, moisture content sensors, and salinity sensors.

[0024] Soil artifact samples are fixedly placed on a dedicated sample base 2 throughout the entire transport process. All external forces during transport are applied to the base tray 1 and support legs 3, keeping the sample and tray relatively stationary. There is no relative displacement or additional shear or compressive stress, effectively protecting the structural integrity of large-sized undisturbed samples and ensuring the continuity and reliability of internal sensor monitoring over long periods. This minimizes the technical defects of sample movement leading to cracking or disturbance of internal sensors. Multiple support legs 3 are arranged separately, enclosing a through-space beneath the base tray 1, providing a passageway for the lifting and transport trolley and space for jacking operations. The intelligent lifting and transport trolley can smoothly enter the through-space from the side of the tray, lifting and transporting the entire sample by using a jacking platform to support the bottom of the base tray 1. No manual lifting or forking of the tray sides is required throughout the process. The transport process is characterized by minimal impact and stable posture, making it suitable for multi-compartment cyclic transport conditions between summer, windy, and winter compartments in multi-field coupling laboratories. Meanwhile, the support foot 3 provides stable multi-point support during the static test phase, ensuring the sample posture is fixed. Compared with traditional solid low trays, it not only retains sufficient bottom operating space but also ensures static stability.

[0025] The positioning reference of the monitoring element is directly integrated into the sample support tray. Positioning interfaces evenly distributed around the sample base have fixed machining accuracy. The support rod 6, once inserted into the interface, has a unique position and controllable verticality. This ensures that the relative distance, angle, and orientation between the external monitoring element and the sample are precisely controllable, avoiding the problems of low positioning accuracy and arbitrariness associated with existing temporary supports. This provides a stable mechanical reference for non-contact monitoring. In scenarios such as sample transfer across chambers, batch changes, and periodic disassembly and assembly of monitoring equipment, the support rod 6 can be inserted into the designated numbered positioning interface, completely replicating the spatial position of the monitoring element without repeated calibration. On one hand, when the same sample is tested cyclically between different environmental chambers, the monitoring angle and distance remain consistent, ensuring the continuity of monitoring data for the entire degradation cycle of a single sample. On the other hand, parallel tests of different batches can use the exact same monitoring layout scheme, with unique and controllable test variables, improving the lateral comparability of multiple sets of test data, effectively reducing the quantitative detection error of the degree of weathering damage in soil and rock artifacts, and enhancing the reliability of test results.

[0026] It should be noted that the support rod 6 is integrated with the base tray 1 and sample base 2 as a rigid whole through the positioning interface. The monitoring element and the sample remain relatively stationary at all times. Compared with temporary supports independent of the sample, it will not experience relative displacement or swaying due to factors such as uneven ground, airflow disturbances within the chamber, or vibrations from wind and rain. Especially under dynamic environmental simulation conditions such as wind load and rainfall, it can ensure the data accuracy of non-contact monitoring such as infrared temperature measurement, image acquisition, and 3D topography scanning, avoiding problems such as image blurring and temperature measurement deviation caused by support swaying. The multiple sets of positioning interfaces evenly distributed around the circumference provide a wealth of deployment points. Experimenters can choose different deployment schemes such as single-sided, double-sided, and full-circumference according to research needs. It is compatible with various monitoring elements such as infrared temperature sensors, industrial camera matrices, displacement sensors, and spectral detection equipment. No secondary modification of the tray is required, making it highly versatile and able to meet the differentiated monitoring needs of different rock and soil cultural relics and different degradation mechanisms.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, multiple support feet 3 are arranged in two parallel rows on the bottom surface of the base tray 1. The two rows of support feet 3 are positioned at opposite edges of the base tray 1. The base tray 1 is 2m long and 2m wide, with a sample base 2 fixedly connected to the center of the base tray 1. A standardized interface array 7 is located 20cm from the outer edge of the base tray 1, supporting quick-plug support rods 6, on which various monitoring elements are mounted. Three support feet 3 cups, each 25cm high, are positioned on each side of the base tray 1 at its lower bottom, totaling six support feet 3 cups. This ensures that the area directly beneath the tray is open, forming an open transfer channel at the bottom, allowing a standard laboratory transport trolley to be inserted from the center of the tray's bottom and lift the sample upwards, achieving smooth, undisturbed movement. The interface array 7 is specifically configured such that multiple vertical through holes are evenly spaced at 20 cm intervals along each side of the 20 cm area around the perimeter of the base tray 1. The inner walls of the through holes are provided with wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant bushings. Support rods 6 can be inserted and removed into each through hole. Monitoring equipment such as infrared sensors, camera matrices, infrared cameras, macro cameras, and non-contact infrared probes are installed on the support rods 6 in layers or at points according to experimental requirements.

[0028] The 25cm support legs create a completely open central hollow area beneath the pallet, forming a standard-sized transfer channel. This allows for direct compatibility with standard laboratory lifting transfer carts, eliminating the need for customized transfer fixtures and offering high versatility. During transfer, the transfer cart smoothly enters the central area from the side of the pallet, lifting the entire structure upwards from the center of the pallet's bottom. The lifting point is vertically aligned with the sample's center of gravity. The transfer process is free from off-center loading, tilting, and lateral shearing forces, ensuring the sample and pallet remain relatively stationary. This avoids the risks of sample cracking, internal sensor displacement, and lead wire pulling associated with manual lifting or side-mounted forklifts. It is suitable for multi-compartment cyclical transfer processes between summer, rainy, and winter compartments. Furthermore, the two rows of support legs positioned on opposite sides of the pallet, with no structural obstructions in the middle, provide ample operating space for the intelligent AGV transfer cart's visual navigation and lifting alignment. This supports fully automated, unmanned transfer operations, reducing environmental disturbances such as temperature and humidity fluctuations caused by human intervention, perfectly meeting the automation and unmanned operation requirements of large, multi-field coupled laboratories.

[0029] Vertical through holes, each 16mm in diameter, are evenly spaced at 20cm intervals along the four sides of the tray, forming approximately 34 standard hole positions. This creates a regular, grid-like layout, allowing researchers to flexibly choose the layout based on sample size and monitoring targets: full coverage for 360° panoramic monitoring without blind spots, or selection of points on one or both sides for precise monitoring of key deteriorated areas. The standardized, evenly spaced points also facilitate standardized recording and reproduction of test plans, supporting data benchmarking and sharing between different research teams and test batches. Wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant bushings are installed on the inner walls of the through holes. This prevents wear on the tray substrate caused by repeated insertion and removal of the support rod 6, maintaining the dimensional accuracy of the through holes and the perpendicularity of the support rod 6 even after thousands of insertions and removals, ensuring no shift in the monitoring angle. Furthermore, the bushings isolate the tray from corrosive environments such as high humidity, salt spray, rain, and snow, preventing rust and jamming of the inner walls of the through holes, ensuring smooth insertion and removal of the support rod 6, and improving the service life and long-term stability of the tray in harsh, multi-field coupled environments. It should be noted that a limiting plate 8 is fixedly installed on the support rod 6. The diameter of the limiting plate 8 is larger than the diameter of the interface to ensure that the support rod 6 remains in a stable position after insertion.

[0030] In some embodiments, the sample base 2 includes an outer frame 21, a base plate 23, and an internal reinforcing mesh 22. The outer frame 21 is fixedly mounted on the base plate 23, and the internal reinforcing mesh 22 is fixedly mounted on the base plate 23, with the edges of the internal reinforcing mesh 22 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer frame 21. The sample base 2 is used to support large-sized soil and rock artifact samples with internally embedded sensors. The outer frame 21 and the base plate 23 are integrally formed and assembled to form an upper bearing groove. On the one hand, the outer frame 21 forms a barrier around the sample, limiting the lateral slippage and edge collapse of the soil and rock sample during sample transportation, wind and rain impacts in the chamber, and airflow disturbances, preventing the sample corners from being bumped and damaged, and simultaneously protecting the embedded sensors and lead-out cables on the side of the sample from being scratched or pulled. Large-sized soil and rock artifact samples have a large self-weight and are subjected to long-term high and low temperature cycles, high humidity, salt spray, and alternating wet and dry environments. A single flat base plate 23 is prone to creep, bending, and warping. This structure adds a fully covered reinforced grid to the inner side of the base plate 23. The four sides of the grid are rigidly connected to the inner wall of the outer frame 21, forming an integrated composite load-bearing structure of frame-grid-base plate 23: the load is transferred from the base plate 23 to the reinforced grid, and then distributed to the outer frame 21. The force path is evenly distributed, which improves the bending and deformation resistance of the base. Even if it bears heavy samples for a long time, the base plate 23 will not dent or warp, and will always maintain a horizontal reference, ensuring the constant posture of the sample and preventing the internal sensor from shifting due to base deformation and the monitoring reference from becoming inaccurate.

[0031] It should be noted that the central sample base 2 measures 1.2m in length and 1m in width. The base plate 23 is made of 15mm steel plate. To ensure model stability, the base plate 23 is reinforced with an internal mesh 22 spaced 25cm x 25cm and 5cm high. The edges of the base plate 23 are fitted with 15cm high box walls to directly support the soil artifact samples, with a maximum sample weight of 5 tons. The sample base 2 uses a 15mm thick steel plate as the load-bearing base plate 23, which, together with the internal reinforced mesh 22 spaced 25cm x 25cm and 5cm high, forms a closely ribbed beam-plate load-bearing system. The 25cm grid spacing divides the base plate 23 into multiple short-span load-bearing units. Combined with the 5cm high reinforcing ribs, the self-weight load of the 5-ton sample can be evenly distributed and transmitted, improving the overall bending and warping stiffness of the base. Under full load conditions, the deflection of the base plate 23 is minimal, and it always maintains a horizontal reference plane. This not only avoids cracking caused by additional stress inside the sample due to the depression or deformation of the base plate 23, but also ensures the long-term stability of the posture and embedding position of the sensors embedded inside the sample.

[0032] In some embodiments, the sample base 2 further includes multiple right-angled triangular reinforcing plates 24. The two right-angled sides of the right-angled triangular reinforcing plates 24 are respectively attached to and fixed to the outer wall surface of the outer frame 21 and the top surface of the base tray 1. The multiple right-angled triangular reinforcing plates 24 are distributed around the circumference of the outer frame 21, preferably evenly distributed at equal intervals. The right-angled triangular reinforcing plates 24 are tightly fixed to the outer wall of the outer frame 21 and the top surface of the base tray 1 with their two right-angled sides respectively, forming a stable triangular force support system, which improves the shear strength and overturning moment resistance of the connection parts. The circumferentially distributed triangular reinforcing plates form radial multi-point constraints on the outer frame 21, which can effectively resist the outward expansion and inward concavity deformation of the outer frame 21 caused by the side pressure of the sample and the cyclic deformation stress of temperature and humidity, ensuring the long-term dimensional and positional accuracy of the 1.2m×1m inner cavity bearing size, so that the bottom of the sample and the base plate 23 are always completely attached and the force is uniform, avoiding cracking caused by local suspension and stress concentration of the sample due to frame deformation. Meanwhile, the dimensional stability of the outer frame 21 also ensures the coaxiality of the sample center and the circumferential monitoring interface array 7 of the tray, maintains a constant reference distance between the external monitoring equipment and the sample surface, and further ensures the quantitative accuracy of non-contact monitoring and the comparability of multiple batches of test data.

[0033] In some embodiments, the intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupling environment simulation experiments further includes a data sensing and control unit. The data sensing and control unit includes a multi-protocol data acquisition unit, a power supply system 5, and a multi-channel signal interface. The power supply system 5 supplies power to the multi-protocol data acquisition unit and the monitoring elements. The multi-protocol data acquisition unit is fixedly mounted on the base tray 1 and located outside the sample base 2, and is electrically connected to the monitoring elements. The multi-channel signal interface receives the output signals from the multi-protocol data acquisition unit and transmits them to the laboratory's control system. The power supply system 5 is a dual-output power module with 12V / 5A and 24V / 5A outputs.

[0034] This device integrates sample preparation, transport, monitoring, acquisition, and power supply functions. It combines a large sample preparation base, unobstructed transport, standardized and repeatable deployment of monitoring equipment, collaborative acquisition of internal water, heat, and salt data with external image thermal field data, and unified power supply for all equipment into a single tray device. This significantly improves the standardization and intelligence of multi-field coupling experiments. The protocol data acquisition unit is electrically connected to the temperature, moisture content, and salinity sensors pre-embedded inside the sample via a wired interface, acquiring real-time dynamic response data of water, heat, and salt within the sample. A power supply system 5 is installed on the basic tray 1, providing independent power. The input end connects to a rechargeable battery pack or supercapacitor pack, while the output end provides a stable operating power supply (including different voltage levels) for the data acquisition unit and all external monitoring devices plugged into the standardized equipment interface array 7. A multi-channel signal interface is used to uniformly integrate internal sensor data from the sample with image and video data from all external monitoring devices, and outputs this data to the laboratory control system.

[0035] In some embodiments, the data sensing and control unit further includes a synchronization clock module. This module has a built-in GPS or network time synchronization interface, enabling millisecond-level synchronization between the data from internal sensors and the data from external monitoring elements. The weathering and deterioration of rock and soil artifacts is a dynamic process under multi-field coupling. Transient processes such as rainfall infiltration, sudden temperature changes, and salt crystal expansion often occur within seconds. Changes in internal hydrothermal and saline parameters have a strict temporal causal relationship with apparent defects such as surface crack initiation, surface peeling, and salt precipitation. In traditional distributed acquisition modes, internal contact sensors and external cameras and infrared devices time independently, resulting in time deviations ranging from tens of milliseconds to several seconds. Furthermore, reliance on post-processing software alignment makes it impossible to accurately correspond to the internal response and external manifestations of transient deterioration. This module obtains globally unified standard time through a GPS satellite atomic clock or network NTP protocol, providing a hardware-level unified time base for multi-protocol data acquisition devices and all access devices. This ensures that the timestamp error between internal sensor data and external image, thermal field, and morphological data is controlled within milliseconds, achieving precise alignment of all-dimensional monitoring data on the same time axis. This allows for the accurate reconstruction of the complete temporal chain of environmental load effects, internal hydrothermal and saline migration, and surface disease development, providing high-precision temporal data support for quantitatively revealing the degradation mechanism of soil and rock artifacts under multi-field coupling. The synchronization clock module is deeply integrated with multi-protocol data acquisition units, enabling unified time stamping for all monitoring elements with different protocols and sampling frequencies. This eliminates the inherent time deviation between heterogeneous devices at the hardware level, removing the need for complex manual time-series correction after experiments. This improves the accuracy of multi-source data fusion while reducing the workload of post-experiment data processing and human error correction.

[0036] In some embodiments, the intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupling environment simulation experiments also includes a waterproof fixing box 4. The waterproof fixing box 4 is fixedly mounted on the base tray and located outside the sample base 2, with the data sensing and control unit housed inside the waterproof fixing box 4. The waterproof fixing box 4 adopts a sealed encapsulation structure, completely housing precision electronic components such as the multi-protocol data acquisition unit, power supply system 5, and synchronous clock module. It effectively isolates liquid water, water vapor, salt crystallization, and dust intrusion, adapting to a wide temperature range of -30℃ to 60℃, relative humidity of 10% to 90%, and all working conditions including salt spray, rain, and snow spray. From a structural perspective, it ensures the working stability of electronic components under harsh multi-field coupling conditions, avoids experimental interruptions due to electronic equipment failure, and supports the continuous conduct of long-term accelerated weathering experiments on soil and rock artifacts. The waterproof fixing box 4 is rigidly fixedly connected to the base tray 1, and the internal data sensing and control unit forms a unified rigid body with the box and tray, with no relative displacement space. During the transfer and dynamic loading process, all electronic components and terminals will not loosen or shift due to vibration or impact. The signal connection and power output remain stable, further enhancing the reliability of the integrated, disturbance-free transfer of tray samples, monitoring, acquisition and power supply.

[0037] In some embodiments, the support foot 3 includes a support column 31 and a fixed disc 32. The two ends of the support column 31 are fixedly connected to the fixed disc 32 and the bottom surface of the base tray 1, respectively. The fixed disc 32 is fitted against the ground. The fixed disc 32's fit against the ground increases the contact area between the support foot 3 and the ground surface, evenly distributing the vertical static load of the heavy soil sample to the ground, reducing the ground pressure. This avoids the thin column-type support foot causing indentations, dents, or damage to the laboratory epoxy flooring and anti-slip tiles, making it suitable for the ground conditions of conventional environmental laboratories. Simultaneously, the static friction of the surface contact type is much greater than that of point contact or line contact supports. Under dynamic loads such as lateral wind loads and rain impacts in the wind and rain chamber, the tray as a whole is less prone to slippage or lateral displacement, ensuring the precise and fixed relative position of the sample and monitoring equipment. This reduces the deviation of the monitoring reference caused by support foot slippage, ensuring the consistency of monitoring data during long-term testing.

[0038] In some embodiments, a buffer pad is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the fixed disc 32, and the buffer pad is provided with anti-slip texture. The buffer pad can effectively absorb the impact energy at the moment of landing by relying on its own elastic deformation, which can significantly reduce the impact acceleration and vibration amplitude. It further weakens the transfer disturbance from the end support link, ensures the integrity of the sample structure and the embedding accuracy of the internal sensing elements, and forms a smooth lifting-flexible landing process with the bottom lifting transfer scheme to form a disturbance-free protection throughout the entire process, supporting the continuous reliability of long-term degradation monitoring data. The buffer pad combined with the surface anti-slip texture can significantly improve the ground friction coefficient. The groove structure of the anti-slip texture can also quickly drain the water, mud and salt crystals on the contact surface, ensuring that the pad is in close contact with the ground. Even under complex ground conditions such as wet and slippery, salty ground, it can still provide sufficient static friction force, reduce the lateral slippage of the tray, maintain the relative positional accuracy of the sample and the circumferential monitoring equipment, and ensure the benchmark consistency of non-contact monitoring and the accuracy of disease quantitative detection.

[0039] In some embodiments, the support rod 6 is a height-adjustable support rod with a locking device. The height-adjustable design of the support rod 6 allows for flexible adjustment of the vertical position of monitoring elements such as infrared sensors, camera matrices, infrared thermal imagers, and macro cameras according to the actual height of the sample and the monitoring target, ensuring precise alignment with the target monitoring area. This eliminates the need for custom-made support rods of various lengths, improving the versatility of the tooling. Simultaneously, it supports the layered deployment of multiple monitoring devices on a single rod, achieving synchronous coverage of the entire sample height cross-section through segmented height adjustment. This eliminates the need for additional independent supports, simplifying the internal structure, preventing mutual obstruction of monitoring views, and meeting the research needs of multi-dimensional, layered degradation monitoring. It should be noted that the support rod can be similar to an umbrella pole, with multiple bayonets along the axial direction on the outer tube and springs and protrusions on the inner rod. After sliding into position, the protrusions engage with the bayonets.

[0040] The experimental procedure is as follows: Based on the multi-field coupling environment simulation laboratory, a large-size rammed earth sample was set on the sample base 2. Six pt100 temperature probes and ten MDT-15 three-parameter sensor probes were pre-embedded in the sample. All sensor cables were led out from one side of the sample and quickly plugged into the multi-protocol data acquisition unit.

[0041] A 1.5-meter support rod 6 (stainless steel rod) is inserted into the four interfaces of the base tray 1. Nine industrial cameras (for monitoring the surface degradation process), one infrared thermal imager (for monitoring the sample surface temperature field), one macro camera (for monitoring surface crack development), and five non-contact infrared probes (for monitoring the surface temperature change process of the sample at different heights) are arranged in a 20cm×20cm grid. The cables of all cameras, thermal imagers, and probes run down the rod and are connected to a multi-channel signal interface to achieve continuous synchronous acquisition of water, heat, and salt data and image data.

[0042] After the sample completes the curing process, a transport trolley inserts it from the hollowed-out area below and smoothly pushes the sample into the chamber of the multi-field coupling environment simulation laboratory to carry out the experiment. After one simulation cycle is completed, the transport trolley smoothly and safely transports the sample to other chambers to continue the experiment.

[0043] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments, characterized in that: The device includes a base tray, a sample base, an interface array, and multiple support legs. The sample base is fixedly mounted on the base tray, and the support legs are fixedly mounted below the base tray, with a through space formed between the multiple support legs for a transfer trolley to insert into. The interface array includes multiple interfaces, which are located on the base tray and evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the sample base. The interfaces are used to connect support rods, and the support rods are equipped with monitoring elements. The sample base is used to support soil artifact samples with internal sensors embedded within them.

2. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample base includes an outer frame, a base plate, and an internal reinforcing mesh. The outer frame is fixedly mounted on the base plate, and the internal reinforcing mesh is fixedly mounted on the base plate, with the edges of the internal reinforcing mesh fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer frame.

3. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sample base also includes multiple right-angled triangular reinforcing plates. The two right-angled sides of the right-angled triangular reinforcing plates are respectively attached to and fixed to the outer wall of the outer frame and the top surface of the base tray, and the multiple right-angled triangular reinforcing plates are distributed around the circumference of the outer frame.

4. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a data sensing and control unit, which includes a multi-protocol data acquisition unit, a power supply system, and a multi-channel signal interface. The power supply system is used to power the multi-protocol data acquisition unit and the monitoring element. The multi-protocol data acquisition unit is fixedly mounted on the base tray and located outside the sample base. The multi-protocol data acquisition unit is electrically connected to the monitoring element. The multi-channel signal interface is used to receive the output signal of the multi-protocol data acquisition unit and transmit it to the laboratory control system.

5. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data sensing and control unit also includes a synchronization clock module, which has a built-in GPS or network time synchronization interface, enabling the data from the internal sensors to be synchronized with the data from the external monitoring elements at the millisecond level on the time axis.

6. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a waterproof fixing box, which is fixedly mounted on the base tray and located outside the sample base, and the data sensing and control unit is located inside the waterproof fixing box.

7. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support foot includes a support column and a fixed disc. The two ends of the support column are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the fixed disc and the base tray, respectively. The fixed disc is attached to and supported on the ground.

8. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 7, characterized in that: A cushioning pad is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the fixed disc, and the cushioning pad is provided with anti-slip texture.

9. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support rod is height-adjustable and equipped with a locking device.

10. The intelligent sensing tray for multi-field coupled environment simulation experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of support legs are arranged in two parallel rows on the bottom surface of the base tray, with the two rows of support legs respectively located at two opposite sides of the base tray.

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