Light emitting diode display panel and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a lightning protection data verification method and system based on multi-source constraints. The method comprises: obtaining to-be-verified lightning protection data and its associated multi-source observation data, establishing a candidate lightning stroke event state space representing lightning stroke position and time, and generating an observation constraint set; determining a common feasible region according to the observation constraint set; determining a conflict constraint set and a target conflict constraint when the common feasible region is empty, forming a recovery feasible region based on the observation constraints in the conflict constraint set except the target conflict constraint, determining a theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint, and correcting the target conflict constraint according to the difference between the theoretical observation range and an actual observation range defined by the target conflict constraint, and updating the common feasible region according to the corrected observation constraint set; and determining a lightning protection data verification result according to the common feasible region. The present application can perform consistency verification on multi-source observation data under a unified lightning stroke event state, and can locate and correct observation conflicts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing technology, and specifically to a lightning protection data verification method and system based on multi-source constraints. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning protection monitoring systems generate lightning protection data from various sources, including lightning location equipment, radar, electric field monitoring equipment, and operational records of the protected objects. This data is used to identify lightning strikes and verify information such as the location and time of strikes. Existing lightning protection data verification typically relies on the statistical distribution of historical lightning data, radar echo intensity, current amplitude, spatial clustering characteristics, or station combination characteristics as criteria. Data that deviates from statistical patterns is filtered out using preset thresholds.

[0003] This type of method can identify some obviously abnormal records, but its judgment mainly reflects whether a certain type of observation data is abnormal, lacking a unified constraint relationship for the same lightning strike event. When radar convection observations, electric field changes, lightning protection object responses, and lightning location observations are all within their respective allowable error ranges, existing technologies often struggle to determine whether these observations can be jointly explained by the same lightning strike location and time. Especially when a certain observation data experiences time shift, spatial shift, or station propagation error, a single threshold can only provide an anomaly judgment, but cannot further distinguish whether the lightning strike event itself is invalid, or whether a certain observation constraint conflicts with other observation constraints. In addition, directly filtering based on low radar echo, small current amplitude, or local spatial clustering characteristics may exclude real lightning strike data that are located in special convection environments or near observation error boundaries. Therefore, existing technologies lack a processing mechanism that can comprehensively judge the consistency of multi-source observations under the condition of unified lightning strike location and time, and further determine the source of conflict and the interpretable observation range when constraint conflicts occur. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for verifying lightning protection data based on multi-source constraints, which is used to at least solve the problem of how to perform unified constraint verification on the same candidate lightning strike event and determine the verification result of lightning protection data under the condition that there are different errors and local conflicts in multi-source observations.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a lightning protection data verification method based on multi-source constraints. The method includes: acquiring lightning protection data to be verified and its associated multi-source observation data; establishing a candidate lightning strike event state space characterizing the location and time of lightning strikes based on the lightning protection data to be verified; converting the multi-source observation data into an observation constraint set; determining a common feasible region based on the observation constraint set; when the common feasible region is empty, determining a conflict constraint set from the observation constraint set; determining a target conflict constraint from the conflict constraint set; determining a recoverable feasible region based on the observation constraints other than the target conflict constraint in the conflict constraint set; determining the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint based on the recoverable feasible region; correcting the target conflict constraint based on the difference between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range defined by the target conflict constraint; updating the common feasible region based on the corrected observation constraint set; and determining the lightning protection data verification result based on the common feasible region.

[0006] Secondly, this invention provides a lightning protection data verification system based on multi-source constraints, used to implement a lightning protection data verification method based on multi-source constraints. The system includes: a constraint construction module, used to acquire the lightning protection data to be verified and its associated multi-source observation data, establish a candidate lightning strike event state space representing the location and time of lightning strikes based on the lightning protection data to be verified, and convert the multi-source observation data into an observation constraint set; a conflict verification module, used to determine a common feasible region based on the observation constraint set, and when the common feasible region is empty, determine a conflict constraint set from the observation constraint set, determine a target conflict constraint from the conflict constraint set, and determine a recoverable feasible region based on the observation constraints in the conflict constraint set excluding the target conflict constraint, and determine the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint based on the recoverable feasible region; and a result determination module, used to correct the target conflict constraint based on the difference between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range defined by the target conflict constraint when the common feasible region is empty, update the common feasible region based on the corrected observation constraint set, and determine the lightning protection data verification result based on the common feasible region.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By establishing a candidate lightning strike event state space representing the location and time of lightning strikes based on the lightning protection data to be verified, constraint expression of multi-source observation data from different sources under a unified lightning strike event state is achieved. This allows lightning location observation, radar convection observation, electric field changes, and the response of the lightning protection object to enter the same verification link. By converting multi-source observation data into an observation constraint set and determining a common feasible region, it is possible to directly determine whether there are candidate lightning strike event states that simultaneously satisfy multiple observation constraints, reducing the result bias caused by making verification conclusions based solely on a single statistical threshold. By determining a conflict constraint set when the common feasible region is empty, and using the observation constraints other than the target conflict constraint in the conflict constraint set to form a recoverable feasible region, the source of observation conflict is further located. By reverse-engineering the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint through the recoverable feasible region, and using the difference between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range to correct the target conflict constraint, the corrected result can be re-tested for consistency of the observation constraint set. By updating the common feasible region and determining the lightning protection data verification result accordingly, the verification result can simultaneously reflect the consistent state of multi-source observations, the corrected consistent state, or the inconsistent state of constraints, forming a closed-loop verification process with clear evidence. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the lightning protection data verification method based on multi-source constraints in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the state space of multi-source observation data and candidate lightning strike events in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a candidate state unit screening matrix diagram in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the conflict constraint set and the recovery feasible region in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the target conflict constraint observation range correction and common feasible region update in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a block diagram of the module composition of the lightning protection data verification system based on multi-source constraints in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the relevant processing order, data structure, or parameter values ​​without changing the technical concept of the present invention.

[0010] In this embodiment, the lightning protection data corresponds to the lightning protection data to be verified generated during the lightning protection monitoring process and requiring consistency judgment. The lightning protection data to be verified provides at least the lightning strike location and lightning strike location time, and serves as the processing entry point for establishing the candidate lightning strike event state space. The multi-source observation data associated with the lightning protection data to be verified comes from at least two of the following: lightning location observation data, radar convection observation data, electric field change observation data, and lightning protection object response data. Data from different sources are converted into observation constraints according to their respective observation relationships that can limit the lightning strike location or lightning strike time, and multiple observation constraints form an observation constraint set. In this embodiment, multi-source constraints are used to jointly limit the states of candidate lightning strike events in the same candidate lightning strike event state space, and thereby determine the common feasible region. Verification is based on whether the common feasible region is empty and the recovery feasible region and observation constraint correction results after conflict of observation constraints, forming the processing basis for subsequent conflict constraint determination, theoretical observation range determination, common feasible region update, and lightning protection data verification result determination.

[0011] like Figure 1 As shown, a lightning protection data verification method based on multi-source constraints includes the following processing steps.

[0012] The lightning protection data verification system receives the lightning protection data to be verified and its associated multi-source observation data, determines the lightning strike location and lightning strike time from the lightning protection data to be verified, and establishes a candidate lightning strike event state space based on the lightning strike location and lightning strike time.

[0013] For different observation types, the lightning protection data verification system converts lightning location observation data, radar convection observation data, electric field change observation data, and lightning protection object response data into observation constraints that act on the state space of candidate lightning strike events, forming an observation constraint set.

[0014] The observation constraint set and the candidate lightning strike event state space are jointly transferred to the common feasible region determination stage to determine whether multi-source observation data from different sources can be simultaneously satisfied by the state of the same candidate lightning strike event.

[0015] In one embodiment, the lightning protection data verification system reads the lightning strike location and lightning strike time from the lightning protection data to be verified, and uses the lightning strike location as the center of the spatial search range and the lightning strike time as the center of the temporal search range.

[0016] The spatial search range does not directly replace the positioning error with a fixed area. Instead, it is determined by combining the positioning accuracy provided by the positioning equipment that generated the lightning protection data to be verified, the spatial distribution of the participating positioning stations, and the number of valid stations in the current positioning record. This ensures that the spatial search range can cover possible positional deviations caused by station geometry and positioning errors. When the positioning equipment does not provide a single positioning error, the spatial search range can be determined based on the maximum positioning error given in the equipment's technical specifications. This avoids prematurely excluding plausible candidate lightning strike events because the spatial search range is smaller than the equipment's allowable error.

[0017] The time search range is set around the lightning strike location time, and the range width is determined based on the time synchronization error of the participating positioning stations, the lightning signal arrival time extraction error, and the time resolution of the lightning protection data to be verified. When there are station time synchronization status records, the error range corresponding to the current synchronization status is used; when there are no station time synchronization status records, the upper limit of the time error allowed by the positioning system is used, so that the time search range covers the possible time offset of the lightning protection data to be verified.

[0018] After determining the spatial and temporal search ranges, the lightning strike locations within the spatial search range and the lightning strike times within the temporal search range are combined to form candidate lightning strike event states, creating a candidate lightning strike event state space. This candidate lightning strike event state space only limits the locations and times where the lightning protection data to be verified might be valid under existing observation error conditions; it does not determine the reliability of the lightning protection data at this stage.

[0019] After the candidate lightning strike event state space is formed, it is transferred to the observation constraint set generation stage. Various multi-source observation data establish observation constraints within the same location and time range, so that the common feasible domain can be determined within the unified candidate lightning strike event state space.

[0020] In one embodiment, at least two of the following multi-source observation data are selected: lightning location observation data, radar convection observation data, electric field change observation data, and lightning protection object response data. The lightning protection data verification system uses the lightning strike location and lightning strike time in the candidate lightning strike event state space as a unified constraint object. Instead of directly comparing the original values ​​of different observation types, it converts various types of observation data into observation constraints that can limit the state of candidate lightning strike events.

[0021] Lightning location observation data records the location of participating stations and the arrival time of lightning signals. The lightning protection data verification system uses the measured arrival time difference between participating stations to form station propagation constraints. Radar convection observation data uses adjacent radar volume scan data within the spatial and temporal range of candidate lightning strike events. The convection region and its movement information are determined from the adjacent radar volume scan data to form convection environment constraints.

[0022] Electric field change observation data forms electric field timing constraints based on the occurrence time of the electric field change and the allowable time error of the electric field observation equipment, which are used to limit the lightning strike time in candidate lightning strike event states. Lightning protection object response data forms lightning protection response constraints based on the time when the lightning protection object generates a response, the allowable response delay, and the location of the lightning protection object, which are used to limit candidate lightning strike event states that can establish a time and location relationship with the response of the lightning protection object.

[0023] All observation constraints maintain their respective allowable ranges for observation error formation, and do not directly normalize and sum the original values ​​of different dimensions. The lightning protection data verification system aggregates the observation constraints generated by the currently available observation types into an observation constraint set.

[0024] When radar convection observation data cannot form effective convection environment constraints due to obstruction, attenuation, or missing radar volume scan data, the missing states are not used to exclude candidate lightning strike event states; instead, the observation type is excluded from the current observation constraint set. The same treatment applies when electric field change observation data or lightning protection object response data is missing. The resulting observation constraint set is then passed to the common feasible region determination stage for joint constraint of the candidate lightning strike event state space.

[0025] In one embodiment, the station propagation constraint is used to verify whether the lightning strike location in the candidate lightning strike event state is consistent with the measured time difference of arrival of the lightning signal received by the participating positioning stations. The lightning protection data verification system selects a participating positioning station with normal time synchronization and complete lightning signal arrival time record from the lightning positioning observation data as a reference station, and calculates the measured time difference of arrival of the remaining participating positioning stations relative to the reference station.

[0026] For any lightning strike location among the candidate lightning strike event states, the lightning protection data verification system calculates the theoretical time difference of arrival based on the propagation distance from that lightning strike location to the participating positioning station, and defines the candidate lightning strike event states according to the following formula: ;

[0027] in, This refers to the location of the lightning strike in the candidate lightning strike event state. For the first The location of each participating positioning station. The location of the reference station, For transmission distance, The speed at which lightning signals propagate. For the first The measured time difference of arrival of each participating positioning station relative to the reference station. This represents the station error boundary.

[0028] The station error boundary is determined based on the time synchronization accuracy of the participating positioning stations, the lightning signal arrival time extraction error, and the allowable propagation error. It is used to limit the acceptable difference between the theoretical arrival time difference and the measured arrival time difference.

[0029] After comparing all participating positioning stations, candidate lightning strike event states whose absolute value of the difference between the theoretical and measured time difference of arrival is no greater than the corresponding station error boundary are retained, and the retained results form station propagation constraints. The station propagation constraints are written into the observation constraint set for continued use in the common feasible region determination stage.

[0030] In one embodiment, convective environment constraints are used to define the lightning strike location and time in candidate lightning strike event states using radar convective observation data. The lightning protection data verification system selects adjacent radar volume scan data from radar convective observation data covering the spatial-temporal search range of candidate lightning strike event states, and determines continuous convective regions in each radar volume scan.

[0031] The determination of the convection area can adopt the convection area identification rules already used in the operational radar system. The identification rules are only used to distinguish areas with continuous convection echo structures, and do not directly determine the reliability of the lightning protection data to be verified based on the intensity of a single radar echo.

[0032] For convective regions in adjacent radar volume scan data that can be correlated based on location proximity and regional morphological continuity, the lightning protection data verification system determines movement information based on the change in regional position between two radar volume scan times. This movement information describes the direction and distance of movement of the convective region between the two radar volume scan times.

[0033] When the lightning strike time in a candidate lightning strike event is between two radar volume scan times, the convection region is time-registered along the movement information according to the time position of the lightning strike time between the two radar volume scan times to obtain the location of the convection region that matches the lightning strike time.

[0034] The radar convection constraint range is extended outward from the time-registered convection region. The extension amount is determined based on the radar volume scan time interval, radar grid resolution, and the uncertainty range of the motion information. The longer the radar volume scan time interval or the greater the allowable spatial deviation of the motion information, the larger the extension amount is used accordingly.

[0035] When there is terrain obstruction, radar attenuation, or missing local radar volume scan data, the uncertain range that can be determined will be included in the expansion amount; when an effective radar convection constraint range cannot be formed, the convection environment constraint will not participate in the current observation constraint set, and the missing radar convection observation data will not be used to exclude candidate lightning strike event states.

[0036] When a radar convection constraint range can be formed, the states of candidate lightning strike events located within the radar convection constraint range are retained. The positional relationship between the radar convection constraint range and the states of candidate lightning strike events is used to generate convection environment constraints, which are then transferred to the common feasible region determination stage.

[0037] The lightning protection data verification system receives the candidate lightning strike event state space and observation constraint set formed in the previous stage, and uses the observation constraint set to jointly screen the candidate lightning strike event states to form a common feasible region. When a common feasible region exists, the candidate lightning strike event states retained in it enter the lightning protection data verification result determination stage.

[0038] When the common feasible region is empty, the lightning protection data verification system switches to observation constraint conflict analysis, determining the conflict constraint set from the observation constraint set. For the target conflict constraint in the conflict constraint set, the system uses the observation constraints other than the target conflict constraint in the conflict constraint set to reconstruct the recoverable feasible region. Then, the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint is determined by reverse engineering the candidate lightning strike event states in the recoverable feasible region. The theoretical observation range is then passed on to the subsequent target conflict constraint correction stage.

[0039] In one embodiment, the lightning protection data verification system divides the candidate lightning strike event state space according to spatial and temporal dimensions, so that the candidate lightning strike event state space consists of multiple candidate state units. The granularity of the spatial dimension division is determined by combining the lightning strike location accuracy of the lightning protection data to be verified and the spatial resolution capability provided by the participating observation equipment. The granularity of the temporal dimension division is determined by combining the resolution of the lightning strike location time, the time synchronization accuracy of the participating location stations, and the temporal resolution capability of the multi-source observation data. The granularity of the division is not smaller than the location difference or time difference that can be actually distinguished under the current observation conditions, so as to avoid splitting the candidate lightning strike event state that cannot be distinguished by the observation data into candidate state units with no practical discriminative meaning.

[0040] Each candidate state unit stores its covered spatial location range and temporal range, and uses this spatial location range and temporal range as the unified object for screening in the observation constraint set. The lightning protection data verification system sequentially checks whether the candidate state units satisfy each observation constraint in the observation constraint set. For station propagation constraints, it determines whether there are candidate lightning strike event states within the candidate state unit whose absolute value of the difference between the theoretical arrival time difference and the measured arrival time difference is not greater than the station error boundary; for convective environment constraints, it determines whether the location and time covered by the candidate state unit fall within the radar convective constraint range. Electric field timing constraints and lightning protection response constraints perform the same intersection judgment according to their respective defined time and spatial ranges.

[0041] If a candidate state unit has no candidate lightning strike event states that can simultaneously satisfy any observation constraint, the candidate state unit is deleted from the current screening results; candidate state units that can still simultaneously satisfy the set of observation constraints are retained. When candidate state units with large spatial or temporal dimensions contain both parts that satisfy and do not satisfy the observation constraints, the granularity of the corresponding dimension can be reduced to further subdivide and the screening can be re-executed until the spatial and temporal resolution capabilities supported by the current multi-source observation data are achieved.

[0042] After the screening is completed, all retained candidate state units together form a common feasible region. An empty common feasible region indicates that the current observation constraint set cannot find a candidate lightning strike event state that can be simultaneously satisfied in the candidate lightning strike event state space. In this case, the lightning protection data to be verified is not directly determined as abnormal, but the observation constraint set is passed to the conflict constraint set determination process.

[0043] In one embodiment, when the common feasible region is empty, the lightning protection data verification system selects a subset of candidate constraints from the observation constraint set and verifies whether the subset of candidate constraints, after being applied to the state space of the candidate lightning strike event, still cannot form a non-empty feasible region. The subset of candidate constraints can start from the observation constraint set itself and be gradually reduced by deleting observation constraints that do not affect the infeasible state, so that the remaining observation constraints only contain the part necessary to maintain the current conflict state.

[0044] For the current subset of candidate constraints, the lightning protection data verification system uses the same candidate state unit screening method as the common feasible region determination process to perform feasibility verification. If, after the subset of candidate constraints is applied to the state space of the candidate lightning strike event, there are still no candidate state units that satisfy all observation constraints, the current subset of candidate constraints remains an empty feasible region.

[0045] While maintaining an empty feasible region, the lightning protection data verification system selects one observation constraint from the candidate constraint subset and temporarily removes it. The remaining candidate constraints then re-filter the state space of candidate lightning strike events. If the remaining candidate constraints still form an empty feasible region, it indicates that the currently removed observation constraint is not necessary to maintain the current conflict state, and therefore can be deleted from the candidate constraint subset. If the remaining candidate constraints can form a non-empty feasible region, it indicates that the currently removed observation constraint participated in forming the current conflict state, and therefore the observation constraint is retained.

[0046] The remaining observation constraints in the candidate constraint subset are checked according to the same rules until there are no observation constraints that can be deleted without changing the state of the empty feasible region. At this point, the candidate constraint subset itself forms an empty feasible region. After removing any observation constraint from the candidate constraint subset one by one, the remaining candidate constraints can all form non-empty feasible regions. The candidate constraint subset that satisfies this condition is determined as the conflict constraint set.

[0047] This process ensures that the conflict constraint set retains only the observation constraints that directly cause the current inconsistency, avoiding the inclusion of observation constraints unrelated to the current conflict in subsequent calculations of the recoverable feasible region. The resulting conflict constraint set is then passed on to the target conflict constraint selection and recoverable feasible region determination processes.

[0048] In one embodiment, when multiple observation constraints exist in the conflict constraint set, the lightning protection data verification system sequentially identifies each observation constraint in the conflict constraint set as the target conflict constraint, and identifies the observation constraints in the conflict constraint set other than the target conflict constraints as the remaining conflict constraints. Based on the remaining conflict constraints, the corresponding recoverable feasible region is determined, and based on the recoverable feasible region, the corresponding theoretical observation range is determined. Since the conflict constraint set satisfies the condition that a non-empty feasible region can be recovered after removing any observation constraint one by one, the remaining conflict constraints, when applied to the candidate lightning strike event state space, can retain at least one candidate lightning strike event state.

[0049] The lightning protection data verification system uses remaining conflict constraints to re-filter the state space of candidate lightning strike events, forming a recoverable feasible region from the candidate lightning strike event states that simultaneously satisfy all remaining conflict constraints. The recoverable feasible region represents the range of lightning strike locations and times that can be jointly supported by the remaining consistent observation constraints when the target conflict constraint is not applied. Therefore, subsequent judgments on the target conflict constraint do not rely on separately set statistical thresholds, but rather on the candidate lightning strike event states jointly defined by the remaining conflict constraints.

[0050] After the recoverable feasible region is formed, the lightning protection data verification system performs reverse calculations according to the observation type to which the target conflict constraint belongs. When the target conflict constraint is a station propagation constraint, the theoretical time difference of arrival that can be established is calculated for the candidate lightning strike event states in the recoverable feasible region, combined with the station positions of the participating positioning stations, and the range of theoretical time differences of arrival formed by different candidate lightning strike event states is summarized as the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint.

[0051] When the target conflict constraint is a convective environment constraint, the lightning strike location and time in the recoverable feasible region are mapped to adjacent radar volume scan data. Based on the convective region and its movement information, the radar convective constraint range that can cover the recoverable feasible region is determined, and this radar convective constraint range forms the theoretical observation range. When the target conflict constraint is an electric field timing constraint or a lightning protection response constraint, the theoretical observation range is determined using the lightning strike time in the recoverable feasible region and the acceptable time range of the corresponding observation data.

[0052] When multiple candidate lightning strike event states exist, instead of arbitrarily selecting a single candidate lightning strike event state from the recoverable feasible region, the observation range that can be generated by all candidate lightning strike event states within the recoverable feasible region is aggregated. The resulting theoretical observation range and the actual observation range limited by the target conflict constraint are jointly transferred to the target conflict constraint correction stage to determine the difference between the two and perform subsequent corrections.

[0053] The actual observation range defined by the target conflict constraint is determined by the multi-source observation data and its observation errors corresponding to the target conflict constraint. When the target conflict constraint defines the state of a candidate lightning strike event by time or time difference of arrival, the correction amount is determined based on the center difference between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range, and the actual observation range is shifted according to the correction amount. When the target conflict constraint defines the state of a candidate lightning strike event by spatial range, the correction amount is determined based on the geometric center displacement between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range, and the actual observation range is updated according to the correction amount. The target conflict constraint is then regenerated from the updated actual observation range.

[0054] The lightning protection data verification system receives the theoretical observation range, target conflict constraints, and observation constraint set generated in the previous stage. It compares the theoretical observation range with the actual observation range defined by the target conflict constraints, determines the differences between the two in terms of time or space, and uses these differences to correct the target conflict constraints. After correction, the corrected target conflict constraints replace the target conflict constraints in the observation constraint set, forming a corrected observation constraint set.

[0055] The lightning protection data verification system uses the corrected observation constraint set to re-filter the state space of candidate lightning strike events and update the common feasible region. It determines the lightning protection data verification result based on whether the common feasible region is empty, and uses the lightning protection data verification result as the verification output of the current lightning protection data to be verified.

[0056] In one embodiment, when determining the lightning protection data verification result, the lightning protection data verification system simultaneously retains the common feasible region determined based on the observation constraint set and the common feasible region updated based on the modified observation constraint set, and uses the empty set state of the two common feasible regions to distinguish between the multi-source constraint consistent result, the modified constraint consistent result, and the multi-source constraint inconsistent result.

[0057] If the common feasible region determined by the observation constraint set is non-empty, it indicates that there exists at least one candidate lightning strike event state in the candidate lightning strike event state space that simultaneously satisfies the observation constraint set. In this case, the target conflict constraint correction process is not initiated; the lightning protection data verification result is directly determined as the multi-source constraint consistency result. The candidate lightning strike event states retained in the common feasible region are used to characterize the location and time range within which the current lightning protection data to be verified can be supported by multi-source observation data.

[0058] When the common feasible region determined by the observation constraint set is empty, the lightning protection data verification system uses the difference between the theoretical observation range formed in the previous stage and the actual observation range limited by the target conflict constraint to complete the target conflict constraint correction, and replaces the original target conflict constraint in the observation constraint set with the corrected target conflict constraint. The corrected observation constraint set is then reapplied to the candidate lightning strike event state space, and the common feasible region is updated by the candidate lightning strike event states that satisfy the corrected observation constraint set.

[0059] When the updated common feasible region is not empty, it indicates that there is a conflict in the initial observation constraint set. However, after the target conflict constraint is corrected according to the theoretical observation range, a candidate lightning strike event state that can simultaneously satisfy the corrected observation constraint set reappears in the candidate lightning strike event state space. The lightning protection data verification result is determined as the result of the corrected constraint consistency.

[0060] If the common feasible region is still empty after a target conflict constraint has been corrected, the other observation constraints in the conflict constraint set are then treated as target conflict constraints. If all observation constraints in the conflict constraint set have been corrected as target conflict constraints, and the corresponding updated common feasible regions are all empty, it is determined that there are no target conflict constraints that, after correction, can make the common feasible region non-empty, and the lightning protection data verification result is determined to be a multi-source constraint inconsistency result. The lightning protection data verification system uses one of the three lightning protection data verification results as the verification output of the current lightning protection data to be verified, and ends the common feasible region update process of the current lightning protection data to be verified.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, a lightning protection data point to be verified is selected within the lightning protection monitoring area of ​​a certain transmission line for processing. The lightning strike location of the data to be verified is a local eastward coordinate of 12.8 km and a local northward coordinate of 8.6 km, with the lightning strike location time being 15:42:18.360 on May 18, 2026. The multi-source observation data associated with the lightning protection data to be verified includes lightning location observation data, radar convection observation data, electric field change observation data, and lightning protection object response data.

[0062] The positioning stations used are S0, S1, and S2. In this embodiment, the station position of S0 is 0km east and 0km north, the station position of S1 is 20km east and 0km north, and the station position of S2 is 0km east and 20km north. Figure 2 Used to represent the azimuth relationship of participating positioning stations relative to the state space of candidate lightning strike events, as well as the spatial relationship between radar convection observation data, lightning protection data to be verified, and lightning protection objects; when calculating station propagation constraints, the station position is directly read from the station position record in the lightning positioning observation data, and the position shown in the attached figure is not used to replace the station position calculation data.

[0063] Based on the allowable positional error of the current lightning location system, the spatial distribution of participating stations, and the number of valid stations with current positioning records, the spatial search half-width is determined to be 1.2 km. The spatial search range is defined with the lightning strike location in the lightning protection data to be verified as the center, with a local eastward coordinate range of 11.6–14.0 km and a local northward coordinate range of 7.4–9.8 km. Considering the time synchronization accuracy of the participating stations, the lightning signal arrival time extraction error, and the time resolution of the lightning protection data to be verified, 15:42:18.260–15:42:18.460 is determined as the time search range. The spatial search range and the time search range together form a candidate lightning strike event state space characterizing the lightning strike location and time.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the red border represents the state space of candidate lightning strike events, the blue range represents the radar convection constraint range, the blue and green dashed lines represent the convection regions corresponding to 15:40 and 15:45 respectively, the orange arrows represent the movement information of the convection regions, the red star marks represent the lightning protection data to be verified, and the purple square marks represent the lightning protection objects. Figure 2 The right side simultaneously records the current sample date and the time search range corresponding to the candidate lightning strike event state space.

[0065] The radar convection observation data used were adjacent radar volume scans generated at 15:40 and 15:45. The convection area at 15:40 covered a local eastward coordinate range of 11.2–12.8 km and a local northward coordinate range of 7.6–9.0 km; the convection area at 15:45 covered a local eastward coordinate range of 12.4–14.0 km and a local northward coordinate range of 7.9–9.3 km. The two radar volume scans were 300 s apart, and the lightning strike location time difference at 15:40 was 138.36 s, corresponding to a motion ratio of 0.4612.

[0066] Based on the positional changes between the two convective regions, the movement information of the convective region is determined. The convective region at 15:40 is time-registered according to the movement ratio to form a convective region position matching the lightning strike location time. Considering the radar grid resolution and the allowable spatial deviation of the convective region movement information, the periphery of the time-registered convective region is extended by 0.2 km to obtain a radar convection constraint range with local eastward coordinates of 11.55–13.55 km and local northward coordinates of 7.54–9.34 km. The convective environment constraint is then generated from the radar convection constraint range.

[0067] Electric field change observation data recorded an electric field change around 15:42:18.360. Considering the 0.02s time error of the electric field observation equipment, an electric field timing constraint was formed from 15:42:18.340 to 15:42:18.380. The response time recorded by the lightning protection object's response data was 15:42:18.440. Considering the allowable 0.12s response delay of the lightning protection object, a lightning protection response constraint was formed from 15:42:18.320 to 15:42:18.440. The 0.12s was determined based on the time resolution of the lightning protection object's response data acquisition terminal and the allowable delay of the communication record, and was used to limit the lightning strike time in candidate lightning strike event states.

[0068] In the lightning location observation data, the measured arrival time difference between S1 and S0 is -14.20 μs, and the measured arrival time difference between S2 and S0 is 10.20 μs. Considering the time synchronization accuracy of the participating positioning stations, the lightning signal arrival time extraction error, and the allowable propagation error, a station error boundary of ±1.00 μs is adopted for both measured arrival time differences. Therefore, the actual observation range corresponding to the propagation constraint of station S1 is -15.20 to -13.20 μs, and the actual observation range corresponding to the propagation constraint of station S2 is 9.20 to 11.20 μs.

[0069] After generating the observation constraint set, the candidate lightning strike event state space is divided according to spatial and temporal dimensions. The initial spatial division interval is 0.2 km, and the temporal division interval is 0.02 s. The spatial division interval is determined based on the location scale that the lightning strike location system can stably distinguish, and the temporal division interval is determined based on the temporal resolution supported by the multi-source observation data. When a candidate state unit contains both candidate lightning strike event states that satisfy and do not satisfy the observation constraints, the corresponding spatial range is further subdivided to 0.1 km.

[0070] This embodiment selects eight candidate state units that are directly related to conflict determination for explanation. Q01 corresponds to a local eastward coordinate of 12.8km, a local northward coordinate of 8.6km, and 15:42:18.360; Q02 corresponds to 12.7km, 7.6km, and 15:42:18.420; Q03 corresponds to 11.6km, 7.6km, and 15:42:18.360; Q04 corresponds to 12.7km, 8.5km, and 15:42:18.340; Q05 corresponds to 12.9km, 8.4km, and 15:42:18.380; Q06 corresponds to 12.3km, 9.1km, and 15:42:18.340; Q07 corresponds to 13.4km, 7.6km, and 15:42:18.420; Q08 corresponds to 11.9km, 8.6km, and 15:42:18.400.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal axis Q01 to Q08 represent candidate state cells, and the vertical axis represents the propagation constraints of station S1, propagation constraints of station S2, electric field timing constraints, convection environment constraints, and lightning protection response constraints, respectively. Green cells indicate that the corresponding observation constraints are met, and red cells indicate that the corresponding observation constraints are not met.

[0072] Q01 satisfies the propagation constraints, electric field timing constraints, convection environment constraints, and lightning protection response constraints of station S1, but not the propagation constraints of station S2; Q02 satisfies both the propagation constraints of station S1 and station S2, but not the electric field timing constraints; Q03 satisfies the propagation constraints of station S2 and the electric field timing constraints, but not the propagation constraints of station S1; Q04 and Q05 satisfy the propagation constraints of station S1 and the electric field timing constraints, but neither satisfies the propagation constraints of station S2. Q06, Q07, and Q08 follow... Figure 3 The selection relationship is used in the common feasible region determination. All 8 candidate state units satisfy the convection environment constraint and lightning protection response constraint.

[0073] After filtering candidate state units using all observation constraints, there are no candidate state units that simultaneously satisfy the set of observation constraints. Therefore, the common feasible region determined based on the set of observation constraints is empty.

[0074] When the common feasible region is empty, conflict constraint set determination is performed on the observation constraint set. After removing the convective environment constraint from the candidate constraint subset, the feasible region is still empty; after removing the lightning protection response constraint from the candidate constraint subset, the feasible region is also still empty. Therefore, the convective environment constraint and the lightning protection response constraint are not observation constraints that are indispensable for maintaining the current conflict state.

[0075] We continued to remove the propagation constraints from station S1, station S2, and the electric field timing constraint one by one. After removing the propagation constraint from station S1, Q03 satisfies the remaining observation constraints; after removing the propagation constraint from station S2, Q01, Q04, and Q05 satisfy the remaining observation constraints; after removing the electric field timing constraint, Q02 satisfies the remaining observation constraints. Therefore, the feasible region corresponding to the candidate constraint subset composed of the propagation constraints from station S1, station S2, and the electric field timing constraint is empty, while removing any one of these observation constraints one by one yields a non-empty feasible region. This candidate constraint subset is thus identified as the conflict constraint set.

[0076] In this embodiment, the propagation constraint of station S2 is selected as the target conflict constraint. For example... Figure 4As shown, the conflict constraint set consists of the propagation constraints of station S1, station S2, and electric field timing constraints. After determining the propagation constraint of station S2 as the target conflict constraint, the remaining conflict constraints are the propagation constraints of station S1 and the electric field timing constraints. The remaining conflict constraints are reapplied to the state space of the candidate lightning strike events. Q01, Q04, and Q05 satisfy all the remaining conflict constraints. Therefore, Q01, Q04, and Q05 constitute the recoverable feasible region.

[0077] For Q01, Q04, and Q05 in the recoverable feasible region, the theoretical arrival time difference of S2 relative to S0 is calculated based on the station locations in the lightning location observation data. The propagation distance difference corresponding to Q01 is 1.720 km, which, converted using the lightning signal propagation speed of 0.299792 km / μs, yields a theoretical arrival time difference of 5.74 μs. Using the same calculation method, the theoretical arrival time difference corresponding to Q04 is 6.17 μs, and the theoretical arrival time difference corresponding to Q05 is 6.52 μs.

[0078] The theoretical arrival time difference range formed by Q01, Q04, and Q05 is 5.74–6.52 μs. This range is defined as the theoretical observation range for the propagation constraint at station S2. The center of this theoretical observation range is 6.13 μs. The original actual observation range for the propagation constraint at station S2 was 9.20–11.20 μs, with the center of the actual observation range at 10.20 μs, resulting in a difference of 4.07 μs between the two centers.

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, the blue area represents the theoretical observation range, with Q01, Q04, and Q05 corresponding to 5.74 μs, 6.17 μs, and 6.52 μs, respectively; the red area represents the actual observation range of 9.20–11.20 μs; and the orange double-headed arrow represents the central difference of 4.07 μs.

[0080] The propagation constraint of the S2 station was corrected by using the central difference of 4.07 μs. The actual observation range was shifted by 4.07 μs along the direction of the theoretical observation range to obtain a range of 5.13 to 7.13 μs. Figure 5 The range is marked as the "corrected actual observation range", which is used to generate the corrected propagation constraints for the S2 station.

[0081] The original S2 station propagation constraints in the observation constraint set are replaced with the corrected S2 station propagation constraints to form the corrected observation constraint set. When the corrected observation constraint set is applied again to the state space of the candidate lightning strike event, the values ​​of 5.74 μs for Q01, 6.17 μs for Q04, and 6.52 μs for Q05 all fall within the corrected actual observation range of 5.13–7.13 μs. Simultaneously, Q01, Q04, and Q05 continue to satisfy the S1 station propagation constraints, electric field timing constraints, convection environment constraints, and lightning protection response constraints. Therefore, the updated common feasible region consists of Q01, Q04, and Q05.

[0082] The common feasible region determined by the observation constraint set is empty, while the common feasible region updated by the modified observation constraint set is not empty. Therefore, the lightning protection data verification result of the current lightning protection data to be verified is determined as the result of the modified constraint consistency.

[0083] This result indicates that the current lightning protection data to be verified still contains candidate lightning event states that can simultaneously satisfy multi-source observation data, with initial conflicts mainly concentrated in the propagation constraints of station S2. By forming a recoverable feasible region through the remaining conflict constraints, and then using this recoverable feasible region to inversely determine the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraints, the location of observation conflicts, the correction of target conflict constraints, and the redetering of the common feasible region can all be completed within the same candidate lightning event state space. The lightning protection data verification system simultaneously records the target conflict constraints, the theoretical observation range, the actual observation range before and after correction, and the updated common feasible region as verification records for the current lightning protection data to be verified.

[0084] like Figure 6 As shown, a lightning protection data verification system based on multi-source constraints includes the following modules.

[0085] The constraint construction module consists of a data interface, a processor, and a memory. The data interface is used to receive the lightning protection data to be verified and its associated multi-source observation data. The memory is used to store the received data and the generated observation constraint set. The processor is used to establish the state space of candidate lightning strike events and generate the observation constraint set.

[0086] The conflict verification module consists of a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store the state space of candidate lightning strike events, the set of observation constraints, and intermediate data during the calculation of the feasible region. The processor is used to determine the common feasible region, the set of conflict constraints, and the recoverable feasible region, and to determine the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraints based on the recoverable feasible region.

[0087] The result determination module consists of a processor, a memory, and a result output interface. The processor is used to correct the target conflict constraints based on the difference between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range limited by the target conflict constraints, and to update the common feasible region based on the corrected observation constraint set. The memory is used to store the corrected observation constraint set and the common feasible region, and the result output interface is used to output the lightning protection data verification results.

[0088] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0089] The various embodiments in this invention are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

Claims

1. A lightning protection data verification method based on multi-source constraints, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire the lightning protection data to be verified and its associated multi-source observation data, establish a candidate lightning strike event state space representing the location and time of lightning strikes based on the lightning protection data to be verified, and convert the multi-source observation data into an observation constraint set; A common feasible region is determined based on the observation constraint set; when the common feasible region is empty, a conflict constraint set is determined from the observation constraint set, a target conflict constraint is determined from the conflict constraint set, and a recovery feasible region is determined based on the observation constraints in the conflict constraint set other than the target conflict constraint. The theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint is determined based on the recoverable feasible region, and the target conflict constraint is corrected based on the difference between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range defined by the target conflict constraint. The common feasible region is updated based on the corrected set of observation constraints. The lightning protection data verification result is determined based on the common feasible region.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of establishing a candidate lightning strike event state space representing the location and time of a lightning strike based on the lightning protection data to be verified includes: determining the lightning strike location and the lightning strike location time from the lightning protection data to be verified; determining a spatial search range based on the lightning strike location; determining a temporal search range based on the lightning strike location time; and establishing the candidate lightning strike event state space based on the spatial search range and the temporal search range.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source observation data includes at least two of the following: lightning location observation data, radar convection observation data, electric field change observation data, and lightning protection object response data. Converting the multi-source observation data into an observation constraint set includes: converting observation data belonging to different observation types from the multi-source observation data into observation constraints matching the observation type, and generating the observation constraint set based on the observation constraints. The observation constraint set includes at least two of the following: station propagation constraints generated from the lightning location observation data, convection environment constraints generated from the radar convection observation data, electric field time series constraints generated from the electric field change observation data, and lightning protection response constraints generated from the lightning protection object response data.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The observation constraint set includes the station propagation constraint, which is determined based on the measured time difference of arrival of the lightning signal received by the participating positioning stations, the station location of the participating positioning stations, and the station error boundary. The station propagation constraint is used to limit the candidate lightning event states in the candidate lightning event state space where the absolute value of the difference between the theoretical time difference and the measured time difference is not greater than the station error boundary.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The observation constraint set includes the convective environment constraint, which is generated based on the radar convective constraint range. The radar convective constraint range is determined based on the convective regions in adjacent radar volume scan data and the movement information of the convective regions. The convective environment constraint is used to limit the candidate lightning strike event states located within the radar convective constraint range in the candidate lightning strike event state space.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the common feasible region based on the observation constraint set includes: dividing the state space of the candidate lightning strike event according to the spatial and temporal dimensions to obtain multiple candidate state units; filtering the multiple candidate state units according to the observation constraint set, and forming the common feasible region by the candidate state units that satisfy the observation constraint set.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the conflict constraint set from the observation constraint set includes: determining a candidate constraint subset from the observation constraint set; and determining the candidate constraint subset as the conflict constraint set when the feasible domain obtained by the candidate constraint subset acting on the state space of the candidate lightning strike event is empty, and after removing each observation constraint one by one from the candidate constraint subset, the feasible domains obtained by the remaining candidate constraints acting on the state space of the candidate lightning strike event are all non-empty.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the recoverable feasible region based on the observation constraints other than the target conflict constraint in the conflict constraint set, and determining the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint based on the recoverable feasible region, includes: determining the observation constraints other than the target conflict constraint in the conflict constraint set as the remaining conflict constraints; determining the recoverable feasible region in the candidate lightning strike event state space based on the remaining conflict constraints; and determining the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint in reverse based on the candidate lightning strike event states in the recoverable feasible region.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the lightning protection data verification result based on the common feasible region includes: determining the lightning protection data verification result as a multi-source constraint consistency result when the common feasible region determined based on the observation constraint set is not empty; determining the lightning protection data verification result as a corrected constraint consistency result when the common feasible region determined based on the observation constraint set is empty, and the common feasible region updated based on the corrected observation constraint set is not empty; and determining the lightning protection data verification result as a multi-source constraint inconsistency result when the common feasible region determined based on the observation constraint set is empty, and there is no target conflict constraint in the conflict constraint set that, after correction, can make the updated common feasible region not empty.

10. A lightning protection data verification system based on multi-source constraints, used to implement the lightning protection data verification method based on multi-source constraints as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The system includes: The constraint construction module is used to acquire the lightning protection data to be verified and its associated multi-source observation data, establish a candidate lightning strike event state space representing the location and time of lightning strikes based on the lightning protection data to be verified, and convert the multi-source observation data into an observation constraint set; The conflict verification module is used to determine a common feasible region based on the observation constraint set; when the common feasible region is empty, it determines a conflict constraint set from the observation constraint set, determines a target conflict constraint from the conflict constraint set, and determines a recoverable feasible region based on the observation constraints in the conflict constraint set other than the target conflict constraint, and determines the theoretical observation range of the target conflict constraint based on the recoverable feasible region. The result determination module is used to, when the common feasible region is empty, correct the target conflict constraint based on the difference between the theoretical observation range and the actual observation range defined by the target conflict constraint, update the common feasible region based on the corrected observation constraint set, and determine the lightning protection data verification result based on the common feasible region.

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