A method for economic evaluation of mine geological environment damage loss

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of economic evaluation methods of mine geological environment damage loss, belong to the technical field of mine geological environment evaluation.This method includes: obtaining the geological disaster investigation data of the mine to be evaluated, land resource damage data, aquifer damage data, topography and geomorphology landscape damage data and ecological system survey data;Based on the data obtained, an accounting index system including geological disaster economic loss index, aquifer damage loss index, topography and geomorphology landscape damage loss index, land ecological service function value loss index and land resource damage loss index is constructed;For each loss index, a matching accounting method is used to quantify the loss of its value attribute;The quantification results of each loss index are added up to obtain the total amount of mine geological environment damage loss.The present application uses differentiated accounting methods for different loss types, achieving comprehensive and accurate quantification of mine geological environment damage loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine geological environment assessment technology, specifically to an economic assessment method for mine geological environment damage and loss. Background Technology

[0002] The impacts of mineral resource development on the geological environment of mining areas mainly include geological disasters, damage to land resources, aquifer destruction, destruction of topography and landscape, and decline in ecosystem service functions. Economic assessment of the damage and losses to the geological environment of mines is an important aspect of mine environmental management.

[0003] Currently, economic assessment methods for losses due to damage to the geological environment of mines mainly fall into three categories. The first category is the direct market accounting method, which treats environmental quality as a factor of production and calculates the impact of changes in environmental quality based on changes in production levels. Specific methods include the productivity change method, human capital method, opportunity cost method, replacement cost method, and shadow project method. The second category is the alternative market accounting method, which infers the implicit value of environmental goods by observing people's market behavior. This includes the real estate value method, wage differential method, travel cost method, and protection expenditure method. The third category is the intentional value accounting method, which constructs a hypothetical market to survey people's maximum willingness to pay for environmental improvement or minimum willingness to pay for deterioration.

[0004] However, when the above assessment methods are applied to the assessment of damage to the geological environment of mines, they usually only calculate the loss for a single type. They have not yet formed a comprehensive assessment system that covers geological disasters, aquifer damage, topographic and landscape damage, loss of land ecological service function value and land resource damage. Therefore, it is difficult to fully reflect the overall degree of damage to the geological environment of mines caused by mineral resource development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that existing methods for assessing losses from mine geological environment damage typically only calculate single types of losses and lack a comprehensive assessment system covering geological hazards, aquifer damage, topographic and landscape damage, loss of land ecosystem service value, and land resource damage. This invention provides an economic assessment method for mine geological environment damage losses to achieve a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of such losses. To solve the above problems, this invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] First, this invention proposes an economic assessment method for losses caused by damage to the geological environment of mines, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Obtain geological hazard survey data, land resource damage data, aquifer damage data, topographic and landscape damage data, and ecosystem survey data for the mine to be evaluated;

[0008] S2. Based on the acquired data, construct a mining geological environment damage loss accounting index system, which includes at least two of the following: geological disaster economic loss index, aquifer damage loss index, topographic and geomorphic landscape damage loss index, land ecological service function value loss index, and land resource damage loss index.

[0009] S3. For each loss indicator, a calculation method matching the value attribute of each loss indicator is used to quantify the loss. The loss quantification calculation of the aquifer damage loss indicator includes: using the aquifer water storage function restoration cost calculation method, which calculates the loss based on the product of the area of ​​the contaminated aquifer, the thickness of the contaminated aquifer, and the unit volume water storage function restoration cost.

[0010] S4. Sum the quantitative results of each loss indicator to obtain the total amount of geological environmental damage loss of the mine to be evaluated.

[0011] Preferably, the quantitative calculation of the economic loss index of geological disasters includes:

[0012] The human capital approach is used to calculate population casualty losses caused by geological disasters, including loss of life and loss of disability.

[0013] The restoration cost method is used to account for property losses caused by geological disasters, including losses to buildings and transportation facilities.

[0014] Preferably, the quantitative calculation of the aquifer damage loss index includes at least one of the following methods:

[0015] The cost-of-remediation method for groundwater pollution is adopted, which calculates the cost based on the product of the amount of polluted groundwater and the unit cost of remediation.

[0016] The groundwater resource value loss accounting method is adopted, which calculates the loss based on the sum of the pure extraction cost of groundwater and the extraction value of groundwater resources.

[0017] The economic loss accounting method caused by the decline of groundwater level is adopted, which calculates the loss by multiplying the rate of decline of groundwater level, the amount of groundwater extracted, and the increase in unit water extraction cost.

[0018] Preferably, the quantitative calculation of the damage index of the topography and landform landscape includes:

[0019] The travel cost method is used for accounting, and the amount of damage to the topography and landscape is obtained by calculating the difference between the tourism value of the area before mining and the tourism value of the area after mining.

[0020] Preferably, the quantitative calculation of the loss of the land ecosystem service function value index includes:

[0021] The equivalent factor method is used to calculate the loss of land ecosystem service function value by multiplying the damaged area of ​​each type of land use within the mining area to be evaluated by the corresponding ecosystem service value per unit area, and then summing the calculation results of each type of land use to obtain the loss of land ecosystem service function value.

[0022] The value of ecosystem services per unit area is determined according to the equivalent table of ecosystem services per unit area of ​​terrestrial ecosystems, and the land use type includes at least one of forest, grassland, farmland, wetland, water area and desert.

[0023] Preferably, the quantitative calculation of the land resource damage loss index includes at least one of the following methods:

[0024] The cost of land damage restoration and remediation is calculated using the restoration cost method. The land damage restoration and remediation costs include at least one of the following: topsoil stripping engineering costs, soil replacement engineering costs, planting engineering costs, and manual maintenance engineering costs.

[0025] Alternatively, a land resource damage loss estimation method based on land price can be used for calculation. The damaged area of ​​each type of land within the mining area to be assessed is multiplied by the corresponding land resource base price, and the calculation results of each type of land are added together to obtain the amount of land resource damage loss.

[0026] Meanwhile, the present invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the present invention.

[0027] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes an electronic device comprising: a memory for storing computer program instructions; and a processor coupled to the memory for executing the computer program instructions stored in the memory to implement the steps of the method as described in the present invention.

[0028] The present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) This invention constructs a five-dimensional accounting index system covering the economic loss index of geological disasters, the loss index of aquifer damage, the loss index of topography and landscape damage, the loss index of land ecological service function value, and the loss index of land resources damage. It also establishes an evaluation model for comprehensive evaluation, which overcomes the limitation of existing methods that usually only calculate a single type of loss. It can comprehensively reflect the overall degree of damage caused by mineral resource development to the geological environment of mines.

[0030] (2) This invention employs differentiated accounting methods to quantify losses based on the value attributes of different loss indicators. These methods include: for geological disaster economic loss indicators, the human capital method and the restoration cost method; for aquifer damage loss indicators, at least one of the following: groundwater pollution cost restoration cost method, groundwater resource value loss method, economic loss accounting method caused by groundwater level decline, and aquifer water storage function restoration cost method; for topographic and geomorphological landscape damage loss indicators, the travel cost method; for land ecosystem service function value loss indicators, the equivalent factor method; and for land resource damage loss indicators, the restoration cost method or land resource damage loss estimation method based on land price. This combination of differentiated methods improves the accuracy and applicability of loss accounting for various types of losses. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This invention relates to a flowchart of an economic assessment method for damage and loss to the geological environment of a mine. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example 1: This example uses the Chaichang bauxite mine area within the resource-depleted urban mining geological environment survey area of ​​Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province as the assessment object. The economic assessment method for mining geological environment damage losses described in this invention is used to calculate the damage losses. (Reference) Figure 1 This includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Obtain geological hazard survey data, land resource damage data, aquifer damage data, topographic and landscape damage data, and ecosystem survey data for the mine to be evaluated.

[0035] The Chaichang bauxite mine is an open-pit mine with a capacity of 1 million tons per year and a service life of 7.65 years. The mining area covers 1249.31 hectares. According to the mine's geological environment survey, 29.18 hectares of land in the mining area have been damaged, with a planned total damage area of ​​280.04 hectares, including 87.48 hectares of excavated land and 192.56 hectares of occupied land. The reclaimed area is 280.04 hectares. The cultivated land area within the mining area is 438.57 hectares, accounting for 35.11% of the total area. All of this is dry land, with the main crops being corn and millet. The yield of corn is 350 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) per year, and the yield of millet is 250 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) per year. The damaged land types include cultivated land, orchards, forest land, grassland, and other land. No direct economic losses caused by geological disasters have occurred within the mining area, and related geological hazard risks have been eliminated through restoration and remediation projects.

[0036] S2. Based on the acquired data, construct a mining geological environment damage loss accounting index system, which includes at least two of the following: geological disaster economic loss index, aquifer damage loss index, topographic and geomorphological landscape damage loss index, land ecological service function value loss index, and land resource damage loss index.

[0037] Specifically, the losses caused by damage to the geological environment of mines constitute Mainly includes geological disasters in mining areas Economic losses from the management of (ground subsidence, ground fissures, collapses, and landslides, etc.) and losses due to aquifer damage. Damage to topography and landforms Loss of land ecosystem service value and damage to land resources The loss caused by damage to the geological environment of a mine is the sum of the specific loss and cost calculation results of each indicator in the various loss types index system brought about by the development of mineral resources.

[0038] Based on the division of the constraint layers of the system indicators, the evaluation model is as follows:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Economic losses caused by geological disasters in mineral resource development The first cause of mineral resource development The first type of geological disaster Item loss;

[0042] Land resource damage and loss caused by mineral resource development The first cause of mineral resource development The first type of land resource destruction Item loss;

[0043] Losses caused by aquifer damage during mineral resource development The first cause of mineral resource development The first type of environmental pollution caused by mining Item loss;

[0044] The damage and loss to the topography and landscape caused by mineral resource development The first cause of mineral resource development The destruction of ecosystems (forests, wetlands, grasslands, etc.) forms the first Item loss;

[0045] The loss of land's ecological service value caused by mineral resource development. The first cause of mineral resource development The loss of land's ecological service functions.

[0046] In this embodiment, based on actual survey data from the Chaichang bauxite mining area, the constructed accounting indicator system includes land resource damage loss indicators and land ecosystem service function value loss indicators. Losses corresponding to geological disaster economic loss indicators, aquifer damage loss indicators, and topographic landscape damage loss indicators have been comprehensively calculated through restoration and remediation engineering costs.

[0047] S3. For each loss indicator, a calculation method matching the value attribute of each loss indicator is used to quantify the loss.

[0048] The specific methods for calculating losses and parameters related to mine geological environment damage include:

[0049] 1. Economic losses from geological disasters in mineral resource development:

[0050] Disturbance of the lithosphere in mining areas manifests as geological environmental problems such as collapses, landslides, debris flows, and ground subsidence. The economic losses caused by lithosphere disturbance during mining are mainly influenced by two factors: firstly, the destructive power, activity level, and scope of the hazard caused by the hazard-causing body itself; and secondly, the factors related to the affected body itself. The affected body's factors are further divided into two parts: firstly, the type, resilience, and quantity of the affected body, determined by its own conditions; and secondly, population distribution, urban distribution, and transportation and communication facilities, determined by socio-economic conditions.

[0051] The economic losses can be calculated in two ways from the above two aspects: direct economic losses caused by the mining area—direct calculation method; and costs of engineering projects to prevent and control geological disasters in the mining area—protective engineering method. Based on this approach, the economic losses from the management of geological disasters in mining areas can be summarized as including two aspects: loss of life and loss of property.

[0052] (1) Direct calculation method for economic losses from geological disasters:

[0053] Economic losses from geological disasters in mining areas include two aspects: loss of life and loss of property.

[0054] 1) Calculation of population casualties and losses:

[0055] The calculation of population casualty losses includes two parts: losses caused by death or disappearance, and losses caused by disability.

[0056] ① Losses caused by death or missing persons:

[0057] Using the human capital approach, for a deceased individual, it can be expressed as the product of the individual's time as a producer (typically 30 years) and the GDP per capita in that year. The formula is:

[0058] X = 30 × local GDP per capita × number of deaths caused by geological disasters;

[0059] ② Cost of personal injury and disability:

[0060] For the injured individual, the losses include costs of treatment, recovery, and lost wages. For ease of assessment, the loss can be roughly estimated using the per capita GDP of the current year and the local area. This can be expressed by the formula:

[0061] Cost of personal injury and disability =

[0062] In the formula The local per capita GDP for that year (ten thousand yuan / person); The total number of people injured or ill due to the landslide.

[0063] 2) Property loss accounting:

[0064] Property loss accounting includes two parts: building loss and traffic loss. The specific accounting methods are as follows:

[0065] ① Building loss calculation:

[0066] Building losses mainly include damaged, destroyed, or buried buildings such as houses, shops, residences, and office buildings. This includes various types of buildings such as urban residential houses, rural houses, hotels, restaurants, apartments, commercial buildings, schools, hospitals, government offices, military barracks, industrial plants, warehouses, stations, and docks. Each type of building can be estimated based on its specific structural cost. The structural characteristics are the primary factors affecting a building's disaster resistance and determining its service life. Based on this, buildings are classified into four categories: steel structure buildings, reinforced concrete structure buildings, brick-and-wood structure buildings, and earthen structure buildings.

[0067] The unit price of building construction can be determined by referring to the table and estimated according to the degree of damage. The standards for classifying building damage levels refer to the regulations for earthquake disaster loss assessment. Building damage is assessed on a per-building basis, generally divided into five levels, with the following macro-standards:

[0068] i. Basically intact (including intact): The load-bearing components of the building are intact, and some non-load-bearing components are slightly damaged and can continue to be used without repair; -10%;

[0069] ii. Minor damage: Visible cracks appear in individual load-bearing components, and obvious cracks appear in non-load-bearing components. No repair is required or minor repairs are needed for continued use; -30%;

[0070] iii. Moderate damage: Minor cracks appear in many load-bearing components, some have obvious cracks, and some non-load-bearing components are severely damaged, requiring general repair; -50%;

[0071] iv. Severe damage: Most load-bearing components are severely damaged or partially collapsed, requiring major repairs; some buildings are difficult to repair; —100%;

[0072] v. Devastation: Most load-bearing components are severely damaged; the structure is on the verge of collapse or has already collapsed, and there is no possibility of repair. —100%;

[0073] In the description of the damage level classification standard, the approximate ranges of the three vague quantifiers are: individual cases below 5%; some cases below 30%; and the majority above 50%.

[0074] ② Traffic loss calculation:

[0075] Geological disasters often severely impact local transportation, making transportation losses a significant aspect of economic losses. Transportation losses primarily refer to the damage to vital transportation infrastructure such as highways, railways, and bridges caused by geological disasters.

[0076] The formula is: Traffic loss = Sg + St + Sq; where Sg is the highway loss (ten thousand yuan); St is the railway loss (ten thousand yuan); and Sq is the bridge loss (ten thousand yuan).

[0077] Highway loss is the product of the length of highway damaged by geological disasters and its corresponding unit project cost. According to available data, the basic engineering cost of highways is shown in Table 1. Due to varying geological and geomorphological conditions, even highways of the same grade can have significantly different engineering costs, requiring a case-by-case assessment. The basic engineering cost of railways is shown in Table 2. Its calculation method is the same as that for highway losses. Bridges are classified into various types according to their purpose, such as pedestrian bridges, highway bridges, and railway bridges, and the building materials used also differ. Therefore, when calculating bridge losses, a specific analysis based on the actual conditions of the disaster area is necessary.

[0078] Table 1. Basic Engineering Costs of Highways:

[0079]

[0080] Table 2. Basic Engineering Costs of Railways:

[0081]

[0082] (2) The cost accounting method for geological disaster control projects shall be calculated according to the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] in, It is the first Types of loss of engineering quantity, It is the first The construction costs for various types of geological disaster mitigation projects. These include subsidence backfilling, crack backfilling, mining void backfilling, slag retaining works, unstable rock removal works, slope stabilization, cut-off works, tailings treatment, and waste rock disposal works.

[0085] 2. Aquifer damage loss cost accounting model:

[0086] Whether it is an open-pit mine or an underground mine, both require dewatering to varying degrees. Dewatering can easily cause the groundwater level to drop, forming large drainage funnels, damaging underground and surface water systems, reducing the surface water storage capacity, drying up farmland, and drying up wells.

[0087] The scope of aquifer damage loss accounting includes: losses due to groundwater level decline and agricultural water shortage losses.

[0088] There are four methods for calculating the loss of aquifer damage: the groundwater pollution cost restoration cost calculation method, the groundwater resource value loss calculation method, the economic loss calculation method caused by groundwater level decline, and the aquifer water storage function restoration cost calculation method.

[0089] (1) Methods for assessing the value loss of groundwater resources:

[0090] According to the principles and methods of calculating geological resource value, the total value of groundwater resources (referring to the total value before pollution) consists of the total cost of resource extraction and the profit or extraction value obtained from resource extraction. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, V p For pure mining costs, Value for resource extraction.

[0093] 1) Calculation of the value of groundwater resource extraction:

[0094] The value of groundwater resource extraction ( Generally, it is calculated as 6%-10% of the total sales value. Taking 7%, the resource extraction value is: =7%×Q× .

[0095] In the formula, Q represents the exploitable amount of groundwater resources. The price of groundwater resources should, in theory, be determined by the value of the water resources themselves.

[0096] 2) Total mining cost calculation:

[0097] The pure cost of groundwater extraction includes well drilling costs, well completion costs, and groundwater extraction costs.

[0098] (2) Groundwater pollution cost-remediation approach:

[0099] Based on the principles of environmental economics and the theory of natural resource value, the cost of restoring or protecting against pollution can be considered as the economic loss caused by the destruction of environmental resources. This method of assessing losses caused by environmental pollution and damage is called the restoration cost method. Its calculation formula is as follows:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula: —The cost of remediating groundwater pollution; —Unit costs for protecting and restoring its original environmental functions; —The total amount of a certain environmental quality or environmental item that has been polluted, damaged, or is about to be polluted or damaged. Here, it refers to the amount of polluted groundwater.

[0102] Because there are many methods available for treating or remediating contaminated groundwater, such as in-situ microbial remediation and extraction-treatment systems, the costs vary depending on the method. Even for the same method, costs can differ significantly depending on the level of technology used. Therefore, when using the restoration cost method to calculate the economic losses caused by contaminated groundwater, the lowest-cost method or several low-cost methods should be selected based on the specific circumstances. The lowest-cost method should be used as the final assessment result.

[0103] This invention proposes to calculate the restoration cost using two methods: extracting the contaminated groundwater and "transporting it to a municipal wastewater treatment plant for treatment" and "constructing a treatment plant near the site".

[0104] The calculation formula for the treatment method of the urban wastewater treatment plant is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] In the formula, Input the total cost of treatment at the municipal wastewater treatment plant; Costs for groundwater extraction; For sewage transportation costs; For water treatment costs.

[0107] =Drilling costs + Well completion material costs + Groundwater extraction costs;

[0108] Among them: well drilling cost = L well depth × K number of wellheads × P yuan / m; well completion material cost = sedimentation pipe cost + filter pipe cost + filler cost; groundwater extraction cost = pump cost + pump house construction cost + pumping electricity cost + labor cost.

[0109] = Cost of A1 water storage tank + Cost of A2 pipeline laying;

[0110] =Q = Groundwater pollution amount × P = Water treatment unit price;

[0111] The calculation formula for the near-site factory construction treatment method is as follows:

[0112] Total cost of near-site plant construction Cost of groundwater extraction Sewage transportation costs Factory construction costs Water treatment plant operating costs It consists of four main parts, namely the calculation formula:

[0113]

[0114] The costs in the formula all involve the calculation of the total amount of polluted groundwater. Accurately calculating the amount and extent of polluted groundwater is the key to calculating the economic loss of polluted groundwater using the restoration cost method.

[0115] The method for calculating the amount of polluted groundwater was selected as follows:

[0116] The amount of groundwater pollution, Qpollution, is equal to the product of the volume of the polluted aquifer, Vaquifer, and its specific yield, μ.

[0117] Q_polluted groundwater = V_polluted aquifer × μ;

[0118] Assuming the contaminated groundwater aquifer is horizontally layered, homogeneous, and of uniform thickness, the aquifer volume is equal to the product of the contaminated area (Scontaminated aquifer) and the aquifer thickness (Haquifer): Vcontaminated aquifer = Scontaminated aquifer × Haquifer. Therefore, the formula for calculating the amount of contaminated groundwater is:

[0119] Q_polluted groundwater = S_polluted aquifer × H_aquifer × μ;

[0120] As can be seen from this formula, calculating the amount of groundwater pollution requires first calculating parameters such as the thickness of the aquifer, the extent and area of ​​pollution, and the specific yield of the aquifer.

[0121] (3) Accounting method for economic losses caused by groundwater level decline:

[0122] A drop in groundwater level can cause a series of economic losses, such as increased pumping energy consumption, increased equipment investment and operating costs, and land subsidence. Studies show that within the groundwater level range of 8-28 m, for every 1 m drop in the groundwater level, pumping energy consumption, equipment investment, and operating costs increase by approximately 10%. A rough estimate of the increase in water extraction costs can be calculated using the following formula:

[0123]

[0124] In the formula: Economic losses caused by the decline in groundwater levels; This represents the rate of water level decline, measured in meters per year (m / a). Groundwater extraction volume (m³) 3 ), This is the added value of the cost of obtaining 1 ton of water. Based on the above empirical data, we take 0.1 yuan.

[0125] (4) Calculation method for the cost of restoring the water storage function of aquifers:

[0126] When a groundwater aquifer is contaminated, its water storage function is lost. To restore this function, assuming the contaminated aquifer is horizontally layered, homogeneous (with the same specific yield μ throughout the contaminated area), and of uniform thickness, the volume of groundwater storage space within the contaminated aquifer is equal to the product of the area S of the contaminated aquifer and its thickness H: That is:

[0127] =S = Area of ​​the contaminated aquifer × H = Thickness of the contaminated aquifer

[0128] The cost of restoring the aquifer's water storage function is:

[0129] .

[0130] The cost of restoring the water storage function per unit volume was determined using the engineering unit price analysis method, based on the following specific criteria:

[0131] (1) According to the "Budget Quota for Water Conservancy Construction Projects" (Water Resources Department

[2002] No. 116) and the "Budget Quota Standard for Land Development and Consolidation Projects" (Finance and Taxation Department

[2011] No. 128), it belongs to the national and industry quotas;

[0132] (2) Based on the current unit price of labor, budgeted price of materials, and machine shift cost in the project location;

[0133] (3) Based on the proposed aquifer restoration and treatment scheme (grouting curtain, artificial recharge, pumping treatment), calculate the direct engineering cost, measure cost, indirect cost, profit and tax required per unit volume (per cubic meter), and summarize the cost of restoring the water storage function per unit volume.

[0134] This embodiment takes the Xihedi bauxite mining area in Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province as an example, and uses the aquifer water storage function restoration cost accounting method to independently calculate the aquifer damage loss. The contaminated aquifer here is a Quaternary loose porous aquifer, and the grouting curtain plus artificial recharge scheme is adopted. Based on the above quotas and local price levels (labor cost 120 yuan / man-day, cement 450 yuan / ton, water 5 yuan / m³), the unit volume water storage function restoration cost is calculated to be 12.5 yuan / m³ through engineering unit price analysis. This value is consistent with the actual cost of aquifer restoration and treatment projects in similar areas.

[0135] 3. Cost accounting for damage to topography and landforms:

[0136] The travel cost method measures people's willingness to pay for tourist attractions or other entertainment items, thereby estimating the value of tourist attractions. This method can be applied to estimating the loss of topographical landscape. Each scenic area has a corresponding consumer demand curve, demand function, and consumer surplus; the sum of consumer surplus across all regions represents the tourism value of that scenic area. The loss of topographical landscape caused by mineral resource development represents the difference in tourism value between the scenic area before and after mining.

[0137] The consumer demand function of a scenic spot can be expressed as: P i =aCi+bEi+c;

[0138] In the formula: a, b, and c are the regression coefficients of the equation; P i Ci represents the average number of visitors per person; Ci represents tourism spending; and Ei represents socioeconomic indicators.

[0139] Tourism consumption costs are expressed as follows: Ci = αM + β.

[0140] In the formula: α and β are the regression coefficients of the equation; C is the tourism consumption cost; M is the personal economic income.

[0141] A region with n residents has a consumption demand of V. i =n×P i ×-C.

[0142] In the formula: V i Let n be the region's demand for a particular tourist attraction; n be the region's population; and P be the population of the region. i -C represents the average visitor rate per capita; -C represents the average tourism expenditure per capita (RMB).

[0143] The tourism value of a scenic area can be expressed as:

[0144] V=∑V i

[0145] The loss is the difference in value before and after mining:

[0146] L t =V-V0

[0147] In the formula: L t V represents the loss to the scenic area after the development of mineral resources; V represents the tourism value of the scenic area after development; V0 represents the tourism value of the scenic area before development.

[0148] 4. Assessment of the loss of land ecosystem service function value:

[0149] Land use is an indispensable activity for human survival and development. Changes in land use and the resulting alterations in land cover patterns affect the structure, biodiversity, and productivity of ecosystems, thereby altering their functions and values. This study analyzes the province's natural resource situation based on the results of ecological surveys in mining areas. By calculating the ecosystem service functions and values, the impact of land use on ecosystem service functions can be quantitatively represented.

[0150] Table 3 shows the value of ecosystem services per unit area of ​​terrestrial ecosystems in China. This table categorizes ecosystem services into nine functions: gas regulation, climate regulation, water conservation, soil formation and protection, waste management, biodiversity maintenance, food production, material production, and recreation. The climate regulation function includes disturbance regulation from the Costanza et al. (1997) system; soil formation and protection includes soil formation, nutrient cycling, and erosion control from the Costanza et al. (1997) system; and biodiversity maintenance includes pollination, biological control, habitat, and genetic resources from the Costanza et al. (1997) system. In the calculation, orchards are equivalent to planted forests in terms of biomass; therefore, the unit price for orchard services is based on forest land prices. The unit price for ecosystem services on unused land is considered based on the desert-steppe service value. The values ​​of other ecosystem services are calculated using the average value per unit area of ​​terrestrial ecosystem services in China.

[0151] The formula for calculating the value of ecosystem services is: .

[0152] In the formula: The total value loss of land ecosystem service functions within the impact zone of mineral resource development; Land use type per unit area within the affected area ( The total value of ecosystem services (e.g., 1, 2, ..., 10); Land use types affected by mineral resource development The area.

[0153] Table 3. Ecosystem Service Value per Unit Area of ​​Terrestrial Ecosystems in China:

[0154]

[0155] 5. Calculation of the cost model for land resource damage and loss:

[0156] Two methods are used to calculate the damage and loss of land resources:

[0157] (1) Method for calculating the cost of land damage restoration and remediation projects:

[0158] The cost of land damage restoration and remediation includes the costs of engineering reclamation and the costs of bioengineering reclamation. Engineering reclamation refers to the process of restoring land damaged by mining to a usable state through measures such as topsoil stripping, soil replacement, planting, and artificial management. Bioengineering reclamation generally involves selecting suitable vegetation and planting according to certain planting technology standards after engineering reclamation to promote soil maturation and form a stable land ecosystem.

[0159]

[0160] This indicates the total cost of land damage restoration. This indicates the amount of work involved in each restoration project. This indicates the unit price for each restoration project. For detailed unit prices of each restoration project, please refer to the "Implementation Manual of the Latest Budget Quota Standard for Land Development and Consolidation Projects". For parts that do not conform to the local price level, such as the unit price of workers, construction shift fees, and unit prices of water, electricity, and planting plants, the existing local prices shall prevail.

[0161] Basis for calculating the cost of topsoil stripping works: Total amount of topsoil stripping works (m³) 3 ) × Stripping unit price (yuan / 100 m 3 );

[0162] Basis for calculating the cost of topsoil replacement works: Total volume of topsoil replacement works (m³) 3 ) × Price per unit of imported soil (yuan / 100 m 3 );

[0163] Basis for calculating planting project costs: X 种 =∑P i种 ×E i种 (i=1, 2, 3…n), P i种 E represents the unit price for planting a certain plant. i种 The amount of work involved in planting a certain plant;

[0164] Basis for calculating the cost of manual maintenance projects: X 人工管护 =∑P i人工管护 ×E i人工管护 (i=1, 2, 3…n), E i人工管护 The workload (hm) of a certain type of artificial maintenance project in the area to be reclaimed. 2 ), P i人工管护 The unit price for manual maintenance (yuan / hm) 2 / Year).

[0165] (2) Land resource damage loss estimation method based on land price:

[0166] In land damage loss assessment, determining whether the land has suffered permanent damage is crucial. Generally, most land resources can be partially or even fully restored after a disaster through certain measures. Therefore, when evaluating resource losses, only the cost of cleanup and restoration needs to be considered. Specifically, the valuation is based on the damaged area and 1% of the base price for that land type. See Table 4 for the base price of land resources. When some land resources are severely damaged to the point that recovery is difficult or impossible after a disaster, this loss is directly estimated based on the base price of the land. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0167]

[0168] In the formula For a certain type of land; Land area; Unit price (yuan / In actual evaluation, the base price of land resources can be adjusted appropriately according to local conditions.

[0169] Table 4 Base Price of Land Resources

[0170]

[0171] Specifically, in this embodiment, the restoration cost method is used to calculate the land resource damage loss index. Based on the estimated land reclamation investment, the total dynamic investment in land reclamation is 19.1269 million yuan, with a dynamic investment of 68,300 yuan per hectare. The estimated environmental damage loss from mining in the Chaichang mining area over its service life, calculated using the engineering cost method, is 38.2538 million yuan.

[0172] The equivalent factor method was used to calculate the loss of land ecosystem service value. The damaged cultivated land area in the mining area was 124.58 hectares. The output value per unit area of ​​cultivated land in the mining area was calculated based on the average value of corn and millet, with an average crop output value of 11,137.5 yuan per hectare. Based on a 5-year damage period, the total economic loss from the damaged cultivated land is approximately 6.9375 million yuan.

[0173] In the ecosystem service value accounting, the ecosystem service value of one standard equivalent factor is 1591.07 yuan. The types and areas of damaged land in the Chaichang mining area are as follows: 124.58 hectares of cultivated land, 74.56 hectares of orchards, 94.76 hectares of forest land, 36.73 hectares of grassland, and 69.40 hectares of other land. Calculations show that the ecosystem service value of the damaged cultivated land is 1.3697 million yuan / year, the ecosystem service value of orchards and forest land is 3.2943 million yuan / year, the ecosystem service value of grassland is 423,100 yuan / year, and the ecosystem service value of other land is 46,400 yuan / year, totaling 5.1335 million yuan / year. Based on a 5-year damage period, the ecosystem service value loss is 25.6675 million yuan.

[0174] S4. Sum the quantitative results of each loss indicator to obtain the total amount of geological environmental damage loss of the mine to be evaluated.

[0175] Adding together the economic losses of 6.9375 million yuan to cultivated land, the losses of 25.6675 million yuan to ecological service value, and the losses of 38.2538 million yuan to the environmental damage caused by mining, the total losses to the geological environment of the Chaichang bauxite mine amount to approximately 70.8588 million yuan.

[0176] The same method was used to assess the remaining four bauxite mining areas. The total losses from the geological damage to the mining environment in the Ke'e mining area, Xihedi mining area, Xiangwang mining area and Chang'an mining area were approximately RMB 18.9162 million, RMB 99.346 million, RMB 84.3581 million and RMB 41.7952 million, respectively. The total losses of the five bauxite mines amounted to approximately RMB 244 million.

[0177] Analysis based on the restoration cost method for estimating ecological and environmental damage losses from mining reveals that the cost of mine environmental and ecological restoration is closely related to factors such as mining methods, scale, duration of mining operations, and mining area. The annual environmental restoration and remediation costs for the Chaichang bauxite mine account for 1.56% of sales revenue, while for the Ke'e mining area it accounts for 0.92%, the Xihedi mining area for 1.10%, the Xiangwang mining area for 1.48%, and the Chang'an mining area for 1.62%. The average annual ecological restoration cost for open-pit bauxite mining is approximately 1.27% of sales revenue, while for underground bauxite mining it is 1.62%.

[0178] Therefore, the above estimates can be used as a reference for collecting the mine environmental ecological restoration fund. The ecological restoration fund for open-pit bauxite mining can be collected at 1.27% of the annual sales revenue, and the ecological restoration fund for underground bauxite mining can be collected at 1.62% of the annual sales revenue.

[0179] Example 2: This example proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in this invention.

[0180] Example 3: This example proposes an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed, it implements the steps of the method described in this invention.

[0181] It should be noted that the processing flow of embodiments 2-3 corresponds to the specific steps of the method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0182] The program code used to implement the methods of this application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams are implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0183] The specific implementation schemes described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific implementation schemes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An economic assessment method for damage and loss to the geological environment of a mine, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain geological hazard survey data, land resource damage data, aquifer damage data, topographic and landscape damage data, and ecosystem survey data for the mine to be evaluated; S2. Based on the acquired data, construct a mining geological environment damage loss accounting index system, which includes at least two of the following: geological disaster economic loss index, aquifer damage loss index, topographic and geomorphic landscape damage loss index, land ecological service function value loss index, and land resource damage loss index. S3. For each loss indicator, a calculation method matching the value attribute of each loss indicator is used to quantify the loss. The loss quantification calculation of the aquifer damage loss indicator includes: using the aquifer water storage function restoration cost calculation method, which calculates the loss based on the product of the area of ​​the contaminated aquifer, the thickness of the contaminated aquifer, and the unit volume water storage function restoration cost. S4. Sum the quantitative results of each loss indicator to obtain the total amount of geological environmental damage loss of the mine to be evaluated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantitative calculation of the economic loss indicators for geological disasters includes: The human capital approach is used to calculate population casualty losses caused by geological disasters, including loss of life and loss of disability. The restoration cost method is used to account for property losses caused by geological disasters, including losses to buildings and transportation facilities.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantitative calculation of the aquifer damage loss index also includes at least one of the following methods: The cost-of-remediation method for groundwater pollution is adopted, which calculates the cost based on the product of the amount of polluted groundwater and the unit cost of remediation. The groundwater resource value loss accounting method is adopted, which calculates the loss based on the sum of the pure extraction cost of groundwater and the extraction value of groundwater resources. The economic loss accounting method caused by the decline of groundwater level is adopted, which calculates the loss by multiplying the rate of decline of groundwater level, the amount of groundwater extracted, and the increase in unit water extraction cost.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantitative calculation of the damage to the topography and landform landscape includes: The travel cost method is used for accounting, and the amount of damage to the topography and landscape is obtained by calculating the difference between the tourism value of the area before mining and the tourism value of the area after mining.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantitative calculation of the loss of the land ecosystem service function value index includes: The equivalent factor method is used to calculate the loss of land ecosystem service function value by multiplying the damaged area of ​​each type of land use within the mining area to be evaluated by the corresponding ecosystem service value per unit area, and then summing the calculation results of each type of land use to obtain the loss of land ecosystem service function value. The value of ecosystem services per unit area is determined according to the equivalent table of ecosystem services per unit area of ​​terrestrial ecosystems, and the land use type includes at least one of forest, grassland, farmland, wetland, water area and desert.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantitative calculation of the land resource damage and loss indicators includes at least one of the following methods: The cost of land damage restoration and remediation is calculated using the restoration cost method. The land damage restoration and remediation costs include at least one of the following: topsoil stripping engineering costs, soil replacement engineering costs, planting engineering costs, and manual maintenance engineering costs. The land resource damage loss estimation method based on land price is used for calculation. The damaged area of ​​each type of land within the mining area to be evaluated is multiplied by the corresponding land resource base price, and the calculation results of each type of land are added together to obtain the amount of land resource damage loss.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory is used to store computer program instructions; A processor, coupled to the memory, is configured to execute computer program instructions stored in the memory to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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