A non-destructive observation and linkage correction method and system for a neutral atomic quantum gate

Abstract

The application discloses a non-destructive observation and linkage correction method and system of a neutral atomic quantum gate. The method comprises: obtaining a target gate execution object set in a quantum gate execution sequence; constructing an auxiliary observation system isolated from the target gate execution object set in at least one of the following: spatial position, energy level structure, isotope type, transition channel, readout window, readout waveband, control light path or optical field action region; obtaining observation data related to the target gate execution process through the auxiliary observation system in the gate post-detection window, gate sequence interval window, adjacent quantum gate execution interval or batch-level observation window; generating a linkage correction trigger signal based on the observation data, threshold value, error budget, correlation condition or abnormal persistence condition; determining a preset insertion window and correction permission state according to the observation collection time, trigger judgment time, control instruction issuance time and target gate next execution time; inserting a correction operation in the preset insertion window when the correction permission state is satisfied, and entering batch-level correction, re-calibration or control face write-back when the correction permission state is not satisfied; and updating the observation parameters, trigger threshold value or correction control parameters based on the corrected gate execution result. The application does not take the readout result of the target gate execution object set main quantum state as the source of the linkage correction trigger signal, which is beneficial to form a gate correction closed loop constrained by the insertion window and time delay budget.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of quantum computing technology, specifically relating to a non-destructive observation and linkage correction method and system for neutral atom quantum gates. In particular, it relates to a method and system for obtaining observation data related to the gate execution state based on an auxiliary observation system isolated from the target gate execution object set during the execution of a neutral atom quantum gate, and performing insertion correction and control surface write-back on subsequent quantum gate execution cycles when preset insertion windows, delay budgets and triggering conditions are met. Background Technology

[0002] Neutral atom quantum computing typically utilizes optical tweezers arrays, optical dipole traps, or optical lattices to trap individual neutral atoms, and implements single-qubit, two-qubit, or multi-qubit gates through Rydberg state interactions, optical clock transitions, microwave actuation, or other coherent manipulation methods. This approach offers advantages such as good natural uniformity of qubits, large potential for array scaling, strong rearrangement capability, and suitability for regionalized logic layouts.

[0003] During the execution of neutral atom quantum gates, target atom pairs, target atom regions, or target quantum gate operation units may be affected by neighboring atoms, non-target atoms, non-target light fields, well field drift, readout window changes, or excitation pulse mismatch, resulting in crosstalk excitation, phase drift, increased gate error, atom loss, readout inconsistency, or local region error accumulation. With the shortening of gate operation time, the increase in the number of parallel gates, and the introduction of quantum error correction cycles, a single offline calibration is insufficient to cover the entire gate execution state. The system needs to obtain observational data reflecting the current system state before gate execution, after gate execution, between gate sequences, or during batch-level operation, and use this observational data for control updates in subsequent gate cycles.

[0004] In existing solutions, some techniques obtain state information by selectively reading out the target atom, using fluorescence imaging, mid-course measurement, or auxiliary qubit readout. Other solutions utilize auxiliary atoms, auxiliary isotopes, auxiliary energy levels, or cavity-assisted readout to reduce perturbations to the unmeasured object. While these techniques provide a basis for readout or feedforward, in specific gate control engineering, issues remain regarding whether the observation results fall within subsequent gate periods, whether corrections will perturb the current target gate master quantum state, how to degrade when delay budgets are exceeded, and how to write correction parameters back to subsequent control surfaces.

[0005] Other solutions reduce addressing errors by improving optical path addressing, common fiber, waveguide arrays, or multi-channel optical transmission structures. However, these solutions mainly address issues of optical path transmission, optical field alignment, or addressing channel consistency, and cannot directly solve the problems of insertion correction triggered by isolated auxiliary observation results, limited correction window, and parameter write-back in the quantum gate execution cycle.

[0006] Therefore, a non-destructive observation and linkage correction method and system for neutral atom quantum gates is needed. The auxiliary observation data should be limited to one of the inputs for gate period insertion correction. The method should be combined with insertion window, time delay budget, false trigger suppression and control surface write-back rules to reduce the risk of crosstalk, phase drift and gate error accumulation in subsequent gate periods. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a non-destructive observation and linkage correction method and system for neutral atom quantum gates, in order to solve the problems in the existing neutral atom quantum gate control process, such as the target quantum state not being suitable for direct observation by destructive master readout, the difficulty in controlling the auxiliary observation results to enter the gate period correction process, the lack of constraints on the correction insertion timing, and the inability of ordinary addressing compensation to reflect the gate execution state error.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a non-destructive observation and linkage correction method for neutral atom quantum gates, comprising: Obtain the set of target gate execution objects in the quantum gate execution sequence, wherein the set of target gate execution objects includes target atom pairs, target atom regions, or target quantum gate operation units; Based on the target gate execution object set, an auxiliary observation system is constructed that is isolated from the target gate execution object set in the physical state evolution path. The phase isolation includes at least one of the following: spatial location, energy level structure, isotope type, transition channel, readout window, readout band, control optical path, or optical field action region. In the gate detection window, the inter-gate sequence window, the adjacent quantum gate execution interval, or the batch-level observation window, the auxiliary observation system acquires observation data related to the quantum gate execution process of the target gate execution object set. The observation data includes at least one of the following: crosstalk excitation probability estimate, phase drift estimate, gate error indication, or auxiliary system response signal. Based on the comparison results between the observation data and the preset error threshold, preset phase tolerance window or preset error budget, and in combination with the preset correlation condition or preset anomaly persistence condition, a linkage correction trigger signal is generated. The linkage correction trigger signal is generated by the observation data generated by the auxiliary observation system, and does not use the target quantum state readout result obtained by performing a destructive master readout on the target gate execution object set as the trigger source. Based on the auxiliary observation acquisition time, trigger judgment time, control command issuance time, and the next execution time of the target gate, a preset insertion window is determined, and a correction permission status is generated; When the correction permission status indicates that the sum of the auxiliary observation acquisition time, the trigger determination time, and the control command issuance time does not exceed the available time corresponding to the preset insertion window, in response to the linkage correction trigger signal, at least one correction operation is inserted in the preset insertion window in the subsequent quantum gate execution cycle or the adjacent quantum gate execution interval. The correction operation includes at least one of the following: phase compensation operation, gate timing correction operation, gate delay correction operation, laser pulse shaping correction operation, or dynamic suppression optical field parameter correction operation. When the calibration permission status indicates that the available time is insufficient, the observation data, the linkage calibration trigger signal and the timeout status are written into the batch-level calibration, recalibration or control plane write-back process, instead of inserting a real-time calibration operation into the execution window of the currently protected target gate. Based on the gate execution result after the correction operation, update the observation parameters of the auxiliary observation system, the trigger threshold of the linkage correction trigger signal, or the control parameters of the correction operation.

[0009] In one implementation, the observation process of the auxiliary observation system does not use the readout result that disrupts the master quantum state of the target gate execution object set as the source of the linkage correction trigger signal. The linkage correction trigger signal is generated based on the gate execution state-related observation data obtained by the auxiliary observation system, rather than solely based on addressing channel propagation error or channel mismatch parameters.

[0010] This application also provides a non-destructive observation and linkage correction system for neutral atom quantum gates, including an execution object determination module, an auxiliary observation system construction module, a non-destructive observation acquisition module, a linkage correction trigger determination module, a gate period insertion correction module, and a feedback update module.

[0011] The execution object determination module is used to obtain the set of target gate execution objects in the quantum gate execution sequence; the auxiliary observation system construction module is used to construct an auxiliary observation system isolated from the target gate execution object set in the physical state evolution path; the non-destructive observation acquisition module is used to acquire observation data through the auxiliary observation system in the gate detection window, the window between gate sequences, the interval between adjacent quantum gate executions, or the batch-level observation window; the linkage correction trigger determination module is used to generate a linkage correction trigger signal based on the observation data, and determine the preset insertion window and correction permission state according to the auxiliary observation acquisition time, trigger determination time, control command issuance time, and the next execution time of the target gate; the gate periodic insertion correction module is used to insert a correction operation when the correction permission state is satisfied, and switch to batch-level correction, recalibration, or control surface write-back process when the correction permission state is not satisfied; the feedback update module is used to update the observation parameters, trigger threshold, or correction control parameters.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: First, this application obtains observational data related to the gate execution state through an auxiliary observation system that is isolated from at least one of the target gate execution object set in space, energy level, isotope, transition channel, readout window, readout band, control optical path, or optical field region, rather than directly relying on the master readout result that destroys the master quantum state of the target gate execution object set as the trigger source; Second, this application combines auxiliary observation data, preset thresholds, preset error budgets, preset correlation conditions or abnormal persistence conditions to generate a linkage correction trigger signal, so that the observation results can be controlled to enter the gate period correction process, rather than just being used as offline diagnosis or post-event statistical records. Third, this application determines the preset insertion window based on the auxiliary observation acquisition time, trigger judgment time, control command issuance time and the next execution time of the target gate, and switches to batch-level correction, recalibration or control surface write-back process when the time delay budget is not met, thereby reducing the risk of the correction operation disturbing the evolution of the current target gate master quantum state; Fourth, this application associates and stores observation data, linkage correction trigger signals, correction permission status, correction operation and correction backdoor execution results, thereby updating observation parameters, trigger thresholds or correction control parameters, which is conducive to forming a control surface closed loop applicable to multi-gate cycles, multi-regions or quantum error correction cycles; Fifth, this application does not require multi-channel co-path fiber addressing structure, waveguide array addressing structure or common-mode noise suppression structure as necessary conditions. Its focus is on protecting the controlled link of the auxiliary observation data entering the gate period insertion window, time delay budget and control plane write-back process. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the non-destructive observation and linkage correction system for neutral atom quantum gates provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the isolation relationship between the target gate execution object set and the auxiliary observation system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 A timing diagram illustrating gate cycle insertion correction provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the relationship between observation data, linkage correction trigger signal, correction operation, and feedback update provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0014] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 100. Non-destructive observation and linkage correction system; 110. Execution object determination module; 120. Auxiliary observation system construction module; 121. Auxiliary atom selection unit; 122. Auxiliary energy level selection unit; 123. Auxiliary transition channel configuration unit; 124. Auxiliary readout window configuration unit; 125. Observation area selection unit; 130. Non-destructive observation acquisition module; 131. Low-loss imaging unit; 132. State-selective detection unit; 133. Auxiliary atom readout unit; 134. Auxiliary energy level readout unit; 135. Statistical sampling unit; 140. Linkage correction trigger determination module; 141. Threshold Comparison Unit; 142. Error Budget Comparison Unit; 143. Trend Detection Unit; 144. Phase Window Determination Unit; 145. Anomaly Persistence Determination Unit; 150. Gate Period Insertion Correction Module; 151. Phase Compensation Unit; 152. Gate Delay Correction Unit; 153. Local Well Field Intensity Adjustment Unit; 154. Laser Pulse Shaping Correction Unit; 155. Dynamic Suppression Optical Field Parameter Correction Unit; 156. Readout Window Correction Unit; 160. Feedback Update Module; 170. Gate Scheduling Interface Module; 180. Error Budget Interface Module; 190. Control Surface Write-back Module; 210. Target gate execution object set; 211. Target atom pair; 212. Target atom region; 213. Target quantum gate operation unit; 220. Auxiliary observation system; 221. Auxiliary atom; 222. Auxiliary energy level; 223. Auxiliary isotope; 224. Auxiliary transition channel; 225. Auxiliary readout region; 226. Readout band isolation structure; 227. Control optical path isolation structure; 230. Observation data; 240. Linkage correction trigger signal; 250. Correction operation; 260. Observation parameters; 270. Trigger threshold; 280. Correction control parameters; 290. Correction permission state; 291. Timeout state; 292. Preset correlation conditions; 293. Preset anomaly persistence conditions; 310. Quantum gate execution cycle; 320. Execution interval between adjacent quantum gates; 330. Preset insertion window; 331. Observation and acquisition time; 332. Trigger determination time; 333. Control command issuance time; 334. Delay budget; 340. Batch-level calibration, recalibration, or control surface write-back process. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, appropriate adjustments can be made to the specific structures, parameters, atomic systems and control timing in the embodiments without departing from the concept of the present application.

[0016] Example 1: Overall System Structure See Figure 1 This application provides a non-destructive observation and linkage correction system 100 for neutral atom quantum gates. The system 100 includes an execution object determination module 110, an auxiliary observation system construction module 120, a non-destructive observation acquisition module 130, a linkage correction trigger determination module 140, a gate period insertion correction module 150, and a feedback update module 160.

[0017] The execution object determination module 110 is used to obtain the target gate execution object set 210 in the quantum gate execution sequence. The target gate execution object set 210 may include target atom pairs 211, target atom regions 212, or target quantum gate operation units 213. The target gate execution object set 210 may come from a quantum gate scheduling system, a quantum circuit compilation system, a regionalized gate operation plan, or an online control plane, and may correspond to a single quantum gate, a batch of parallel quantum gates, a gate operation region, or a set of verification gates in a quantum error correction loop.

[0018] The auxiliary observation system construction module 120 is used to construct an auxiliary observation system 220 based on the target gate execution object set 210. The auxiliary observation system 220 is isolated from the target gate execution object set 210 in terms of physical state evolution path. The isolation in terms of physical state evolution path may include at least one of the following: spatial location isolation, energy level structure isolation, isotope type isolation, transition channel isolation, readout window isolation, readout band isolation, control optical path isolation, or optical field action region isolation.

[0019] The non-destructive observation acquisition module 130 is used to acquire observation data 230 related to the quantum gate execution process of the target gate execution object set 210 through the auxiliary observation system 220 in the gate detection window, the inter-gate sequence window, the adjacent quantum gate execution interval 320, or the batch-level observation window. The observation data 230 may include at least one of the following: crosstalk excitation probability estimate, phase drift estimate, gate error indication, or auxiliary system response signal.

[0020] The linkage correction trigger determination module 140 is used to generate a linkage correction trigger signal 240 based on the comparison results between the observation data 230 and a preset error threshold, a preset phase tolerance window, or a preset error budget, and in combination with preset correlation conditions or preset anomaly persistence conditions. The linkage correction trigger determination module 140 is also used to determine the preset insertion window 330 and the correction permission status based on the auxiliary observation acquisition time, trigger determination time, control command issuance time, and the next execution time of the target gate.

[0021] The gate-period insertion correction module 150 is used to respond to the linkage correction trigger signal 240 when the correction permission state is met, and insert at least one correction operation 250 within a preset insertion window 330 in the subsequent quantum gate execution cycle 310 or the adjacent quantum gate execution interval 320. The feedback update module 160 is used to associate and store the observation data 230, the linkage correction trigger signal 240, the correction permission state, the correction operation 250, and the post-correction gate execution result, and update the observation parameters 260, the trigger threshold 270, or the correction control parameters 280.

[0022] In this embodiment, the observation process of the auxiliary observation system 220 does not use the readout result of destroying the main quantum state of the target gate execution object set 210 as the source of the linkage correction trigger signal 240. The linkage correction trigger signal 240 is generated based on the gate execution state related observation data 230 obtained by the auxiliary observation system 220, rather than solely based on the addressing channel propagation error or channel mismatch parameters.

[0023] Example 2: Isolation Construction of Auxiliary Observation System See Figure 2 In one implementation, the target gate execution object set 210 includes two target atoms, which are used to execute controlled phase gates, CZ gates, Rydberg blocking gates, single-qubit rotation gates, or verification gates in quantum error correction loops. The auxiliary observation system 220 includes one or more auxiliary atoms 221 located in the vicinity of the target atom pair. The auxiliary atoms 221 do not serve as data qubits for the current target quantum gate operation, but are used to sense crosstalk, light shifts, non-target excitations, or local field drift that may occur in the surrounding area during the execution of the target quantum gate.

[0024] In another embodiment, the auxiliary observation system 220 includes an auxiliary energy level 222. The auxiliary energy level 222 can be separated from the main logic state of the data qubits in terms of energy level structure. The system can estimate phase drift, optical field drift, or well field changes generated during target gate execution by observing changes in the response of the auxiliary energy level 222. Since the auxiliary energy level 222 does not constitute the main logic state of the target gate execution object set 210, the readout of the auxiliary energy level 222 does not require the destruction of the main quantum state of the target gate execution object set 210 as a necessary condition.

[0025] In another implementation, the auxiliary observation system 220 includes an auxiliary isotope 223. For example, in a neutral atom system with different isotopes, the auxiliary isotope 223 can be used for low-loss observation or environmental response characterization. The auxiliary isotope 223 can be in the same or similar physical environment as the target data atoms, but its readout channel, transition channel, readout band, or optical field region is isolated from the target gate execution object set 210.

[0026] In another embodiment, the auxiliary observation system 220 includes an auxiliary transition path 224 or an auxiliary readout region 225. The auxiliary transition path 224 can be selected as a transition path with low impact on the main logic state of the target gate execution object set 210. The auxiliary readout region 225 can be located around the target gate execution region to obtain regional crosstalk or readout consistency information.

[0027] The term "non-destructive observation" as used in this application does not require all implementations to achieve quantum non-destructive measurement in a strict sense. Rather, it means that the observation does not use the main quantum state of the target gate execution object set 210 as the source of the linkage correction trigger signal 240, and the observation process does not require obtaining real-time feedback by performing a destructive main readout on the target gate execution object set 210.

[0028] Example 3: Acquisition of Observational Data The non-destructive observation acquisition module 130 may include at least one of the following: a low-loss imaging unit 131, a state-selective detection unit 132, an auxiliary atom readout unit 133, an auxiliary energy level readout unit 134, or a statistical sampling unit 135.

[0029] In one embodiment, the low-loss imaging unit 131 performs low-loss imaging on the auxiliary observation system 220 to obtain response signals from the auxiliary atom 221 or the auxiliary readout region 225. The response signals can be used to estimate the non-target excitation probability, atom loss probability, or optical field drift near the target gate execution region.

[0030] In another implementation, the state-selective detection unit 132 performs state-selective detection on the auxiliary energy level 222 or the auxiliary transition channel 224 to estimate the phase drift or local field change during the execution of the target quantum gate.

[0031] In another implementation, the statistical sampling unit 135 statistically samples the response of the auxiliary observation system 220 across multiple gate cycles or multiple gate batches, generating trend observation data. This trend observation data can reduce the impact of single anomalies on the linkage correction trigger signal 240, making the system more suitable for robust correction between gate sequences, at the batch level, or in quantum error correction loops.

[0032] The observation data 230 can be used alone or combined to form a gate error budget term. If the preset correlation condition between the observation data 230 and the target gate execution error is not met, the system can record the observation data 230 as a pending verification status, a batch-level calibration clue, or an auxiliary observation system replacement clue, instead of generating a linkage correction trigger signal 240 for real-time insertion correction.

[0033] Example 4: Linkage Correction Trigger Determination The linkage correction trigger determination module 140 may include at least one of the following: threshold comparison unit 141, error budget comparison unit 142, trend detection unit 143, phase window determination unit 144, or abnormal persistence determination unit 145.

[0034] In one embodiment, the threshold comparison unit 141 compares the estimated crosstalk excitation probability with a preset crosstalk threshold. When the estimated crosstalk excitation probability exceeds the preset crosstalk threshold, and the observation data 230 corresponding to the auxiliary observation system 220 meets the preset correlation condition, a linkage correction trigger signal 240 is generated.

[0035] In another implementation, the phase window determination unit 144 compares the phase drift estimate with a preset phase tolerance window. When the phase drift estimate exceeds the preset phase tolerance window, and the observation data 230 in multiple consecutive gate periods or multiple gate batches meet the abnormal persistence condition, a linkage correction trigger signal 240 is generated.

[0036] In another implementation, the error budget comparison unit 142 compares the door error indication with a preset error budget. When the door error indication exceeds the preset error budget, the linkage correction trigger determination module 140 further checks whether the preset insertion window 330 has sufficient available time. If the available time is insufficient, a real-time correction operation is not inserted into the current target door execution window.

[0037] Therefore, the linkage correction trigger determination module 140 can not only generate a trigger signal based on a single threshold exceeding the limit, but also generate a trigger signal based on trend error, continuous anomaly, correlation conditions and time delay budget, thereby reducing the probability of false triggering.

[0038] Example 5: Gate Period Insertion Correction See Figure 3 In response to the linkage correction trigger signal 240, the gate cycle insertion correction module 150 inserts at least one correction operation 250 within the preset insertion window 330 in the subsequent quantum gate execution cycle 310 or the adjacent quantum gate execution interval 320.

[0039] The correction operation 250 may include at least one of phase compensation operation, gate timing correction operation, gate delay correction operation, laser pulse shaping correction operation, or dynamic suppression optical field parameter correction operation. In other embodiments, the correction operation 250 may also include a local well field intensity adjustment operation or a readout window correction operation.

[0040] In one implementation, the phase compensation unit 151 determines the phase compensation amount based on the mapping relationship between the phase drift estimate, the historical gate error distribution and the current target gate type, and inserts the phase compensation amount into the subsequent gate cycle.

[0041] In another embodiment, the gate delay correction unit 152 determines the gate delay correction amount based on the crosstalk excitation probability estimate, the dynamic suppression optical field response time, the excitation pulse envelope, or the auxiliary observation system response time, and corrects the trigger time, pulse edge, or suppression optical field injection time in subsequent gate execution cycles.

[0042] In another embodiment, the laser pulse shaping and correction unit 154 corrects at least one of the amplitude, frequency, phase, rising edge, falling edge, pulse width, or pulse interval of the excitation light pulse. The dynamic suppression light field parameter correction unit 155 corrects at least one of the intensity, frequency, phase, injection delay, duration, or turn-off time of the dynamic suppression light field.

[0043] The preset insertion window 330 can be located between adjacent quantum gate execution cycles, between adjacent gate batches, within the gate sequence calibration window, or within the time window corresponding to an idle region that is not involved in the current gate operation. By limiting the preset insertion window 330, the perturbation of the correction operation 250 on the evolution of the main quantum state of the current target gate execution object set 210 can be reduced.

[0044] Example 6: Feedback Updates and Log Consolidation See Figure 4 The feedback update module 160 associates and stores the observation data 230, the linkage correction trigger signal 240, the correction permission status, the correction operation 250, and the correction backdoor execution result. The associated storage result may include the identifier of the target gate execution object set 210, the gate type, the gate cycle number, the configuration of the auxiliary observation system 220, the observation data 230, the trigger threshold 270, the correction control parameters 280, the execution time window of the correction operation 250, the correction permission status, and the correction backdoor execution result.

[0045] The result of the correction backdoor execution can come from at least one of the following: subsequent auxiliary observation data, verification gate results in the quantum error correction loop, gate batch statistics, final readout statistics, random benchmark statistics, cross-entropy statistics, or output results from the online verification module. Therefore, even without performing a destructive master readout on the target gate execution object set 210, the system can still update the observation parameters 260, trigger threshold 270, or correction control parameters 280 based on subsequent statistics or verification information.

[0046] The feedback update module 160 updates the mapping relationship between the observation parameter 260 and the correction control parameter 280 based on the associated storage results, and uses the updated mapping relationship in subsequent quantum gate execution cycles 310. The mapping relationship can be at least one of the following: a lookup table relationship, a piecewise function, a linear model, a regression model, a model prediction control relationship, or a predictor generated based on historical calibration data.

[0047] In one implementation, the feedback update module 160 updates the trigger threshold 270 based on the observation data 230 and the execution result of the corrected gate in multiple gate cycles. When the system continuously observes an increase in the probability of crosstalk excitation in a certain region, the trigger threshold 270 can be reduced; when the system observes a decrease in the correlation between the response of a certain auxiliary observation system 220 and the target gate execution error, the observation parameters 260 can be updated, the auxiliary observation area can be changed, or the target area can be transferred to the recalibration process.

[0048] In another implementation, the feedback update module 160 writes the correction control parameters 280 back to at least one of the dynamic crosstalk compensation module, gate control module, array rearrangement module, or online verification module so that the updated control parameters are used in subsequent gate cycles.

[0049] Example 7: Interface for AND gate scheduling, error budgeting, and control plane write-back System 100 may further include at least one of gate scheduling interface module 170, error budget interface module 180, or control plane write-back module 190.

[0050] The gate scheduling interface module 170 is used to send the observation data 230, the linkage correction trigger signal 240, or the correction permission status to the gate scheduling module, so that the gate scheduling module can determine whether to continue execution, insert correction, restrict parallel gates, suspend the target area gate operation, or trigger recalibration based on the observation data 230, the linkage correction trigger signal 240, or the correction permission status.

[0051] The error budget interface module 180 is used to convert the observation data 230 into a gate error budget term. The gate error budget term may include at least one of the following: crosstalk error term, phase drift error term, atom loss error term, readout consistency error term, or waiting-to-decoherence error term. The gate error budget term can be used for quantum circuit scheduling, parallel gate constraint, regional gate operation selection, or check gate insertion in quantum error correction loops.

[0052] The control plane write-back module 190 is used to write back the updated observation parameters 260, trigger threshold 270, or correction control parameters 280 to at least one of the dynamic crosstalk compensation module, gate control module, array rearrangement module, or online verification module. Thus, system 100 can form a closed loop with the control plane of the neutral atom quantum control device.

[0053] Example 8: Differences from common-path addressing or common-mode noise reduction schemes In some neutral atom quantum computing devices, common-path fiber, waveguide array, common optical path, or other multi-channel addressing structures can be used to reduce addressing errors and channel mismatch. However, this application does not require a multi-channel common-path fiber addressing structure, waveguide array addressing structure, or common-mode noise suppression structure as a necessary condition.

[0054] The key point of this application is: acquiring gate execution state-related observation data 230 through an auxiliary observation system 220 isolated from the target gate execution object set 210 in the physical state evolution path; generating a linkage correction trigger signal 240 and a correction permission state based on the observation data 230, preset correlation conditions, preset anomaly persistence conditions, and time delay budget; and inserting a correction operation 250 in the subsequent quantum gate execution cycle 310 or the adjacent quantum gate execution interval 320 within a preset insertion window 330. In other words, the triggering basis of this application is the gate execution state-related observation data and the permission result of its controlled entry into the gate cycle insertion window, rather than solely based on addressing channel propagation errors or channel mismatch parameters.

[0055] Therefore, the methods and systems of this application can be implemented even in neutral atom quantum computing devices that do not employ common-path fiber arrays or waveguide array addressing structures. Conversely, even if a common-path fiber or waveguide array is present in the device, the non-destructive observation and linkage correction described in this application can still be used as an independent gating correction mechanism.

[0056] Example 9: Applicable Atomic Systems and Gate Types This application can be applied to neutral atom systems of rubidium-87, cesium-133, strontium-88, ytterbium-171, ytterbium-173, or other atoms capable of forming Rydberg excitation channels, optical clock transition channels, or other coherent control channels.

[0057] The quantum gates applicable to this application may include Rydberg blocking gates, controlled phase gates, CZ gates, CSIGN gates, single-qubit rotation gates, parallel two-qubit gates, or verification gates used for quantum error correction loops. For different atomic systems, different gate types, or different array geometries, the auxiliary observation system 220, observation data 230, trigger threshold 270, and correction control parameters 280 can be determined through calibration or online updates.

[0058] In one implementation, this application is applied to a regionalized parallel two-bit gate execution scenario. The system sets up an auxiliary observation system 220 around the target region, acquiring auxiliary observation data 230 after gate execution or between gate sequences. When the auxiliary observation data 230 indicates that the crosstalk excitation probability in a certain region exceeds a threshold, satisfies correlation or persistence conditions, and meets the timing conditions of a preset insertion window 330, the system inserts phase compensation or dynamically suppressed optical field parameter correction in subsequent gate batches.

[0059] In another implementation, this application is applied to a quantum error correction loop. The system obtains observation data 230 reflecting the environmental drift or readout consistency near the data qubit through an auxiliary observation system 220, and writes the observation data 230 into a gate scheduling module or an error budget module. When the observation data 230 meets the correction triggering condition and the correction permission state is satisfied, the system inserts a correction operation 250 into a subsequent verification gate or idle window.

[0060] Example 10: Delay Budgeting and False Trigger Suppression for Observation-Trigger-Correction-Writeback In one embodiment, before generating the linkage correction trigger signal 240, the system 100 records the auxiliary observation acquisition time required for the auxiliary observation system 220 to complete the observation, the trigger determination time required for the linkage correction trigger determination module 140 to complete the comparison or trend detection, the control command issuance time required for the gate period insertion correction module 150 to generate and issue control commands, and the start time of the next execution time of the target gate or the execution interval 320 of the adjacent quantum gate.

[0061] System 100 determines the preset insertion window 330 and the correction permission status based on the aforementioned time. When the sum of the auxiliary observation acquisition time, trigger judgment time, and control command issuance time is less than or equal to the available duration of the preset insertion window 330, the gate cycle insertion correction module 150 allows the insertion of correction operations 250 within the subsequent quantum gate execution cycle 310 or the adjacent quantum gate execution interval 320. When the sum of the times exceeds the available duration of the preset insertion window 330, system 100 does not insert real-time correction operations within the currently protected target gate execution window, but instead writes the observation data 230, the linkage correction trigger signal 240, and the timeout status into the feedback update module 160, and then proceeds to the batch-level correction, gate sequence recalibration, suspension of target area gate operation, or control plane write-back process.

[0062] To reduce the probability of false triggering, the linkage correction trigger determination module 140 can simultaneously use threshold comparison, error budget comparison, trend detection, and anomaly persistence determination. If the observed data 230 shows only a single anomaly and does not meet the anomaly persistence condition, the system 100 can record the anomaly as a pending review status or a batch-level calibration clue; if the observed data 230 in multiple consecutive gate cycles or multiple gate batches all indicate that the crosstalk excitation probability, phase drift estimate, or gate error indication continuously exceeds the limit, then the linkage correction trigger signal 240 is generated first.

[0063] After the calibration operation 250 is executed, the feedback update module 160 can compare the auxiliary observation data before and after calibration, the subsequent verification gate results, the gate batch statistics results, or the online verification results. When the calibration benefit is lower than the preset benefit threshold, the system 100 can roll back the trigger threshold 270, adjust the calibration control parameters 280, change the auxiliary observation area, or transfer the target gate execution object set 210 into the recalibration process.

[0064] Industrial applicability The non-destructive observation and linkage correction method and system for neutral atom quantum gates provided in this application can be applied to neutral atom quantum computing devices, Rydberg gate control systems, quantum error correction control systems, quantum gate online calibration systems, and quantum processor control planes. By acquiring observation data related to the gate execution state through an auxiliary observation system and using the observation data to trigger gate periodic insertion correction, preset insertion window judgment, time delay budget constraints, and feedback write-back, this application can provide an implementable observation-trigger-correction-write-back closed loop for neutral atom quantum gate control, which helps to reduce the risk of control inconsistency in multi-gate period, multi-region, and quantum error correction scenarios.

Claims

1. A non-destructive observation and linkage correction method for neutral atom quantum gates, characterized in that, include: Obtain the set of target gate execution objects in the quantum gate execution sequence, wherein the set of target gate execution objects includes target atom pairs, target atom regions, or target quantum gate operation units; Based on the target gate execution object set, an auxiliary observation system is constructed that is isolated from the target gate execution object set in the physical state evolution path. The phase isolation includes at least one of the following: spatial location, energy level structure, isotope type, transition channel, readout window, readout band, control optical path, or optical field action region. In the gate detection window, the gate sequence window, the adjacent quantum gate execution interval, or the batch-level observation window, the auxiliary observation system acquires observation data related to the quantum gate execution process of the target gate execution object set. The observation data includes at least one of the following: crosstalk excitation probability estimate, phase drift estimate, gate error indicator, or auxiliary system response signal used to estimate the crosstalk excitation probability, phase drift, or gate error indicator. Based on the comparison results between the observation data and the preset error threshold, preset phase tolerance window, or preset error budget, and in combination with the preset correlation condition or preset anomaly persistence condition, a linkage correction trigger signal is generated. The linkage correction trigger signal is generated by the observation data generated by the auxiliary observation system, and does not use the target quantum state readout result obtained by performing a destructive master readout on the target gate execution object set as the trigger source. Furthermore, the linkage correction trigger signal is not generated solely based on the addressing channel propagation error or channel mismatch parameter. Based on the auxiliary observation acquisition time, trigger judgment time, control command issuance time, and the next execution time of the target gate, a preset insertion window is determined, and a correction permission status is generated; When the correction permission status indicates that the sum of the auxiliary observation acquisition time, the trigger determination time, and the control command issuance time does not exceed the available time corresponding to the preset insertion window, in response to the linkage correction trigger signal, at least one correction operation is inserted in the preset insertion window in the subsequent quantum gate execution cycle or the adjacent quantum gate execution interval. The correction operation includes at least one of the following: phase compensation operation, gate timing correction operation, gate delay correction operation, laser pulse shaping correction operation, or dynamic suppression optical field parameter correction operation. When the calibration permission status indicates that the available time is insufficient, the observation data, the linkage calibration trigger signal and the timeout status are written into the batch-level calibration, recalibration or control plane write-back process, instead of inserting a real-time calibration operation into the execution window of the currently protected target gate. Based on the gate execution result after the correction operation, update the observation parameters of the auxiliary observation system, the trigger threshold of the linkage correction trigger signal, or the control parameters of the correction operation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary observation system is isolated from the target gate execution object set in at least one of the following aspects: spatial location, energy level structure, isotope type, transition channel, readout window, readout band, control optical path, or optical field region. This ensures that the observation channel, readout channel, or control optical field of the auxiliary observation system does not coincide with the main logic state readout path of the target gate execution object set, and the readout process of the auxiliary observation system does not require the collapse of the main quantum state of the target gate execution object set as a necessary condition.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary observation system includes an auxiliary atom set located in the vicinity of the target atom pair or the target atom region, or includes auxiliary energy levels, auxiliary isotopes, auxiliary transition channels, or auxiliary readout regions that are separate from the main logic state used by the data qubits, for characterizing the effects of the target quantum gate on adjacent atoms, non-target atoms, local fields, or readout regions during execution.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset correlation conditions include that the observed data and the historical gate error distribution, the current target gate type, the regional gate operation plan, or the historical calibration response satisfy a preset mapping relationship; when the preset correlation conditions are not met, the observed data is recorded as a state to be reviewed, a batch-level calibration clue, or an auxiliary observation system replacement clue, and no linkage correction trigger signal for real-time insertion correction is generated.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset anomaly persistence condition includes the observation data in multiple consecutive quantum gate execution cycles or multiple gate batches continuously satisfying at least one of the following: the crosstalk excitation probability estimate exceeds the preset crosstalk threshold, the phase drift estimate exceeds the preset phase tolerance window, the gate error indication exceeds the preset error budget, or the deviation between the auxiliary system response signal and the historical calibration response exceeds the preset deviation threshold.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset insertion window is located between adjacent quantum gate execution cycles, between adjacent gate batches, within the gate sequence calibration window, or within the time window corresponding to an idle region that has not participated in the current gate operation. The calibration permission status is determined at least based on the auxiliary observation acquisition time, the trigger determination time, the control command issuance time, the next execution time of the target gate, and the available duration corresponding to the preset insertion window.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase compensation operation is determined based on the mapping relationship between the phase drift estimate, the historical gate error distribution, and the current target gate type; or, the gate timing correction operation or the gate delay correction operation is determined based on at least one of the crosstalk excitation probability estimate, the dynamic suppression optical field response time, the excitation pulse envelope, or the auxiliary observation system response time.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser pulse shaping and correction operation is used to correct at least one of the amplitude, frequency, phase, rising edge, falling edge, pulse width, or pulse interval of the excitation light pulse; the dynamic suppression light field parameter correction operation is used to correct at least one of the intensity, frequency, phase, injection delay, duration, or turn-off time of the dynamic suppression light field.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of updating the observation parameters of the auxiliary observation system, the trigger threshold of the linkage correction trigger signal, or the control parameters of the correction operation includes: associating and storing the observation data, the linkage correction trigger signal, the correction permission status, the correction operation, and the correction backdoor execution result; obtaining the correction backdoor execution result from at least one of the following: subsequent auxiliary observation data, verification gate results in the quantum error correction cycle, gate batch statistics, final readout statistics, random benchmark statistics, cross-entropy statistics, or output results of the online verification module; updating the mapping relationship between the observation parameters and the correction control parameters based on the associated storage result; and using the updated mapping relationship in subsequent quantum gate execution cycles.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: sending the observation data, the linkage correction trigger signal, or the correction permission status to the gate scheduling module, the error budget interface module, or the control plane write-back module; wherein, the gate scheduling module determines whether to continue execution, insert correction, restrict parallel gates, pause target area gate operations, or trigger recalibration based on the correction permission status; the error budget interface module converts the observation data into gate error budget terms; and the control plane write-back module writes the updated observation parameters, trigger thresholds, or correction control parameters back to at least one of the dynamic crosstalk compensation module, the gate control module, the array rearrangement module, or the online verification module.

11. A non-destructive observation and linkage correction system for neutral atom quantum gates, characterized in that, include: An execution object determination module is used to obtain a set of target gate execution objects in a quantum gate execution sequence, wherein the set of target gate execution objects includes target atom pairs, target atom regions, or target quantum gate operation units; An auxiliary observation system construction module is used to construct an auxiliary observation system that is isolated from the target gate execution object set in the physical state evolution path based on the target gate execution object set. The phase isolation includes at least one of the following: spatial location, energy level structure, isotope type, transition channel, readout window, readout band, control optical path, or optical field action region. A non-destructive observation acquisition module is used to acquire observation data related to the quantum gate execution process of the target quantum gate execution object set through the auxiliary observation system in the gate detection window, the window between gate sequences, the interval between adjacent quantum gate executions, or the batch-level observation window. The linkage correction trigger determination module is used to generate a linkage correction trigger signal based on the comparison results between the observation data and the preset error threshold, preset phase tolerance window or preset error budget, and in combination with preset correlation conditions or preset abnormal persistence conditions. It is also used to determine the preset insertion window and correction permission status according to the auxiliary observation acquisition time, trigger determination time, control command issuance time and the next execution time of the target gate. The gate cycle insertion correction module is used to respond to the linkage correction trigger signal when the correction permission state is satisfied, insert at least one correction operation in the subsequent quantum gate execution cycle or the adjacent quantum gate execution interval within the preset insertion window, and is used to switch to batch-level correction, recalibration or control plane write-back process when the correction permission state is not satisfied. The feedback update module is used to update the observation parameters of the auxiliary observation system, the trigger threshold of the linkage correction trigger signal, or the control parameters of the correction operation based on the gate execution result after the correction operation. The system is configured such that the linkage correction trigger signal is generated from the observation data produced by the auxiliary observation system, and does not use the target quantum state readout result obtained by performing a destructive master readout on the target gate execution object set as the trigger source, and the linkage correction trigger signal is not generated solely based on the addressing channel propagation error or channel mismatch parameter.

12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The system further includes at least one of a gate scheduling interface module, an error budget interface module, or a control plane write-back module; the gate scheduling interface module is used to send the observation data, the linkage correction trigger signal, or the correction permission status to the gate scheduling module, so that the gate scheduling module determines whether to continue execution, insert correction, restrict parallel gates, suspend target area gate operations, or trigger recalibration based on the observation data, the linkage correction trigger signal, or the correction permission status; the error budget interface module is used to convert the observation data into gate error budget terms; the control plane write-back module is used to write the updated observation parameters, trigger thresholds, or correction control parameters back to at least one of a dynamic crosstalk compensation module, a gate control module, an array rearrangement module, or an online verification module.

Images