Method and device for determining state of charge at end of run of energy storage device

Abstract

The application discloses a method and device for determining the state of charge of an energy storage device at the end of operation, the method comprising: obtaining operation data of the energy storage device, the operation data including voltage data, current data or temperature data; determining whether the energy storage device is at the end of operation according to the operation data, the end of operation including the end of charging and the end of discharging; and determining the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device according to the voltage data if the energy storage device is at the end of operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy electrical variable detection technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for determining the state of charge of an energy storage device during its operational end-stage. Background Technology

[0002] In existing battery management systems, two states of charge (SOC) values ​​are typically maintained. The real SOC is calculated through internal algorithm logic (based on ampere-hour integration and combined with open-circuit voltage, full charge and discharge, and Kalman filtering corrections). The displayed SOC is based on the real SOC and is displayed on the user interface. The displayed SOC needs to smoothly follow the real SOC to avoid numerical abrupt changes.

[0003] However, after long-term operation, the inconsistency of individual cells or the accumulation of self-discharge differences cause the true SOC to jump when the correction conditions at the end of the charge and discharge cycle are met. At the same time, since the displayed SOC always follows the true SOC, the following algorithm will quickly respond to the sudden change of the true SOC, causing the displayed value to change discontinuously. This leads to the problem of the battery state of charge display jumping in the end range of operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method and apparatus for determining the state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage device during its operational end-stage. The solution presented in this application helps to resolve the issue of jumps in the existing battery SOC display during the operational end-stage.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage device in the terminal operating range. The method includes: acquiring operating data of the energy storage device, including voltage data, current data, or temperature data; determining whether the energy storage device is in the terminal operating range based on the operating data, including a charging terminal range and a discharging terminal range; and if the energy storage device is in the terminal operating range, determining the first apparent SOC of the energy storage device based on the voltage data.

[0006] As can be seen, in this embodiment, since the first displayed state of charge is determined based on voltage data when the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range, the correlation between the energy storage device voltage data and the state of charge in the end-of-operation range is directly used to determine the displayed state of charge. There is no need to follow the actual state of charge obtained based on the operating data, which may change. Therefore, the problem of display state of charge change caused by the actual state of charge correction change can be solved.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, determining whether an energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on operating data includes: determining the current operating state of the energy storage device, which includes a charging state and a discharging state; determining the current first state of charge of the energy storage device based on the operating data; and determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating state and the first state of charge.

[0008] As can be seen, in this embodiment of the application, since the operation status and the first state of charge are used to determine whether the energy storage device is in the end of the operation range, the operation status can reflect the corresponding end of the operation range determination benchmark based on the charging and discharging direction, and the first state of charge can quantitatively reflect the current power level of the energy storage device, thus ensuring the accuracy of the end range determination.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. Determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating state and the first state of charge includes: when the energy storage device is in a charging state, if the first state of charge is greater than a first state of charge threshold and less than a full charge state of charge threshold, and / or the highest cell voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold and less than a full charge voltage threshold, then the energy storage device is determined to be in the end-of-charging range; wherein the first state of charge threshold is less than the full charge state of charge threshold, and the first voltage threshold is less than the full charge voltage threshold; when the energy storage device is in a discharging state, if the first state of charge is less than a second state of charge threshold and greater than a full discharge state of charge threshold, and / or the lowest cell voltage is less than the second voltage threshold and greater than a full discharge voltage threshold, then the energy storage device is determined to be in the end-of-discharge range; wherein the second state of charge threshold is greater than the full discharge state of charge threshold, and the second voltage threshold is greater than the full discharge voltage threshold.

[0010] As can be seen, in this embodiment of the application, a redundant determination mechanism is provided by the dual determination dimensions of state of charge and voltage. Even if there are fluctuations or errors in the data of one dimension, the other dimension can still ensure the validity of the determination, thereby improving the reliability and anti-interference ability of end interval identification.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the temperature data includes ambient temperature, and the method further includes: determining the charging rate and discharging rate of the energy storage device based on current data; determining a first voltage threshold based on a charging voltage calibration threshold, wherein the charging voltage calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charging rate; determining a first state of charge threshold based on a charging state of charge calibration threshold, wherein the charging state of charge calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charging rate; determining a second voltage threshold based on a discharging voltage calibration threshold, wherein the discharging voltage calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharging rate; and determining a second state of charge threshold based on a discharging state of charge calibration threshold, wherein the discharging state of charge calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharging rate.

[0012] As can be seen, in this embodiment, because the first voltage threshold and the first state of charge threshold are dynamically determined based on the ambient temperature and the charging rate, and the second voltage threshold and the second state of charge threshold are dynamically determined based on the ambient temperature and the discharging rate, the determination threshold of the end interval can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual working conditions. This avoids the problem of the determination timing being too early or too late due to changes in cell characteristics under the condition of temperature change or charge / discharge rate change of the fixed threshold. Therefore, the adaptability and accuracy of the end interval determination under different ambient temperatures and different charge / discharge rates are improved.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, if the voltage data includes the voltages of multiple cells in the energy storage device, then determining the first displayed state of charge (SPC) of the energy storage device based on the voltage data includes: if the voltage data includes the voltages of multiple cells in the energy storage device, then determining the first displayed SPC of the energy storage device based on the voltage data includes: determining the second displayed SPC of the energy storage device at a first moment based on operating data; determining the change in the first SPC of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment based on the multiple cell voltages; and determining the first displayed SPC of the energy storage device based on the second displayed SPC and the change in the first SPC.

[0014] It can be seen that by determining the change in state of charge based on the voltage of all cells, a completely different implementation method is provided compared with the voltage following strategy based on operational data in related technologies. This allows the displayed state of charge to be directly driven by voltage data, thereby avoiding the jump problem that may be caused by following the actual internal state of charge.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the energy storage device operates in a charging state. The change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from a first moment to the current second moment is determined based on multiple cell voltages, including: determining the highest cell voltage and the highest cell voltage filtered by exponential moving average based on multiple cell voltages; and determining the change in the first state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge, the highest cell voltage, the highest cell voltage filtered by exponential moving average, and the full charge voltage threshold.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the energy storage device operates in a discharge state. The change in the first state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device from a first moment to the current second moment is determined based on multiple cell voltages. This includes: determining the minimum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage filtered by an exponential moving average based on the multiple cell voltages; determining the change in the first SOC based on a second displayed SOC, the minimum cell voltage, the minimum cell voltage filtered by an exponential moving average, and a full discharge voltage threshold; and determining a first displayed SOC based on the second displayed SOC and the change in the first SOC.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the method further includes: if the change in the first state of charge is less than a preset reduction amount, then determining the first displayed state of charge based on the operating data.

[0018] As can be seen, by setting a preset change amount as a switching threshold, when the change amount of the state of charge calculated based on voltage data is less than the preset value, the voltage following strategy is exited in time and the conventional operating data is used to determine the displayed state of charge. This conventional method serves as a backup plan to take over the display update when the calculation result of the voltage following strategy is not accurate enough, thus taking into account both the smoothness of voltage following in the end interval and the accuracy and reliability when the voltage change amount is insufficient.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. The method further includes: if the highest cell voltage is not less than a full charge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is a first preset value, which is used to characterize the energy storage device as being in a fully charged state; if the lowest cell voltage is not greater than a full discharge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is a second preset value, which is used to characterize the energy storage device as being in a fully discharged state.

[0020] As can be seen, in this embodiment, because the first displayed state of charge is set to the first preset value when the highest cell voltage is not less than the full charge voltage threshold, and the first displayed state of charge is set to the second preset value when the lowest cell voltage is not greater than the full discharge voltage threshold, a direct assignment mechanism of the final value of full charge and full discharge is introduced on the basis of the voltage following strategy. This not only makes full use of the smooth change advantage of the end voltage following, but also avoids the stagnation of the state of charge caused by the estimation error of the actual SOC.

[0021] As can be seen from the methods in the above-described embodiments, calculating the displayed state of charge (SOC) based on the voltage data of the energy storage device at the end of the operating range solves the problem of displayed SOC jumps caused by actual SOC correction jumps in related technologies. Based on a redundancy determination mechanism, dynamically determining the first voltage threshold and the first SOC threshold according to ambient temperature and charging rate ensures the accuracy of the first displayed SOC. A direct assignment mechanism for the final values ​​of full charge and full discharge is introduced to avoid SOC stagnation caused by estimation errors in the actual SOC.

[0022] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a state of charge determination device for the end-of-operation phase of an energy storage device, used to perform part or all of the method described in the first aspect, the device comprising: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the operating data of the energy storage device, including voltage data, current data, or temperature data. The judgment unit is used to determine whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating data. The end-of-operation range includes the end-of-charge range and the end-of-discharge range. The determination unit is used to determine the first apparent state of charge of the energy storage device based on voltage data if the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range.

[0023] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device including a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and at least one program, wherein the at least one program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and one or more instructions are adapted to be loaded by the processor and execute part or all of the methods of the first aspect and / or the second aspect.

[0024] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for electronic data interchange, wherein the computer program causes a computer to perform part or all of the methods of the first aspect and / or the second aspect.

[0025] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product that, when read and executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform part or all of the methods of the first aspect and / or the second aspect.

[0026] It is understood that the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the second to fifth aspects can be referred to the beneficial effects of the method of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a method for determining the state of charge (SOP) of an energy storage device at the end of its operation, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the state of charge of an energy storage device in the terminal operating range, as provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between the displayed state of charge calculated based on cell voltage and the displayed state of charge calculated based on operating data, provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between the displayed state of charge calculated based on cell voltage and the displayed state of charge calculated based on operating data, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between the displayed state of charge calculated based on cell voltage and the displayed state of charge calculated based on operating data, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a device for determining the state of charge of an energy storage device in the terminal operating range provided in this application embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Reference numerals: 100: Energy storage system; 101: High-voltage cable; 102: First power conversion device; 103: Second power conversion device; 104: Energy storage device; 200: Application scenario; 201: Battery management system; 202: Energy storage equipment; 700: Device for determining the state of charge in the end-of-operation range of the energy storage equipment; 701: Acquisition unit; 702: Judgment unit; 703: Determination unit; 800: Electronic equipment; 801: Memory; 802: Processor; 803: Communication interface; 804: Bus. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0032] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0033] The energy storage system involved in this application is described below.

[0034] Because the energy we need is highly time- and space-dependent, in order to utilize energy rationally and improve energy efficiency, it is necessary to store one form of energy in the same way or by converting it into another, and then release it in a specific energy form for future applications. Currently, the main way to generate green electricity is to develop green energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power to replace fossil fuels. Currently, the generation of green electricity generally relies on solar, wind, and hydropower. However, wind and solar power are generally characterized by strong intermittency and large fluctuations, which can cause grid instability, insufficient power during peak demand periods, and excessive power during off-peak periods. Unstable voltage can also damage the power grid. Therefore, insufficient electricity demand or insufficient grid capacity may lead to the problem of "wind and solar curtailment." Solving these problems requires energy storage. This involves converting electrical energy into other forms of energy through physical or chemical means and storing it. When needed, this energy can be converted back into electrical energy and released. Simply put, energy storage is like a large "power bank," storing electrical energy when solar and wind power are abundant and releasing the stored electricity when needed.

[0035] Taking electrochemical energy storage as an example, this solution provides an energy storage device for use in energy storage systems. The energy storage device is equipped with a set of chemical batteries, which mainly use the chemical elements in the batteries as energy storage media. The charging and discharging process is accompanied by the chemical reaction or change of the energy storage media. Simply put, the electrical energy generated by wind and solar energy is stored in the chemical batteries. When the use of external electrical energy reaches its peak, the stored electricity is released for use, or transferred to places with a shortage of electricity for use.

[0036] Current energy storage applications are quite widespread, including generation-side energy storage, grid-side energy storage, and consumption-side energy storage. The corresponding types of energy storage devices include: (1) Large-scale energy storage power stations (including multiple prefabricated energy storage modules) applied to wind power and photovoltaic power stations can help renewable energy power generation meet grid connection requirements and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. As a high-quality active / reactive power regulation power source on the power supply side, energy storage power stations can achieve load matching of power in time and space, enhance the renewable energy absorption capacity, reduce instantaneous power changes, reduce the impact on the power grid, improve the absorption of new energy power generation, and are of great significance in power grid system backup, alleviating peak load power supply pressure and peak regulation and frequency regulation. (2) The energy storage prefabricated cabin applied on the grid side mainly functions as peak regulation, frequency regulation and grid congestion relief. In terms of peak regulation, it can realize peak shaving and valley filling of electricity load, that is, charging the energy storage battery when the electricity load is low and releasing the stored electricity during the peak electricity load period, thereby achieving a balance between power production and consumption. (3) Small energy storage cabinets applied to the electricity consumption side mainly function as self-consumption of electricity, peak-valley price arbitrage, capacity cost management, and improvement of power supply reliability. Depending on the scenario, electricity consumption side energy storage can be divided into industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, household energy storage devices, energy storage charging piles, etc., which are generally used in conjunction with distributed photovoltaics. Industrial and commercial users can use energy storage for peak-valley price arbitrage and capacity cost management. In the electricity market implementing peak-valley pricing, by charging the energy storage system when the electricity price is low and discharging the energy storage system when the electricity price is high, peak-valley price arbitrage can be achieved, reducing electricity costs. In addition, industrial enterprises subject to two-part tariffs can use energy storage systems to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge during peak loads, thereby reducing peak power and the maximum demand declared, achieving the goal of reducing capacity charges. Household photovoltaics with energy storage can improve the level of self-consumption of electricity. Due to high electricity prices and poor power supply stability, the demand for household photovoltaic installations is driven. Given that photovoltaic power generation occurs during the day, while user load is generally higher at night, configuring energy storage can better utilize photovoltaic power, improve self-consumption levels, and reduce electricity costs. Furthermore, energy storage is needed in areas such as communication base stations and data centers for backup power.

[0037] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application, and this application... Figure 1 The embodiments are illustrated using a shared energy storage scenario on the generation / distribution side as an example. The energy storage device in this application is not limited to a prefabricated energy storage module in the generation and distribution energy storage scenario.

[0038] This application provides an energy storage system 100, which includes: a high-voltage cable 101, a first power conversion device 102, a second power conversion device 103, and an energy storage device 104. In some embodiments of the power generation scenario, the second power conversion device 103 can be a wind power conversion device. Since the electricity generated by wind power conversion is volatile, random, and intermittent, the unstable electricity output by the wind power conversion device can be stored in the energy storage device 104 through grid connection. The energy storage device 104 is connected to the high-voltage cable 101 and outputs smooth electricity to the power consumption side of the distribution network, realizing peak shaving and frequency regulation, and stable grid operation; or, wind power... The power conversion device is always connected to the high-voltage cable 101. Under normal power generation conditions, the power output of the wind power conversion device is supplied to the power consumption side of the distribution network through the high-voltage cable. When the current power load is low and the wind power conversion device generates excess power, the excess power is first stored in the energy storage device 104 to improve the problem of new energy power generation absorption. When the power load is high, the power grid issues an instruction to transmit the power stored in the energy storage device 104 together with the high-voltage cable 101 in grid-connected mode to supply power to the power consumption side. This provides the power grid with various services such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, and backup, giving full play to the peak shaving role of the power grid, promoting peak shaving and valley filling, and alleviating the power supply pressure of the power grid.

[0039] In some embodiments on the distribution network side, the first power conversion device 102 can be a photovoltaic panel, and the energy storage device 104 is connected to the high-voltage cable 101 and installed downstream of the high-voltage cable 101 between the user load and the photovoltaic power conversion device. The electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power conversion device is stored in the energy storage device 104, which can respond in a timely manner to act as a backup power source when the power grid / distribution network fails; or, it can provide power supply support to alleviate line congestion when the high-voltage cable 101 transmission line is blocked, and to delay the economic pressure caused by the expansion of the power grid / distribution capacity when the power grid is planned to be expanded.

[0040] Optionally, the first power conversion device may include, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic panel, and the second power conversion device may include, but is not limited to, a wind power conversion device. The first power conversion device 102 and the second power conversion device 103 can convert at least one of solar energy, light energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy, and mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0041] Optionally, the energy storage device 104 may include, but is not limited to, energy storage scenarios such as energy storage power stations, hydropower / thermal / wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, smart home systems, or temporary power supply systems, and may also be applied in multiple fields such as data centers, military equipment, aerospace, charging piles, and electric vehicles.

[0042] Optionally, the energy storage device 104 may include battery modules, battery packs, battery clusters, mobile power supplies, energy storage cabinets / prefabricated energy storage compartments, and other battery integrated systems composed of individual batteries. The actual application form of the energy storage device 104 provided in this application embodiment may be, but is not limited to, the listed products, and may also be other application forms. This application embodiment does not strictly limit the application form of the energy storage system 100.

[0043] Alternatively, the single cell is not limited to at least one of cylindrical, square, prismatic, or other shaped cells.

[0044] Optionally, the single cell can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a single cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The single cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and this application does not specifically limit it.

[0045] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a method for determining the state of charge (SOP) of an energy storage device at the end of its operating range, as provided in this application embodiment. The application scenario 200 includes, for example: Figure 2 The energy storage device 202 and the battery management system 201 are shown.

[0046] In this application scenario 200, the energy storage device 202 comprises multiple individual battery cells. The energy storage device 202 belongs to... Figure 1 The energy storage system 100 shown.

[0047] The battery management system 201 is used to collect operating data (including voltage, current, temperature, etc.) of the energy storage device 202, and calculate the state of charge (SOC) based on the collected data for user interface display or system control. During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device 202, the battery management system 201 needs to display the SOC to the user in real time, so that the user can intuitively understand the current power status of the energy storage device 202.

[0048] In this embodiment of the application, the battery management system 201 acquires the operating data of the energy storage device 202, including voltage data, current data, or temperature data.

[0049] Specifically, the operating data includes voltage data, current data, and temperature data. The battery management system 201 can acquire specific data such as the terminal voltage value, bus current value, and ambient temperature value of each individual cell through the corresponding acquisition unit.

[0050] The battery management system 201 determines whether the energy storage device 202 is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating data. The end-of-operation range includes the end-of-charge range and the end-of-discharge range.

[0051] After acquiring the operational data, the battery management system 201 determines whether the energy storage device 202 is currently in the end-of-operation phase. The end-of-operation phase includes the charging end phase and the discharging end phase. The charging end phase refers to the stage when the energy storage device 202 is close to a fully charged state during the charging process, and the discharging end phase refers to the stage when the energy storage device 202 is close to a fully discharged state during the discharging process.

[0052] For example, the battery management system 201 can calculate the current state of charge reference value based on the current data and temperature data in the operating data, and determine whether the energy storage device 202 is in the operating end range based on whether the state of charge reference value enters the preset end value range.

[0053] If the energy storage device 202 is in the end-of-operation range, the battery management system 201 determines the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device 202 based on the voltage data.

[0054] Specifically, if the battery management system 201 determines that the energy storage device 202 is in the end of its operation period (whether it is the end of the charging period or the end of the discharging period), it will no longer display the SOC by following the actual SOC as in related technologies, but will instead determine the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device 202 based on the voltage data.

[0055] For example, in the charging end interval, the battery management system 201 utilizes the characteristic that the terminal voltage in the end interval increases monotonically with the charging process to determine the first displayed state of charge based on the correspondence between the current terminal voltage and the displayed state of charge. Since the voltage data changes continuously with the charging and discharging process in the end interval without jumping, the first displayed state of charge determined based on the voltage data also shows a continuous and smooth trend of change.

[0056] As can be seen, in this embodiment, since the first displayed state of charge is determined based on voltage data when the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range, the correlation between the energy storage device voltage data and the state of charge in the end-of-operation range is directly used to determine the displayed state of charge. There is no need to follow the actual state of charge obtained based on the operating data, which may change. Therefore, the problem of display state of charge change caused by the actual state of charge correction change can be solved.

[0057] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the state of charge (SOP) of an energy storage device at the end of its operating range, provided in an embodiment of this application. It can be based on... Figure 2 The application scenario 200 shown is implemented as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes steps S301-S303.

[0058] S301: Obtain operating data from the energy storage device, including voltage data, current data, or temperature data.

[0059] Specifically, the voltage data here includes the cell voltage of multiple individual cells in the energy storage device 202, the current data includes the individual cell voltage of multiple individual cells, and the temperature data includes the cell temperature of multiple individual cells and the ambient temperature of the entire operating environment of the energy storage device 202.

[0060] S302: Determine whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating data. The end-of-operation range includes the charging end range and the discharging end range.

[0061] Optionally, determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on operating data includes: determining the current operating state of the energy storage device, including charging state and discharging state; determining the current first state of charge of the energy storage device based on operating data; and determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating state and the first state of charge.

[0062] Specifically, in this embodiment, the operating state of the energy storage device 202 is mainly determined by calculating the first state of charge of the energy storage device 202, i.e., the displayed state of charge in the related art.

[0063] First, determine the current operating status of the energy storage device 202. The operating status includes charging status and discharging status.

[0064] For example, the battery management system 201 can determine the operating state based on the current data in the operating data. For example, when the current direction is positive, it is determined to be in the charging state, and when the current direction is negative, it is determined to be in the discharging state.

[0065] After determining the operating status, the battery management system 201 determines the current first state of charge of the energy storage device 202 based on the operating data.

[0066] The first state of charge (SBC) is a numerical value used to characterize the current electrical level of the energy storage device 202. This SBC is calculated based on current data from the operating data using the ampere-hour integration method. Further, it incorporates voltage or temperature data from the operating data, and error corrections are applied to the ampere-hour integration result using methods such as open-circuit voltage correction, full-charge-discharge correction, or Kalman filtering.

[0067] Furthermore, it should be noted that this first state of charge is used as a display state of charge in the non-terminal range. That is to say, in the non-operational terminal range of the energy storage device 202, the first state of charge is also used as a display state of charge.

[0068] After obtaining the operating status and the first state of charge, the battery management system 201 determines whether the energy storage device 202 is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating status and the first state of charge. Different operating statuses correspond to different end-of-operation determination methods.

[0069] For example, for an energy storage device 202 in a charging state, if the first state of charge of the energy storage device 202 is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold (such as 70%, 80%, etc.), then the energy storage device 202 is determined to be the charging end interval.

[0070] For the energy storage device 202 in the discharge state, if the first state of charge of the energy storage device 202 is less than or equal to the second preset threshold (such as 30%, 20%, etc.), then the energy storage device 202 is determined to be the discharge end interval.

[0071] In the above manner, the battery management system 201 first determines the current charging and discharging direction of the energy storage device 202 by the current direction, and then determines whether the energy storage device 202 has entered the end range based on the calculated first state of charge.

[0072] As can be seen, in this embodiment of the application, since the operation status and the first state of charge are used to determine whether the energy storage device is in the end of the operation range, the operation status can reflect the corresponding end of the operation range determination benchmark based on the charging and discharging direction, and the first state of charge can quantitatively reflect the current power level of the energy storage device, thus ensuring the accuracy of the end range determination.

[0073] Optionally, the voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. Determining whether the energy storage device is in the final stage of operation based on the operating state and the first state of charge includes: when the energy storage device is in a charging state, if the first state of charge is greater than a first state of charge threshold and less than a full charge state of charge threshold, and / or the highest cell voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold and less than a full charge voltage threshold, then the energy storage device is determined to be in the final stage of charging; wherein the first state of charge threshold is less than the full charge state of charge threshold, and the first voltage threshold is less than the full charge voltage threshold; when the energy storage device is in a discharging state, if the first state of charge is less than a second state of charge threshold and greater than a full discharge state of charge threshold, and / or the lowest cell voltage is less than the second voltage threshold and greater than a full discharge voltage threshold, then the energy storage device is determined to be in the final stage of discharging; wherein the second state of charge threshold is greater than the full discharge state of charge threshold, and the second voltage threshold is greater than the full discharge voltage threshold.

[0074] Specifically, in this application embodiment, the determination of the operating end range of the energy storage device 202 is based on the combined determination of the cell voltage and the first state of charge of the energy storage device 202. The following describes the energy storage device 202 in the charging state and the discharging state respectively.

[0075] The voltage data acquired by the battery management system 201 includes the highest and lowest cell voltages. For an energy storage device 202 containing multiple cells, the battery management system 201 acquires the terminal voltage value of each cell through a voltage acquisition channel, selects the largest value as the highest cell voltage, and selects the smallest value as the lowest cell voltage.

[0076] If the energy storage device 202 is determined to be in a charging state, the battery management system 201 determines whether the entry conditions for the charging end zone are met.

[0077] The entry condition is determined based on at least one of the first state of charge and the highest cell voltage.

[0078] Specifically, the battery management system 201 compares the first state of charge with a preset first state of charge threshold and a full charge state of charge threshold. If the first state of charge is greater than the first state of charge threshold and less than the full charge state of charge threshold, then the charging end determination condition based on the state of charge is met; and / or, the battery management system 201 compares the highest cell voltage with a preset first voltage threshold and a full charge voltage threshold. If the highest cell voltage is greater than the first voltage threshold and less than the full charge voltage threshold, then the charging end determination condition based on the voltage is met.

[0079] Among them, the first state of charge threshold is less than the full charge state of charge threshold, and the first voltage threshold is less than the full charge voltage threshold.

[0080] If either of the above two conditions is met, the energy storage device 202 can be considered to have entered the charging terminal zone.

[0081] If the operating state of the energy storage device 202 is determined to be in a discharge state, the battery management system 201 determines whether the entry conditions for the end of the discharge range are met.

[0082] The entry condition is determined based on at least one of the first state of charge and the lowest cell voltage.

[0083] Specifically, the battery management system 201 compares the first state of charge with a preset second state of charge threshold and a fully discharged state of charge threshold. If the first state of charge is less than the second state of charge threshold and greater than the fully discharged state of charge threshold, the discharge end determination condition based on the state of charge is met; and / or, the battery management system 201 compares the lowest cell voltage with a preset second voltage threshold and a fully discharged voltage threshold. If the lowest cell voltage is less than the second voltage threshold and greater than the fully discharged voltage threshold, the discharge end determination condition based on the voltage is met.

[0084] Among them, the second state of charge threshold is greater than the fully discharged state of charge threshold, and the second voltage threshold is greater than the fully discharged voltage threshold.

[0085] Similar to the charging end interval, the energy storage device 202 can be identified as entering the discharging end interval as long as either of the above two conditions is met.

[0086] Furthermore, the aforementioned first state of charge threshold, second state of charge threshold, first voltage threshold, second voltage threshold, fully charged state of charge threshold, fully discharged state of charge threshold, fully charged voltage threshold, and fully discharged voltage threshold can all be preset according to the cell characteristics of the energy storage device 202.

[0087] For example, the first state of charge threshold can be set to a value within the range of 80%-95% to indicate that the state of charge has entered the charging end range; the second state of charge threshold can be set to a value within the range of 5%-20% to indicate that the state of charge has entered the discharging end range.

[0088] The full charge state threshold can be set to 100% or a value close to 100%, and the full discharge state threshold can be set to 0% or a value close to 0%. The first voltage threshold and the full charge voltage threshold can be set according to the charging end voltage characteristics of the cell, and the second voltage threshold and the full discharge voltage threshold can be set according to the discharging end voltage characteristics of the cell.

[0089] As can be seen, in this embodiment of the application, a redundant determination mechanism is provided by the dual determination dimensions of state of charge and voltage. Even if there are fluctuations or errors in the data of one dimension, the other dimension can still ensure the validity of the determination, thereby improving the reliability and anti-interference ability of end interval identification.

[0090] Optionally, the temperature data includes ambient temperature, and the method further includes: determining the charging rate and discharging rate of the energy storage device based on current data; determining a first voltage threshold based on a charging voltage calibration threshold, wherein the charging voltage calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charging rate; determining a first state of charge threshold based on a charging state of charge calibration threshold, wherein the charging state of charge calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charging rate; determining a second voltage threshold based on a discharging voltage calibration threshold, wherein the discharging voltage calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharging rate; and determining a second state of charge threshold based on a discharging state of charge calibration threshold, wherein the discharging state of charge calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharging rate. Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, before determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the first state of charge and the highest / lowest cell voltage, it is also necessary to determine the relevant voltage and environmental thresholds through temperature data.

[0091] The temperature data acquired by the battery management system 201 includes ambient temperature. The battery management system 201 can collect ambient temperature values ​​through temperature sensors installed inside the energy storage device 202. Simultaneously, the battery management system 201 determines the charging and discharging rates of the energy storage device 202 based on current data.

[0092] After determining the ambient temperature and charging rate, the battery management system 201 determines the first voltage threshold based on the charging voltage calibration threshold, i.e., the correspondence between ambient temperature, charging rate and voltage threshold.

[0093] The charging voltage calibration threshold is obtained in advance through experimental calibration, and it has a corresponding relationship with the ambient temperature and charging rate. That is, under different ambient temperatures and different charging rates, the calibrated first voltage threshold can take different values. For example, please refer to Table 1, which is a table showing the correspondence between a first voltage threshold, ambient temperature, and charging rate provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0094] Table 1

[0095] In Table 1, the vertical axis represents ambient temperature, and the horizontal axis represents charging rate. The values ​​in the table are the first voltage thresholds (in mV) under the corresponding ambient temperature and charging rate conditions. As can be seen from Table 1, at the same ambient temperature, the higher the charging rate, the larger the first voltage threshold; conversely, at the same charging rate, the lower the ambient temperature, the larger the first voltage threshold. This is because at low temperatures or high charging rates, the cell polarization effect is enhanced, causing the terminal voltage to reach a higher value earlier. Therefore, the first voltage threshold needs to be adjusted accordingly to avoid premature end-of-life detection.

[0096] Similarly, the battery management system 201 also determines a first state of charge threshold based on a charging state of charge calibration threshold. This charging state of charge calibration threshold also corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charging rate. In this way, the battery management system 201 can query the corresponding first voltage threshold and first state of charge threshold from the calibration data based on the actual charging rate at the current ambient temperature, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of the charging end interval determination threshold. Please refer to Table 2, which is a table showing the correspondence between a first state of charge threshold, ambient temperature, and charging rate provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0097] Table 2

[0098] In Table 2, the vertical axis represents ambient temperature, and the horizontal axis represents the charging rate. The values ​​in the table are the first state of charge thresholds (in %) under the corresponding ambient temperature and charging rate conditions. As can be seen from Table 2, at the same ambient temperature, the higher the charging rate, the lower the first state of charge threshold is generally; at the same charging rate, the lower the ambient temperature, the lower the first state of charge threshold is also relatively.

[0099] This is because cell polarization is severe under low temperature or high charging rate conditions, and the terminal voltage rises to the lower end range before the state of charge (SCC) reaches a higher value. Therefore, the first SCC threshold needs to be lowered accordingly so that the voltage following strategy can intervene at the appropriate time. The battery management system can obtain the first SCC threshold that matches the current ambient temperature and charging rate by looking up Table 2.

[0100] Similarly, in a discharge scenario, the battery management system 201 determines a second voltage threshold based on a discharge voltage calibration threshold. This discharge voltage calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharge rate. Please refer to Table 3, which is a table showing the correspondence between voltage threshold, ambient temperature, and discharge rate provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0101] Table 3

[0102] Table 3 shows the ambient temperature vertically and the discharge rate horizontally. The values ​​in the table are the second voltage thresholds (in mV) for the corresponding ambient temperature and discharge rate conditions. As can be seen from Table 3, at the same ambient temperature, the higher the discharge rate, the higher the second voltage threshold; conversely, at the same discharge rate, the lower the ambient temperature, the lower the second voltage threshold. This is because at low temperatures or high discharge rates, the cell terminal voltage drops rapidly to a lower value due to polarization. To avoid premature end-of-discharge determination, the second voltage threshold needs to be lowered accordingly. Conversely, at high temperatures or low discharge rates, the terminal voltage drops more gradually, allowing the threshold to be appropriately increased. The battery management system can obtain the second voltage threshold matching the current ambient temperature and discharge rate by consulting Table 3.

[0103] The battery management system 201 further determines a second state-of-charge threshold based on a charging state-of-charge calibration threshold. This charging state-of-charge calibration threshold has a corresponding relationship with ambient temperature and discharge rate. For example, please refer to Table 4, which is a schematic table illustrating the correspondence between a second state-of-charge threshold, ambient temperature, and discharge rate provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0104] Table 4

[0105] Table 4 shows the ambient temperature vertically and the discharge rate horizontally. The values ​​in the table are the second state-of-charge (SOC) thresholds (in %) for the corresponding ambient temperature and discharge rate. Table 4 shows that at the same ambient temperature, the higher the discharge rate, the higher the SOC threshold; conversely, at the same discharge rate, the lower the ambient temperature, the higher the SOC threshold. This is because at low temperatures or high discharge rates, the cell's terminal voltage may drop to the lower end of the SOC range even at a higher SOC state, thus requiring a corresponding increase in the SOC threshold to ensure the voltage following strategy is activated at the appropriate time. Conversely, at high temperatures or low discharge rates, the cell can maintain a higher voltage at a lower SOC state, allowing the threshold to be appropriately lowered. The battery management system can obtain the SOC threshold matching the current ambient temperature and discharge rate by referring to Table 4. The aforementioned charging voltage calibration threshold, charging state of charge calibration threshold, discharging voltage calibration threshold, and discharging state of charge calibration threshold can all be pre-stored in the storage unit of the battery management system 201 in the form of a mapping table.

[0106] In actual operation, the battery management system 201 only needs to obtain the current ambient temperature and rate value to quickly obtain the judgment threshold suitable for the current working conditions by looking up a table.

[0107] As can be seen, in this embodiment, because the first voltage threshold and the first state of charge threshold are dynamically determined based on the ambient temperature and the charging rate, and the second voltage threshold and the second state of charge threshold are dynamically determined based on the ambient temperature and the discharging rate, the determination threshold of the end interval can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual working conditions. This avoids the problem of the determination timing being too early or too late due to changes in cell characteristics under the condition of temperature change or charge / discharge rate change of the fixed threshold. Therefore, the adaptability and accuracy of the end interval determination under different ambient temperatures and different charge / discharge rates are improved.

[0108] S303: If the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range, the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device shall be determined based on the voltage data.

[0109] Optionally, if the voltage data includes the voltages of multiple cells in the energy storage device, then determining the first displayed state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device based on the voltage data includes: determining the second displayed SOC of the energy storage device at a first moment based on the operating data; determining the change in the first SOC of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment based on the voltages of multiple cells; and determining the first displayed SOC of the energy storage device based on the second displayed SOC and the change in the first SOC.

[0110] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first apparent state of charge of the energy storage device 202 is calculated mainly by the voltage of multiple cells in the energy storage device. The specific steps are as follows: The battery management system 201 first obtains a first statistical value of the voltage of all cells at a first moment, and a second statistical value of the voltage of all cells at the current second moment, which is, for example, an arithmetic mean. The battery management system 201 calculates the difference between the second statistical value and the first statistical value to obtain the average voltage change.

[0111] Subsequently, the battery management system 201 uses a pre-calibrated voltage-state-of-charge mapping relationship to convert the average voltage change into a state-of-charge change.

[0112] For example, during the end-of-operation period, the relationship between voltage and state of charge is approximately linear. The battery management system 201 can obtain a conversion coefficient and multiply the average voltage change by this conversion coefficient to obtain the first state of charge change. This conversion coefficient can be a fixed value or determined based on the current ambient temperature and charge / discharge rate to adapt to the cell characteristics under different operating conditions.

[0113] After obtaining the first state of charge change, the battery management system 201 determines the superposition symbol according to the running direction. For example, when charging, the second displayed state of charge is added to the change, and when discharging, the change is subtracted to obtain the first displayed state of charge at the current second moment.

[0114] As another implementation, the battery management system 201 can also use the median voltage instead of the average voltage to reduce the impact of individual cell anomalies on the calculation results. The calculation process is similar to that when using the average voltage.

[0115] It can be seen that by determining the change in state of charge based on the voltage of all cells, a completely different implementation method is provided compared with the voltage following strategy based on operational data in related technologies. This allows the displayed state of charge to be directly driven by voltage data, thereby avoiding the jump problem that may be caused by following the actual internal state of charge.

[0116] Optionally, the energy storage device operates in a charging state. The change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment is determined based on multiple cell voltages, including: determining the highest cell voltage and the highest cell voltage filtered by exponential moving average based on multiple cell voltages; and determining the change in the first state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge, the highest cell voltage, the highest cell voltage filtered by exponential moving average, and the full charge voltage threshold.

[0117] Specifically, the following explanation applies when the energy storage device 202 is in a charging state.

[0118] The battery management system 201 determines the highest cell voltage of the energy storage device 202 based on multiple cell voltages and uses an exponential moving average filter to determine the highest cell voltage.

[0119] The battery management system 201 selects the maximum value from the terminal voltage values ​​of all individual cells as the highest cell voltage; at the same time, it performs exponential moving average filtering on the highest cell voltage to obtain the exponential moving average filtered highest cell voltage.

[0120] The calculation method of exponential moving average filtering is to calculate the weighted average of the original highest cell voltage at the current moment and the filtering result at the previous moment according to the preset weight, so as to smooth the instantaneous noise and random fluctuations in the voltage data.

[0121] After obtaining the highest cell voltage and the exponentially moving average filtered highest cell voltage, the battery management system 201 determines the first state of charge change from the first moment to the current second moment based on the highest cell voltage, the exponentially moving average filtered highest cell voltage, and the full charge voltage threshold. The first state of charge change satisfies the following equation (1); (1) Where ΔSOC1 is the change in the first state of charge, t is the second time moment, t0 is the first time moment, and U(t0) is the extreme single-cell voltage at the first time moment. In equation (1), U(t0) refers to the highest cell voltage. (t) is the extreme single-cell voltage of the exponential moving average filter, which refers to the highest cell voltage in equation (1). DispSOC(t0) is the displayed state of charge at the first moment, i.e., the second displayed state of charge. U high This is the full charge voltage threshold.

[0122] This first change in state of charge reflects the amount by which the state of charge should increase as the cell voltage rises during the end-voltage follow-up period.

[0123] The full charge voltage threshold is a preset voltage value used to characterize the battery cell reaching a fully charged state.

[0124] When the highest cell voltage of the exponential moving average filter rises from the initial value at the first moment to the current value at the current moment, the battery management system 201 calculates the first state of charge change based on the proportion of the voltage increase to the variable range between the initial voltage and the full charge voltage threshold, combined with the remaining space between the state of charge and the full charge state displayed at the initial moment.

[0125] The essence of this calculation method is to use the approximately linear relationship between voltage and state of charge within the terminal interval to map the change in voltage to the change in state of charge.

[0126] After obtaining the first state of charge change, the battery management system 201 determines the first displayed state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge and the first state of charge change.

[0127] By exemplarily adding the change in the second displayed state of charge to the change in the first state of charge, the first displayed state of charge at the current second moment can be obtained. Since voltage is a continuously changing physical quantity, the first displayed state of charge calculated based on the voltage change also exhibits a continuous change and will not show any jumps.

[0128] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between the displayed state of charge calculated based on cell voltage and the displayed state of charge calculated based on operating data, provided for an embodiment of this application; It can be seen that, in the process of reaching a fully charged state, that is, a 100% state of charge, compared with the existing technology for displaying the state of charge, the first display of the state of charge shows a continuous change, and there is no problem of jumping during the process of reaching a 100% state of charge.

[0129] Optionally, the energy storage device operates in a discharge state. The change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment is determined based on multiple cell voltages, including: determining the minimum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage filtered by exponential moving average based on multiple cell voltages; determining the change in the first state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge, the minimum cell voltage, the minimum cell voltage filtered by exponential moving average, and the full discharge voltage threshold; and determining the first displayed state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge and the change in the first state of charge.

[0130] Specifically, the following explanation applies when the energy storage device 202 is in a discharge state.

[0131] The battery management system 201 determines the minimum cell voltage of the energy storage device 202 and the minimum cell voltage by exponential moving average filtering based on multiple cell voltages.

[0132] Specifically, the battery management system 201 selects the minimum value from the terminal voltage values ​​of all individual cells as the lowest cell voltage; at the same time, it performs exponential moving average filtering on the lowest cell voltage to obtain the exponential moving average filtered lowest cell voltage, so as to smooth out the instantaneous noise and random fluctuations in the voltage data.

[0133] After obtaining the minimum cell voltage and the exponentially moving average filtered minimum cell voltage, the battery management system 201 determines the change in the first state of charge from the first moment to the current second moment based on the minimum cell voltage, the exponentially moving average filtered minimum cell voltage, and the full discharge voltage threshold. This satisfies the following equation (2). (2) Where ΔSOC2 is the change in the first state of charge, t is the second time moment, t0 is the first time moment, and U(t0) is the extreme single-cell voltage at the first time moment. In equation (2), U(t0) refers to the lowest cell voltage. (t) is the extreme single-cell voltage of the exponential moving average filter, and the lowest cell voltage of the exponential moving average filter in equation (2). DispSOC(t0) is the displayed state of charge at the first moment, i.e., the second displayed state of charge. U low This is the full discharge voltage threshold.

[0134] This first change in state of charge reflects the amount by which the state of charge should decrease as the cell voltage decreases during the end-voltage follow-up period.

[0135] The full-discharge voltage threshold is a preset voltage value used to characterize the cell reaching a fully discharged state. When the minimum cell voltage filtered by the exponential moving average decreases from the initial value at the first moment to the current value at the current moment, the battery management system 201 calculates the first state-of-charge change based on the proportion of this voltage drop to the variable range between the initial voltage and the full-discharge voltage threshold, combined with the remaining space between the state of charge displayed at the initial moment and the fully discharged state.

[0136] After obtaining the first state of charge change, the battery management system 201 determines the first displayed state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge and the first state of charge change.

[0137] For example, the first state of charge can be obtained by subtracting the change in the first state of charge from the second state of charge.

[0138] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between the displayed state of charge calculated based on cell voltage and the displayed state of charge calculated based on operating data, provided as an embodiment of this application. It can be seen that, in the process of reaching the fully charged state, i.e., the 0% charge state, compared with the existing technology for displaying the charge state, the first display of the charge state shows a continuous change, and there is no problem of jumping during the process of reaching the 0% charge state.

[0139] In some possible implementations, after determining the first state of charge change of the energy storage device from a first moment to the current second moment based on multiple cell voltages, the method further includes: determining a correction coefficient based on temperature data and ambient temperature, wherein the correction coefficient corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charge / discharge rate; correcting the first state of charge change based on the correction coefficient to obtain a second state of charge change; and determining the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device based on the second displayed state of charge and the first state of charge change, including: determining the first displayed state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge and the second state of charge change.

[0140] Specifically, the battery management system 201 also determines a correction coefficient based on the ambient temperature and the charge / discharge rate corresponding to the current data in the temperature data, and uses the correction coefficient to correct the first state of charge change to obtain the second state of charge change.

[0141] For example, the battery management system 201 collects the current ambient temperature through a temperature sensor and determines the current charging or discharging rate based on current data. Based on a pre-calibrated temperature-rate-correction factor mapping relationship, the battery management system 201 queries a correction factor that matches the current ambient temperature and the current charging / discharging rate.

[0142] This correction factor is used to compensate for the voltage-state-of-charge mapping deviation caused by cell polarization under different temperature and rate conditions. Its value can be obtained through experimental calibration. For example, under different temperature and rate combinations, the voltage change is compared with the actual state-of-charge change, and the corresponding correction factor is fitted.

[0143] After obtaining the correction factor, the battery management system 201 multiplies the first state-of-charge change by the correction factor to obtain the second state-of-charge change. Finally, the battery management system 201 determines the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device 202 based on the second displayed state of charge and the second state-of-charge change, that is, by algebraically superimposing the second displayed state of charge and the second state-of-charge change (adding during charging and subtracting during discharging) to obtain the first displayed state of charge at the current second moment.

[0144] It can be seen that by introducing a correction coefficient related to ambient temperature and charge / discharge rate during the voltage tracking process, the change in the first state of charge is compensated and corrected, so that the change in the final value used to determine the displayed state of charge can adapt to the differences in cell characteristics under different temperatures and rates. This avoids the calculation deviation caused by the deviation of the voltage-state of charge mapping relationship due to polarization effect under low temperature or high rate conditions, and further improves the accuracy and adaptability of the displayed state of charge in the end interval under various conditions. Under extreme temperature and high charge / discharge rate conditions, it has a better display SOC tracking effect.

[0145] Optionally, the voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. The method further includes: if the highest cell voltage is not less than the full charge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is a first preset value, which is used to characterize that the energy storage device is in a fully charged state; if the lowest cell voltage is not greater than the full discharge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is a second preset value, which is used to characterize that the energy storage device is in a fully discharged state.

[0146] Specifically, the voltage data acquired by the battery management system 201 includes the highest and lowest cell voltages. During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device 202, in addition to calculating the first displayed state of charge based on continuous voltage changes, the battery management system 201 also monitors in real time whether the highest and lowest cell voltages have reached the termination conditions for full charging or full discharging.

[0147] When the energy storage device 202 is in a charging state, the battery management system 201 compares the highest cell voltage collected in real time with the preset full charge voltage threshold.

[0148] If the highest cell voltage is not less than the full charge voltage threshold, it means that the cell with the highest voltage in the energy storage device 202 has reached the full charge termination condition. At this time, the battery management system 201 directly sets the first displayed state of charge to the first preset value. This first preset value is used to characterize that the energy storage device 202 is in a fully charged state, for example, it can be set to 100% or a value close to 100%.

[0149] When the energy storage device 202 is in a discharging state, the battery management system 201 compares the lowest cell voltage, which is collected in real time, with a preset full-discharge voltage threshold. If the lowest cell voltage is not greater than the full-discharge voltage threshold, it indicates that the cell with the lowest voltage in the energy storage device 202 has reached the full-discharge termination condition. At this time, the battery management system 201 directly sets the first displayed state of charge to a second preset value. This second preset value is used to characterize that the energy storage device 202 is in a full-discharge state, and can be set to 0% or a value close to 0%.

[0150] The direct assignment method described above can accurately set the displayed state of charge to the value corresponding to full charge / discharge when the cell has indeed reached full charge / discharge state, avoiding the problem that the linear calculation of the voltage following strategy cannot accurately reach the full discharge value due to calculation errors when approaching the full charge / discharge voltage threshold.

[0151] For example, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram comparing the displayed state of charge calculated based on cell voltage with the displayed state of charge calculated based on operating data, as provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0152] in, Figure 6The horizontal axis represents time (in seconds), and the vertical axis represents the displayed state of charge (in %). The solid line represents the curve of the first displayed state of charge over time obtained based on the cell voltage, using the scheme provided in this application embodiment; the dashed line represents the curve of the displayed state of charge over time obtained using the prior art based on the real SOC tracking method.

[0153] from Figure 6 As can be seen, in the discharge end range, as the discharge process progresses, the first displayed state of charge in this embodiment of the application starts from the initial value and continues to decrease smoothly over time. Finally, when the lowest cell voltage drops to no more than the full discharge voltage threshold, the first displayed state of charge is directly assigned the second preset value (e.g., 0%). The displayed value changes continuously throughout the process without any stagnation or jump.

[0154] However, existing technologies that track the state of charge (SOC) of displays, once they reach around 1.0%, tend to maintain a level of 1.0% for an extended period due to estimation errors in the actual SOC. Figure 6 The pause period marked in the text will continue until the full discharge flag is triggered, at which point the discharge rate will jump to 0%. During this pause, users will perceive a "stuttering" in the discharge process or the battery level display will no longer change.

[0155] As can be seen, in this embodiment, because the first displayed state of charge is set to the first preset value when the highest cell voltage is not less than the full charge voltage threshold, and the first displayed state of charge is set to the second preset value when the lowest cell voltage is not greater than the full discharge voltage threshold, a direct assignment mechanism of the final value of full charge and full discharge is introduced on the basis of the voltage following strategy. This not only makes full use of the smooth change advantage of the end voltage following, but also avoids the stagnation of the state of charge caused by the estimation error of the actual SOC.

[0156] As can be seen from the methods in the above-described embodiments, calculating the displayed state of charge (SOC) based on the voltage data of the energy storage device at the end of the operating range solves the problem of displayed SOC jumps caused by actual SOC correction jumps in related technologies. Based on a redundancy determination mechanism, dynamically determining the first voltage threshold and the first SOC threshold according to ambient temperature and charging rate ensures the accuracy of the first displayed SOC. A direct assignment mechanism for the final values ​​of full charge and full discharge is introduced to avoid SOC stagnation caused by estimation errors in the actual SOC.

[0157] Based on the description of the above configuration method embodiments, this application also provides a state of charge determination device 700 for the end-of-operation range of an energy storage device. This state of charge determination device 700 for the end-of-operation range of an energy storage device can be used in... Figure 2 A computer program (including program code) for the battery management system 201 shown, and used for execution as described above. Figure 3The method shown. See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a state of charge determination device for the end-of-operation range of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of this application. The state of charge determination device 700 for the end-of-operation range of the energy storage device includes: The acquisition unit 701 is used to acquire the operating data of the energy storage device, including voltage data, current data, or temperature data.

[0158] The judgment unit 702 is used to determine whether the energy storage device is in the end of the operation range based on the operation data. The end of the operation range includes the charging end range and the discharging end range.

[0159] The determination unit 703 is used to determine the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device based on voltage data if the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range.

[0160] In one possible embodiment, in determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating data, the determining unit 703 is further specifically used to: determine the current operating state of the energy storage device, the operating state including charging state and discharging state; determine the current first state of charge of the energy storage device based on the operating data; and determine whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating state and the first state of charge.

[0161] In one possible embodiment, the voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. Regarding determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating state and the first state of charge, the determining unit 703 is further specifically configured to: when the energy storage device is in a charging state, if the first state of charge is greater than a first state of charge threshold and less than a full-charge state of charge threshold, and / or the highest cell voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold and less than a full-charge voltage threshold, then determine that the energy storage device is in the end-of-charge range; wherein the first state of charge threshold is less than the full-charge state of charge threshold, and the first voltage threshold is less than the full-charge voltage threshold; when the energy storage device is in a discharging state, if the first state of charge is less than a second state of charge threshold and greater than a full-discharge state of charge threshold, and / or the lowest cell voltage is less than the second voltage threshold and greater than a full-discharge voltage threshold, then determine that the energy storage device is in the end-of-discharge range; wherein the second state of charge threshold is greater than the full-discharge state of charge threshold, and the second voltage threshold is greater than the full-discharge voltage threshold.

[0162] In one possible embodiment, the temperature data includes ambient temperature, and the determining unit 703 is further specifically configured to: determine the charging rate and discharging rate of the energy storage device based on the current data; determine a first voltage threshold based on a charging voltage calibration threshold, wherein the charging voltage calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charging rate; determine a first state of charge threshold based on a charging state of charge calibration threshold, wherein the charging state of charge calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the charging rate; determine a second voltage threshold based on a charging voltage calibration threshold, wherein the charging voltage calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharging rate; and determine a second state of charge threshold based on a charging state of charge calibration threshold, wherein the charging state of charge calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharging rate.

[0163] In one possible embodiment, the voltage data includes the voltages of multiple cells in the energy storage device. Regarding determining the first apparent state of charge (SPO) of the energy storage device based on the voltage data, the determining unit 703 is further specifically configured to: determine the first SPO of the energy storage device based on the voltage data, which includes: determining the second SPO of the energy storage device at a first moment based on operating data; determining the change in the first SPO of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment based on the multiple cell voltages; and determining the first SPO of the energy storage device based on the second SPO and the change in the first SPO.

[0164] In one possible embodiment, the energy storage device is in a charging state. In determining the change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from a first moment to the current second moment based on multiple cell voltages, the determining unit 703 is further specifically used to: determine the highest cell voltage and the exponentially moving average filtered highest cell voltage of the energy storage device based on multiple cell voltages; and determine the change in the first state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge, the highest cell voltage, the exponentially moving average filtered highest cell voltage, and the full charge voltage threshold.

[0165] In one possible embodiment, the energy storage device operates in a discharge state. In determining the change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from a first moment to the current second moment based on multiple cell voltages, the determining unit 703 is further specifically configured to: determine the minimum cell voltage and the exponentially moving average filtered minimum cell voltage of the energy storage device based on multiple cell voltages; determine the change in the first state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge, the minimum cell voltage, the exponentially moving average filtered minimum cell voltage, and the full discharge voltage threshold; and determine the first displayed state of charge based on the second displayed state of charge and the decrease in the first state of charge.

[0166] In one possible embodiment, the determining unit 703 is further specifically configured to: if the change in the first state of charge is less than a preset reduction amount, then determine the first displayed state of charge based on the operating data.

[0167] In one possible embodiment, the voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. The determining unit 703 is further specifically configured to: if the highest cell voltage is not less than the full charge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is a first preset value, which is used to characterize the energy storage device as being in a fully charged state; if the lowest cell voltage is not greater than the full discharge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is a second preset value, which is used to characterize the energy storage device as being in a fully discharged state.

[0168] Based on the description of the above method and device embodiments, please refer to... Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 The electronic device 800 shown (specifically, the electronic device 800 may be a computer device, Figure 2 The battery management system 201 shown includes a memory 801, a processor 802, a communication interface 803, and a bus 804. The memory 801, processor 802, and communication interface 803 are interconnected via the bus 804.

[0169] The memory 801 may be a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM).

[0170] The memory 801 can store programs. When the program code stored in the memory 801 is executed by the processor 802, the processor 802 and the communication interface 803 are used to execute the various steps of the method for determining the state of charge of the energy storage device at the end of operation in this embodiment of the application.

[0171] The processor 802 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), graphics processing unit (GPU), or at least one integrated circuit, for executing related programs to achieve the functions required by the units in the electronic device 800 of this application embodiment, or to execute the method for determining the state of charge of the energy storage device at the end of its operating range in the method embodiment of this application.

[0172] The processor 802 can also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the method for determining the state of charge (SOP) of the energy storage device at the end of its operation according to this application can be completed by the integrated logic circuits in the hardware of the processor 802 or by instructions in software form. The processor 802 can also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microcontroller or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory 801. The processor 802 reads the information in the memory 801 and, in conjunction with its hardware, performs the functions required by the units included in the electronic device 800 of this application embodiment, or performs the method for determining the state of charge of the energy storage device at the end of its operation in the method embodiment of this application.

[0173] The communication interface 803 uses transceiver devices, such as, but not limited to, transceivers, to enable communication between the electronic device 800 and other devices or communication networks. For example, data can be acquired through the communication interface 803.

[0174] Bus 804 may include a pathway for transmitting information between various components of electronic device 800 (e.g., memory 801, processor 802, communication interface 803).

[0175] It should be noted that, although Figure 8 The illustrated electronic device 800 only shows a memory 801, a processor 802, and a communication interface 803. However, those skilled in the art should understand that in specific implementations, the electronic device 800 may also include other devices necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, depending on specific needs, those skilled in the art should understand that the electronic device 800 may also include hardware devices for implementing other additional functions. Moreover, those skilled in the art should understand that the electronic device 800 may only include the devices necessary for implementing the embodiments of this application, and may not necessarily include... Figure 8 All the devices shown.

[0176] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a data interface. The processor reads instructions stored in the memory through the data interface to implement the method for determining the state of charge of the energy storage device at the end of its operation.

[0177] Optionally, as one implementation, the chip may further include a memory storing instructions, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory. When the instructions are executed, the processor is used to execute the method for determining the state of charge of the energy storage device at the end of its operating range.

[0178] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer or processor, cause the computer or processor to perform at least one step of any of the above methods.

[0179] This application also provides a computer program product containing instructions. When the computer program product is run on a computer or processor, it causes the computer or processor to perform at least one step of any of the methods described above.

[0180] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functionality described in conjunction with the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and algorithmic steps disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality described by the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and steps can be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium and executed by a hardware-based processing unit. The computer-readable medium may comprise a computer-readable storage medium, which corresponds to a tangible medium, such as a data storage medium, or a communication medium that includes any medium facilitating the transfer of a computer program from one place to another (e.g., based on a communication protocol). In this way, the computer-readable medium may substantially correspond to (1) a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium, or (2) a communication medium, such as a signal or carrier wave. The data storage medium may be any available medium accessible by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code, and / or data structures for implementing the techniques described in this application. A computer program product may comprise a computer-readable medium.

[0181] By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or any other media that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible by a computer. Furthermore, any connection is properly referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if instructions are transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of media. However, it should be understood that the computer-readable storage media and data storage media do not include connections, carrier waves, signals, or other temporary media, but are specifically addressed to non-temporary tangible storage media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include compact optical discs (CDs), laser optical discs, optical discs, digital versatile optical discs (DVDs), and Blu-ray discs, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. The combination of the above items should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media.

[0182] Instructions can be executed by one or more processors, such as digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microcontrollers, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Therefore, the term "processor" as used herein can refer to any of the foregoing structures or any other structures suitable for implementing the techniques described herein. Furthermore, in some aspects, the functionality described in the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and steps described herein can be provided within dedicated hardware and / or software modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated into combined codecs. Moreover, the techniques can be fully implemented within one or more circuit or logic elements.

[0183] The technology of this application can be implemented in a wide variety of devices or apparatuses, including wireless handheld devices, integrated circuits (ICs), or a set of ICs (e.g., chipsets). The various components, modules, or units described in this application are intended to emphasize functional aspects of the apparatus for performing the disclosed technology, but do not necessarily need to be implemented by different hardware units. In fact, as described above, the various units can be combined with suitable software and / or firmware within coded hardware units, or provided via interoperable hardware units (containing one or more processors as described above).

[0184] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the specific descriptions of the corresponding steps in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0185] It should be understood that in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B; where A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple. Additionally, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used in the embodiments of this application to distinguish identical or similar items with substantially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first," "second," etc., do not necessarily imply difference. In this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being better or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0186] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the division of units is merely a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. The coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection shown or discussed between each other may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, apparatuses, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0187] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0188] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. This computer program product includes at least one computer instruction. When the computer program instruction is loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instruction can be stored in or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium. The computer instruction can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates at least one available medium. The available media can be read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), or magnetic media, such as floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, or optical media, such as digital versatile discs (DVDs), or semiconductor media, such as solid state disks (SSDs).

[0189] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of this application, but the protection scope of the embodiments of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of this application should be covered within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

[0190] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units and modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. Furthermore, some or all of the units and modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0191] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the state of charge (SPO) of an energy storage device at the end of its operation, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire operational data of the energy storage device, including voltage data, current data, or temperature data; Based on the operational data, it is determined whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range, which includes the end-of-charge range and the end-of-discharge range. If the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range, the first apparent state of charge of the energy storage device is determined based on the voltage data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating data includes: Determine the current operating status of the energy storage device, including charging status and discharging status; The current first state of charge of the energy storage device is determined based on the operating data; The energy storage device is determined to be in the end-of-operation range based on the operating status and the first state of charge.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage. Determining whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range based on the operating state and the first state of charge includes: When the energy storage device is in a charging state. If the first state of charge is greater than the first state of charge threshold and less than the full charge state of charge threshold, and / or the highest cell voltage is greater than the first voltage threshold and less than the full charge voltage threshold, then the energy storage device is determined to be in the charging end interval; wherein, the first state of charge threshold is less than the full charge state of charge threshold, and the first voltage threshold is less than the full charge voltage threshold. When the energy storage device is in a discharging state. If the first state of charge is less than the second state of charge threshold and greater than the fully discharged state of charge threshold, and / or the lowest cell voltage is less than the second voltage threshold and greater than the fully discharged voltage threshold, then the energy storage device is determined to be in the discharge end range; wherein the second state of charge threshold is greater than the fully discharged state of charge threshold, and the second voltage threshold is greater than the fully discharged voltage threshold.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature data includes ambient temperature, and the method further includes: The charging rate and discharging rate of the energy storage device are determined based on the current data. The first voltage threshold is determined based on the charging voltage calibration threshold, and the charging voltage calibration threshold has a corresponding relationship with the ambient temperature and the charging rate; The first state of charge threshold is determined based on the state of charge calibration threshold, and the state of charge calibration threshold has a corresponding relationship with the ambient temperature and the charging rate; The second voltage threshold is determined based on the discharge voltage calibration threshold, and the discharge voltage calibration threshold has a corresponding relationship with the ambient temperature and the discharge rate; The second state of charge threshold is determined based on the state of discharge calibration threshold, and the state of discharge calibration threshold corresponds to the ambient temperature and the discharge rate.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The voltage data includes the voltages of multiple cells in the energy storage device, and determining the first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device based on the voltage data includes: The second displayed state of charge of the energy storage device at a first moment is determined based on the operating data; The change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment is determined based on the voltage of the plurality of cells. The first displayed state of charge of the energy storage device is determined based on the second displayed state of charge and the change in the first state of charge.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy storage device is in a charging state. Determining the change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment based on the voltages of the multiple battery cells includes: The highest cell voltage and the exponential moving average filtered highest cell voltage of the energy storage device are determined based on the multiple cell voltages. The change in the first state of charge is determined based on the second displayed state of charge, the highest cell voltage, the highest cell voltage filtered by the exponential moving average, and the full charge voltage threshold.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy storage device is in a discharge state. The step of determining the change in the first state of charge of the energy storage device from the first moment to the current second moment based on the multiple cell voltages includes: determining the minimum cell voltage and the exponential moving average filtered minimum cell voltage of the energy storage device based on the multiple cell voltages. The change in the first state of charge is determined based on the second displayed state of charge, the minimum cell voltage, the exponential moving average filtered minimum cell voltage, and the full discharge voltage threshold. The first displayed state of charge is determined based on the second displayed state of charge and the change in the first state of charge.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the change in the first state of charge is less than the preset reduction amount, then the first displayed state of charge is determined based on the operating data.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The voltage data includes the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage, and the method further includes: If the highest cell voltage is not less than the full charge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is a first preset value, which is used to characterize that the energy storage device is in a fully charged state. If the minimum cell voltage is not greater than the full discharge voltage threshold, then the first displayed state of charge is the second preset value, which is used to characterize that the energy storage device is in a fully discharged state.

10. A device for determining the state of charge (SPO) of an energy storage device during its operational terminal phase, characterized in that, The apparatus is used to perform the method for determining the state of charge of an energy storage device at the end of its operating range as described in any one of claims 1-9, the apparatus comprising: An acquisition unit is used to acquire operating data of the energy storage device, the operating data including voltage data, current data or temperature data; The judgment unit is used to determine whether the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation interval based on the operating data, wherein the end-of-operation interval includes a charging end-of-operation interval and a discharging end-of-operation interval. The determining unit is configured to determine the first apparent state of charge of the energy storage device based on the voltage data if the energy storage device is in the end-of-operation range.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and at least one program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, the program including instructions for performing the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for electronic data interchange, wherein the computer program causes a computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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