180-degree full-angle view flat-panel light field 3D display and method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611232267.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-13
AI Technical Summary
[0008]针对现有技术中的上述不足，本发明提供的180度全角度可视平板光场3D显示器及方法解决了现有单焦面方案只能在畸变矫正和弥散斑控制之间选择一种进行优化，无法同时满足大视角清晰显示的需求的问题
1、本发明采用双焦面设计，配合特殊设计的复合透镜阵列，突破了常规单焦面方案中畸变矫正与弥散斑控制之间的技术权衡限制，能够同时实现大角度视场下畸变矫正和弥散斑控制，解决不同视点映射的光束混叠问题。
Smart Images
Figure CN122902102A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, specifically to a 180-degree omnidirectional viewable flat panel light field 3D display and method. Background Technology
[0002] Existing light field display technologies primarily use light-controlling devices (such as microlens arrays and gratings) to regulate the direction of light propagation, thereby achieving multi-view 3D display effects. However, these traditional solutions suffer from the following technical bottlenecks in large-angle viewing angles: Aberration control challenges: At large viewing angles, aberrations in conventional light-controlling devices can lead to a significant increase in the spot size, causing blurred and distorted images, severely impacting the viewing experience. Traditional microlens arrays exhibit severe spherical and coma aberrations at large angles, resulting in a dramatic increase in the size of the spot size at the edge of the field of view, typically reaching tens or even hundreds of micrometers, far exceeding the resolution limit of the human eye and causing severe image blurring.
[0003] Field of view limitation: Current technology struggles to achieve true 180-degree omnidirectional viewing, typically limiting the field of view to within 120°, failing to meet the need for all-around viewing. Most light field display systems concentrate their field of view in the central area, with brightness and clarity at the edges dropping sharply, making true omnidirectional display impossible.
[0004] Technical Trade-offs: In conventional single-focal-plane solutions, there is a fundamental technical trade-off between distortion correction and blur control. Due to limited freedom in surface shape, designers can only optimize one of these two approaches, making it impossible to simultaneously meet the demand for clear display at wide viewing angles. This technical limitation means that traditional solutions cannot achieve both sharpness and distortion control across large angles of view.
[0005] Beam distortion problem: Beams mapped from different viewpoints will produce angular distortion, affecting the 3D display effect, especially at large viewing angles. In traditional solutions, the refraction angle of beams at large viewing angles tends to be similar during propagation, resulting in beam angular distortion. At large angles, the diffusion spots mapped from points with equal object distances will be similar, and this angular distortion will lead to aliasing.
[0006] Structural complexity: Single-layer grating structures struggle to achieve complex optical functions, limiting performance improvements in light field display systems. Single-layer structures cannot simultaneously meet the demands of aberration control and distortion correction across large-angle fields of view, thus restricting further development of light field display technology.
[0007] In summary, in conventional single-focal-plane solutions, due to the limited freedom of surface shape, designers can only choose one to optimize between distortion correction and blur control, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirement of clear display from a wide viewing angle. Summary of the Invention
[0008] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the 180-degree full-angle visible flat panel light field 3D display and method provided by the present invention solves the problem that the existing single focal plane solution can only choose one between distortion correction and speckle control for optimization, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirement of clear display with a wide viewing angle.
[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat-panel light field 3D display is provided, comprising a first information source, a second information source, an information encoding module, and a composite lens array; the composite lens array includes an inner grating, an aperture, and an outer grating sequentially arranged in the optical path; wherein: The first information source is closer to the inner grating than the second information source. The field of view of the light information carried by the first information source is greater than that of the light information carried by the second information source, so as to achieve a dual focal plane distribution of the information source. The information encoding module uses the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion to determine the information source carrying the target light information and makes the corresponding position of another information source transparent, thereby enabling the first and second information sources to achieve physical isolation and field diversity on their respective planes to avoid beam aliasing and angular distortion; wherein the diffuse spot is formed on the information source by the reverse-tracking light. The inner grating has a smaller radius of curvature than the outer grating, so that the compound lens array forms a pinecone-shaped appearance, which, combined with the information source distributed in a dual-focal plane, forms a dual-focal plane display; both the outer and inner gratings adopt high-order aspherical surface shapes to increase the degree of freedom of surface shape and thus achieve beam shaping. An aperture stop is used to control the propagation path of light and prevent beams from crossing and interfering with each other.
[0010] A display method based on a 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display is provided, which includes the following steps: Adjust the spacing between the aperture stop and the inner and outer gratings respectively; Determine the locations of the first and second information sources; Determine the higher-order aspherical coefficients of the inner and outer gratings respectively; determine the lens pitch and light control information period of the inner and outer gratings; Using the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion, the information source carrying the target light information is determined, and the corresponding position of another information source is made transparent, thereby enabling the first and second information sources to achieve physical isolation and field diversity on their respective planes, so as to avoid beam aliasing and angular distortion; wherein the diffuse spot is formed on the information source by the reverse-tracking light. Based on the relationship between the target light information and the information source, the target light information is loaded to complete the display.
[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention adopts a dual-focal-plane design, combined with a specially designed composite lens array, which breaks through the technical trade-off between distortion correction and speckle control in conventional single-focal-plane solutions. It can simultaneously achieve distortion correction and speckle control under large-angle field of view, and solve the problem of beam aliasing at different viewpoints.
[0012] 2. This invention achieves effective aberration compensation through a double-layer grating composite structure design, controlling the blur spot in a large-angle field of view to within 10 micrometers.
[0013] 3. This invention, through its innovative pinecone-shaped structure and dual-focal surface design, increases the field of view from the traditional 120° to 180° (actually about 176°), achieving omnidirectional 3D display.
[0014] 4. This invention achieves complex optical functions through a double-layer grating composite structure design, improving the performance of 3D displays while maintaining the manufacturability and cost controllability of the structure. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this display.
[0016] Among them: 1. Second information source; 2. First information source; 3. Inner grating; 4. Aperture; 5. Outer grating. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.
[0018] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the 180-degree omnidirectional viewable flat panel light field 3D display includes a first information source 2, a second information source 1, an information encoding module, and a composite lens array; the composite lens array includes an inner grating 3, an aperture 4, and an outer grating 5 sequentially arranged in the optical path; wherein: The first information source 2 is closer to the inner grating 3 than the second information source 1. The field of view of the light information carried by the first information source 2 is greater than that of the light information carried by the second information source 1, so as to realize the dual focal plane distribution of the information source. The information encoding module uses the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion to determine the information source carrying the target light information and makes the corresponding position of another information source transparent, thereby enabling the first information source 2 and the second information source 1 to achieve physical isolation and field diversity on their respective planes, so as to avoid beam aliasing and angular distortion; wherein the diffuse spot is formed on the information source by the reverse-tracking light. The radius of curvature of the inner grating 3 is smaller than that of the outer grating 5, so that the compound lens array forms a pinecone-shaped appearance, and the information source with dual focal plane distribution forms a dual focal plane display; both the outer grating 5 and the inner grating 3 adopt high-order aspherical surface shape to increase the degree of freedom of surface shape and thus realize beam shaping. Aperture 4 is used to control the propagation path of light and prevent beams from crossing and interfering with each other.
[0019] It should be noted that the "180 degrees" or "180°" mentioned in this invention is actually about 176 degrees.
[0020] In one feasible implementation, the information source can be made of materials such as screens or films, and the resulting layered structure is referred to as the information source layer. Figure 1 The two rightmost vertical lines represent the membrane fixing the second information source 1, and the other two vertical lines represent the membrane fixing the first information source 2. The distance between the vertical lines in the same information source layer is the thickness of that information source layer. An adhesive layer is placed between the two information source layers for fixation. The multi-angle optical information carried on the information source adopts an angle mapping encoding method, and the simulation design is carried out using the reversibility of the optical path. The distance between the two focal planes can be optimized and determined through simulation, and is usually within the range of 0.5-5 mm.
[0021] Aperture 4 can be constructed using processes such as film, printing, laser exposure, or photolithography.
[0022] The outer grating 5 has a larger radius of curvature, while the inner grating 3 has a smaller radius of curvature. Together, they optimize the light propagation path. The outer grating 5 is primarily responsible for the initial guidance and distortion pre-correction of large-angle light rays, while the inner grating 3 focuses on finely controlling the size of the blur spot to ensure image sharpness. This hierarchical optical modulation mechanism effectively decouples the control variables of distortion and aberration, enabling the system to significantly improve edge image quality while maintaining a large field of view.
[0023] The grating pitch can be set to 100-2000 micrometers, and the aperture 4 pitch can be set to an integer multiple of 2, 3, or 4 times that of the grating. The information mapping distribution period of the information source is matched with the aperture period. The size of the light-transmitting area of aperture 4 is related to the brightness of the beam tracked in reverse by the current light control unit and the scene complexity corresponding to the current light control unit. That is, the greater the scene complexity, the higher the light control precision requirement, and the smaller the aperture. At the same time, the size of the light-transmitting area of aperture 4 is inversely proportional to the beam brightness. The higher the brightness, the smaller the aperture opening, in order to suppress overexposure and improve contrast. This dynamic adjustment mechanism enables the system to adaptively optimize the aperture parameters according to the actual display content, effectively improving the dynamic range and scene adaptability of the display system while ensuring image quality, thus maintaining excellent imaging performance under complex lighting conditions.
[0024] An air gap is maintained between the compound lens array and the information source plane, without filling it with any medium. The purpose is to utilize the low refractive index of air (n≈1.0) to amplify the deflection angle of large-angle light beams. Compared to traditional optical bonding materials (n≈1.5), this effectively reduces the problem of deflection angle compression in large-angle light paths caused by light refraction in the medium, ensuring angular distortion correction of large-angle beams and optimizing the position of the blur spot. Thus, while ensuring imaging over a large field of view, consistent sharpness is maintained between the edges and the center area.
[0025] In one feasible embodiment, both the inner grating 3 and the outer grating 5 employ cylindrical lens arrays, and the light control information period of the cylindrical lenses is equal to the lens pitch. This is repeated several times to form a stable optical viewpoint cycle. The value is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The radius of curvature of the outer cylindrical lens array can be set in the range of 150-2000 micrometers, and the radius of curvature of the inner cylindrical lens array can be set in the range of 80-1000 millimeters. The pitch of the cylindrical lenses can be set in the range of 100-2000 micrometers. A strip-shaped aperture array of metal or light-absorbing material is fabricated using photolithography to block stray light and prevent crosstalk between beams from different angles in the horizontal direction in the double-layer structure.
[0026] In this embodiment, the specific method for determining the information source carrying the target optical information using the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion can be carried out using the following steps: A1. In optical simulation software, a reverse test ray is emitted from a preset observer horizontal field of view (e.g., covering a 176° horizontal field of view) toward the dual-focal information source plane; A2. Obtain the linear diffusion spot formed on the first or second information source after the reverse test light passes through the composite lens array, extract the centroid position of the diffusion spot distribution corresponding to different horizontal viewing angles, and map the corresponding viewing angle information of the target 3D image to the pixel at the centroid position to realize continuous mapping encoding of the horizontal angle; wherein the target light information comes from the target 3D image. A3. For regions where the size of the diffuse spot is smaller than the size of the information source pixel, the image information is normally allocated and encoded; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is larger than the size of the information source pixel but less than twice the size of the information source pixel, the luminous intensity or aperture weight of the region is reduced to suppress crosstalk between adjacent viewpoints; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is greater than twice the size of the information source pixel, it is set to be transparent.
[0027] During this process, thanks to the coordination of the dual focal planes and the air gap, the wide-angle blur spot is controlled to within 10 micrometers.
[0028] In one feasible implementation, both the inner grating 3 and the outer grating 5 employ a dot lens array. The dot lens pitch can be set to 100-2000 micrometers, with a duty cycle of approximately 90%. The light control information period of the dot lens is twice the lens pitch, facilitating stable modification and cycling on single-layer dot lenses with varying process precision. The aperture 4 can be constructed using film, printing, or photolithography processes to create a dot-shaped light-shielding array, precisely limiting the aperture of each lens unit and preventing cross-interference of oblique beams in two-dimensional space.
[0029] In this embodiment, the specific method for determining the information source carrying the target optical information using the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion can be described by the following steps: B1. Set an all-around target field of view (approximately 176°), and emit multi-angle reverse light beams (i.e. reverse-tracking light beams) from the observer's eye point in all directions, passing through the pinecone-shaped structure and air gaps, and projecting them onto the dual-focal surface information source; B2. Analyze the center coordinates of the two-dimensional dot-shaped diffuse spots formed by the reverse light rays on the first information source 2 or the second information source 1, and accurately map the omnidirectional 3D light field perspective information to the corresponding information source pixels based on the coordinate distribution. B3. For regions where the size of the diffuse spot is smaller than the size of the information source pixel, the image information is allocated and encoded normally; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is larger than the size of the information source pixel but less than twice the size of the information source pixel, the luminous intensity or aperture weight of the region is reduced to suppress crosstalk between adjacent viewpoints; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is greater than twice the size of the information source pixel, it is set to be transparent.
[0030] This process enables the system to maintain a clear, vignetting-free 3D display effect even when approaching a 180-degree full viewing angle.
[0031] In the specific implementation process, in order to increase the degree of freedom of the surface shape and thus achieve beam shaping, the sag equation of the higher-order aspherical surface shape used by the inner grating 3 and the outer grating 5 is as follows:
[0032] in Indicates the first The surface data of the grating, when When corresponding to the outer grating, when The time corresponds to the inner grating; For the first The radius of curvature of the grating. ; For the first The quadratic surface constant of the grating; For the first The higher-order aspherical coefficients of the grating; This is half the pitch of the grating; The even-order number of the aspherical parameters; This is the upper limit for optimization of even-order aspherical surfaces.
[0033] To achieve decoupling between the initial large-angle deflection of the outer layer and the fine-tuning of the inner layer, the curvature radii of the inner and outer layers must strictly satisfy a constraint of more than twice the limit. .
[0034] The design of this aspherical high-order term allows the light beam to not only be refracted when passing through the inner and outer gratings, but also to perform targeted surface shaping for aberrations at large-angle edge fields of view.
[0035] To facilitate smooth refraction of the light path and prevent beam distortion within the double-layer structure, the intermediate aperture surface must be approximately equidistant from both the highest point (apex) of the outer lens and the highest point (apex) of the inner lens. This ensures a uniform and symmetrical propagation space for the light beam refracted from the outer grating 5 into the aperture 4, and then from the aperture 4 into the inner grating 3. The spacing constraints between the aperture 4 and both the inner and outer gratings are as follows:
[0036] in The axial positions of the four surfaces of the aperture; The axial coordinates of the vertex of the outer grating 5; The axial coordinates of the vertices of the inner grating 3; The minimum allowable machining tolerance threshold is typically less than or equal to 0.05 mm.
[0037] This equidistant constraint means that the aperture 4 is approximately located at the geometric midpoint of the line connecting the vertices of the inner and outer lenses. This ensures that after the light beam is shaped by the outer aspherical surface, it propagates through the air gap to the aperture 4 for filtering in the smoothest path. Then, it enters the inner aspherical surface again with a similar path length for fine refraction, minimizing the structural distortion during light path refraction.
[0038] It should be noted that, based on the reversibility of the optical path, the reverse design is used to confirm pixel encoding and optical path control. A good reverse design can guarantee the effect of the forward design.
[0039] It is particularly important to note that a key condition for the implementation of this invention lies in optimizing the aspherical surface parameters of the composite grating, thereby achieving large-angle distortion correction and dual-focal-plane field diversity. In this embodiment, the... The objective function for optimizing the higher-order aspherical coefficients of the grating is:
[0040] in This indicates the search for the optimal high-order aspherical coefficient vector. ; For the target field of view; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is The actual mapped coordinates of the time on the information source; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The distortion-free ideal coordinates of time on the information source; For penalty weighting; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is Size of the diffuse spot at that time; No. The mapping constraint condition for the higher-order aspherical coefficients of the grating is:
[0041] in This represents the threshold for the size of the diffuse spot. Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is Size of the diffuse spot on the first information source 2; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is The actual mapped coordinates on the first information source 2 at that time; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is Size of the diffuse spot on the second information source 1; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is The actual mapped coordinates on the second information source 1.
[0042] The objective function described above aims to make the actual mapped coordinates infinitely close to the distortion-free ideal coordinates, while minimizing the speckle size. This unifies "distortion correction" and "spectrum control" into the optimization of surface parameters.
[0043] The piecewise function in the above mapping constraints describes the dynamic assignment of the dual focal planes, where... and Calculated from segmented refraction angles. When the diffuse spot of a large-angle beam on the far focal plane (second information source 1) exceeds the threshold, but the diffuse spot on the near focal plane (first information source 2) is within acceptable limits, the system automatically encodes the angle information to the first information source 2; conversely, if the small-angle beam is still within the threshold, it is encoded to the second information source 1.
[0044] The optimization objective function and mapping constraints mathematically prove that the present invention does not simply split the focal plane, but controls aberrations through aspherical surface shaping, and guides light rays to achieve seamless interlacing on the dual focal planes, ultimately achieving a high-definition display with 180-degree full-view, aliasing-free display.
[0045] Example 2: This embodiment is a further extension based on Embodiment 1. This embodiment proposes a display method based on a 180-degree omnidirectional viewable flat panel light field 3D display, which includes the following steps: S1. Adjust the spacing between the aperture 4 and the inner grating 3 and the outer grating 5 respectively; S2. Determine the positions of the first information source 2 and the second information source 1; S3. Determine the higher-order aspherical coefficients of the inner grating 3 and the outer grating 5 respectively; determine the lens pitch and light control information period of the inner grating 3 and the outer grating 5; S4. Using the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion, determine the information source carrying the target light information, and make the corresponding position of another information source transparent, thereby enabling the first information source 2 and the second information source 1 to achieve physical isolation and field diversity on their respective planes, so as to avoid beam aliasing and angular distortion; wherein the diffuse spot is formed on the information source by the reverse-tracking light. S5. Based on the relationship between the target light information and the information source, load the target light information and complete the display.
[0046] In this embodiment, the specific method for determining the information source carrying the target optical information using the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion includes the following sub-steps: S4-1. Perform blur spot position mapping: A reverse test ray is emitted from the preset observer's horizontal field of view to the dual-focal surface information source plane. The blur spot formed on the first information source 2 or the second information source 1 after the reverse test ray passes through the compound lens array is obtained. The centroid position of the blur spot distribution corresponding to different horizontal viewing angles is extracted. The corresponding viewing angle information of the target 3D image is mapped to the pixel at the centroid position to realize continuous mapping encoding of the horizontal angle. The target light information comes from the target 3D image. S4-2. For regions where the size of the diffuse spot is smaller than the size of the information source pixel, the image information is normally allocated and encoded; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is larger than the size of the information source pixel but less than twice the size of the information source pixel, the luminous intensity or aperture weight of the region is reduced to suppress crosstalk between adjacent viewpoints; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is greater than twice the size of the information source pixel, it is set to be transparent.
[0047] It should be noted that, due to the presence of the composite grating and air gap, the refraction / deflection angle of the light beam from the lens to the first information source 2 is different from the refraction / deflection angle as it continues to propagate from the first information source 2 to the second information source 1. Let the distance from the first information source 2 to the optical center be... The second information source 1 is located at the optical center. For the target field of view Its reverse tracing of the physical coordinates on the first information source 2 and the second information source 1 satisfies the following piecewise refraction relationship:
[0048]
[0049] in Let be the deflection angle function of the light beam from the compound lens array to the first information source 2; Let be the deflection angle function of the light beam from the first information source 2 to the second information source 1; It is the tangent function; For the target field of view The physical coordinates corresponding to the second information source 1; For the target field of view The physical coordinates corresponding to the first information source 2.
[0050] This piecewise nonlinear refraction utilizes the low refractive index of air to effectively expand the deflection space of large-angle beams, thus controlling distortion at a physical level. When determining the assignment of angle information, this invention uses the size of the blur spot as the criterion. The critical size threshold for preventing aliasing is set as follows. The small-angle beam has a small divergence angle, and the dispersion spot remains small even on the more distant second information source 1, satisfying the requirement. At this point, the small-angle information belongs to the second information source 1. Conversely, if a large-angle beam is transmitted to the second information source 1, it will cause the dispersion spot to increase sharply. However, its blur spot on the first information source 2 near the lens is effectively controlled, satisfying the requirements. At this point, the large-angle information belongs to the first information source 2.
[0051] Based on the above criteria, the pixel mappings of the two information sources exhibit an interleaved distribution: small-angle information is encoded into the second information source 1. And make the corresponding position of the first information source 2 transparent; large-angle information is encoded into the first information source 2. And ensure that the corresponding position of the second information source 1 is transparent. To ensure that the reverse-tracked pixels do not overlap and do not overlap, any adjacent discrete angles and Mapped coordinates on the same information source must satisfy spatial separation constraints:
[0052] in Representing discrete angles In the information source Mapped coordinates on; Representing discrete angles In the information source Mapped coordinates on; The time corresponds to the first information source. This corresponds to the second information source; This represents the pixel width of the information source.
[0053] Through the above mechanism, the pixels of the first information source 2 and the second information source 1 are physically isolated and field of view diversity on their respective planes. The corresponding angles of the pixels of the two do not overlap, but the union completely covers the 180-degree field of view, thus completely eliminating beam aliasing and angle distortion.
Claims
1. A 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display, characterized in that, It includes a first information source, a second information source, an information encoding module, and a compound lens array; the compound lens array includes an inner grating, an aperture, and an outer grating sequentially arranged in the optical path; wherein: The first information source is closer to the inner grating than the second information source. The field of view of the light information carried by the first information source is greater than that of the light information carried by the second information source, so as to achieve a dual focal plane distribution of the information source. The information encoding module uses the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion to determine the information source carrying the target light information and makes the corresponding position of another information source transparent, thereby enabling the first and second information sources to achieve physical isolation and field diversity on their respective planes to avoid beam aliasing and angular distortion; wherein the diffuse spot is formed on the information source by the reverse-tracking light. The inner grating has a smaller radius of curvature than the outer grating, so that the compound lens array forms a pinecone-shaped appearance, which, combined with the information source distributed in a dual-focal plane, forms a dual-focal plane display; both the outer and inner gratings adopt high-order aspherical surface shapes to increase the degree of freedom of surface shape and thus achieve beam shaping. An aperture stop is used to control the propagation path of light and prevent beams from crossing and interfering with each other.
2. The 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the inner and outer gratings employ cylindrical lens arrays, with the light control information period of the cylindrical lenses being equal to the lens pitch. This is repeated several times to form a stable optical viewpoint cycle. It is an integer greater than or equal to 2; or Both the inner and outer gratings employ dot lens arrays. The light control information period of the dot lens is twice the lens pitch, which facilitates stable modification and cycling on single-layer dot lenses with different process precisions.
3. The 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air gap is used between the information source and the inner grating to take advantage of the low refractive index of air, thereby expanding the deflection space of the beam and suppressing distortion from the physical source.
4. The 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing constraints between the aperture stop and the inner and outer gratings are as follows: in This refers to the axial position of the aperture plane; The axial coordinates of the outer grating vertices; The axial coordinates of the inner grating vertices; This represents the minimum permissible machining tolerance threshold.
5. The 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elevation equations for the higher-order aspherical surface types used in the inner and outer gratings are as follows: in Indicates the first The surface data of the grating, when When corresponding to the outer grating, when The time corresponds to the inner grating; For the first The radius of curvature of the grating. ; For the first The quadratic surface constant of the grating; For the first The higher-order aspherical coefficients of the grating; This is half the pitch of the grating; The even-order number of the aspherical parameters; This is the upper limit for optimization of even-order aspherical surfaces.
6. The 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display according to claim 5, characterized in that, No. The objective function for optimizing the higher-order aspherical coefficients of the grating is: in This indicates the search for the optimal high-order aspherical coefficient vector. ; For the target field of view; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is The actual mapped coordinates of the time on the information source; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The distortion-free ideal coordinates of time on the information source; For penalty weighting; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is Size of the diffuse spot at that time; No. The mapping constraint condition for the higher-order aspherical coefficients of the grating is: in This represents the threshold for the size of the diffuse spot. Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is Size of the diffuse spot on the primary information source; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is The actual mapped coordinates on the first information source at that time; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is Size of the diffuse spot on the second information source; Indicates that at the target field of view angle is The vector of higher-order aspherical coefficients is The actual mapped coordinates on the second information source.
7. The 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the information encoding module, for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is smaller than the size of the information source pixel, image information is normally allocated and encoded; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is larger than the size of the information source pixel but less than twice the size of the information source pixel, the luminous intensity or aperture weight of the region is reduced to suppress crosstalk between adjacent viewpoints; for regions where the size of the diffuse spot is greater than twice the size of the information source pixel, it is set to be transparent.
8. A display method based on a 180-degree omnidirectional viewing flat panel light field 3D display according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Adjust the spacing between the aperture stop and the inner and outer gratings respectively; Determine the locations of the first and second information sources; Determine the higher-order aspherical coefficients of the inner and outer gratings respectively; determine the lens pitch and light control information period of the inner and outer gratings; Using the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion, the information source carrying the target light information is determined, and the corresponding position of another information source is made transparent, thereby enabling the first and second information sources to achieve physical isolation and field diversity on their respective planes, so as to avoid beam aliasing and angular distortion; wherein the diffuse spot is formed on the information source by the reverse-tracking light. Based on the relationship between the target light information and the information source, the target light information is loaded to complete the display.
9. A display method based on claim 8, characterized in that, Specific methods for determining the information source carrying the target optical information using the size of the diffuse spot as a criterion include: Diffusion spot position mapping: A reverse test ray is emitted from a preset observer horizontal field of view to the dual-focal-plane information source plane. The diffusion spot formed on the first or second information source after the reverse test ray passes through the compound lens array is obtained. The centroid position of the diffusion spot distribution corresponding to different horizontal viewing angles is extracted. The corresponding viewing angle information of the target 3D image is mapped to the pixel at the centroid position to achieve continuous mapping encoding of the horizontal angle. The target light information comes from the target 3D image. For regions where the diffuse spot size is smaller than the information source pixel size, image information is allocated and encoded normally; for regions where the diffuse spot size is larger than the information source pixel size but less than twice the information source pixel size, the luminous intensity or aperture weight of the region is reduced to suppress crosstalk between adjacent viewpoints; for regions where the diffuse spot size is greater than twice the information source pixel size, it is set to be transparent.
10. The display method according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the mapping of the blur spot position, the target field of view angle The physical coordinates of the reverse test ray on the first and second information sources satisfy: in For the target field of view The physical coordinates corresponding to the second information source; For the target field of view The physical coordinates corresponding to the first information source; The distance from the first information source to the optical center; The distance of the second information source from the optical center; Let be the deflection angle function of the light beam from the compound lens array to the first information source; Let be the deflection angle function of the light beam from the first information source to the second information source; It is the tangent function; Any adjacent discrete angle and Mapped coordinates on the same information source satisfy spatial separation constraints: in Representing discrete angles In the information source Mapped coordinates on; Representing discrete angles In the information source Mapped coordinates on; The time corresponds to the first information source. This corresponds to the second information source; This represents the pixel width of the information source.