Carbon neutral-oriented global land comprehensive improvement carbon budget accounting system and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, and discloses a global land comprehensive improvement carbon income and expenditure accounting system and method facing carbon neutralization, which comprises an energy activity level accounting module, a material activity level accounting module, a personnel activity level accounting module, a farmland activity level accounting module, a land use change and ecological land activity level accounting module, a waste activity level accounting module, a carbon income and expenditure factor library design module, an automatic calculation engine module and a result accounting output module. The application can widen the carbon income and expenditure evaluation perspective and cover time, and improve the accuracy, the applicable range and the efficiency of the carbon income and expenditure accounting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission accounting technology, and more specifically, to a carbon revenue and expenditure accounting system and method for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality. Background Technology

[0002] Comprehensive land consolidation refers to a comprehensive land management activity guided by national land spatial planning, which involves the overall advancement of farmland consolidation, construction land consolidation, rural ecological protection and restoration, and historical and cultural preservation within a specific area. This project encompasses various consolidation types, including land leveling, quality improvement, ditch dredging, and infrastructure construction. Its implementation involves significant energy consumption, material input, land use changes, and ecosystem disturbances, inevitably having a complex and far-reaching impact on the regional carbon balance. Given this objective, scientifically quantifying the carbon balance effect of comprehensive land consolidation projects is of significant practical importance for guiding project planning and design, optimizing consolidation schemes, and evaluating carbon emission reduction effectiveness.

[0003] Currently, there are some mature technologies, methods, and tools in the field of carbon emission accounting. In terms of greenhouse gas inventory compilation, standardized methodological frameworks have been provided for greenhouse gas emission accounting in five major areas: energy activities, industrial production processes, agricultural activities, land use change and forestry, and waste treatment. Regarding the carbon effects of land consolidation, scholars have already conducted carbon emission accounting for the construction phase of land consolidation projects.

[0004] Regarding carbon emission accounting tools, existing tools mainly include greenhouse gas emission accounting tools applicable to the enterprise level, greenhouse gas emission accounting tools applicable to the city level, and carbon emission accounting software applicable to specific industries. These tools provide relatively complete carbon emission quantification functions within their respective scopes of application, but when facing the specific application scenario of comprehensive land consolidation, they suffer from problems such as incomplete accounting objects, incomplete accounting boundaries, and a lack of long-term dynamic assessment capabilities.

[0005] Existing carbon accounting technologies have the following main drawbacks when applied to comprehensive land consolidation projects: (1) Incomplete accounting scope. Existing land consolidation carbon accounting mainly focuses on energy consumption and primary material input during the construction phase, without covering the accounting of various carbon sources / sinks such as changes in planting type, vegetation type, wetland carbon sinks, carbon sequestration in protective forests, animal intestinal fermentation and manure management, methane emissions from paddy fields, and waste treatment. Furthermore, there are no specific accounting tools. Comprehensive land consolidation projects involve diverse types of consolidation, including farmland consolidation, construction land consolidation, and ecological protection and restoration. The impact of various consolidation activities on carbon balance varies, and the accounting scope of existing technologies cannot fully cover these impacts.

[0006] (2) Incomplete accounting boundaries. Existing technologies only focus on the direct impact of land consolidation projects themselves, without considering the indirect impact of the projects on the entire town area. After the completion of comprehensive land consolidation projects, the land use structure, agricultural production patterns, population distribution patterns, and industrial economic activities within the town will be changed, which will have long-term impacts on energy consumption, farmland ecosystems, vegetation carbon storage, and waste generation at the town scale. Existing technologies lack quantitative assessments of such indirect impacts.

[0007] (3) Lack of dynamic assessment over time. Existing technologies mostly perform static accounting of carbon emissions at a single point in time, without establishing a multi-stage dynamic assessment system that includes the baseline before remediation, the short-term effects after remediation, and the long-term effects over 5 and 10 years after remediation. This makes it impossible to fully reflect the carbon balance changes of the comprehensive land remediation project at different time scales.

[0008] (4) Lack of dedicated accounting models for comprehensive land consolidation. Most existing carbon accounting tools are general-purpose tools and are not specifically designed for the characteristics of comprehensive land consolidation projects. There are significant gaps between the accounting module settings, factor parameter selection, and result output format and the actual needs of comprehensive land consolidation. This results in users needing to make a lot of manual adjustments and supplementary calculations, leading to low accounting efficiency and a high risk of errors.

[0009] Therefore, how to broaden the perspective and coverage time of carbon budget assessment, and improve the accuracy, applicability and efficiency of carbon budget accounting, is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a carbon budget accounting system and method for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality, which can broaden the perspective and coverage time of carbon budget assessment and improve the accuracy, applicability and efficiency of carbon budget accounting.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a carbon budget accounting system for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality, comprising an energy activity level accounting module, a material activity level accounting module, a personnel activity level accounting module, a farmland activity level accounting module, a land use change and ecological land activity level accounting module, a waste activity level accounting module, a carbon budget factor library design module, an automated calculation engine module, and a result accounting output module; the energy activity level accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption representing the level of engineering energy activity and the greenhouse gas emissions representing the level of social energy activity; the material activity level accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from primary material consumption and the carbon emissions from engineering waste and construction machinery operation representing the level of secondary material activity; the personnel activity level accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from personnel activities; and the farmland activity level accounting module is used to calculate the soil carbon storage, vegetation carbon sink, and farmland carbon emissions resulting from changes in planting types. Discharge, rice paddies Emissions, animals and Emissions; the land use change and ecological land activity level accounting module is used to calculate soil carbon from land use conversion, vegetation carbon from vegetation type change, protective forest activity level, wetland carbon change, and wetland methane emissions; the waste activity level accounting module is used to calculate landfill emissions. Emissions, waste incineration Discharge and wastewater treatment and Emissions; the carbon budget factor library design module includes recommended values ​​for emission factors and carbon density parameters. The emission factors include engineering energy emission factors, social energy emission factors, secondary energy emission factors, material emission factors, human activity emission factors, farmland activity carbon budget factors, land use and ecological land carbon budget factors, and waste emission factors. The automated calculation engine module receives various activity level data and uses each accounting module to calculate carbon emissions or carbon sinks in the engineering and town dimensions based on emission factor parameters, generating carbon budget change tables and net carbon budget change tables for multiple time periods. The result accounting output module outputs the calculation results of each accounting module and a comprehensive result table for the engineering and town dimensions. The engineering dimension calculates the carbon emissions and carbon sink changes directly generated by the comprehensive land consolidation project itself, while the town dimension calculates the indirect carbon impact of the project on the entire town area. The time ranges for the engineering and town dimensions cover multiple time periods.

[0012] As a further preferred option, the formula for calculating the carbon emissions from energy consumption is:

[0013] in, Carbon emissions from energy consumption Let i be the consumption of the i-th type of energy. Let be the carbon emission coefficient for energy type i, and 44 / 12 be... The molecular weight ratio of C; The formula for calculating greenhouse gas emissions is as follows:

[0014] in, Greenhouse gas emissions, Let j be the consumption of fuel type j. Let be the emission factor for fuel type j; , They are respectively and The global warming potential.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, the formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the primary material consumption is as follows:

[0016] In the formula: Carbon emissions from a single material consumption. Let j be the amount of material used. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of the j-th material; The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the engineering waste and the operation of construction machinery is as follows:

[0017] In the formula: Carbon emissions from construction waste and the operation of construction machinery, This refers to the number of shifts for the j-th type of construction machinery or the amount of construction waste. is the carbon emission factor of the j-th type of construction machinery or waste.

[0018] As a further preferred option, the formula for calculating carbon emissions from human activities is:

[0019] In the formula: Carbon emissions from human activities For the number of personnel, Emissions from human activities.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment, the formula for calculating the soil carbon storage is:

[0021] In the formula: For soil carbon storage, For planting area, Soil carbon density; The formula for calculating the vegetation carbon sequestration is as follows:

[0022] In the formula: Let be the carbon uptake of the i-th crop. For carbon absorption rate, For the economic yield of crops, For crop moisture content, For crop economic coefficient; The farmland Emissions are calculated using the emission factor method; The rice field The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0023] in, Representing rice paddies emission, Let be the area of ​​the i-th type of paddy field. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of the i-th type of paddy field. for Global warming potential; The animal and The emission calculation formula is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] in, Animals emission, Represents animals emission, This represents the number of animals of the i-th class. This represents the intestinal fermentation factors of the i-th type of animal. This represents the fecal management emission factor of the i-th animal.

[0026] As a further preferred embodiment, the formula for calculating soil carbon in the land use conversion is:

[0027] In the formula: This represents the change in soil carbon storage. For the conversion area, , Soil carbon density before and after conversion; The vegetation carbon of the vegetation type change includes arbor forest vegetation carbon, bamboo forest, shrub forest, economic forest vegetation carbon, and grassland vegetation carbon. The bamboo forest, shrub forest, and economic forest vegetation carbon are directly calculated using the stand biomass factor. The grassland vegetation carbon is calculated using the herbaceous layer biomass factor. The formula for calculating arbor forest vegetation carbon is:

[0028] In the formula: Carbon from arbor forest vegetation For the conversion area, It is a biomass conversion and expansion factor; The volume of water stored per unit area; This refers to the basic wood density. Carbon content of biomass; The ratio of underground biomass to aboveground biomass; The formula for calculating the activity level of the protective forest is:

[0029] In the formula: Carbon sequestration capacity of shelterbelts, i.e., the activity level of shelterbelts; The number of trees in the protective forest; The annual carbon sequestration coefficient per plant; The formulas for calculating wetland carbon change and wetland methane emissions are as follows:

[0030]

[0031] in, This represents the carbon storage in wetland sediments during wetland carbon change. This represents the carbon storage in wetland soils during wetland carbon change. The bulk density of the sediment; Carbon content of sediments; The volume of the sediment; For the conversion area, , Soil carbon density before and after conversion; The formula for calculating the methane emissions from the wetlands is as follows:

[0032] in, Methane emissions from wetlands; Let i be the emissions from the i-th type of wetland. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of wetland type i. for Global warming potential.

[0033] As a further preferred option, the landfill The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0034] In the formula: landfill emission, Let i be the amount of waste to be disposed of in landfills. The content of biodegradable organic carbon; The proportion of decomposable DOC; For landfill gas Proportion; It is an oxidizing factor; The waste incineration The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0035] in, Waste incineration emission, For the amount of waste incinerated, The carbon content of waste. This refers to the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon. The carbon oxidation rate of waste incineration; The wastewater treatment and The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0036]

[0037] in, Wastewater treatment emission, Wastewater treatment emission, This refers to the total amount of degradable organic carbon in wastewater. for Emission factors The total nitrogen load entering the wastewater treatment system.

[0038] As a further preferred embodiment, the recommended values ​​of emission factors in the carbon budget factor library module are derived from authoritative standards and literature. The engineering energy emission factors include regional emission factors for gasoline, diesel, and electricity; the social energy emission factors include carbon content per unit calorific value, oxidation rate, CH4 and N2O emission factors for various fossil fuels; the secondary energy emission factors include regional emission factors for electricity and heat; the material emission factors include carbon emission coefficients for primary and secondary materials; the human activity emission factors include emission factors for engineering personnel and social personnel; the farmland activity carbon budget factors include soil carbon density, crop carbon sequestration coefficient, N2O emission factors, paddy field CH4 emission factors, and animal gut fermentation and manure management emission factors; the land use and ecological land carbon budget factors include soil carbon density, vegetation carbon density, protective forest carbon sequestration coefficient, wetland carbon storage factors, and CH4 emission factors; and the waste emission factors include various emission factors for landfill, incineration, and wastewater treatment.

[0039] As a further preferred embodiment, the accounting boundary of the engineering dimension is the implementation scope of the comprehensive land consolidation project, including carbon emissions from energy consumption, material input, personnel activities, and equipment operation during project construction, as well as the carbon effects caused by changes in planting types, land use conversions, and vegetation changes. The time scale of the engineering dimension includes four stages: before consolidation, after consolidation, 5 years after consolidation, and 10 years after consolidation. The long-term effects in the 5 years and 10 years after consolidation are calculated cumulatively by multiplying the interannual changes after consolidation by the corresponding number of years. The accounting boundary of the town dimension is the project... The accounting content covers the entire administrative area of ​​the town, including the level of social energy activity, the level of social personnel activity, the level of farmland activity, the level of land use change and ecological land use, and the level of waste activity. The time scale of the town dimension includes four stages: before remediation, after remediation, 5 years after remediation, and 10 years after remediation. The accounting methods of the engineering dimension and the town dimension are consistent, both using the emission factor method or carbon density method. The data source for the engineering dimension is engineering design and construction records, while the data source for the town dimension is statistical yearbooks, statistical bulletins, and field surveys.

[0040] Secondly, this invention provides a carbon revenue and expenditure accounting method for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality, utilizing the aforementioned system to perform carbon revenue and expenditure accounting for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality.

[0041] Implementing the carbon budget accounting system and method for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention presents a life-cycle carbon accounting model for comprehensive land consolidation projects implemented using the Excel platform. This model is suitable for the quantitative assessment of changes in carbon emissions and carbon sinks throughout the entire life-cycle of such projects. Compared with existing technologies, this invention offers the following advantages: (1) The accounting results are more comprehensive and accurate. By introducing six accounting modules and a two-dimensional accounting system, this invention can comprehensively quantify the carbon emissions and carbon sink changes of the whole-area land consolidation project in terms of energy consumption, material input, personnel activities, farmland activities, land use changes and ecological land use, and waste treatment, thus avoiding the carbon accounting result deviation problem caused by the incomplete accounting objects in the existing technology.

[0042] (2) The assessment perspective is more macro and systematic. The dual-dimensional accounting system of project and town area expands carbon accounting from the project itself to the entire town area, and can systematically assess the comprehensive impact of the land consolidation project on the regional carbon balance, providing decision-makers with more macro and systematic carbon effect assessment information.

[0043] (3) More complete time coverage. The multi-stage dynamic evaluation system covers the entire time span from the baseline before remediation to 10 years after remediation, which can reveal the short-term carbon emission effect and long-term carbon sink accumulation effect of the comprehensive land remediation project, and provide a scientific basis for land remediation planning under the carbon neutrality target.

[0044] (4) The operation is more convenient and efficient. The automated calculation platform based on Excel VBA simplifies the complex carbon accounting process to data input and button clicks, lowering the technical threshold for carbon accounting and improving the efficiency of the accounting work. The modular design allows users to selectively perform the accounting of some modules as needed, enhancing the flexibility of the model.

[0045] (5) Wider scope of application. This invention is not only applicable to carbon accounting for comprehensive land consolidation projects, but also provides methodological reference and technical tool support for carbon effect assessment of other types of land consolidation projects, ecological restoration projects and rural construction projects. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the carbon revenue and expenditure accounting system for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the basic information data entry interface for the project provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the basic data entry interface for accounting provided by the present invention; Figure 4This is the intended representation of the carbon income and expenditure entry guidance provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of specific recommended values ​​in the factor library provided by this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation results of the material activity level provided by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram summarizing the final results provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a carbon budget accounting system for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality, including modules for energy activity level accounting, material activity level accounting, personnel activity level accounting, farmland activity level accounting, land use change and ecological land activity level accounting, waste activity level accounting, a carbon budget factor library design module, an automated calculation engine module, and a result accounting output module. The energy activity level accounting module calculates carbon emissions from energy consumption representing engineering energy activity levels and greenhouse gas emissions representing social energy activity levels. The material activity level accounting module calculates carbon emissions from primary material consumption and carbon emissions from engineering waste and construction machinery operation representing secondary material activity levels. The personnel activity level accounting module calculates carbon emissions from personnel activities. The farmland activity level accounting module calculates soil carbon storage, vegetation carbon sink, and farmland carbon emissions resulting from changes in planting types. Discharge, rice paddies Emissions, animals and Emissions; the land use change and ecological land activity level accounting module is used to calculate soil carbon from land use conversion, vegetation carbon from vegetation type change, protective forest activity level, wetland carbon change, and wetland methane emissions; the waste activity level accounting module is used to calculate landfill emissions. Emissions, waste incineration Discharge and wastewater treatment and Emissions; the carbon budget factor library design module includes recommended values ​​for emission factors and carbon density parameters. The emission factors include engineering energy emission factors, social energy emission factors, secondary energy emission factors, material emission factors, human activity emission factors, farmland activity carbon budget factors, land use and ecological land carbon budget factors, and waste emission factors. The automated calculation engine module receives various activity level data and uses each accounting module to calculate carbon emissions or carbon sinks in the engineering and town dimensions based on emission factor parameters, generating carbon budget change tables and net carbon budget change tables for multiple time periods. The result accounting output module outputs the calculation results of each accounting module and a comprehensive result table for the engineering and town dimensions. The engineering dimension calculates the carbon emissions and carbon sink changes directly generated by the comprehensive land consolidation project itself, while the town dimension calculates the indirect carbon impact of the project on the entire town area. The time ranges for the engineering and town dimensions cover multiple time periods.

[0049] Specifically, the formula for calculating the carbon emissions from energy consumption is as follows:

[0050] in, Carbon emissions from energy consumption Let i be the consumption of the i-th type of energy. Let be the carbon emission coefficient for energy type i, and 44 / 12 be... The molecular weight ratio of C; The formula for calculating greenhouse gas emissions is as follows:

[0051] in, Greenhouse gas emissions, Let j be the consumption of fuel type j. Let be the emission factor for fuel type j; , They are respectively and The global warming potential.

[0052] Specifically, the formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the primary material consumption is as follows:

[0053] In the formula: Carbon emissions from a single material consumption. Let j be the amount of material used. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of the j-th material; The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the engineering waste and the operation of construction machinery is as follows:

[0054] In the formula: Carbon emissions from construction waste and the operation of construction machinery, This refers to the number of shifts for the j-th type of construction machinery or the amount of construction waste. is the carbon emission factor of the j-th type of construction machinery or waste.

[0055] Specifically, the formula for calculating carbon emissions from human activities is as follows:

[0056] In the formula: Carbon emissions from human activities For the number of personnel, Emissions from human activities.

[0057] Specifically, the formula for calculating the soil carbon storage is as follows:

[0058] In the formula: For soil carbon storage, For planting area, Soil carbon density; The formula for calculating the vegetation carbon sequestration is as follows:

[0059] In the formula: Let be the carbon uptake of the i-th crop. For carbon absorption rate, For the economic yield of crops, For crop moisture content, For crop economic coefficient; The farmland Emissions are calculated using the emission factor method; The rice field The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0060] in, Representing rice paddies emission, Let be the area of ​​the i-th type of paddy field. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of the i-th type of paddy field. for Global warming potential; The animal and The emission calculation formula is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] in, Animals emission, Represents animals emission, This represents the number of animals of the i-th class. This represents the intestinal fermentation factors of the i-th type of animal. This represents the fecal management emission factor of the i-th animal.

[0063] Specifically, the formula for calculating soil carbon in the land use conversion is as follows:

[0064] In the formula: This represents the change in soil carbon storage. For the conversion area, , Soil carbon density before and after conversion; The vegetation carbon of the vegetation type change includes arbor forest vegetation carbon, bamboo forest, shrub forest, economic forest vegetation carbon, and grassland vegetation carbon. The bamboo forest, shrub forest, and economic forest vegetation carbon are directly calculated using the stand biomass factor. The grassland vegetation carbon is calculated using the herbaceous layer biomass factor. The formula for calculating arbor forest vegetation carbon is:

[0065] In the formula: Carbon from arbor forest vegetation For the conversion area, It is a biomass conversion and expansion factor; The volume of water stored per unit area; This refers to the basic wood density. Carbon content of biomass; The ratio of underground biomass to aboveground biomass; The formula for calculating the activity level of the protective forest is:

[0066] In the formula: Carbon sequestration capacity of shelterbelts, i.e., the activity level of shelterbelts; The number of trees in the protective forest; The annual carbon sequestration coefficient per plant; The formulas for calculating wetland carbon change and wetland methane emissions are as follows:

[0067]

[0068] in, This represents the carbon storage in wetland sediments during wetland carbon change. This represents the carbon storage in wetland soils during wetland carbon change. The bulk density of the sediment; Carbon content of sediments; The volume of the sediment; For the conversion area, , Soil carbon density before and after conversion; The formula for calculating the methane emissions from the wetlands is as follows:

[0069] in, Methane emissions from wetlands; Let i be the emissions from the i-th type of wetland. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of wetland type i. for Global warming potential.

[0070] Specifically, the landfill The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0071] In the formula: landfill emission, Let i be the amount of waste to be disposed of in landfills. The content of biodegradable organic carbon; The proportion of decomposable DOC; For landfill gas Proportion; It is an oxidizing factor; The waste incineration The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0072] in, Waste incineration emission, For the amount of waste incinerated, The carbon content of waste. This refers to the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon. The carbon oxidation rate of waste incineration; The wastewater treatment and The formula for calculating emissions is:

[0073]

[0074] in, Wastewater treatment emission, Wastewater treatment emission, This refers to the total amount of degradable organic carbon in wastewater. for Emission factors The total nitrogen load entering the wastewater treatment system.

[0075] Specifically, the recommended values ​​of emission factors in the carbon budget factor library module are derived from authoritative standards and literature. The engineering energy emission factors include regional emission factors for gasoline, diesel, and electricity. The social energy emission factors include carbon content per unit calorific value, oxidation rate, CH4 and N2O emission factors for various fossil fuels. The secondary energy emission factors include regional emission factors for electricity and heat. The material emission factors include carbon emission coefficients for primary and secondary materials. The human activity emission factors include emission factors for engineering personnel and social personnel. The farmland activity carbon budget factors include soil carbon density, crop carbon sequestration coefficient, N2O emission factors, paddy field CH4 emission factors, and animal gut fermentation and manure management emission factors. The land use and ecological land carbon budget factors include soil carbon density, vegetation carbon density, protective forest carbon sequestration coefficient, wetland carbon storage factors, and CH4 emission factors. The waste emission factors include various emission factors for landfill, incineration, and wastewater treatment.

[0076] Specifically, the accounting boundary of the engineering dimension is the implementation scope of the comprehensive land consolidation project, including carbon emissions from energy consumption, material input, personnel activities, and equipment operation during construction, as well as the carbon effects caused by changes in planting types, land use conversions, and vegetation changes. The time scale of the engineering dimension includes four stages: before consolidation, after consolidation, 5 years after consolidation, and 10 years after consolidation. The long-term effects in the 5-year and 10-year periods after consolidation are calculated cumulatively by multiplying the annual changes after consolidation by the corresponding number of years. The accounting boundary of the town dimension is the area where the project is located. The entire administrative area of ​​the town is included in the accounting, which covers the levels of social energy activity, social personnel activity, farmland activity, land use change and ecological land use, and waste activity. The time scale of the town dimension includes four stages: before remediation, after remediation, 5 years after remediation, and 10 years after remediation. The accounting methods for the engineering dimension and the town dimension are consistent, both using the emission factor method or carbon density method. The data source for the engineering dimension is engineering design and construction records, while the data source for the town dimension is statistical yearbooks, statistical bulletins, and field surveys.

[0077] Example 2: This invention provides a carbon revenue and expenditure accounting method for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality, utilizing the aforementioned system to perform carbon revenue and expenditure accounting for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality.

[0078] Example 3: The specific technical solution of this application is as follows: 3.1 Implementation Plan 3.1.1 Overall Model Architecture This embodiment provides a carbon neutrality accounting model for a comprehensive land consolidation project. The model is based on the Microsoft Excel platform and uses VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programming for automated calculations. The overall model architecture comprises four core components: six accounting modules, a two-dimensional accounting system, a carbon budget factor library, and a results output system.

[0079] Please see Figure 1 The model's workflow is as follows: Users input various activity level data (such as energy consumption, material usage, planting area, population data, etc.) into the corresponding accounting modules; each accounting module calls emission factor parameters from the carbon budget factor library (users can choose recommended factors or input measured factors); the VBA calculation engine automatically completes the calculation of carbon emissions or carbon sinks for each module according to the calculation method of each accounting object; the calculation results are output according to the six modules, and the results of the engineering dimension and the town dimension are output simultaneously.

[0080] The model's accounting boundaries include two dimensions: an engineering dimension, which calculates the carbon emissions and carbon sink changes directly generated by the comprehensive land consolidation project itself, covering multiple time periods including before consolidation, after consolidation (project implementation period), 5 years after consolidation, and 10 years after consolidation; and a town-level dimension, which calculates the indirect carbon impact of the project on the entire town, also covering the aforementioned four time periods. These two dimensions are interconnected and complementary, together forming a complete carbon neutrality accounting system.

[0081] 3.1.2 Energy Activity Level Accounting Energy activity level accounting is divided into two main categories: engineering energy activity level and social energy activity level.

[0082] (1) Engineering energy activity level The accounting objects are three types of energy: gasoline, diesel, and electricity. The accounting method uses a list approach, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0083] In the formula: —Carbon emissions from energy consumption ; —Consumption of the i-th type of energy, with gasoline and diesel in tons (t) and electricity in kilowatt-hours (kWh); —The carbon emission coefficient of the i-th energy type; —The molecular weight ratio of CO2 to C.

[0084] (2) Social energy activity level The accounting objects are divided into five categories: agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery energy; residential energy; manufacturing and construction energy; service and other energy; and public electricity and heat, as well as biomass energy. Each category includes anthracite, coking coal, general bituminous coal, lignite, washed coal, coke, gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, electricity, and heat. The accounting method uses the emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0085] Where: E—greenhouse gas emissions, in tons equivalent( ); —No. Consumption of this type of fuel, in heat units (TJ). —Emission factor for fuel type j; , — and The global warming potential.

[0086] 3.1.3 Material Activity Level Accounting Material activity level accounting is divided into two main categories: primary material activity level and secondary material activity level.

[0087] (1) Level of material activity The accounting objects include cement, building lime, C30 concrete, gypsum, reinforcing steel, steel plates, stainless steel pipes, carbon steel pipes, steel pipes, structural steel, crushed stone, pebbles, flagstones, boulders, coarse sand, fine sand, stone chips, standard bricks, hollow bricks, concrete bricks, coal gangue hollow bricks, roof tiles, PVC pipes, PE pipes, polypropylene pipes (PP), concrete pipes, road asphalt, asphalt concrete, fasteners, combined steel formwork, sheet metal, nails, iron parts, embedded iron parts, and welding rods. The input of these materials themselves does not directly generate carbon emissions, but their entire production process is accompanied by implicit carbon emission effects. The accounting method uses the emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0088] In the formula: — Carbon emissions from a single material consumption ; —No. The amount of material used, in t or m³. —No. The carbon emission coefficient of a material.

[0089] (2) Secondary material activity level The accounting objects include construction waste disposal (recycled concrete aggregate, recycled concrete bricks, recycled aggregate, and road materials for secondary use; landfill disposal is divided into decoration waste, demolition waste, and construction waste) and major equipment consumption (tracked single-bucket excavators, tire loaders, tracked bulldozers, tractors, vibratory rollers, mortar mixers, cranes, rebar cutters, water trucks, concrete pump trucks, and dump trucks). The accounting method adopts the emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] In the formula: —Carbon emissions from construction waste and the operation of construction machinery, in tons. equivalent( ); —The number of shifts of the j-th type of construction machinery or the amount of construction waste; —The carbon emission factor of the j-th type of construction machinery or waste.

[0091] 3.1.4 Personnel Activity Level Calculation The assessment of personnel activity levels is divided into two categories: activity levels of construction workers and activity levels of other personnel. The assessment subjects include construction workers (Class A and Class B workers) and other personnel (the permanent residents of the town). The assessment method uses the emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0092] In the formula: —Carbon emissions from human activities, expressed in tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2 equivalent) ); —Number of personnel (workdays or number of people); —Emissions from human activities.

[0093] 3.1.5 Farmland Activity Level Calculation Farmland activity level accounting is the most comprehensive module in the model, covering five subcategories: changes in planting type, vegetation carbon sink, farmland N2O emissions, paddy field CH4 emissions, animal gut fermentation, and manure management. It also distinguishes between three time dimensions: short-term engineering, long-term engineering, and long-term town-wide.

[0094] (1) Soil carbon of planting type change The accounting object is the portion where the land type remains unchanged but the crop type has changed, covering 17 crop types: wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, other cereals, soybeans, other legumes, rapeseed, peanuts, sesame, seed cotton, sugar beets, sugarcane, hemp, potatoes, vegetables, and tobacco. The accounting method uses the carbon density method, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0095] In the formula: —Soil carbon storage, in tons of carbon (tC). A—Planting area, in hectares (hm²); —Soil carbon density, expressed in tons of carbon per hectare (tC / hm²).

[0096] (2) Vegetation carbon and nitrogen due to changes in planting type The accounting targets include the vegetation carbon sinks of 18 crops (rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, other cereals, soybeans, other legumes, rapeseed, peanuts, sesame, seed cotton, sugar beets, sugarcane, hemp, potatoes, vegetables, and tobacco), as well as N2O emissions from the application of chemical fertilizers and manure, and carbon emissions from agricultural materials such as pesticides, agricultural films, and irrigation. The accounting method is as follows: ① Crop carbon sequestration (vegetation carbon sequestration) is measured using the total dry matter method:

[0097] In the formula: —The carbon uptake of the i-th crop, in tons of carbon (tC). —Carbon absorption rate; —Crop economic yield (sown area × yield per unit area), in tons (t). —Crop moisture content; —Crop economic coefficient.

[0098] ② Farmland Emissions are assessed using the emission factor method, and are categorized into direct emissions and indirect emissions:

[0099]

[0100] ③ The emission factor method is used to determine the discharge of agricultural materials:

[0101] (3) Paddy fields emission The accounting objects are single-season rice, double-season early rice, and double-season late rice. The accounting method adopted is the emission factor method.

[0102] (4) Animal intestinal fermentation and animal feces management The accounting objects include dairy cows, non-dairy cows, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, horses, donkeys / mule, and camels. The accounting method uses the emission factor method for separate accounting. and emission:

[0103]

[0104] 3.1.6 Accounting for Land Use Change and Ecological Land Use Activities The accounting of land use change and ecological land use activity level covers four subcategories: land type conversion, vegetation type change, shelterbelt construction, and wetland change.

[0105] (1) Soil carbon from land use conversion The accounting objects include the conversion between cultivated land (paddy fields, irrigated land, dry land), orchards (orchards, tea gardens, rubber plantations, other orchards), forest land (arbor forests, bamboo forests, shrub forests, other forest land), grassland (natural pasture, artificial pasture, other grassland), construction land, water areas, and unused land. The accounting method uses the carbon density method.

[0106] In the formula: —Changes in soil carbon storage, in tons equivalent( ); A—Conversion area, in hectares (hm²); , — Soil carbon density before and after conversion, in tons of carbon per hectare (tC / hm²).

[0107] (2) Soil carbon and vegetation carbon due to vegetation type change The accounting objects include changes in vegetation types such as arbor forests, bamboo forests, shrub forests, other forest lands, natural pastures, artificial pastures, other grasslands, tea gardens, orchards, and rubber plantations. Soil carbon is calculated using the carbon density method (soil carbon converted from the same land type). Vegetation carbon is calculated using the biomass method. ① Carbon in arbor forests:

[0108] Where: BCEF—Biomass conversion and expansion factor (BEF) ); V—Location per unit area (m³ / hm²); —Basic wood density ( ); CF—Carbon content of biomass; R—Ratio of underground biomass to aboveground biomass.

[0109] ②The vegetation carbon of bamboo forests, shrub forests and economic forests is calculated directly using the stand biomass factor.

[0110] ③ Grassland vegetation carbon was calculated using herbaceous layer biomass factor.

[0111] (3) Level of shelterbelt activity The accounting targets include major shelterbelt tree species in different regions, such as white poplar, Chinese pine, oriental arborvitae, and black locust in North China; tallow tree, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, dawn redwood, and camphor tree in East China; and black locust, ginkgo, poplar, and goldenrain tree in Central China. The accounting method uses the single-tree carbon sequestration method.

[0112] In the formula: —Carbon sequestration capacity of protective forests, in tons of CO2 equivalent ( ); N—Number of trees in the protective forest; —Annual carbon sequestration coefficient per plant ( ).

[0113] (4) Wetland carbon change and wetland methane emissions The accounting targets include changes in carbon storage and CH4 emissions from riverine wetlands, lacustrine wetlands, marsh wetlands, coastal wetlands, and constructed wetlands. The accounting method is as follows: ① Carbon storage in wetland sediments:

[0114] Where: ρ—sediment bulk density (kg / m³); C—sediment carbon content; V—sediment volume.

[0115] ②Wetland soil carbon storage:

[0116] ③Wetlands emission:

[0117] 3.1.7 Waste Activity Level Accounting Waste activity level accounting primarily targets the township level, encompassing landfills. Emissions, waste incineration Discharge and domestic sewage treatment Discharge, industrial wastewater treatment Discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater Discharges. The accounting objects include rural domestic waste, hazardous waste, sludge, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater. The accounting method is as follows: ①Landfill Emissions are modeled using a first-order decay model:

[0118] In the formula: —The amount of waste of type i to be disposed of in landfills; —Content of biodegradable organic carbon; r—Proportion of biodegradable DOC; F—Content of landfill gas Ratio; OX—oxidation factor.

[0119] ② Waste incineration emission:

[0120] In the formula: Waste incineration emission, For the amount of waste incinerated, The carbon content of waste. This refers to the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon. The carbon oxidation rate of waste incineration; ③ Wastewater treatment and Emissions are calculated using the maximum productivity method:

[0121]

[0122] In the formula, Wastewater to be treated emission, Wastewater treatment emission, This refers to the total amount of degradable organic carbon in wastewater. for Emission factors The total nitrogen load entering the wastewater treatment system.

[0123] 3.1.8 Dual-Dimensional Accounting System One of the core innovations of this invention is the construction of a dual-dimensional accounting system for engineering and town areas, which enables a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the carbon impact of land consolidation projects across the entire region.

[0124] The engineering dimension calculates the carbon emissions and carbon sink changes directly generated by the project itself. The calculation boundary is the implementation scope of the comprehensive land consolidation project, including carbon emissions from energy consumption, material input, personnel activities, and equipment operation during the project construction period, as well as the carbon effects caused by changes in planting types, land use conversions, and vegetation changes. The time scale of the engineering dimension includes four stages: before consolidation (baseline), after consolidation (project implementation period), 5 years after consolidation, and 10 years after consolidation. The long-term effect is calculated by multiplying the annual changes after consolidation by the corresponding number of years (5 years or 10 years).

[0125] The township-level accounting measures the indirect carbon impact of the project on the entire township area, with the accounting boundary being the entire administrative region of the township where the project is located. The township-level accounting content covers the levels of social energy activities (agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery energy; residential energy; manufacturing and construction energy; and service sector energy), social personnel activities, and township-level farmland activities (changes in crop types, paddy fields, etc.). The data includes emissions, animal gut fermentation and manure management, land use change and ecological land use activity levels (land type conversion, vegetation type change, protective forests, wetlands), and waste activity levels within the town. The town-level dimension also covers four time phases: before remediation, after remediation, 5 years after remediation, and 10 years after remediation.

[0126] The two dimensions maintain consistency in accounting methods (both using the emission factor method or carbon density method), and are independent in data sources (the engineering dimension data comes from engineering design and construction records, while the town dimension data comes from statistical yearbooks, statistical bulletins, and field surveys). The results are presented separately and summarized for comparison, forming a comprehensive table of carbon income and expenditure changes in both engineering and town dimensions.

[0127] 3.1.9 Design of Carbon Budget Factor Library The carbon budget factor library is an important component of the model, providing emission factors and carbon density parameters for each accounting module. The design of the factor library follows the principles of prioritizing authoritative sources, regional differentiation, and flexible configuration.

[0128] The recommended values ​​in the factor library are primarily derived from authoritative standards and literature, as well as official data such as the electricity carbon dioxide emission factor. In addition, some factor parameters are derived from publicly published academic research literature.

[0129] The factor library covers seven categories of factors: engineering energy emission factors (regional emission factors for gasoline, diesel, and electricity), social energy emission factors (carbon content per unit calorific value, oxidation rate, etc. of various fossil fuels), and societal energy emission factors. and Emission factors), secondary energy emission factors (regional emission factors for electricity and heat), material emission factors (carbon emission coefficients of primary and secondary materials), human activity emission factors (emission factors of engineering personnel and social personnel), and farmland activity carbon budget factors (soil carbon density, crop carbon sequestration coefficient, etc.). Emission factors, paddy fields Emission factors, animal gut fermentation and fecal management emission factors), land use and ecological land carbon budget factors (soil carbon density, vegetation carbon density, protective forest carbon sequestration coefficient, wetland carbon storage factor and Emission factors), waste emission factors (various emission factors from landfill, incineration and wastewater treatment).

[0130] When using the model, users can choose to use recommended values ​​from the factor library or input actual measured factor values. This design ensures both the model's versatility and ease of use (users can quickly complete calculations using recommended values) and meets the need for high-precision calculations (users can input actual measured factors for refined calculations). The model implements the interactive factor selection function through VBA code. Users can select the "Recommended Factors" or "Accurate Factors" option in the factor selection interface of the corresponding module, and the model will automatically call the corresponding parameters for calculation.

[0131] 3.1.10 VBA Automated Calculation Implementation The model is based on the Microsoft Excel platform and uses the VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programming language to implement automated calculation functions. The VBA code implements the following core functions: (1) Data input and verification functions. The model provides a standardized data input interface, and users input activity level data according to the data requirements of each accounting module. VBA code performs format verification and range verification on the input data to ensure the integrity and rationality of the data.

[0132] (2) Factor selection and retrieval function. Users can select recommended factors or input measured factors through the interactive interface. The VBA code will automatically retrieve the corresponding parameter values ​​from the factor library or read the measured values ​​input by the user based on the user's selection.

[0133] (3) Automatic calculation function. The VBA code multiplies and sums the activity level data with the emission factor according to the preset calculation formula of each accounting module, and automatically completes the calculation of carbon emissions or carbon sinks. The calculation process covers six modules: energy activities, material activities, personnel activities, farmland activities, land use change and ecological land activities, and waste activities, and generates the calculation results of each module respectively.

[0134] (4) Dual-dimensional summary function. The VBA code summarizes the engineering dimension results and town dimension results of each module respectively, generates carbon budget change tables for four time periods: before remediation, after remediation, 5 years after remediation and 10 years after remediation, and calculates the net change in carbon budget for the engineering dimension and the town dimension.

[0135] (5) Result Output Function. The model outputs the calculation results in tabular form, including result tables generated by the six accounting modules and a comprehensive result table for the project-township dimension. Users can generate the results of each module by clicking the "Calculate" button of the corresponding module, or generate the complete comprehensive accounting result through the summary function.

[0136] 3.2 The key points of this invention mainly include the following aspects: (1) Comprehensiveness of accounting objects. This invention is the first to comprehensively incorporate carbon sources / sinks such as changes in planting type, changes in vegetation type, wetland carbon sinks, carbon sequestration in protective forests, animal intestinal fermentation and manure management, methane emissions from paddy fields, and waste treatment into the carbon accounting system of the comprehensive land consolidation project, filling the gap in the coverage of accounting objects in existing technologies. The six accounting modules cover the main carbon emission sources and carbon sinks in the process of project implementation and town development, realizing a comprehensive quantification of the carbon effects of comprehensive land consolidation.

[0137] (2) Project-Township Dual-Dimensional Accounting System. This invention innovatively constructs a dual-dimensional accounting system that combines the project dimension and the township dimension, breaking through the limitations of existing technologies that only focus on the direct impact of the project itself. The project dimension quantifies the carbon emissions and carbon sink changes of the remediation project itself, while the township dimension assesses the indirect carbon impact of the project on the entire township area. The two dimensions complement each other, forming a complete understanding of the carbon effect of comprehensive land remediation across the entire area.

[0138] (3) Multi-stage dynamic assessment capability. This invention establishes a multi-stage dynamic assessment system for pre-remediation, post-remediation (short-term), 5 years after remediation, and 10 years after remediation (long-term), which can comprehensively reflect the carbon budget change pattern of the land consolidation project in the whole region at different time scales, and provide technical support for the prediction of the long-term carbon effect of the project and policy evaluation.

[0139] (4) Flexible factor selection mechanism. The factor library design of this invention takes into account both versatility and flexibility. Users can quickly complete the calculation using recommended factors from authoritative standards and literature, or input measured factors for refined calculation. The flexible switching mechanism between recommended factors and measured factors makes the model suitable for both rapid evaluation scenarios and high-precision calculation scenarios.

[0140] (5) Modular Design and Automated Calculation. This invention adopts a modular design approach, decomposing the complex carbon accounting process into six relatively independent accounting modules, each of which can run independently and output results. The automated calculation engine based on Excel VBA realizes full-process automation from data input to result output. Users only need to input activity level data and select factor type to automatically complete complex carbon accounting calculations, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the calculation.

[0141] Example 4: Comprehensive Land Consolidation Project in a Certain Town First, enter the basic information about the project. Required fields include the province, region, and permanent resident population of the project. Figure 2 As shown; Secondly, input the basic data to be calculated, which is displayed here in terms of material activity level, such as... Figure 3 As shown; the system automatically matches relevant factor libraries using the material activity level accounting module, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown; The calculation results of the material activity level will automatically appear in "Table 8.2 Material Activity Level Results Output", such as... Figure 6 As shown; Similarly, the energy activity level, human activity level, farmland activity level, land use change and ecological land use activity level, and waste activity level should be entered and calculated in sequence, and the final results should be summarized in the "Engineering-Township Cross-Scale Carbon Budget" table, such as... Figure 7 As shown; The summary table is compiled separately for both project and town areas, which can provide analysis for the carbon balance of remediation projects.

[0142] It can be seen that the present invention can broaden the perspective and coverage time of carbon budget assessment, and improve the accuracy, applicability and efficiency of carbon budget accounting.

[0143] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive land consolidation carbon accounting system for carbon neutrality, characterized in that, It includes modules for energy activity level accounting, material activity level accounting, personnel activity level accounting, farmland activity level accounting, land use change and ecological land activity level accounting, waste activity level accounting, carbon budget factor library design, automated calculation engine, and result accounting output. The energy activity level accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption, which represent the level of engineering energy activities, and the greenhouse gas emissions, which represent the level of social energy activities. The material activity level accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions of primary material consumption and the carbon emissions of engineering waste and construction machinery operation, which represent the secondary material activity level. The personnel activity level calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from personnel activities. The farmland activity level accounting module is used to calculate soil carbon storage, vegetation carbon sink, and farmland carbon storage caused by changes in planting type. Discharge, rice paddies Emissions, animals and emission; The land use change and ecological land activity level accounting module is used to calculate soil carbon from land use conversion, vegetation carbon from vegetation type change, protective forest activity level, wetland carbon change, and wetland methane emissions. The waste activity level calculation module is used to calculate landfill waste. Emissions, waste incineration Discharge and wastewater treatment and emission; The carbon budget factor library design module includes recommended values ​​for emission factors and carbon density parameters. The emission factors include engineering energy emission factors, social energy emission factors, secondary energy emission factors, material emission factors, human activity emission factors, farmland activity carbon budget factors, land use and ecological land carbon budget factors, and waste emission factors. The automated calculation engine module is used to receive various activity level data, and use each accounting module to calculate the carbon emissions or carbon sinks in the engineering and town dimensions based on emission factor parameters, and generate carbon balance change tables and net carbon balance change in multiple time periods. The result calculation and output module is used to output the calculation results of each calculation module, as well as a comprehensive result table of the engineering dimension and the town dimension; The engineering dimension calculates the carbon emissions and carbon sink changes directly generated by the comprehensive land consolidation project itself, while the town dimension calculates the indirect carbon impact of the project on the entire town area. The time range of the engineering dimension and the town dimension covers multiple time periods.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from energy consumption is as follows: in, Carbon emissions from energy consumption Let i be the consumption of the i-th type of energy. Let be the carbon emission coefficient for energy type i, and 44 / 12 be... The molecular weight ratio of C; The formula for calculating greenhouse gas emissions is as follows: in, Greenhouse gas emissions, Let j be the consumption of fuel type j. Let be the emission factor for fuel type j; , They are respectively and The global warming potential.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the primary consumption of materials is as follows: In the formula: Carbon emissions from a single material consumption. Let j be the amount of material used. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of the j-th material; The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the engineering waste and the operation of construction machinery is as follows: In the formula: Carbon emissions from construction waste and the operation of construction machinery, This refers to the number of shifts for the j-th type of construction machinery or the amount of construction waste. is the carbon emission factor of the j-th type of construction machinery or waste.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from personnel activities is as follows: In the formula: Carbon emissions from human activities For the number of personnel, Emissions from human activities.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating soil carbon storage is: In the formula: For soil carbon storage, For planting area, Soil carbon density; The formula for calculating the vegetation carbon sequestration is as follows: In the formula: Let be the carbon uptake of the i-th crop. For carbon absorption rate, For the economic yield of crops, For crop moisture content, For crop economic coefficient; The farmland Emissions are calculated using the emission factor method; The rice field The formula for calculating emissions is: in, Representing rice paddies emission, Let be the area of ​​the i-th type of paddy field. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of the i-th type of paddy field. for Global warming potential; The animal and The emission calculation formula is as follows: in, Animals emission, Represents animals emission, This represents the number of animals of the i-th class. This represents the intestinal fermentation factors of the i-th type of animal. This represents the fecal management emission factor of the i-th animal.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating soil carbon in the land use conversion is as follows: In the formula: This represents the change in soil carbon storage. For the conversion area, , Soil carbon density before and after conversion; The vegetation carbon of the vegetation type change includes arbor forest vegetation carbon, bamboo forest, shrub forest, economic forest vegetation carbon, and grassland vegetation carbon. The bamboo forest, shrub forest, and economic forest vegetation carbon are directly calculated using the stand biomass factor. The grassland vegetation carbon is calculated using the herbaceous layer biomass factor. The formula for calculating arbor forest vegetation carbon is: In the formula: Carbon from arbor forest vegetation For the conversion area, It is a biomass conversion and expansion factor; The volume of water stored per unit area; This refers to the basic wood density. Carbon content of biomass; The ratio of underground biomass to aboveground biomass; The formula for calculating the activity level of the protective forest is: In the formula: Carbon sequestration capacity of shelterbelts, i.e., the activity level of shelterbelts; The number of trees in the protective forest; The annual carbon sequestration coefficient per plant; The formulas for calculating wetland carbon change and wetland methane emissions are as follows: in, This represents the carbon storage in wetland sediments during wetland carbon change. This represents the carbon storage in wetland soils during wetland carbon change. The bulk density of the sediment; Carbon content of sediments; The volume of the sediment; For the conversion area, , Soil carbon density before and after conversion; The formula for calculating the methane emissions from the wetlands is as follows: in, Methane emissions from wetlands; Let i be the emissions from the i-th type of wetland. Let be the carbon emission coefficient of wetland type i. for Global warming potential.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The landfill The formula for calculating emissions is: In the formula: landfill emission, Let i be the amount of waste to be disposed of in landfills. The content of biodegradable organic carbon; The proportion of decomposable DOC; For landfill gas Proportion; It is an oxidizing factor; The waste incineration The formula for calculating emissions is: in, Waste incineration emission, For the amount of waste incinerated, The carbon content of waste. This refers to the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon. The carbon oxidation rate of waste incineration; The wastewater treatment and The formula for calculating emissions is: in, Wastewater treatment emission, Wastewater treatment emission, This refers to the total amount of degradable organic carbon in wastewater. for Emission factors The total nitrogen load entering the wastewater treatment system.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recommended values ​​for emission factors in the carbon budget factor library module are derived from authoritative standards and literature. The engineering energy emission factors include regional emission factors for gasoline, diesel, and electricity, while the social energy emission factors include the carbon content per unit calorific value and oxidation rate of various fossil fuels. and The emission factors include: secondary energy emission factors (including regional emission factors for electricity and heat); material emission factors (including carbon emission coefficients for primary and secondary materials); human activity emission factors (including emission factors for engineering and social personnel); and farmland activity carbon budget factors (including soil carbon density and crop carbon sequestration coefficient). Emission factors, paddy fields Emission factors, animal gut fermentation and fecal management emission factors, and land use and ecological land carbon budget factors including soil carbon density, vegetation carbon density, protective forest carbon sequestration coefficient, wetland carbon storage factor and Emission factors, the waste emission factors include various emission factors from landfill, incineration and wastewater treatment.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accounting boundary of the engineering dimension is the implementation scope of the comprehensive land consolidation project, including carbon emissions from energy consumption, material input, personnel activities and equipment operation during the construction period, as well as the carbon effects caused by changes in planting types, land use conversion and vegetation changes. The time scale of the engineering dimension includes four stages: before consolidation, after consolidation, 5 years after consolidation and 10 years after consolidation. The long-term effects of 5 years and 10 years after consolidation are calculated by multiplying the annual changes after consolidation by the corresponding number of years. The accounting boundary of the town dimension is the entire administrative area of ​​the town where the project is located. The accounting content covers the level of social energy activity, the level of social personnel activity, the level of farmland activity, the level of land use change and ecological land activity, and the level of waste activity. The time scale of the town dimension includes four stages: before the remediation, after the remediation, 5 years after the remediation, and 10 years after the remediation. The calculation methods for the engineering dimension and the town dimension are consistent, both using the emission factor method or the carbon density method. The data source for the engineering dimension is engineering design and construction records, while the data source for the town dimension is statistical yearbooks, statistical bulletins, and field surveys.

10. A carbon budget accounting method for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality, characterized in that, Carbon revenue and expenditure accounting for comprehensive land consolidation aimed at carbon neutrality is performed using the system described in any one of claims 1-9.

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