Seismic data processing method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of seismic data processing method, device, equipment and medium.The method comprises: obtaining seismic shot data;According to the frequency spectrum energy distribution of seismic shot data, the lower limit frequency and upper limit frequency of effective band are determined;According to the lower limit frequency and upper limit frequency of effective band, wide frequency filter operator is determined, wide frequency filter operator is constant in effective band, and the amplitude of wide frequency filter operator is smoothly changed in the frequency band outside effective band, and the amplitude of wide frequency filter operator is continuous at the lower limit frequency and upper limit frequency of effective band;Based on wide frequency filter operator, wide frequency filter processing is carried out to seismic shot data.The application can solve the problem that signal distortion easily occurs at the boundary of effective band during wide frequency filter processing of seismic data, and can improve the quality of wide frequency filter processing of seismic data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration seismic data processing technology, and in particular to a seismic data processing method, apparatus, equipment and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Effective seismic waves are usually concentrated within a limited frequency band, while the low-frequency and high-frequency ranges are mostly filled with interference noise. Therefore, it is usually necessary to suppress and attenuate the noise signals at the low-frequency end and below and the high-frequency end and above of the effective signal in seismic data to improve the quality of seismic data.

[0003] Trapezoidal bandpass filtering is a common technique for broadband filtering of seismic shot gather data. It can suppress noise outside the effective frequency band and is often used after pulse deconvolution to filter out noise outside the effective signal band introduced by pulse deconvolution. However, when using this filter for broadband filtering of seismic data, signal distortion is prone to occur at the boundaries of the effective frequency band, and low-frequency effective signals are easily lost, making it impossible to guarantee the accuracy and data fidelity of broadband filtering of seismic data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a seismic data processing method, apparatus, device, and medium to solve the problem of signal distortion that easily occurs at the effective frequency band boundary when performing broadband filtering on seismic data.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a seismic data processing method is provided, comprising: Acquire seismic shot gather data; Based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data, the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency are determined; the first boundary frequency is the lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band, and the second boundary frequency is the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band; the effective frequency band is the continuous frequency range containing the peak spectral energy in the seismic shot gather data, and the cumulative spectral energy within the effective frequency band reaches a preset energy ratio of the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather data. Based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, a broadband filter operator is determined. The broadband filter operator has a constant amplitude within the effective frequency band and a smooth and gradual amplitude change in the frequency band outside the effective frequency band. The amplitude of the broadband filter operator is continuous at the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. Based on the broadband filtering operator, broadband filtering processing is performed on seismic shot gather data.

[0006] According to another aspect of the present invention, a seismic data processing apparatus is provided, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire seismic shot gather data; A boundary determination module is used to determine a first boundary frequency and a second boundary frequency based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data; the first boundary frequency is the lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band, and the second boundary frequency is the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band; the effective frequency band is a continuous frequency range in the seismic shot gather data that contains spectral energy peaks, and the accumulated spectral energy within the effective frequency band reaches a preset energy ratio of the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather data; The operator determination module is used to determine a broadband filtering operator based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. The broadband filtering operator has a constant amplitude within the effective frequency band, and the amplitude of the broadband filtering operator changes smoothly and gradually in the frequency band outside the effective frequency band. The amplitude of the broadband filtering operator is continuous at the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. A broadband processing module is used to perform broadband filtering processing on the seismic shot gather data based on the broadband filtering operator.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising: At least one processor; and, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, which enables the at least one processor to perform the seismic data processing method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to execute and implement the seismic data processing method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] According to another aspect of this application, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic data processing method described in any embodiment of this application.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention acquires seismic shot gather data and delineates the effective frequency band based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data, determining the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. This accurately identifies the frequency range where the effective seismic signal is located, distinguishing between the effective signal frequency band and the interference frequency band, ensuring that subsequent broadband filtering can be performed on different frequency bands. A broadband filtering operator is constructed based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, and broadband filtering processing is performed on the seismic shot gather data based on this broadband filtering operator. The amplitude of this broadband filtering operator is constant within the effective frequency band and smoothly changes gradually outside the effective frequency band. The continuous amplitude at the effective frequency band boundary avoids signal distortion caused by abrupt truncation at the filter band boundary. It can ensure that seismic signals within the effective frequency band are not lost while effectively attenuating noise signals outside the effective frequency band, thus improving the effective seismic signal information. Based on the above technical solution, it can solve the problem of signal distortion at the effective frequency band boundary during broadband filtering of seismic data. It can achieve complete preservation of effective seismic signals and stable suppression of high and low frequency noise interference outside the effective frequency band, thereby improving the quality of broadband filtering of seismic data and improving the signal-to-noise ratio and fidelity of the final seismic data.

[0011] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a seismic data processing method provided according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial frequency band amplitude curve of a conventional filtering operator provided according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial frequency band amplitude curve of a broadband filtering operator provided according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an earthquake data processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device that implements the seismic data processing method of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] It should be noted that the terms "candidate," "target," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a seismic data processing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations where broadband filtering processing is performed on seismic data, especially when it is necessary to attenuate noise outside the effective frequency band after the seismic data has undergone pulse deconvolution processing. This method can be executed by a seismic data processing device, which can be implemented in hardware and / or software. The seismic data processing device can be configured in any electronic device with network communication capabilities.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, an earthquake data processing method provided in this embodiment of the invention may include: S110, Obtain seismic shot gather data.

[0018] The acquired seismic shot gather data refers to shot record data that requires broadband filtering. This can refer to seismic data with noise interference outside the effective frequency band and a large span of spectral energy distribution. For example, it can refer to seismic data after pulse deconvolution processing. After wavelet compression and frequency extension, the effective frequency band of this type of seismic data is significantly widened, but the noise energy in the high and low frequency bands outside the effective frequency band is also significantly enhanced, requiring filtering to attenuate the noise outside the effective frequency band.

[0019] S120. Based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data, determine the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency; the first boundary frequency is the lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band, and the second boundary frequency is the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band; the effective frequency band is the continuous frequency range containing the peak spectral energy in the seismic shot gather data, and the cumulative spectral energy within the effective frequency band reaches a preset energy ratio of the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather data.

[0020] Spectral energy distribution refers to the energy distribution state and pattern of seismic shot gather data across different frequency dimensions. The energy of effective seismic waves is typically concentrated within a finite frequency band, with low-frequency and high-frequency components outside this band largely consisting of noise energy. Therefore, based on the spectral energy distribution of seismic shot gather data, the effective frequency band of the data can be determined, along with the first and second boundary frequencies. The effective frequency band refers to the range where most of the energy in the seismic data is concentrated; typically, it refers to a continuous effective frequency interval containing the peak spectral energy of the seismic data and whose cumulative energy meets a preset energy ratio. The preset energy ratio refers to a pre-defined standard for the proportion of spectral energy used to determine the effective signal coverage area of ​​the seismic data. By filtering out continuous frequency intervals carrying effective seismic information based on the spectral energy distribution of seismic shot gather data and defining the upper and lower boundary frequencies of the effective frequency band, accurate differentiation between effective signal frequency bands and ineffective interference frequency bands can be achieved, providing a basis for targeted processing of broadband filtering in different frequency bands.

[0021] As an optional but not limited implementation, determining the first and second boundary frequencies based on the spectral energy distribution of seismic shot gather data may include: Determine the average power spectrum of the seismic shot gather data; The deconvolution desired frequency is determined based on the extreme value distribution of the average power spectrum. The effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data is determined based on the deconvolution expected frequency and the preset energy ratio. The lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band is determined as the first boundary frequency, and the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band is determined as the second boundary frequency.

[0022] The average power spectrum refers to the spectral statistics that characterize the average energy of each frequency component in seismic shot gather data. In the average power spectrum of seismic shot gather data, the effective seismic wave energy exhibits an approximately bell-shaped distribution, with the main frequency band displaying a Gaussian-like distribution characteristic. The energy is concentrated in a finite middle frequency band, gradually attenuating towards lower and higher frequencies. Therefore, based on the frequency distribution corresponding to the local maxima of energy in the average power spectrum, the desired deconvolution frequency can be determined. This desired deconvolution frequency refers to the target characteristic frequency upon which deconvolution processing is based. The effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data is delineated by combining the desired deconvolution frequency and a preset energy ratio. The upper and lower limit frequencies of the effective frequency band are then set as the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, respectively.

[0023] The average power spectrum can eliminate the interference caused by energy fluctuations in a single seismic record, thus improving the stability of frequency feature identification. The deconvolution expectation frequency can be determined by the extreme value distribution of the power spectrum, so that the frequency band division can meet the needs of subsequent deconvolution processing. The effective frequency band can be constrained by both the deconvolution expectation frequency and the energy ratio, thus avoiding the defects of unreasonable frequency band selection caused by relying on a single energy standard. This can achieve adaptive and accurate delineation of the effective frequency band.

[0024] Optionally, determining the desired deconvolution frequency based on the extreme value distribution of the average power spectrum may include: Identify the extreme points in the average power spectrum; Obtain the secondary extreme points on both sides of the extreme point, where both sides refer to the side with a frequency lower than the extreme point frequency and the side with a frequency higher than the extreme point frequency; Calculate the average frequency of the secondary extreme points on both sides of the extreme point, and determine the average value as the desired frequency of the deconvolution.

[0025] The extreme point can be the frequency position corresponding to the largest local maxima among all the local maxima in the average power spectrum. The secondary extreme points can be feature points located on the low-frequency and high-frequency sides of the extreme point, respectively, and whose spectral energy is second only to the extreme point. First, the extreme point is identified within the average power spectrum. Then, the secondary extreme points corresponding to the low-frequency and high-frequency sides of the extreme point are extracted respectively. The average value of the frequencies corresponding to the two secondary extreme points is calculated, and this average value is used as the desired frequency for deconvolution.

[0026] By relying on the extreme points of the power spectrum to lock the core energy region and using the secondary extreme points on both sides for equalization constraints, the deviation caused by the randomness of a single peak frequency can be weakened. By determining the target frequency by the average of the secondary extreme frequencies on both sides of the high and low frequencies, the low-frequency and high-frequency information can be balanced, making the obtained deconvolution expected frequency more stable and reliable, and effectively alleviating the problem of frequency selection deviation caused by single-point spectrum anomalies.

[0027] Optionally, determining the effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data based on the desired deconvolution frequency and a preset energy ratio may include: Using the deconvolution expected frequency as the center of the first interval, the range of the first interval is expanded to the side with frequencies less than the deconvolution expected frequency and the side with frequencies greater than the deconvolution expected frequency, respectively. The first ratio is calculated, which is the proportion of the total cumulative spectral energy in the first interval to the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather. The first interval is a continuous frequency interval. If the first ratio does not reach the preset energy ratio, the range of the first interval is further expanded to the side with a frequency lower than the desired frequency of deconvolution and the side with a frequency higher than the desired frequency of deconvolution, and the first ratio is recalculated. If the first ratio reaches the preset energy ratio, the first interval will be determined as the effective frequency band.

[0028] Using the desired deconvolution frequency as the central reference, an initial first interval is constructed. The interval is then expanded bidirectionally towards both the low-frequency and high-frequency sides, and the first proportion of energy percentage for each interval is calculated in real time. If the first proportion does not meet the preset energy percentage standard, bidirectional frequency spreading continues and the energy percentage is iteratively updated until the first proportion meets the preset energy percentage requirement. Finally, the first interval after iteration is defined as the effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data. For example, the preset energy percentage is set to 90%.

[0029] By expanding the effective frequency band around the characteristic frequency that is compatible with deconvolution processing, the defined effective frequency band can closely match the needs of subsequent data processing. By defining the frequency band through bidirectional symmetrical expansion and iterative verification of energy proportion, the actual energy distribution characteristics of seismic data can be accurately matched, thus avoiding the subjectivity and limitations of manually fixed frequency band settings. This ensures that the effective frequency band contains the core effective seismic signal as completely as possible, while accurately eliminating invalid interference frequency bands that do not meet the energy standard, thereby improving the accuracy and rationality of the effective frequency band definition.

[0030] S130. Based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, determine the broadband filter operator. The broadband filter operator has a constant amplitude within the effective frequency band and a smooth and gradual amplitude change in the frequency band outside the effective frequency band. The amplitude of the broadband filter operator is continuous at the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency.

[0031] A broadband filter operator refers to a filter operation weight model adapted to the broadband filtering requirements of seismic data, used to control the signal amplitude in different frequency bands. The amplitude of a broadband filter operator can refer to the operational weight value at different frequencies; constant amplitude means the weight value remains stable within the frequency band; smooth and gradual amplitude change means the weight value changes steadily and continuously without abrupt changes; continuous amplitude means the weight values ​​at the frequency band boundaries are seamlessly connected without jumps. Specifically, a steady and continuous change means that the weight value changes smoothly with frequency without any abrupt changes, transitioning gradually without breaks or jumps, avoiding local sharp increases or decreases. This steady and continuous change effectively avoids signal distortion problems such as spectral oscillations and the Gibbs effect after filtering.

[0032] Based on the defined upper and lower boundary frequencies of the effective frequency band, a broadband filter operator with segmented differentiated amplitude characteristics can be constructed. This allows the broadband filter operator to maintain amplitude stability within the effective frequency band and achieve a smooth amplitude transition outside the effective frequency band, while ensuring continuous amplitude without abrupt changes at the frequency band boundaries. Through differentiated amplitude design, all effective seismic signals within the effective frequency band can be fully preserved while smoothly suppressing interference signals outside the frequency band. This also solves the signal distortion problems caused by abrupt amplitude changes and hard truncation at the frequency band boundaries in traditional filter operators, effectively ensuring the integrity and authenticity of seismic signals at the frequency band boundaries, thereby improving the fidelity of the filtering process.

[0033] For example, see Figure 2 This invention provides a partial frequency band amplitude curve of a conventional filtering operator as an embodiment of the invention. In this example, the conventional filtering operator can refer to... ,in, The lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band. The upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band, The folding frequency is determined based on the sampling frequency and can refer to the highest Nyquist frequency in the effective frequency range defined in seismic spectrum processing. Figure 2 In (a), the lower limit of the effective frequency band is 5Hz. Figure 2 (b) The lower limit of the effective frequency band is 3Hz. Figure 2 As can be seen, the amplitude of this traditional filtering operator exhibits significant distortion at the lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band; and the distortion is more pronounced when the lower limit frequency is small. Using this traditional filtering operator to process seismic data will result in non-smooth inflection points in the processed data spectrum, causing unnecessary additional attenuation of the effective signal, especially the low-frequency signal, ultimately directly degrading the processing effect of broadband filtering.

[0034] As an optional but not limited implementation, a broadband filtering operator is determined based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, including: Within the first frequency band, the amplitude of the broadband filter operator is a first function, which is a monotonically increasing function with respect to frequency, and the first function takes the first amplitude at the first boundary frequency. The first amplitude is the amplitude of the broadband filter operator within the effective frequency band. Within the second frequency band, the amplitude of the broadband filter operator is a second function, which is a monotonically decreasing function with respect to frequency, and the second function takes the first amplitude at the second boundary frequency. The frequencies within the first frequency band are not higher than the first boundary frequency, and the frequencies within the second frequency band are higher than the second boundary frequency.

[0035] The amplitude of the filtering operator represents the weighting of frequency components. Frequency bands closer to the effective band contain more extended effective signal components near the band boundaries; therefore, higher operator amplitudes are set to retain effective signals. As the frequency moves further away from the effective band, the noise proportion continuously increases, and the operator amplitude gradually decreases, gradually achieving out-of-band noise suppression. Therefore, differentiated function definitions are used for the amplitude of the broadband filtering operator in different frequency bands, allowing noise outside the effective band to attenuate smoothly and gradually, ensuring the continuity of the band boundary amplitude and avoiding unnecessary suppression of effective signals. Specifically, in the first frequency band below the first boundary frequency, a monotonically increasing first function is used to define the operator amplitude, so that the operator amplitude smoothly converges to the first amplitude corresponding to the effective frequency band at the first boundary frequency; within the effective frequency band, the operator amplitude is always the first amplitude, which is usually 1; in the second frequency band above the second boundary frequency, a monotonically decreasing second function is used to define the operator amplitude, so that the operator amplitude smoothly connects to the first amplitude corresponding to the effective frequency band at the second boundary frequency, thereby completing the determination of the full-band broadband filtering operator.

[0036] By setting monotonically changing functions on both sides of the effective frequency band and ensuring that the functions smoothly converge to the first amplitude corresponding to the effective frequency band at the boundary, a smooth amplitude transition can be achieved, effectively mitigating the amplitude abrupt change problem at the boundary of the filter frequency band. This ensures that the signal at the boundary of the effective frequency band is continuous, complete, and distortion-free. At the same time, it can progressively and smoothly suppress low-frequency and high-frequency interference to avoid signal jitter, spectral distortion, and waveform distortion caused by hard truncation filtering. This improves the signal fidelity of broadband filtering, thereby ensuring the integrity of the effective seismic signal and further optimizing the accuracy and effect of seismic data processing.

[0037] As an optional but not limited implementation, determining the broadband filtering operator based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency may include: Within the first frequency band, the amplitude of the wideband filter operator is based on the first amplitude minus the first attenuation adjustment amount; Within the second frequency band, the amplitude of the wideband filter operator is based on the first amplitude minus the second attenuation adjustment amount; The first attenuation adjustment decreases as the frequency increases, while the second attenuation adjustment increases as the frequency increases. The first attenuation adjustment is 0 at the first boundary frequency, and the second attenuation adjustment is 0 at the second boundary frequency.

[0038] Using a constant first amplitude within the effective frequency band as a benchmark, differential attenuation adjustment is applied to the operator amplitudes of different frequency bands to ensure convergence to the first amplitude at the boundaries of the effective frequency band. Specifically, amplitude control is achieved by superimposing a first attenuation adjustment amount that decreases with increasing frequency within the first frequency band, and this first attenuation adjustment amount returns to zero at the first boundary frequency; amplitude control is achieved by superimposing a second attenuation adjustment amount that increases with increasing frequency within the second frequency band, and this second attenuation adjustment amount returns to zero at the second boundary frequency.

[0039] By using a constant first amplitude within the effective frequency band as a reference and employing a zero-reset attenuation adjustment design, the amplitude of the filter operator can be guaranteed to remain unchanged and without abrupt changes at the boundary of the effective frequency band, achieving seamless continuity between the passband and stopband. Based on the regular and gradual change of the attenuation adjustment with frequency, the operator amplitude can achieve a smooth and gradual change. At the same time, the attenuation amplitude can be adaptively adjusted according to frequency changes, flexibly adapting to the distribution characteristics of high and low frequency interference in seismic data. While fully preserving the real seismic signal within the effective frequency band, it smoothly suppresses invalid interference signals, significantly improving the fidelity and adaptive capability of broadband filtering processing.

[0040] Optionally, the first attenuation adjustment is obtained by multiplying the first correction term and the first exponential attenuation term, where the first correction term is the difference between the normalized first boundary frequency and the current frequency; the first exponential attenuation term is an exponential expression that decreases as the current frequency increases; the second attenuation adjustment is obtained by multiplying the second correction term and the second exponential attenuation term, where the second correction term is the difference between the normalized current frequency and the second boundary frequency; the second exponential attenuation term is an exponential expression that increases as the difference between the folding frequency and the current frequency decreases.

[0041] The first correction term is a deviation correction parameter obtained by normalizing the difference between the first boundary frequency and the current frequency. The value of the first correction term within the first frequency band is [0, 1), used to ensure that the value of the first attenuation adjustment is 0, thus maintaining the continuous amplitude of the broadband filter operator at the effective frequency band boundary. The first exponential attenuation term is a dynamic attenuation parameter that decreases exponentially with increasing current frequency within the first frequency band, ensuring that the first attenuation adjustment decreases with increasing frequency. The second correction term is a deviation correction parameter obtained by normalizing the difference between the current frequency and the second boundary frequency. Within the second frequency band, when the frequency approaches the second boundary frequency, the value of the second correction term approaches 0, and if the frequency is the second boundary frequency, the value of the second correction term is 0, ensuring that the value of the second attenuation adjustment approaches 1, and that the amplitude of the broadband filter operator remains continuous at the effective frequency band boundary. The second exponential attenuation term is a dynamic attenuation parameter that increases exponentially with decreasing difference between the folding frequency and the current frequency within the second frequency band, ensuring that the second attenuation adjustment increases with increasing frequency.

[0042] For example, the broadband filter operator determined based on a first attenuation adjustment obtained by multiplying a first correction term and a first exponential attenuation term, and a second attenuation adjustment obtained by multiplying a second correction term and a second exponential attenuation term, can be expressed as follows: ,in, The lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band. The upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band, For folding frequency, As the first correction term, This is the first exponentially decaying term. This is the second amendment. This is the second exponential attenuation term. This wideband filter operator operates within the effective frequency band. The internal amplitude is constant at 1; in the first frequency band Within the first frequency band, the amplitude increases monotonically and changes smoothly, and the amplitude approaches 0 when the frequency approaches 0, ensuring stable attenuation of noise interference in the low-frequency band. When the frequency equals the first boundary frequency, the amplitude is 1, the same as the amplitude within the effective frequency band, ensuring the continuity of the amplitude at the boundary; in the second frequency band... Within the range, the amplitude decreases monotonically and changes smoothly. When the frequency equals the folding frequency, the amplitude is 0, which can ensure the smooth attenuation of noise interference in the high-frequency band. When the frequency approaches the second boundary frequency, the amplitude approaches 1, which is the same as the amplitude in the effective frequency band, and can ensure the continuity of the amplitude at the boundary.

[0043] By coupling the correction term and the exponential attenuation term, it is possible to accurately match the signal interference intensity at different frequency positions, achieve differentiated, refined, and stable attenuation of high and low frequency interference, and strictly ensure that the attenuation at the frequency band boundary is zero, so as to ensure the continuity and integrity of the effective frequency band boundary amplitude. It can effectively avoid problems such as excessive attenuation, insufficient attenuation, or discontinuity at the effective frequency band boundary, improve the frequency band transition smoothness and working condition adaptability of the broadband filter operator, alleviate signal distortion and spectral distortion during the filtering process, and thus improve the signal fidelity and data processing accuracy of seismic broadband processing.

[0044] For example, see Figure 3 This invention provides a partial frequency band amplitude curve of a broadband filtering operator, wherein the broadband filtering operator is obtained by the broadband filtering operator determination method provided in this invention. In this example, the broadband filtering operator can refer to... ,in, The lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band. The upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band, The folding frequency. Figure 3 In (a), the lower limit of the effective frequency band is 5Hz. Figure 3 (b) The lower limit of the effective frequency band is 3Hz. Figure 3 It can be seen that, compared to Figure 2 Compared to traditional filtering operators, this broadband filtering operator exhibits a smoother amplitude transition at the lower limit of the effective frequency band, without significant distortion. Using this broadband filtering operator to process seismic data effectively preserves low-frequency effective signals, significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio in mid-to-deep layers, and enhances the quality of seismic data processing results.

[0045] S140. Based on the broadband filtering operator, perform broadband filtering processing on the seismic shot gather data.

[0046] Broadband filtering refers to the data optimization process of denoising and preserving the fidelity of seismic shot gather data across the entire frequency band, relying on a suitable broadband filtering operator. Based on a continuously smooth broadband filtering operator across the entire frequency band, full-domain broadband filtering can be performed on seismic shot gather data to achieve refined data optimization by preserving effective signals and suppressing interference signals. Furthermore, it can solve the boundary signal distortion problem existing in traditional seismic broadband filtering while achieving broadband optimization of seismic data, thereby optimizing the overall quality of seismic data. This can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic exploration data, providing high-precision and high-fidelity basic data for subsequent seismic data interpretation and geological structure analysis.

[0047] The technical solution of this invention acquires seismic shot gather data and delineates the effective frequency band based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data, determining the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. This accurately identifies the frequency range where the effective seismic signal is located, distinguishing between the effective signal frequency band and the interference frequency band, ensuring that subsequent broadband filtering can be performed on different frequency bands. A broadband filtering operator is constructed based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, and broadband filtering processing is performed on the seismic shot gather data based on this broadband filtering operator. The amplitude of this broadband filtering operator is constant within the effective frequency band and smoothly changes gradually outside the effective frequency band. The continuous amplitude at the effective frequency band boundary avoids signal distortion caused by abrupt truncation at the filter band boundary. It can ensure that seismic signals within the effective frequency band are not lost while effectively attenuating noise signals outside the effective frequency band, thus improving the effective seismic signal information. Based on the above technical solution, it can solve the problem of signal distortion at the effective frequency band boundary during broadband filtering of seismic data. It can achieve complete preservation of effective seismic signals and stable suppression of high and low frequency noise interference outside the effective frequency band, thereby improving the quality of broadband filtering of seismic data and improving the signal-to-noise ratio and fidelity of the final seismic data.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a seismic data processing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, an earthquake data processing apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention may include: Data acquisition module 210 is used to acquire seismic shot gather data; The boundary determination module 220 is used to determine a first boundary frequency and a second boundary frequency based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data; the first boundary frequency is the lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band, and the second boundary frequency is the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band; the effective frequency band is a continuous frequency range in the seismic shot gather data that contains spectral energy peaks, and the accumulated spectral energy in the effective frequency band reaches a preset energy ratio of the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather data; The operator determination module 230 is used to determine a broadband filtering operator based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. The broadband filtering operator has a constant amplitude within the effective frequency band, and the amplitude of the broadband filtering operator changes smoothly and gradually in the frequency band outside the effective frequency band. The amplitude of the broadband filtering operator is continuous at the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. The broadband processing module 240 is used to perform broadband filtering processing on the seismic shot gather data based on the broadband filtering operator.

[0049] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, determining the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency according to the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data includes: Determine the average power spectrum of the seismic shot gather data; Based on the extreme value distribution of the average power spectrum, the desired deconvolution frequency is determined; The effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data is determined based on the deconvolution desired frequency and the preset energy ratio. The lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band is determined as the first boundary frequency, and the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band is determined as the second boundary frequency.

[0050] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the desired deconvolution frequency is determined based on the extreme value distribution of the average power spectrum, including: Determine the extreme points in the average power spectrum; Obtain the secondary extreme points on both sides of the extreme point, where the two sides refer to the side with a frequency lower than the frequency of the extreme point and the side with a frequency higher than the frequency of the extreme point; Calculate the average frequency of the secondary extreme points on both sides of the extreme point, and determine the average frequency as the desired frequency of the deconvolution.

[0051] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data is determined based on the deconvolution desired frequency and the preset energy ratio, including: Using the deconvolution expected frequency as the center of the first interval, the range of the first interval is expanded to the side with a frequency less than the deconvolution expected frequency and the side with a frequency greater than the deconvolution expected frequency, respectively, and a first ratio is calculated. The first ratio is the proportion of the total cumulative spectral energy in the first interval to the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather. The first interval is a continuous frequency interval. If the first ratio does not reach the preset energy ratio, the range of the first interval is further expanded to the side with a frequency lower than the desired deconvolution frequency and the side with a frequency higher than the desired deconvolution frequency, and the first ratio is recalculated. If the first ratio reaches the preset energy ratio, the first interval is determined as the effective frequency band.

[0052] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, a broadband filtering operator is determined according to the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, including: Within the first frequency band, the amplitude of the broadband filter operator is a first function, which is a monotonically increasing function with respect to frequency, and the first function takes the value of a first amplitude at the first boundary frequency. The first amplitude is the amplitude of the broadband filter operator within the effective frequency band. Within the second frequency band, the amplitude of the broadband filter operator is a second function, which is a monotonically decreasing function with respect to frequency, and the second function takes the first amplitude at the second boundary frequency. Wherein, the frequency within the first frequency band is not higher than the first boundary frequency, and the frequency within the second frequency band is higher than the second boundary frequency.

[0053] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, a broadband filtering operator is determined according to the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, including: Within the first frequency band, the amplitude of the wideband filter operator is based on the first amplitude minus the first attenuation adjustment amount; Within the second frequency band, the amplitude of the wideband filter operator is based on the first amplitude minus the second attenuation adjustment amount; Wherein, the first attenuation adjustment amount decreases as the frequency increases, the second attenuation adjustment amount increases as the frequency increases, and the first attenuation adjustment amount is 0 at the first boundary frequency, and the second attenuation adjustment amount is 0 at the second boundary frequency.

[0054] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the first attenuation adjustment amount is obtained by multiplying a first correction term and a first exponential attenuation term, wherein the first correction term is the difference between the normalized first boundary frequency and the current frequency; the first exponential attenuation term is an exponential expression that decreases as the current frequency increases; the second attenuation adjustment amount is obtained by multiplying a second correction term and a second exponential attenuation term, wherein the second correction term is the difference between the normalized current frequency and the second boundary frequency; and the second exponential attenuation term is an exponential expression that increases as the difference between the folding frequency and the current frequency decreases.

[0055] The technical solution of this invention acquires seismic shot gather data and delineates the effective frequency band based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data, determining the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. This accurately identifies the frequency range where the effective seismic signal is located, distinguishing between the effective signal frequency band and the interference frequency band, ensuring that subsequent broadband filtering can be performed on different frequency bands. A broadband filtering operator is constructed based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency, and broadband filtering processing is performed on the seismic shot gather data based on this broadband filtering operator. The amplitude of this broadband filtering operator is constant within the effective frequency band and smoothly changes gradually outside the effective frequency band. The continuous amplitude at the effective frequency band boundary avoids signal distortion caused by abrupt truncation at the filter band boundary. It can ensure that seismic signals within the effective frequency band are not lost while effectively attenuating noise signals outside the effective frequency band, thus improving the effective seismic signal information. Based on the above technical solution, it can solve the problem of signal distortion at the effective frequency band boundary during broadband filtering of seismic data. It can achieve complete preservation of effective seismic signals and stable suppression of high and low frequency noise interference outside the effective frequency band, thereby improving the quality of broadband filtering of seismic data and improving the signal-to-noise ratio and fidelity of the final seismic data.

[0056] The seismic data processing apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention can execute the seismic data processing method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of executing the method.

[0057] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in this application comply with relevant national laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0058] According to embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0059] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an electronic device 10, which can be used to implement embodiments of the present invention, is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0061] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0062] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods described above, such as seismic data processing methods.

[0063] In some embodiments, the seismic data processing method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the seismic data processing method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 may be configured to perform the seismic data processing method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0064] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific reference products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0065] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0066] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0067] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0068] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include back-end components (e.g., as data servers), or computing systems that include switching components (e.g., application servers), or computing systems that include front-end components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such back-end, switching, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0069] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0070] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication unit 19, or installed from storage unit 18, or installed from ROM 12. When the computer program is executed by processor 11, it performs the functions defined in the methods of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0071] This invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic data processing method provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0072] In implementing the computer program product, computer program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. Programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0073] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A seismic data processing method, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire seismic shot gather data; Based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data, a first boundary frequency and a second boundary frequency are determined; the first boundary frequency is the lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band, and the second boundary frequency is the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band; the effective frequency band is a continuous frequency range in the seismic shot gather data that contains spectral energy peaks, and the accumulated spectral energy within the effective frequency band reaches a preset energy ratio of the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather data. A broadband filter operator is determined based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. The broadband filter operator has a constant amplitude within the effective frequency band and a smooth and gradual amplitude change in the frequency band outside the effective frequency band. The amplitude of the broadband filter operator is continuous at the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. Based on the broadband filtering operator, the seismic shot gather data is subjected to broadband filtering processing.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data, the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency are determined, including: Determine the average power spectrum of the seismic shot gather data; Based on the extreme value distribution of the average power spectrum, the desired deconvolution frequency is determined; The effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data is determined based on the deconvolution desired frequency and the preset energy ratio. The lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band is determined as the first boundary frequency, and the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band is determined as the second boundary frequency.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the extreme value distribution of the average power spectrum, the desired deconvolution frequency is determined, including: Determine the extreme points in the average power spectrum; Obtain the secondary extreme points on both sides of the extreme point, where the two sides refer to the side with a frequency lower than the frequency of the extreme point and the side with a frequency higher than the frequency of the extreme point; Calculate the average frequency of the secondary extreme points on both sides of the extreme point, and determine the average frequency as the desired frequency of the deconvolution.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the deconvolution desired frequency and the preset energy ratio, the effective frequency band of the seismic shot gather data is determined, including: Using the deconvolution expected frequency as the center of the first interval, the range of the first interval is expanded to the side with a frequency less than the deconvolution expected frequency and the side with a frequency greater than the deconvolution expected frequency, respectively, and a first ratio is calculated. The first ratio is the proportion of the total cumulative spectral energy in the first interval to the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather. The first interval is a continuous frequency interval. If the first ratio does not reach the preset energy ratio, the range of the first interval is further expanded to the side with a frequency lower than the desired deconvolution frequency and the side with a frequency higher than the desired deconvolution frequency, and the first ratio is recalculated. If the first ratio reaches the preset energy ratio, the first interval is determined as the effective frequency band.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining a broadband filter operator based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency includes: Within the first frequency band, the amplitude of the broadband filter operator is a first function, which is a monotonically increasing function with respect to frequency, and the first function takes the value of a first amplitude at the first boundary frequency. The first amplitude is the amplitude of the broadband filter operator within the effective frequency band. Within the second frequency band, the amplitude of the broadband filter operator is a second function, which is a monotonically decreasing function with respect to frequency, and the second function takes the first amplitude at the second boundary frequency. Wherein, the frequency within the first frequency band is not higher than the first boundary frequency, and the frequency within the second frequency band is higher than the second boundary frequency.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining a broadband filter operator based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency includes: Within the first frequency band, the amplitude of the wideband filter operator is based on the first amplitude minus the first attenuation adjustment amount; Within the second frequency band, the amplitude of the wideband filter operator is based on the first amplitude minus the second attenuation adjustment amount; Wherein, the first attenuation adjustment amount decreases as the frequency increases, the second attenuation adjustment amount increases as the frequency increases, and the first attenuation adjustment amount is 0 at the first boundary frequency, and the second attenuation adjustment amount is 0 at the second boundary frequency.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first attenuation adjustment is obtained by multiplying the first correction term and the first exponential attenuation term. The first correction term is the difference between the normalized first boundary frequency and the current frequency. The first exponential attenuation term is an exponential expression that decreases as the current frequency increases. The second attenuation adjustment is obtained by multiplying the second correction term and the second exponential attenuation term. The second correction term is the difference between the normalized current frequency and the second boundary frequency. The second exponential attenuation term is an exponential expression that increases as the difference between the folding frequency and the current frequency decreases.

8. A seismic data processing device, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire seismic shot gather data; A boundary determination module is used to determine a first boundary frequency and a second boundary frequency based on the spectral energy distribution of the seismic shot gather data; the first boundary frequency is the lower limit frequency of the effective frequency band, and the second boundary frequency is the upper limit frequency of the effective frequency band; the effective frequency band is a continuous frequency range in the seismic shot gather data that contains spectral energy peaks, and the accumulated spectral energy within the effective frequency band reaches a preset energy ratio of the total spectral energy of the seismic shot gather data; The operator determination module is used to determine a broadband filtering operator based on the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. The broadband filtering operator has a constant amplitude within the effective frequency band, and the amplitude of the broadband filtering operator changes smoothly and gradually in the frequency band outside the effective frequency band. The amplitude of the broadband filtering operator is continuous at the first boundary frequency and the second boundary frequency. A broadband processing module is used to perform broadband filtering processing on the seismic shot gather data based on the broadband filtering operator.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that cause a processor to execute the seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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