Chip heat dissipation module flow equalization control method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to liquid cooling heat dissipation control technical field, especially to a kind of chip heat dissipation module flow equalization control method and system.The method obtains the temperature state of multiple liquid cooling branches, actual flow, branch pressure difference, valve opening, system available total flow and supply-return liquid total pressure difference, forms branch operating state set;According to branch heat demand and system available total flow constraint to determine branch target flow;Compare target flow with actual flow, combined with branch pressure difference and valve opening to generate initial valve opening adjustment instruction, and according to other branch flow variation to revise the instruction;When multiple branches are underflow, valve reaches opening upper limit and supply-return liquid total pressure difference is insufficient, adjust circulating pump, then according to pump post flow deviation to execute valve secondary regulation.The present application forms branch valve local regulation, circulating pump total regulation and pump post rebalancing control link, reduces parallel branch flow interference, so that each branch actual flow approaches target flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid cooling heat dissipation and automatic flow control technology, and in particular to a method and system for flow balance control of a chip heat dissipation module. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of chip liquid cooling technology, chip heat dissipation modules typically include a main supply pipe, a main return pipe, a circulation pump, multiple liquid cooling branches, a chip cold plate, branch regulating valves, and temperature, flow, and pressure detection components. Existing solutions usually determine the cooling requirements based on chip temperature, chip power consumption, or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling branch, and then change the coolant flow rate by adjusting the circulation pump speed, the opening of the branch regulating valve, or a preset flow distribution ratio. This type of solution can complete the basic liquid supply and temperature regulation of the chip cold plate. However, in the case of multiple parallel liquid cooling branches sharing the main supply pipe, the main return pipe, and the circulation pump, problems such as inconsistencies between the actual flow rate of each branch and the corresponding cooling requirements, mutual influence of local branch flow rates, and difficulty in distinguishing between the system's liquid supply status and the branch regulation status can easily arise.

[0003] Existing solutions often rely on chip temperature thresholds, the deviation between target and actual flow rates, or the total system flow rate to control the circulating pump and branch regulating valves. When the opening of a branch regulating valve in a liquid cooling branch changes, the pressure distribution in the shared supply and return main pipes changes accordingly, and the actual flow rates in other liquid cooling branches may also change. If multiple valve commands are still executed according to the branch flow rate deviation before valve action, it is easy to cause mutual interference between the actions of the valves, causing some liquid cooling branches to change from underflow to overflow, or causing the underflow state of other liquid cooling branches to continue to expand.

[0004] Furthermore, a lower actual flow rate in a branch compared to the target flow rate may be caused by insufficient opening of the branch regulating valve, abnormal flow resistance in the branch, blockage in the liquid-cooled branch, or insufficient total pressure difference between the system's supply and return fluids. Existing control methods, lacking joint assessment of branch flow deviation, current opening of the branch regulating valve, branch pressure difference, and total pressure difference between the supply and return fluids, struggle to distinguish between local branch regulation issues and system liquid supply capacity problems. When the circulation pump speed changes, the actual flow rates of multiple liquid-cooled branches are affected by differences in flow resistance and valve opening, and their actual flow rates will not change proportionally, requiring a re-verification of the original branch flow distribution relationships. Therefore, a chip-based heat dissipation module sharing a circulation pump with multiple parallel liquid-cooled branches is needed to address the difficulties in matching control conditions between the branch regulating valve and the circulation pump, as well as the challenge of rebalancing branch flow rates after pump speed changes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for flow balancing control of a chip heat dissipation module, comprising: S100: Obtain the branch identifier, temperature status, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, current opening degree of branch regulating valve, total available flow rate of the system and total supply and return liquid pressure difference of multiple liquid cooling branches, and generate a set of branch operating status according to the branch identifier; S200. Determine the branch heat demand based on the branch operating status set, and constrain the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch according to the total available flow of the system, and generate the branch target flow set. S300: Based on the target flow set of the branch and the operating status set of the branch, compare the target flow with the actual flow to obtain the branch flow deviation; generate an initial valve opening adjustment command based on the branch flow deviation, the branch pressure difference and the current opening, and correct the initial valve opening adjustment command based on the flow changes of other liquid cooling branches after execution to generate the branch valve adjustment result; S400. Based on the branch valve adjustment results, when the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the corresponding current opening degree reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, a circulating pump speed adjustment command is generated; after execution, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired, and a secondary adjustment command for the downstream valve is generated according to the reacquired actual flow rate and the target flow rate to obtain the valve-pump coordinated control result.

[0006] Furthermore, the temperature status includes the inlet temperature, the outlet temperature, the chip temperature, and the chip temperature rise rate; The generation of the branch operating status set includes: associating the branch identifier with the chip cold plate identifier, the inlet temperature sensor, the outlet temperature sensor, the flow sensor, the differential pressure sensor, and the branch regulating valve, and arranging the temperature status, the actual flow rate, the branch differential pressure, and the current opening degree according to the acquisition time.

[0007] Furthermore, determining the branch heat demand includes: Calculate the difference between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature to obtain the branch temperature difference; The branch heat demand is determined by the product of the branch temperature difference and the actual flow rate, and the branch heat demand is corrected based on the difference between the chip temperature and the target temperature and the chip temperature rise rate.

[0008] Furthermore, the total flow rate of the system can be determined based on the current speed of the circulating pump, the total pressure difference between the supply and return fluids, and the pump performance curve; The constraint of the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch based on the total available flow of the system includes: when the sum of the basic demand flow of multiple liquid cooling branches is not greater than the total available flow of the system, the basic demand flow is determined as the corresponding target flow; when the sum of the basic demand flow is greater than the total available flow of the system, the minimum safe flow of the branch is first allocated to each liquid cooling branch, and then the remaining flow is allocated according to the heat demand of the branch, and the allocated flow is limited to the maximum allowable flow of the branch.

[0009] Furthermore, the generation of the initial valve opening adjustment command includes: The branch flow deviation is compared with the flow deviation dead zone; When the branch flow deviation exceeds the flow deviation dead zone and the current opening degree does not reach the opening degree boundary corresponding to the deviation direction, the opening direction or closing direction of the branch regulating valve is determined according to the direction of the branch flow deviation. The valve opening adjustment amount is determined based on the branch flow deviation and the branch pressure difference, and the valve opening adjustment amount is corrected according to the single-cycle valve opening limit to generate the initial valve opening adjustment command.

[0010] Furthermore, the step of correcting the initial valve opening adjustment command based on the flow rate changes of other liquid cooling branches after execution includes: Execute the initial valve opening adjustment command for the first liquid cooling branch, and obtain the actual flow rates of other liquid cooling branches before and after execution; The influence relationship of branch flow rate is determined based on the valve opening change of the first liquid cooling branch and the actual flow rate change of the other liquid cooling branches; The initial valve opening adjustment commands and execution sequence that have not yet been executed are corrected based on the influence relationship of the branch flow.

[0011] Furthermore, the generation of the circulating pump speed adjustment command includes: After executing the initial valve opening adjustment command, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is compared with the target flow rate; When the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the corresponding current opening degree reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, the circulation pump speed adjustment amount is determined according to the difference between the actual flow rate and the target flow rate, and the circulation pump speed adjustment amount is corrected according to the single-cycle pump speed change limit.

[0012] Furthermore, the generation of the secondary adjustment command for the downstream valve includes: After executing the circulating pump speed adjustment command, a flow stabilization window is set, and the actual flow rate and branch pressure difference of each liquid cooling branch within the flow stabilization window are obtained. After the actual flow rate and the branch pressure difference reach a stable state, the re-acquired actual flow rate is compared with the target flow rate to obtain the flow deviation of the branch after the pump. Based on the flow deviation of the downstream branch, a valve closing command is generated for the liquid cooling branch where the actual flow is higher than the target flow, and a valve opening command is generated for the liquid cooling branch where the actual flow is lower than the target flow and the current opening degree has not reached the upper limit of the opening degree.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes: When the current opening of the branch regulating valve increases, the actual flow rate does not increase, and the branch pressure difference increases, a branch blockage status marker is generated. When the current opening of the branch control valve does not change with the initial valve opening adjustment command, a valve jamming status flag is generated. When the current opening degree of the branch regulating valve and the branch pressure difference change while the actual flow rate remains unchanged, an abnormal state flag for the flow sensor is generated. The generated branch blockage status markers, valve jamming status markers, and flow sensor abnormal status markers are summarized to form a branch abnormal status set.

[0014] The present invention also provides a flow balancing control system for a chip heat dissipation module, comprising: The branch status acquisition module is used to acquire the branch identifier, temperature status, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, current opening degree of branch regulating valve, total available flow rate of system and total supply and return liquid pressure difference of multiple liquid cooling branches, and generate a set of branch operating status according to the branch identifier; The target flow allocation module is connected to the branch status acquisition module. It is used to determine the branch heat demand based on the branch operating status set, and to constrain the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch according to the total available flow of the system, so as to generate the branch target flow set. The valve adjustment module, connected to the branch status acquisition module and the target flow distribution module, is used to compare the target flow with the actual flow based on the branch target flow set and the branch operating status set to obtain the branch flow deviation; generate an initial valve opening adjustment command based on the branch flow deviation, the branch pressure difference, and the current opening of the branch regulating valve; and correct the initial valve opening adjustment command based on the flow changes of other liquid cooling branches after execution to generate the branch valve adjustment result. The valve-pump coordinated control module, connected to the valve regulating module, is used to generate a circulating pump speed regulation command based on the branch valve regulation results when the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the current opening degree of the corresponding branch regulating valve reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate. After executing the circulating pump speed regulation command, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired, and a secondary regulation command for the downstream valve is generated based on the reacquired actual flow rate and the target flow rate to obtain the valve-pump coordinated control result.

[0015] The key innovations of this invention include: (1) Establish a constraint relationship between the branch heat demand of multiple liquid cooling branches and the total available flow of the system. When the sum of the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch exceeds the total available flow of the system, combine the minimum safe flow of the branch, the maximum allowable flow of the branch, and the heat demand of the branch to redistribute the flow and form a set of branch target flow that matches the current liquid supply capacity.

[0016] (2) Based on the target flow rate, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference and current opening of the branch regulating valve of each liquid cooling branch, an initial valve opening adjustment command is formed; after the valve action is executed in the first liquid cooling branch, the actual flow rate change of other liquid cooling branches is used to establish the branch flow rate influence relationship, and the initial valve opening adjustment command and execution sequence that have not yet been executed are corrected accordingly to form the branch valve adjustment result.

[0017] (3) The underflow state of multiple liquid cooling branches, the upper limit of the opening of the branch regulating valve and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquid are used as the joint conditions for the regulation of the circulating pump. After the speed of the circulating pump changes, the actual flow of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired. The secondary regulation command of the downstream valve is generated according to the flow deviation of the downstream branch, forming a valve-pump coordinated control result that connects the local regulation of the branch regulating valve, the total regulation of the circulating pump and the redistribution of the downstream branch.

[0018] The following are its main beneficial effects: (1) The basic demand flow of multiple liquid cooling branches is constrained and allocated by the total available flow of the system, so that the target flow of the branch does not exceed the liquid supply range corresponding to the current circulating pump and liquid cooling circuit; when the total flow is insufficient, the minimum safe flow of each branch is reserved, and the remaining flow is allocated according to the heat demand of the branch, so as to reduce the situation where the target flow of multiple branches overlaps and is difficult to execute at the same time.

[0019] (2) By obtaining the actual flow changes of other liquid cooling branches after the valve of the first liquid cooling branch is activated, and correcting the subsequent valve commands accordingly, the valve regulation that has not yet been executed adopts the current hydraulic state after the previous branch is activated; thereby reducing the branch underflow expansion, branch overflow and repeated reverse regulation caused by the mutual interference of multiple independent valve commands.

[0020] (3) By combining the judgment of multiple branches underflow, valve reaching the upper limit of opening and insufficient total pressure difference between supply and return liquid, the circulation pump is adjusted to the corresponding system liquid supply capacity insufficient state, so as to avoid the local flow deviation that can still be handled by the branch regulating valve is directly converted into pump speed adjustment; after the circulation pump is activated, the valve is adjusted again according to the actual flow of each branch after re-detection, so that each liquid cooling branch after the pump speed change corresponds to its own target flow. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a flow balancing control method for a chip heat dissipation module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a flow balancing control method for a chip heat dissipation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The process may include at least steps S100-S400: S100: Obtain the branch identifier, temperature status, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, current opening degree of branch regulating valve, total available flow rate of the system and total supply and return liquid pressure difference of multiple liquid cooling branches, and generate a set of branch operating status according to the branch identifier; S200. Determine the branch heat demand based on the branch operating status set, and constrain the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch according to the total available flow of the system, and generate the branch target flow set. S300: Based on the target flow set of the branch and the operating status set of the branch, compare the target flow with the actual flow to obtain the branch flow deviation; generate an initial valve opening adjustment command based on the branch flow deviation, the branch pressure difference and the current opening, and correct the initial valve opening adjustment command based on the flow changes of other liquid cooling branches after execution to generate the branch valve adjustment result; S400. Based on the branch valve adjustment results, when the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the corresponding current opening degree reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, a circulating pump speed adjustment command is generated; after execution, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired, and a secondary adjustment command for the downstream valve is generated according to the reacquired actual flow rate and the target flow rate to obtain the valve-pump coordinated control result.

[0023] S100: Obtain the branch identifier, temperature status, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, current opening degree of branch regulating valve, total available flow rate of the system and total supply and return liquid pressure difference of multiple liquid cooling branches, and generate a set of branch operating statuses according to the branch identifier.

[0024] In this embodiment, the chip heat dissipation module includes a main liquid supply pipe, a main liquid return pipe, a circulating pump, and multiple liquid cooling branches connected in parallel between the main liquid supply pipe and the main liquid return pipe. Each liquid cooling branch is equipped with a chip cold plate, a branch regulating valve, an inlet temperature sensor, an outlet temperature sensor, a flow sensor, and a differential pressure sensor. The chip cold plate is in thermally conductive contact with the corresponding chip heat dissipation surface. The circulating pump is located in either the main liquid supply pipe or the main liquid return pipe, and a total differential pressure sensor for the supply and return liquids is installed between the main liquid supply pipe and the main liquid return pipe. The controller establishes communication connections with multiple sensors, multiple branch regulating valves, and the circulating pump, receives branch detection values, valve opening feedback values, and circulating pump operating status, and sends control commands to the branch regulating valves and the circulating pump.

[0025] The liquid cooling branch is assigned a branch identifier during module installation or controller initialization. This branch identifier is associated with the corresponding chip cold plate identifier, chip identifier, inlet liquid temperature sensor identifier, outlet liquid temperature sensor identifier, flow sensor identifier, differential pressure sensor identifier, and branch regulating valve identifier. This association is stored in the controller's configuration area. When the controller reads data from any sensor, it first looks up the corresponding branch identifier based on the sensor identifier, and then assigns the detected value to the appropriate liquid cooling branch, preventing the mixing of temperature, flow, and differential pressure data from different branches.

[0026] After the chip heat dissipation module is activated, the controller reads the operating status of each liquid cooling branch according to the control cycle. In addition to periodic triggering, new status acquisition can also be triggered when the chip workload changes, the chip temperature changes beyond the preset range, the branch regulating valve completes an opening adjustment, or the circulating pump completes a speed adjustment. For data acquisition after valve and circulating pump actions, the controller begins reading branch data after the actuator returns an action completion signal, avoiding directly using transient data during actuator movement as the stable operating status.

[0027] The temperature status includes the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, chip temperature, and chip temperature rise rate. The inlet temperature is detected by an inlet temperature sensor located at the inlet side of the chip cold plate, the outlet temperature is detected by an outlet temperature sensor located at the outlet side of the chip cold plate, and the chip temperature is detected by an internal chip temperature sensor or a temperature sensor located in the contact area of ​​the chip cold plate. The chip temperature rise rate is obtained by dividing the difference between the chip temperature at the current acquisition time and the chip temperature at the previous acquisition time by the corresponding time interval. When the chip temperature does not change significantly, the chip temperature rise rate is close to zero; when the chip temperature rises continuously, the chip temperature rise rate is positive.

[0028] The actual flow rate is detected by a flow sensor in the corresponding liquid-cooled branch, and the branch pressure difference is obtained by the difference between the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the chip cold plate. In one embodiment, the two pressure taps of the branch pressure difference sensor are connected to the inlet and outlet of the chip cold plate, respectively, and the controller directly reads the output of the pressure difference sensor. In another embodiment, pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet sides, respectively, and the controller calculates the difference between the two pressure readings to obtain the branch pressure difference. The current opening degree of the branch regulating valve is read by the valve position feedback interface, and its value is checked against the valve command previously sent by the controller.

[0029] The total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is obtained from the difference between the pressure of the main supply pipe and the pressure of the main return pipe. The total flow rate can be used in this step to obtain the current liquid supply status of the liquid cooling circuit. Its initial value is provided by the total flow sensor in the main supply pipe, or calculated by the controller based on the current speed of the circulating pump, the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids, and the pre-stored pump performance curve. When using the calculation method, the controller selects the corresponding pump performance curve range based on the current speed, and then uses the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids as the operating point parameter to find the current total flow rate. When both the total flow sensor result and the calculation result exist, the controller checks the difference between the two. If the difference exceeds the preset range, the sensor detection value is retained and an abnormal operating status marker for the circulating pump is generated.

[0030] Because the acquisition times of multiple sensors may differ, the controller arranges the data for the same liquid cooling branch according to the acquisition time. For data falling within the same control cycle, the controller selects the detection value closest to the reference time of that control cycle. When the interval between the acquisition time of temperature, flow rate, or differential pressure data and the reference time exceeds the allowable time, the detection value is not directly included in the current flow regulation. The controller can reread the data at the next acquisition time, or temporarily use the valid detection value from the previous control cycle when the temperature change is gradual and the equipment status remains unchanged.

[0031] When verifying the validity of the collected data, the controller checks whether the detected value is within the sensor's range, whether the variation range of consecutive detected values ​​in the same branch exceeds the allowable variation range within the sampling period, and whether there is a significant conflict between the valve opening change direction and the flow rate change direction. A single temperature or flow rate jump does not directly change the branch control state; the controller rereads the corresponding sensor in subsequent sampling. When multiple consecutive sampled values ​​exceed the range, the controller establishes a sensor abnormality state and maintains the liquid-cooled branch at the previous effective valve opening. When the corresponding chip temperature approaches the control upper limit, the controller can also set the branch to a safe flow state.

[0032] After completing the branch identification association, time arrangement, and validity verification, the controller forms a branch operating status set. This set distinguishes each liquid-cooled branch according to its branch identification. The operating status of each liquid-cooled branch includes the temperature status used in this control cycle, actual flow rate, branch differential pressure, current opening degree of the branch regulating valve, and status validity. The system's available total flow rate and total supply-return liquid differential pressure are used as the common system operating status for multiple liquid-cooled branches, and are transmitted to S200 along with the branch operating status set. S200 reads the temperature status and actual flow rate to calculate the branch heat demand, and reads the system's available total flow rate to constrain the flow demand of each liquid-cooled branch.

[0033] S200. Determine the branch heat demand based on the branch operating status set, and constrain the basic demand flow of each liquid-cooled branch according to the total available flow of the system, and generate the branch target flow set.

[0034] After receiving the branch operating status set formed by S100, the target flow distribution module first checks whether the temperature status and actual flow of each liquid-cooled branch are valid. Liquid-cooled branches with valid temperature status and actual flow enter normal heat demand calculation; when the chip temperature is valid but the flow detection value is invalid, the controller does not calculate the heat demand based on the product of flow and temperature difference, but determines the temporary heat demand based on the heat demand of the previous valid control cycle of the branch and the current chip temperature change; when both the chip temperature and flow detection value are invalid, the controller maintains the target flow of the branch at the target flow of the previous control cycle or the preset minimum safe flow of the branch, and forms an abnormal branch status mark.

[0035] The branch heat demand reflects the heat that the corresponding chip cold plate needs to have removed by the coolant and its subsequent trend. The controller first calculates the difference between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature to obtain the branch temperature difference. After the coolant absorbs heat in the chip cold plate, the outlet temperature is normally higher than the inlet temperature. When the branch temperature difference is negative or its absolute value exceeds the sensor's allowable error range, the controller rechecks the branch mapping relationship between the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor and retains the previous valid branch temperature difference in the current control cycle.

[0036] In one implementation, the controller calculates the heat carried away by the branch based on the product of the branch temperature difference and the actual flow rate. When the coolant type is fixed, the controller can also use the coolant density and specific heat capacity as preset coefficients in the calculation. An increase in the branch temperature difference while the actual flow rate remains unchanged indicates that the heat carried away by that branch per unit time has increased; when the branch temperature difference is large and the actual flow rate is low, it indicates that the temperature rise of the coolant in the chip cold plate is large, and the controller accordingly increases the basic required flow rate of that branch.

[0037] Distributing heat based solely on the current flow rate may not reflect situations where the chip temperature is still rising. Therefore, the controller calculates the difference between the chip temperature and the target temperature, and adjusts the branch heat demand based on the chip temperature rise rate. When the chip temperature is higher than the target temperature and the chip temperature rise rate is positive, the controller increases the heat demand correction; when the chip temperature is close to the target temperature and the chip temperature rise rate is close to zero, the current correction is maintained; when the chip temperature is lower than the target temperature and continues to decrease, the controller decreases the heat demand correction, but does not adjust the branch heat demand below the lower limit required to maintain coolant circulation. The resulting branch heat demand reflects both the current heat exchange status and the chip temperature change trend.

[0038] The controller calculates the corresponding basic required flow rate based on the branch's heat demand. In one implementation, the controller uses the allowable branch temperature difference as the heat transfer boundary, dividing the branch's heat demand by the product of the coolant density, specific heat capacity, and allowable branch temperature difference to obtain the basic required flow rate. In another implementation, the controller looks up the basic required flow rate using a pre-calibrated table mapping chip heat demand to branch flow rate. This table can be established using test data from the chip heat dissipation module under different chip power consumption, inlet temperature, and valve opening. When using the table, the controller selects two adjacent calibration points based on the current branch heat demand and determines the basic required flow rate between the two calibration points.

[0039] The total available flow rate of the system in this step is determined by the current speed of the circulating pump, the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids, and the pump performance curve. The controller reads the flow rate-pressure difference relationship corresponding to the current speed from the pump performance curve and substitutes the actual total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids into this relationship to obtain the total available flow rate of the current liquid cooling circuit. When S100 has acquired the detection value of the total flow rate sensor, the controller compares the detection value with the curve conversion value; if the difference is within the allowable range, the detection value of the total flow rate sensor is adopted; if the difference continues to exceed the allowable range, the controller adopts the smaller value as the total available flow rate of the system for this control cycle and retains the abnormal status of the circulating pump or the total flow rate sensor.

[0040] When the sum of the basic flow requirements of all liquid cooling branches does not exceed the total available flow of the system, the controller directly uses the basic flow requirements of each branch as the corresponding target flow, but still limits it to the maximum allowable flow of the branch. The maximum allowable flow of the branch is configured based on the allowable pressure of the chip cold plate, the flow channel structure, the rated flow of the branch regulating valve, and the allowable flow rate of the liquid cooling pipeline. When the basic flow requirements of a branch exceed its maximum allowable flow, the controller limits the target flow of that branch to the maximum allowable flow and reserves the unmet heat demand for triggering abnormal handling when the chip temperature continues to rise.

[0041] When the sum of the basic flow requirements of multiple liquid cooling branches exceeds the total available flow of the system, the controller first allocates a minimum safe flow rate to each liquid cooling branch that is in normal operation. This minimum safe flow rate is configured based on the coolant flow rate required to prevent localized stagnation within the chip cold plate. After allocating the minimum safe flow rates, the controller calculates the difference between the total available flow of the system and the sum of the minimum safe flow rates of all branches to obtain the remaining flow rate; then, it allocates the remaining flow rate according to the proportion of each branch's heat demand to the total heat demand to be allocated.

[0042] When the flow rate allocated according to the branch heat demand ratio exceeds the maximum allowable flow rate of a certain branch, the excess portion is no longer allocated to that branch, but is redistributed to the liquid-cooled branches that have not yet reached their maximum allowable flow rates. This redistribution proceeds in descending order of branch heat demand until the remaining flow rate is allocated, or all branches to be allocated have reached their maximum allowable flow rates. In the latter case, the controller retains the unallocated flow rate and, in subsequent S400, determines whether to reduce the circulation pump speed based on the total supply and return liquid pressure difference.

[0043] The target flow set for each liquid-cooled branch is stored according to its branch identifier. For liquid-cooled branches with abnormal flow detection, valve jamming, or unresolved branch blockage, the controller does not increase the target flow according to the normal heat demand ratio, but instead maintains the target flow at the previous effective value or safe flow value, and transmits the abnormal status to S300. S300 calculates the branch flow deviation based on the target flow in the branch target flow set and the actual flow in S100, and determines the valve adjustment direction and adjustment amount by combining the branch pressure difference and the current opening of the branch regulating valve.

[0044] S300: Based on the target flow set of the branch and the operating status set of the branch, compare the target flow with the actual flow to obtain the branch flow deviation; generate an initial valve opening adjustment command according to the branch flow deviation, the branch pressure difference and the current opening, and correct the initial valve opening adjustment command according to the flow changes of other liquid cooling branches after execution to generate the branch valve adjustment result.

[0045] The valve control module receives the branch target flow set generated by S200 and reads the actual flow, branch differential pressure, and current opening of the branch control valve from the branch operating status set of S100 according to the branch identifier. For each liquid-cooled branch, the controller subtracts the actual flow from the target flow to obtain the branch flow deviation. A positive branch flow deviation indicates that the branch is in an underflow state; a negative branch flow deviation indicates that the branch is in an overflow state. When the absolute value of the branch flow deviation is small, frequent valve adjustment will cause the actuator to reciprocate. Therefore, the controller first compares the branch flow deviation with the flow deviation dead zone.

[0046] When the branch flow deviation is within the flow deviation dead zone, the controller maintains the current opening of the branch regulating valve and does not generate new opening changes. When the branch flow deviation exceeds the flow deviation dead zone, the controller determines the direction of action of the branch regulating valve based on the direction of deviation. When the actual flow is lower than the target flow, the corresponding action is to open the branch regulating valve more; when the actual flow is higher than the target flow, the corresponding action is to close the branch regulating valve less. When the current opening has reached the opening boundary corresponding to the direction of action, the controller does not continue to send opening adjustment commands in the same direction, but retains the underflow or overflow state of the branch for the S400 to determine whether the operating point of the circulating pump needs to be adjusted.

[0047] The valve opening adjustment is determined by both the branch flow deviation and the branch pressure difference. Under the same flow deviation, a higher branch pressure difference means a smaller valve opening change can cause a more significant flow change; a lower branch pressure difference allows the controller to increase the opening adjustment, but the adjustment must not exceed the single-cycle valve opening limit. This limit is configured based on the response speed of the branch control valve, the liquid cooling circuit volume, and the control cycle to prevent large-scale movements of multiple branch valves within the same control cycle.

[0048] In one implementation, the controller obtains a basic valve opening adjustment amount based on the product of the branch flow deviation and a preset proportional coefficient, and then corrects the basic opening adjustment amount based on the ratio between the current branch pressure difference and the calibrated pressure difference. When the branch pressure difference is higher than the calibrated pressure difference, the opening adjustment amount is decreased; when the branch pressure difference is lower than the calibrated pressure difference, the opening adjustment amount is increased. The corrected opening adjustment amount is then subjected to single-cycle valve opening limit and total valve opening boundary constraints to form the initial valve opening adjustment command.

[0049] Multiple parallel liquid cooling branches share the same main supply and return pipes. A change in the valve opening of one branch alters the pressure distribution within the main pipe, potentially affecting the actual flow rates of other branches. Therefore, the controller does not issue all initial valve opening adjustment commands simultaneously. Instead, it determines the execution order based on the branch's thermal demand and flow rate deviation. In one implementation, liquid cooling branches with chip temperatures higher than the target temperature and positive temperature rise rates are prioritized; when multiple liquid cooling branches have similar thermal states, the branch with the larger absolute value of its flow rate deviation is prioritized.

[0050] For the first liquid-cooled branch, which is at the beginning of the execution sequence, the controller records the actual flow rate and total supply-return pressure difference of each liquid-cooled branch before the command is executed, and then sends an initial valve opening adjustment command to the branch regulating valve of the first liquid-cooled branch. After the valve returns to its original position and completes its action, the controller rereads the actual flow rate of each liquid-cooled branch after the waiting time required for the valve's mechanical action. The valve opening change of the first liquid-cooled branch, together with the flow rate changes of other liquid-cooled branches, constitutes a branch flow response.

[0051] The controller uses the valve opening change of the first liquid cooling branch as a benchmark and correlates the actual flow difference before and after execution of other liquid cooling branches with this opening change to obtain the influence relationship of the first liquid cooling branch on the branch flow of other liquid cooling branches. When the actual flow of another liquid cooling branch decreases significantly after the first liquid cooling branch opens wider, it indicates that there is strong flow competition between the two branches; when the flow change of another liquid cooling branch after the first liquid cooling branch is activated is within the detection error range, the controller does not perform coupling correction on the command to be executed for that branch.

[0052] When correcting an initial valve opening adjustment command that has not yet been executed, the controller considers both the flow deviation of the branch to be adjusted and the flow impact of the executed branches. If the branch to be adjusted was originally in a state of underflow and the preceding valve action further reduces its actual flow, the controller increases the opening adjustment of that branch within the single-cycle valve opening limit; if the preceding valve action has already caused the actual flow of the branch to be adjusted to enter the flow deviation dead zone, the current command for that branch is cancelled; if the preceding valve action causes the branch to be adjusted to change from underflow to overflow, its action direction is redefined.

[0053] When multiple liquid cooling branches require valves to be fully opened and their flow rates significantly influence each other, the controller executes the commands sequentially, re-collecting the flow rate after each action, avoiding issuing multiple large-scale opening commands simultaneously. When some liquid cooling branches require full opening while others require partial closing, the controller prioritizes executing the command to close the overflowing branches, with the released liquid flow then obtained by the underflowing branches. This execution sequence reduces the sudden changes in the total supply and return liquid pressure differential caused by multiple branches opening simultaneously.

[0054] After a branch regulating valve executes a command, if the current opening feedback does not change with the command, the controller generates a valve jamming status flag and stops further increasing the valve's opening. If the current opening has increased, the actual flow rate has not increased, and the branch pressure differential has increased, the controller generates a branch blockage status flag. If both the current opening and the branch pressure differential change, but the flow sensor's detected value remains unchanged for a long period, the controller generates a flow sensor abnormal status flag. Liquid-cooled branches exhibiting the above abnormal states do not participate in the normal branch flow influence relationship update, and their failure to meet the requirement that flow rate is not directly used as the sole basis for increasing the circulation pump's speed.

[0055] After all required valve opening adjustment commands are completed or the allowed number of valve actions for this control cycle is reached, the controller generates branch valve adjustment results. These results include the current opening, actual flow rate, branch flow rate deviation, branch pressure difference, branch flow rate influence relationship, and abnormal branch status for each liquid-cooled branch. Based on the number of liquid-cooled branches still in a low-flow state, their corresponding current opening, and the total supply and return pressure difference, S400 determines whether the low flow is due to insufficient total system liquid supply capacity.

[0056] S400. Based on the branch valve adjustment results, when the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the corresponding current opening degree reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, a circulating pump speed adjustment command is generated; after execution, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired, and a secondary adjustment command for the downstream valve is generated according to the reacquired actual flow rate and the target flow rate to obtain the valve-pump coordinated control result.

[0057] After receiving the branch valve adjustment results, the valve-pump coordinated control module re-compares the actual flow rate with the target flow rate of each liquid-cooled branch. For liquid-cooled branches where the actual flow rate has entered the flow deviation dead zone, the valve opening after execution is maintained; for liquid-cooled branches that are still underflowing but whose branch regulating valves have not yet reached their upper opening limits, they are kept within the branch valve adjustment range, and the circulating pump speed is not changed immediately; for liquid-cooled branches where the branch regulating valves have reached their upper opening limits and the actual flow rate is still lower than the target flow rate, the controller includes them in the system liquid supply capacity verification scope.

[0058] The required differential pressure corresponding to the target flow rate is determined based on the flow-differential pressure relationship of the liquid cooling branch. This flow-differential pressure relationship can be established using calibration data from the chip heat dissipation module debugging phase, or it can be calculated from the flow resistance parameters of the branch pipes, chip cold plates, and branch regulating valves. The controller substitutes the target flow rate of each under-current branch into the corresponding flow-differential pressure relationship to obtain the branch differential pressure required for each under-current branch to reach the target flow rate. Then, it determines the system's required differential pressure based on the connection relationship between the under-current branch and the main supply and return lines.

[0059] When only one liquid cooling branch is experiencing underflow, while other branches have normal flow rates, the controller first checks for blockages, valve stagnation, or sensor malfunctions in that branch. If the pressure differential in that branch is not lower than the required pressure differential for the target flow rate, it indicates that the system has provided the corresponding pressure differential to that branch. The controller does not increase the circulation pump speed due to underflow in that single branch, but rather retains the localized abnormality. This prevents further increases in system pressure by increasing the circulation pump speed when a branch is blocked.

[0060] When the actual flow rate of multiple liquid-cooled branches is lower than the target flow rate, the current opening degree of the corresponding branch regulating valves is at the upper limit, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, the controller determines that the current underflow corresponds to insufficient system liquid supply capacity. The circulation pump speed adjustment is determined based on the flow rate difference of multiple underflow branches and the pump performance curve. The controller summarizes the difference between the target flow rate and the actual flow rate of each underflow branch to obtain the total flow gap, and then determines the basic speed adjustment based on the flow rate-speed relationship near the current pump speed.

[0061] The base speed regulation is constrained by the single-cycle pump speed change limit and the upper limit of the circulating pump speed. When the base speed regulation exceeds the single-cycle pump speed change limit, the controller uses this limit as the speed regulation for the current control cycle, and the remaining regulation is recalculated in subsequent control cycles based on the actual flow response. When the current speed of the circulating pump is close to the upper limit, the controller only sends the speed regulation that has not yet exceeded the upper limit. When the circulating pump has reached the upper limit and multiple liquid cooling branches are still experiencing insufficient flow, the controller retains the insufficient heat dissipation state and can send a power reduction command to the chip control unit in subsequent control cycles.

[0062] After the circulating pump speed adjustment command is sent, the controller reads the circulating pump speed feedback. If the actual speed does not change as instructed, the pump speed adjustment becomes invalid, and the current opening of the branch regulating valve is maintained. If the actual speed has changed, the controller sets a flow stabilization window. Within the flow stabilization window, the actual flow rate and branch pressure difference of each liquid cooling branch are continuously acquired, without immediately adjusting the valves again based on the transient values ​​at a single sampling moment.

[0063] The flow stability state can be determined based on the actual flow rate variation and branch pressure difference variation over multiple consecutive sampling times. When both the actual flow rate variation and branch pressure difference variation of the same liquid-cooled branch within the flow stability window fall within a preset range, the branch is marked as being in a flow stability state. If some branches are stable while others are still fluctuating significantly, the controller extends the sampling time for the fluctuating branches, but the extension time does not exceed the upper limit of the flow stability window. Liquid-cooled branches that remain unstable after reaching the upper limit of the window are marked as having abnormal branch responses and are not included in the current fine opening correction.

[0064] After each liquid-cooled branch reaches a stable flow rate, the controller compares the re-acquired actual flow rate with the target flow rate generated by S200 to obtain the flow deviation of the downstream branches. As the circulating pump speed increases, liquid-cooled branches with lower flow resistance or larger valve openings may receive more additional flow; therefore, the flow rate of each branch will not maintain the same increase ratio. The flow deviation of the downstream branches reflects the actual flow distribution state after the change in the circulating pump's operating point and cannot be used as the branch flow deviation before pump speed adjustment.

[0065] For liquid-cooled branches where the actual flow rate is higher than the target flow rate and the deviation exceeds the flow deviation dead zone, the controller generates a valve-closing command. For liquid-cooled branches where the actual flow rate is lower than the target flow rate, the deviation exceeds the flow deviation dead zone, and the current opening degree has not reached the upper limit, the controller generates a valve-opening command. For liquid-cooled branches where the actual flow rate is lower than the target flow rate but the current opening degree has reached the upper limit, the current opening degree is maintained, and the underflow state is retained. The secondary adjustment of the downstream valves still uses the branch flow influence relationship formed by S300 to correct the execution sequence and opening adjustment amount.

[0066] In one implementation, the secondary regulation of the downstream valves first addresses the overcurrent branch and then the undercurrent branch. The controller first closes the regulating valve of the overcurrent branch and reacquires the actual flow of multiple branches; when the flow released by the overcurrent branch causes the undercurrent branch to enter the flow deviation dead zone, the valve opening command for the corresponding undercurrent branch is canceled; if the undercurrent state still exists, the execution sequence of the undercurrent branch is determined according to the chip temperature, temperature rise rate, and flow deviation.

[0067] The process of reducing the speed of the circulating pump employs corresponding reverse control. When the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is higher than the target flow rate, the corresponding branch regulating valves are close to their lower opening limits, and the total supply and return liquid pressure difference is higher than the demand pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, the controller determines the amount of pump speed reduction based on the total excess flow. After speed reduction, a flow stabilization window is also set, and secondary valve adjustment is performed based on the flow deviation of the downstream branches to prevent the high-heat-demand branches from turning into an underflow state due to the pump speed reduction.

[0068] After completing the circulation pump regulation and the secondary regulation of the downstream valves, the controller obtains the valve-pump coordinated control results. These results include the circulation pump's rotational speed, total supply and return liquid pressure difference, final valve opening of each liquid-cooled branch, actual flow rate, target flow rate, downstream branch flow rate deviation, and branch abnormalities. These results are stored in the current control cycle's operating status and are reread by S100 in the next control cycle. In the next control cycle, S200 continues to determine the branch heat demand based on the updated temperature and actual flow rate, forming a continuous process of local valve regulation, global circulation pump regulation, and downstream branch redistribution.

[0069] Example 2: Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the structure may include: The branch status acquisition module 01 is used to acquire the branch identifier, temperature status, actual flow rate, branch differential pressure, current opening degree of the branch regulating valve, total available flow rate of the system, and total supply and return liquid differential pressure of multiple liquid cooling branches, and generate a branch operating status set according to the branch identifier. The branch status acquisition module is connected to the position feedback interface of the temperature sensor, flow sensor, differential pressure sensor, and branch regulating valve installed on each liquid cooling branch, and is also connected to the speed feedback interface of the circulating pump and the total supply and return liquid differential pressure sensor. Each liquid cooling branch is connected to the main supply liquid pipe and the main return liquid pipe, and corresponds to a chip cold plate. During system initialization, a correspondence is established between the branch identifier and the chip cold plate identifier, temperature sensor identifier, flow sensor identifier, differential pressure sensor identifier, and branch regulating valve identifier, so that each detected value can be attributed to a specific liquid cooling branch.

[0070] Upon reaching the control cycle, a change in chip load, completion of branch regulating valve operation, or a change in circulating pump speed, the branch status acquisition module reads each detection interface. The temperature status includes the inlet and outlet temperatures of the liquid-cooled branch, the chip temperature, and the chip temperature rise rate. The actual flow rate is detected by a flow sensor installed in the corresponding liquid-cooled branch. The branch pressure difference is obtained from the difference between the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the chip cold plate. The current opening of the branch regulating valve is based on the valve position feedback value. The total available flow rate of the system is obtained from the total flow rate detected in the main supply pipe, or determined based on the current circulating pump speed, the total supply and return pressure difference, and a pre-stored pump performance curve.

[0071] When the sampling times of different detection interfaces are inconsistent, the branch status acquisition module selects and combines detection values ​​whose time difference is within the allowable range based on the reference time of the control cycle. If a detection value exceeds the sensor range, the variation range of continuous sampling values ​​exceeds the preset range, or the valve feedback value is inconsistent with the current control command, the detection value will not participate in the flow regulation of this control cycle, and the valid value of the previous control cycle will be retained. If no valid detection value is obtained for several consecutive control cycles, the branch status acquisition module sets an abnormal state for the corresponding liquid cooling branch, maintains the current opening of the regulating valve of that branch, and transmits the abnormal state along with the current valid detection value to the subsequent modules.

[0072] After completing branch mapping, sampling time verification, and detection value validity verification, the branch status acquisition module arranges the temperature status, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, and current opening degree of the branch regulating valve for each liquid cooling branch according to the branch identifier, forming a branch operating status set. The system can use the total flow rate and the total supply and return liquid pressure difference as the system status shared by multiple liquid cooling branches, and provide it to the target flow distribution module along with the branch operating status set; wherein, the actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, and current opening degree of the branch regulating valve are also transmitted to the valve adjustment module as the basis for calculating branch flow deviation and valve adjustment amount.

[0073] The target flow allocation module 02, connected to the branch status acquisition module, is used to determine the branch heat demand based on the branch operating status set, and to constrain the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch according to the total available flow of the system, generating a branch target flow set. The target flow allocation module reads the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, chip temperature, chip temperature rise rate, and actual flow from the branch operating status set, first calculating the difference between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of each liquid cooling branch to obtain the branch temperature difference. The branch temperature difference and the actual flow together reflect the heat currently removed by the corresponding chip cold plate. The difference between the chip temperature and the target temperature, and the chip temperature rise rate are used to correct the branch heat demand corresponding to this heat.

[0074] In one implementation, the target flow distribution module obtains the current heat removed by the branch based on the relationship between the actual flow rate, branch temperature difference, coolant density, and coolant specific heat capacity. It then calculates a heat demand correction based on the chip temperature deviation and chip temperature rise rate. When the chip temperature is higher than the target temperature and the chip temperature rise rate is positive, the branch heat demand increases based on the current heat removed. When the chip temperature is close to the target temperature and the chip temperature rise rate is within a preset range, the current branch heat demand is used. When the chip temperature is lower than the target temperature and continues to decrease, the branch heat demand is reduced, but the corresponding basic required flow rate is not less than the branch's minimum safe flow rate.

[0075] The basic required flow rate can be calculated based on the relationship between branch heat demand and allowable branch temperature difference, or it can be obtained from a pre-established correspondence between branch heat demand and flow rate. When using the correspondence, the target flow rate allocation module matches adjacent calibration intervals based on the current branch heat demand and obtains the basic required flow rate within the calibration interval. When the temperature sensor or flow sensor is in an abnormal state, the basic required flow rate is not recalculated based on the abnormal detection value. Instead, the target flow rate of the previous control cycle or the minimum safe flow rate of the branch is used as the basic required flow rate of the branch in the current cycle.

[0076] After the basic flow requirements for each liquid-cooled branch are determined, the target flow allocation module compares the sum of the basic flow requirements with the total available flow of the system. If the sum of the basic flow requirements does not exceed the total available flow of the system, the basic flow requirements, after being limited by the maximum allowable flow rate of each branch, are used as the target flow rate for the corresponding liquid-cooled branch. If the sum of the basic flow requirements exceeds the total available flow of the system, the minimum safe flow rate of each normal liquid-cooled branch is first allocated. Then, the remaining flow rate after deducting the minimum safe flow rates of multiple branches from the total available flow rate of the system is calculated, and the remaining flow rate is allocated according to the proportion of heat demand among the branches.

[0077] When the flow rate allocated to a liquid-cooled branch exceeds the branch's maximum allowable flow rate, the target flow rate allocation module limits the target flow rate of that branch to within the branch's maximum allowable flow rate and transfers the unallocated portion to liquid-cooled branches that have not yet reached their maximum allowable flow rate. This redistribution proceeds from highest to lowest branch heat demand until the remaining flow rate is allocated or all branches reach their corresponding maximum allowable flow rate. The target flow rate set for each liquid-cooled branch, formed after the constrained allocation, is stored according to the branch identifier and transmitted to the valve control module. This target flow rate, along with the actual flow rate, branch differential pressure, and current opening of the branch control valve provided by the branch status acquisition module, participates in valve control.

[0078] Valve adjustment module 03, connected to the branch status acquisition module and the target flow distribution module, is used to compare the target flow with the actual flow based on the branch target flow set and the branch operating status set to obtain the branch flow deviation; generate an initial valve opening adjustment command based on the branch flow deviation, the branch pressure difference, and the current opening of the branch regulating valve, and correct the initial valve opening adjustment command based on the flow changes of other liquid-cooled branches after execution to generate the branch valve adjustment result; the valve adjustment module matches the target flow and the actual flow according to the branch identifier, and subtracts the actual flow from the target flow to obtain the branch flow deviation of the corresponding liquid-cooled branch. When the branch flow deviation is positive, the corresponding liquid-cooled branch is in an underflow state; when the branch flow deviation is negative, the corresponding liquid-cooled branch is in an overflow state. When the branch flow deviation is within the flow deviation dead zone, the current opening of the branch regulating valve is maintained, and no new opening adjustment command is sent to that branch.

[0079] When the branch flow deviation exceeds the flow deviation dead zone, the valve regulating module determines the valve action direction based on the deviation direction. The regulating valve of an underflow branch adjusts to open wider, while the regulating valve of an overflow branch adjusts to close narrower. The valve opening adjustment amount is obtained jointly based on the branch flow deviation and the branch pressure difference; under the same branch flow deviation, a smaller opening change is used when the branch pressure difference is larger, and a larger opening change is used when the branch pressure difference is smaller. The calculated opening change amount is constrained by the single-cycle valve opening limit and the branch regulating valve opening boundary, forming the initial valve opening regulation command.

[0080] When multiple liquid cooling branches have flow deviations simultaneously, the valve regulation module determines the command execution order based on the chip temperature, chip temperature rise rate, and branch flow deviation. Liquid cooling branches with chip temperatures higher than the target temperature and continuously rising are executed first; when multiple branches have similar temperature states, the liquid cooling branch with the larger absolute value of its flow deviation is executed first. For branches with some overcurrent and some undercurrent, a valve closing command is first sent to the overcurrent branches, and then the opening requirement of the undercurrent branches is re-checked based on the flow rate of the branches after the closing action.

[0081] Before the first liquid-cooled branch executes the initial valve opening adjustment command, the valve adjustment module stores the actual flow rates of multiple liquid-cooled branches. After the branch adjustment valve returns a completion receipt, it reads the actual flow rates of other liquid-cooled branches again. A correspondence is established between the valve opening changes of the first liquid-cooled branch and the actual flow rate changes of other liquid-cooled branches, forming a branch flow influence relationship. When the opening of the first liquid-cooled branch causes a decrease in the actual flow rate of the second liquid-cooled branch, the valve adjustment module corrects the initial valve opening adjustment command of the second liquid-cooled branch that has not yet been executed based on the actual flow rate decrease. When the actual flow rate of the second liquid-cooled branch enters the flow deviation dead zone due to previous actions, the pending command for that branch in this cycle is canceled.

[0082] For multiple liquid-cooled branches with significant flow rate impact, the valve regulation module employs a branch-by-branch execution method. After the valve in the previous branch completes its action and obtains the new branch flow rate, the valve command for the next branch is corrected. If the valve action is completed but the valve position feedback does not change, the valve is retained in a stuck state, and commands in the same direction are stopped from being sent to that valve. If the valve opening increases, the actual flow rate does not increase, and the branch pressure differential rises, the branch is retained in a blocked state. If the valve opening and branch pressure differential change, but the actual flow rate remains unchanged, the flow sensor abnormal state is retained. Branches exhibiting the above abnormal states are not used as the basis for individually triggering the circulation pump regulation.

[0083] After completing the valve adjustment for this control cycle, the valve adjustment module generates branch valve adjustment results. These results include the current opening degree of the branch regulating valve, actual flow rate, branch flow deviation, branch pressure difference, branch flow influence relationship, and branch abnormal status, and are transmitted to the valve-pump collaborative control module. Based on these results, the valve-pump collaborative control module distinguishes between liquid-cooled branches that still have valve adjustment margin, under-flow branches where the valve has reached its upper opening limit, and liquid-cooled branches with localized abnormalities.

[0084] The valve-pump collaborative control module 04, connected to the valve regulating module, is used to generate a circulating pump speed regulation command based on the branch valve regulation results when the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the current opening degree of the corresponding branch regulating valve reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate. After executing the circulating pump speed regulation command, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired, and a secondary regulation command for the downstream valve is generated based on the reacquired actual flow rate and the target flow rate to obtain the valve-pump collaborative control result. After reading the branch valve regulation results, the valve-pump collaborative control module first filters out liquid cooling branches that are still in a state of underflow after valve regulation. When the current opening degree of the branch regulating valve has not yet reached the upper limit of the opening degree, the underflow branch is still processed by the valve regulating module; when the current opening degree of the branch regulating valve reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, the valve-pump collaborative control module checks the required pressure difference and abnormal status of the branch.

[0085] The required differential pressure is obtained based on the target flow rate and the flow-differential pressure correspondence of the liquid cooling branch. This correspondence is established using differential pressure calibration results from the branch piping, chip cold plate, and branch regulating valve at different flow rates. The required differential pressures corresponding to multiple under-flow branches form the system required differential pressure, which is compared with the total supply and return liquid differential pressure. If only one liquid cooling branch is under-flow, or if the under-flow branch is blocked, has a stuck valve, or has an abnormal flow sensor, the valve-pump coordination control module maintains the current speed of the circulating pump and does not convert local anomalies into full-loop pump speed regulation.

[0086] When the actual flow rate of multiple liquid-cooled branches is lower than the target flow rate, the current opening degree of the corresponding branch regulating valve reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, the valve-pump collaborative control module summarizes the difference between the target flow rate and the actual flow rate of multiple underflow branches to obtain the total flow gap. Based on the total flow gap, the current speed of the circulating pump, and the pump performance curve, the circulating pump speed adjustment amount is determined, and then the circulating pump speed adjustment amount is corrected according to the single-cycle pump speed change limit and the upper limit of the circulating pump speed to form a circulating pump speed adjustment command.

[0087] After receiving the circulating pump speed adjustment command, the circulating pump returns speed feedback. If the feedback speed does not change with the command, the valve-pump coordination control module maintains the current opening of multiple branch regulating valves, retains the pump speed adjustment ineffective state, and stops secondary adjustment of the downstream valves for this control cycle. Once the feedback speed reaches the speed corresponding to the current command, a flow stabilization window is set. The branch status acquisition module rereads the actual flow rate and branch pressure difference of each liquid-cooled branch within the flow stabilization window and returns the re-acquired detection values ​​to the valve-pump coordination control module.

[0088] The valve-pump coordinated control module verifies whether the liquid cooling circuit has completed the state transition after the pump speed change based on the actual flow rate changes and branch pressure difference changes at multiple consecutive sampling times within the flow stability window. When the actual flow rate and branch pressure difference are still in a state of continuous change, the current circulating pump speed and branch regulating valve opening are retained, waiting for the next sampling result; liquid cooling branches that have not entered a stable state after reaching the upper limit of the flow stability window are set to an abnormal branch response state and do not participate in the fine valve regulation of this control cycle.

[0089] After the liquid-cooled branch enters a stable state, the valve-pump coordinated control module re-compares the reacquired actual flow rate with the target flow rate in the branch's target flow rate set to obtain the flow deviation of the downstream branch. For liquid-cooled branches where the actual flow rate is higher than the target flow rate and the deviation exceeds the flow deviation dead zone, a valve-closing command is generated; for liquid-cooled branches where the actual flow rate is lower than the target flow rate and the current opening of the branch regulating valve has not reached its upper limit, a valve-opening command is generated. The secondary valve regulation commands downstream of the pump utilize the branch flow influence relationship formed by the valve regulation module to correct the command execution order and opening adjustment amount.

[0090] During the secondary adjustment of the downstream valves, the valve closing command for the overflow branch is executed first, and the actual flow rate of other liquid-cooled branches is re-detected. After closing the overflow branch, if the actual flow rate of the previously underflow branch enters the flow deviation dead zone, the corresponding valve opening command is canceled; if the underflow condition persists, the corresponding valve opening command is executed again. After each command is executed, the valve-pump collaborative control module collects the actual speed of the circulating pump, the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids, the final valve opening of each liquid-cooled branch, the actual flow rate, the target flow rate, the flow deviation of the downstream branch, and the abnormal status of the branch, forming the valve-pump collaborative control result. The valve-pump collaborative control result is read by the branch status acquisition module in the next control cycle and used as the current equipment status to re-form the branch operating status set.

Claims

1. A method for flow balancing control of a chip heat dissipation module, characterized in that, include: S100: Obtain the branch identifier, temperature status, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, current opening degree of branch regulating valve, total available flow rate of the system and total supply and return liquid pressure difference of multiple liquid cooling branches, and generate a set of branch operating status according to the branch identifier; S200. Determine the branch heat demand based on the branch operating status set, and constrain the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch according to the total available flow of the system, and generate the branch target flow set. S300. Based on the target flow set of the branch and the operating status set of the branch, the target flow is compared with the actual flow to obtain the branch flow deviation. An initial valve opening adjustment command is generated based on the branch flow deviation, the branch pressure difference, and the current opening degree. The initial valve opening adjustment command is then corrected based on the flow changes of other liquid cooling branches after execution, resulting in a branch valve adjustment result. S400. Based on the branch valve adjustment results, when the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the corresponding current opening degree reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, a circulating pump speed adjustment command is generated; after execution, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired, and a secondary adjustment command for the downstream valve is generated according to the reacquired actual flow rate and the target flow rate to obtain the valve-pump coordinated control result.

2. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature status includes the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, chip temperature, and chip temperature rise rate. The generation of the branch operating status set includes: associating the branch identifier with the chip cold plate identifier, the inlet temperature sensor, the outlet temperature sensor, the flow sensor, the differential pressure sensor, and the branch regulating valve, and arranging the temperature status, the actual flow rate, the branch differential pressure, and the current opening degree according to the acquisition time.

3. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of branch heat demand includes: Calculate the difference between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature to obtain the branch temperature difference; The branch heat demand is determined by the product of the branch temperature difference and the actual flow rate, and the branch heat demand is corrected based on the difference between the chip temperature and the target temperature and the chip temperature rise rate.

4. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total available flow rate of the system is determined based on the current speed of the circulating pump, the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids, and the pump performance curve. The constraint of the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch based on the total available flow of the system includes: when the sum of the basic demand flow of multiple liquid cooling branches is not greater than the total available flow of the system, the basic demand flow is determined as the corresponding target flow. When the sum of the basic required flow rates is greater than the total available flow rate of the system, the minimum safe flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is first allocated to each branch, and then the remaining flow rate is allocated according to the heat demand of the branch, and the allocated flow rate is limited to the maximum allowable flow rate of the branch.

5. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation of the initial valve opening adjustment command includes: The branch flow deviation is compared with the flow deviation dead zone; When the branch flow deviation exceeds the flow deviation dead zone and the current opening degree does not reach the opening degree boundary corresponding to the deviation direction, the opening direction or closing direction of the branch regulating valve is determined according to the direction of the branch flow deviation. The valve opening adjustment amount is determined based on the branch flow deviation and the branch pressure difference, and the valve opening adjustment amount is corrected according to the single-cycle valve opening limit to generate the initial valve opening adjustment command.

6. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of correcting the initial valve opening adjustment command based on the flow changes in other liquid cooling branches after execution includes: Execute the initial valve opening adjustment command for the first liquid cooling branch, and obtain the actual flow rates of other liquid cooling branches before and after execution; The influence relationship of branch flow rate is determined based on the valve opening change of the first liquid cooling branch and the actual flow rate change of the other liquid cooling branches; The initial valve opening adjustment commands and execution sequence that have not yet been executed are corrected based on the influence relationship of the branch flow.

7. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generated circulating pump speed adjustment command includes: After executing the initial valve opening adjustment command, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is compared with the target flow rate; When the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the corresponding current opening degree reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate, the circulation pump speed adjustment amount is determined according to the difference between the actual flow rate and the target flow rate, and the circulation pump speed adjustment amount is corrected according to the single-cycle pump speed change limit.

8. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation of the secondary adjustment command for the downstream valve includes: After executing the circulating pump speed adjustment command, a flow stabilization window is set, and the actual flow rate and branch pressure difference of each liquid cooling branch within the flow stabilization window are obtained. After the actual flow rate and the branch pressure difference reach a stable state, the re-acquired actual flow rate is compared with the target flow rate to obtain the flow deviation of the branch after the pump. Based on the flow deviation of the downstream branch, a valve closing command is generated for the liquid cooling branch where the actual flow is higher than the target flow, and a valve opening command is generated for the liquid cooling branch where the actual flow is lower than the target flow and the current opening degree has not reached the upper limit of the opening degree.

9. The chip heat dissipation module flow balancing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: When the current opening of the branch regulating valve increases, the actual flow rate does not increase, and the branch pressure difference increases, a branch blockage status marker is generated. When the current opening of the branch control valve does not change with the initial valve opening adjustment command, a valve jamming status flag is generated. When the current opening degree of the branch regulating valve and the branch pressure difference change while the actual flow rate remains unchanged, an abnormal state flag for the flow sensor is generated. The generated branch blockage status markers, valve jamming status markers, and flow sensor abnormal status markers are summarized to form a branch abnormal status set.

10. A flow balancing control system for a chip heat dissipation module, applied to the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The branch status acquisition module is used to acquire the branch identifier, temperature status, actual flow rate, branch pressure difference, current opening degree of branch regulating valve, total available flow rate of system and total supply and return liquid pressure difference of multiple liquid cooling branches, and generate a set of branch operating status according to the branch identifier; The target flow allocation module is connected to the branch status acquisition module. It is used to determine the branch heat demand based on the branch operating status set, and to constrain the basic demand flow of each liquid cooling branch according to the total available flow of the system, so as to generate the branch target flow set. The valve adjustment module is connected to the branch status acquisition module and the target flow distribution module. It is used to compare the target flow with the actual flow based on the branch target flow set and the branch operating status set to obtain the branch flow deviation. An initial valve opening adjustment command is generated based on the branch flow deviation, the branch pressure difference, and the current opening of the branch regulating valve. The initial valve opening adjustment command is then corrected based on the flow changes of other liquid cooling branches after execution, resulting in a branch valve adjustment result. The valve-pump coordinated control module, connected to the valve regulating module, is used to generate a circulating pump speed regulation command based on the branch valve regulation results when the actual flow rate of multiple liquid cooling branches is lower than the target flow rate, the current opening degree of the corresponding branch regulating valve reaches the upper limit of the opening degree, and the total pressure difference between the supply and return liquids is lower than the required pressure difference corresponding to the target flow rate. After executing the circulating pump speed regulation command, the actual flow rate of each liquid cooling branch is reacquired, and a secondary regulation command for the downstream valve is generated based on the reacquired actual flow rate and the target flow rate to obtain the valve-pump coordinated control result.

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