A method for evaluating the repair effect of an open-pit mine

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of open-pit mine repair effect evaluation method, comprising: obtaining the multidimensional ecological physical data of target evaluation area and corresponding reference area;Multi-dimensional ecological physical data is normalized and fused calculation, and the comprehensive evaluation index of target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of reference area are obtained;Based on the relative relationship of the comprehensive evaluation index of target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of reference area, the ecological restoration state of target evaluation area is determined.The present application comprehensively reflects the recovery condition of mine ecological system from multiple dimensions, and takes natural reference area as the benchmark, which can realize the clear discrimination of repair stage, is suitable for the evaluation of small-scale spatial unit of open-pit mine, and the evaluation result is objective, comprehensive and intuitive, which can be used to guide mine ecological restoration decision and effectiveness test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration evaluation technology, and in particular to a method for evaluating the restoration effect of open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining severely damages the original ecological structure of a region, causing a series of ecological problems such as vegetation destruction, soil degradation, sharp decline in biodiversity, reduced water and soil conservation capacity, and loss of carbon sequestration function. Conducting mine ecological restoration and accurately evaluating its effectiveness are core aspects of mine ecological governance and regional ecological restoration. Ecosystem multifunctionality is a core indicator for measuring the overall health and service capacity of an ecosystem. It comprehensively reflects the restoration level of multiple core ecosystem functions and serves as an important basis for evaluating the effectiveness of mine restoration.

[0003] Current ecological assessment technologies suffer from significant limitations in applicability and bias in evaluation: the ecological zone identification method disclosed in authorized patent CN119671302B is only applicable to the assessment of ecological multifunctionality and stability at a large regional scale, and cannot be adapted to the small-scale assessment scenario of open-pit mines, resulting in insufficient evaluation accuracy and adaptability. The multifunctionality assessment method of alpine grassland ecosystems disclosed in patent application CN120975644A is designed only for the special ecosystems of alpine grasslands and cannot be adapted to the ecosystems of open-pit mines with severely damaged structures and special ecological bases; at the same time, this method only selects three functions—productivity, plant diversity, and soil nutrient cycling—for evaluation, resulting in a one-sided evaluation dimension and the lack of clear evaluation reference standards. It cannot quantify the recovery stage and degree of restoration of the ecosystem, making it difficult to achieve a comprehensive, objective, and quantitative assessment of the restoration effect of open-pit mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration in response to the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] A method for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration includes the following steps:

[0006] Acquire multidimensional ecological and physical data of the target evaluation area and the corresponding reference area; wherein, the multidimensional ecological and physical data includes at least one of vegetation physical measurement data, soil physicochemical sampling data and remote sensing spectral data;

[0007] The multidimensional ecological physical data are normalized and fused to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

[0008] Based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area, the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area is determined.

[0009] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0010] The vegetation physical measurement data includes at least one of biomass and diversity index;

[0011] The soil physicochemical sampling data includes at least one of organic matter content and carbon storage;

[0012] The remote sensing spectral data includes the normalized vegetation index.

[0013] In one embodiment, normalizing and fusing the multidimensional ecological physical data to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation region and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference region includes:

[0014] Acquire the multidimensional ecophysical data across multiple evaluation time layers;

[0015] The same evaluation index in the multidimensional ecological physical data is standardized by the maximum-minimum value normalization method to obtain standardized values.

[0016] The standardized values ​​are weighted and summed based on preset weights to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation region and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference region.

[0017] In one embodiment, the same evaluation index in the multidimensional ecophysical data is standardized using the maximum-minimum normalization method to obtain standardized values, including:

[0018] Calculate the standardized value using the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] in, Represents standardized values. This represents the original evaluation index value. This represents the minimum value. This represents the maximum value.

[0021] In one embodiment, the standardized values ​​are weighted and summed based on preset weights to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation region and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference region, including:

[0022] Since the target evaluation area is a single evaluation unit, the first comprehensive evaluation index is calculated according to the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] in, This represents the first comprehensive evaluation index; This represents the number of ecosystem function items, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 5; Indicates the first Standardized values ​​of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions; Indicates the first The weights of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions;

[0025] Since the target evaluation area contains multiple evaluation units, the second comprehensive evaluation index is calculated according to the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] in, This represents the second comprehensive evaluation index; Indicates the number of ecosystem function items; Indicates the first Standardized values ​​of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions; Indicates the number of evaluation units; Indicates the first The area of ​​each evaluation unit; Indicates the total area of ​​the evaluation unit; Indicates the first The weights of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions.

[0028] In one embodiment, the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area is determined based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area, including:

[0029] Calculate the ratio of the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area to the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area;

[0030] The corresponding repair effect level is determined based on the preset threshold range into which the ratio falls;

[0031] The preset threshold range is divided into five consecutive intervals by a first threshold, a second threshold, a third threshold, and a fourth threshold, which are in ascending order, and each interval corresponds to a different level of repair effect.

[0032] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0033] A visual display is generated based on the ecological restoration status and the spatial geographical location of the target evaluation area.

[0034] An evaluation system for the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration, used to implement the evaluation method for the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration as described above, includes:

[0035] The data acquisition module is used to acquire multidimensional ecological and physical data of the target evaluation area and the corresponding reference area; wherein, the multidimensional ecological and physical data includes at least one of vegetation physical measurement data, soil physicochemical sampling data and remote sensing spectral data;

[0036] The fusion calculation module is used to normalize and fusion calculate the multidimensional ecological physical data to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

[0037] The status determination module is used to determine the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

[0038] An apparatus includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation method described in the above embodiments.

[0039] A storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation method described in the above embodiments.

[0040] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Addressing the shortcomings of existing open-pit mine ecological restoration evaluation technologies, such as poor scenario adaptability, single evaluation dimensions, lack of standardized reference systems, and inability to quantify the degree of ecological restoration, this invention constructs a comprehensive, quantifiable, and comparable evaluation system for open-pit mine restoration effects based on the multifunctionality of the ecosystem. This system collects multi-source, multi-dimensional ecological and physical data from vegetation, soil, and remote sensing, and uses the maximum-minimum normalization method to eliminate differences in indicator dimensions. A comprehensive evaluation index is calculated based on a weighted summation formula corresponding to the number of mine evaluation units, ensuring the system remains undisturbed. Based on the original reference area, the invention divides the restoration effect into five levels and enables spatial visualization of the evaluation results. It covers five core ecological functions: production, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, soil and water conservation, and carbon sequestration. It effectively makes up for the one-sidedness and limitations of traditional evaluation methods, accurately adapts to the small-scale and refined evaluation scenario of open-pit mines, and can objectively and quantitatively reflect the overall restoration level and stage of the mine ecosystem. It can provide scientific and reliable technical support for the evaluation of the ecological restoration effectiveness of open-pit mines, the optimization of restoration plans, and regional ecological governance decisions. The overall evaluation accuracy and engineering practicality are significantly better than existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation system in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0045] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a method for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration is provided, including the following steps:

[0047] Step S101: Obtain multidimensional ecological and physical data of the target evaluation area and the corresponding reference area; wherein, the multidimensional ecological and physical data includes at least one of vegetation physical measurement data, soil physicochemical sampling data and remote sensing spectral data.

[0048] Specifically, the target evaluation area is the open-pit mine area whose restoration effect is to be evaluated, which may consist of one or more mine evaluation patches; the reference area is selected within 0.5-3km outside the mine evaluation patches, which is a typical native plant community with minimal human interference and a complete vegetation community structure, serving as a benchmark control system for mine ecological restoration.

[0049] During the data collection phase, standardized quadrats were set up for different ecological indicators. 10m×10m quadrats were used for tree surveys, 5m×5m quadrats for shrub surveys, and 1m×1m quadrats for herb surveys. 3-5 tree quadrats, 6-10 shrub quadrats, and 9-15 herb quadrats were set up in the evaluation area and the reference area, respectively, to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data collection.

[0050] Based on this, the vegetation physical measurement data includes at least one of biomass and diversity index;

[0051] The soil physicochemical sampling data includes at least one of organic matter content and carbon storage;

[0052] The remote sensing spectral data includes the normalized vegetation index.

[0053] Specifically, tree species, tree height, and diameter at breast height (DBH); shrub species, ground diameter, plant height, and crown width were recorded; tree and shrub biomass was calculated using a model; herbaceous biomass was determined using the total harvest method; and the species and number of individuals in each quadrat were statistically analyzed to calculate the Shannon-Wiener diversity index.

[0054]

[0055] in, This represents the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Indicates species The proportion of individuals of a species to the total number of individuals of all species in the community; Indicates the number of species.

[0056] Soil samples from the 0-30cm layer were collected within tree quadrats using an S-shaped five-point sampling method. After mixing, air-drying, grinding, and sieving, the soil organic carbon content was determined using the potassium dichromate-external heating method, and the soil organic matter content was obtained using a conversion factor of 1.724. Soil bulk density was determined using the ring sampler method, and the volume percentage of gravel with a diameter >2mm was determined using the drainage method. Combined with soil organic carbon content and soil layer thickness, the soil carbon storage was calculated. The carbon content of plants and litter was obtained through quadrat sampling and experimental testing. Plant carbon storage and litter carbon storage were calculated, and the total regional carbon storage was obtained by integrating these methods.

[0057]

[0058] in, This indicates soil carbon storage (kg / m2). This indicates the soil organic carbon content (g / kg). Indicates the thickness of the soil layer (cm). This indicates the soil bulk density (g / cm3). This indicates the proportion of volume occupied by gravel with a diameter > 2 mm.

[0059] Remote sensing images of the evaluation and reference areas were collected using multispectral UAVs, and red (R) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral data were extracted to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).

[0060]

[0061] Step S102: Normalize and fuse the multidimensional ecological physical data to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

[0062] Specifically, the multidimensional ecological physical data are normalized and fused to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index for the target evaluation area and the reference area.

[0063] Based on this, the multidimensional ecological physical data are normalized and fused to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area, including:

[0064] Acquire the multidimensional ecophysical data across multiple evaluation time layers;

[0065] The same evaluation index in the multidimensional ecological physical data was standardized using the maximum-minimum normalization method to obtain standardized values:

[0066]

[0067] in, Represents standardized values. This represents the original evaluation index value. This represents the minimum value. Indicates the maximum value;

[0068] The standardized values ​​are weighted and summed based on preset weights to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation region and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference region.

[0069] Specifically, multidimensional ecophysical data from multiple evaluation time layers of the target evaluation area and reference area are obtained, and five standardized datasets are constructed, including biomass, soil organic matter content, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, normalized vegetation index, and carbon storage.

[0070] The minimum-maximum normalization method is used to standardize the same evaluation index in each dataset, eliminating differences in the units of measurement of different indicators, and normalizing all indicators to the interval [0, 1]. The standardization calculation formula is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] in, To standardize the values ​​of the indicators, These are the original measured values ​​of the indicators. The minimum value of the metric for the corresponding dataset. This represents the maximum value of the metric for the corresponding dataset.

[0073] Based on this, the standardized values ​​are weighted and summed according to preset weights to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation region and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference region, including:

[0074] Since the target evaluation area is a single evaluation unit, the first comprehensive evaluation index is calculated according to the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] in, This represents the first comprehensive evaluation index; This represents the number of ecosystem function items, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 5; Indicates the first Standardized values ​​of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions; Indicates the first The weights of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions;

[0077] Since the target evaluation area contains multiple evaluation units, the second comprehensive evaluation index is calculated according to the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] in, This represents the second comprehensive evaluation index; Indicates the number of ecosystem function items; Indicates the first Standardized values ​​of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions; Indicates the number of evaluation units; Indicates the first The area of ​​each evaluation unit; Indicates the total area of ​​the evaluation unit; Indicates the first The weights of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions.

[0080] Specifically, standardized values ​​are weighted and summed based on preset weights to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index for both the target evaluation area and the reference area. In this embodiment, the production function, nutrient cycling function, biodiversity function, soil and water conservation function, and carbon sequestration function of the open-pit mine ecosystem are of equal importance, and the weight of each indicator is uniformly preset to 1.

[0081] When the target evaluation area is a single mine evaluation patch, the first comprehensive evaluation index calculation formula is used:

[0082]

[0083] in, It is a comprehensive evaluation index for a single map patch. The number of ecosystem function items (1≤n≤5). No. Standardized values ​​for ecological function indicators.

[0084] When the target evaluation area contains multiple mine evaluation patches, the second comprehensive evaluation index is calculated using the proportion of each patch's area to the total area as the weight:

[0085]

[0086] in, This is a weighted comprehensive evaluation index for multiple map features. This represents the number of map patches used for mine evaluation. For the first The area of ​​each evaluation patch, The total area of ​​all evaluated patches. For the number of ecosystem function items, For the first Standardized values ​​for ecological function indicators.

[0087] Step S103: Based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area, determine the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area.

[0088] Specifically, the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area is determined based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

[0089] Based on this, and considering the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area, the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area is determined, including:

[0090] Calculate the ratio of the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area to the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area;

[0091] The corresponding repair effect level is determined based on the preset threshold range into which the ratio falls;

[0092] The preset threshold range is divided into five consecutive intervals by a first threshold, a second threshold, a third threshold, and a fourth threshold, which are in ascending order, and each interval corresponds to a different level of repair effect.

[0093] Specifically, calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area ( ) and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area ( The ratio of the repair effect to the target value is used to classify the repair effect into five levels based on the preset threshold range within which the ratio falls. This embodiment presets five consecutive threshold ranges, from low to high: first threshold 0.2, second threshold 0.4, third threshold 0.6, and fourth threshold 0.8. The corresponding relationships are shown in Table 1 below.

[0094] Table 1. Classification Table

[0095] In addition to this, it also includes:

[0096] A visual display is generated based on the ecological restoration status and the spatial geographical location of the target evaluation area.

[0097] Specifically, the evaluation results (including standardized values ​​of various functions, comprehensive evaluation index and level) are linked with the spatial geographical location of the evaluation patches. Different colors are used to represent the high and low values, and thematic maps are generated for display, so that managers can intuitively grasp the distribution of the restoration effect.

[0098] The open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation method provided by this invention has the following significant advantages compared with the prior art:

[0099] To address the shortcomings of existing open-pit mine ecological restoration evaluation technologies, such as poor scenario adaptability, single evaluation dimensions, lack of standardized reference systems, and inability to quantify the degree of ecological restoration, this invention constructs a comprehensive, quantifiable, and comparable evaluation system for open-pit mine restoration effects based on the multifunctionality of ecosystems. This system collects multi-source, multi-dimensional ecological and physical data from vegetation, soil, and remote sensing, and uses the maximum-minimum normalization method to eliminate differences in indicator dimensions. A comprehensive evaluation index is calculated based on the number of mine evaluation units and a corresponding weighted summation formula. Five levels of restoration effectiveness are defined using undisturbed native reference areas as a benchmark, and the evaluation results can be spatially visualized. This invention covers five core ecological functions: production, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, soil and water conservation, and carbon sequestration. It effectively compensates for the limitations and one-sidedness of traditional evaluation methods, accurately adapts to the small-scale, refined evaluation scenarios of open-pit mines, and can objectively and quantitatively reflect the overall restoration level and stage of the mine ecosystem. It provides scientific and reliable technical support for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine ecological restoration, optimizing restoration plans, and making regional ecological governance decisions. The overall evaluation accuracy and engineering practicality are significantly superior to existing technologies.

[0100] It should be noted that the method of this embodiment can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method of this embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method described.

[0101] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0102] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the invention pertain.

[0103] Based on the same inventive concept, and corresponding to any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides an evaluation system for the restoration effect of open-pit mines.

[0104] refer to Figure 2 The open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation system includes:

[0105] The data acquisition module 201 is used to acquire multidimensional ecological and physical data of the target evaluation area and the corresponding reference area; wherein, the multidimensional ecological and physical data includes at least one of vegetation physical measurement data, soil physicochemical sampling data and remote sensing spectral data;

[0106] The fusion calculation module 202 is used to normalize and fusion calculate the multidimensional ecological physical data to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

[0107] The status determination module 203 is used to determine the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

[0108] For ease of description, the above system is described by dividing it into various modules based on their functions. Of course, in implementing this invention, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware components.

[0109] The system described above is used to implement a corresponding open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation method in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0111] Figure 3 This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device. The device may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0112] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0113] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0114] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., while output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0115] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0116] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0117] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0118] The electronic device described above is used to implement a corresponding open-pit mine restoration effect evaluation method in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to execute a method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0120] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0121] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute a method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0122] The technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments thereof. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0123] Example 1

[0124] This embodiment uses a specific open-pit mine restoration project as an example to evaluate the effects of restoration on a single mine assessment patch before (2022) and after (2025). The assessment area is 39.58 hectares.

[0125] 1. Data Survey

[0126] A typical plant community with minimal human disturbance was selected 2.4 km outside the mine assessment patch as a reference area. Four tree quadrats (10 m × 10 m), eight shrub quadrats (5 m × 5 m), and twelve herbaceous quadrats (1 m × 1 m) were established in both the assessment and reference areas. The survey data include:

[0127] 1) Biomass survey

[0128] Biomass includes tree, shrub, and herbaceous biomass. Tree species, tree height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) were obtained from quadrat surveys, as were shrub species, ground diameter, plant height, and crown width. Herbaceous biomass was calculated using the typical quadrat total harvest method.

[0129] 2) Soil organic matter survey

[0130] Five sampling points were arranged in an S-shape in the tree quadrat. Soil samples of 0-30 cm were collected from each sampling point. The five soil samples were mixed, air-dried, ground and sieved to remove impurities. The soil organic carbon content was determined by the potassium dichromate-external heating method, and the organic matter content was obtained by conversion factor of 1.724.

[0131] 3) Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index Survey

[0132] Record the species and the number of individuals in each quadrat.

[0133] 4) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Survey

[0134] Multispectral UAVs were used to acquire remote sensing images of the evaluation area and the reference area. The remote sensing image spectra include the red band (R) and the near-infrared band (NIR), and the NDVI was calculated.

[0135] 5) Carbon storage survey

[0136] Plant biomass data were obtained from the above-mentioned biomass data. Litter biomass was measured using 50cm×50cm quadrats. Carbon content was determined by oxidation with potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid solution after crushing plant and litter samples. Soil organic carbon content was determined using the above-mentioned measurements, soil bulk density was measured using the ring sampler method, and the volume ratio of gravel with a diameter >2mm was determined using the drainage method.

[0137] 2. Data Processing

[0138] Each indicator is calculated as follows:

[0139] 1) Biomass data processing

[0140] Tree biomass was calculated using a tree biomass model based on data such as tree species, tree height, and diameter at breast height (DBH). Shrub biomass was calculated using a shrub biomass model based on data such as shrub species, ground diameter, plant height, and crown width.

[0141] Biomass = Tree biomass + Shrub biomass + Herb biomass

[0142] 2) Soil organic matter data processing

[0143] Soil organic matter content is calculated using soil organic carbon content.

[0144] Soil organic matter content = 1.724 × Soil organic carbon content

[0145] 3) Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index Data Processing

[0146] The formula for calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index is:

[0147]

[0148] In the formula: The Shannon-Wiener index, Indicates species The proportion of individuals of a species to the total number of individuals of all species in the community; Indicates the number of species.

[0149] 4) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Data Processing

[0150] The formula for calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is as follows:

[0151]

[0152] In the formula: Red band, It is in the near-infrared band.

[0153] 5) Carbon storage data processing

[0154] The formula for calculating plant carbon storage is as follows:

[0155] Plant carbon storage = plant biomass × plant carbon content

[0156] The formula for calculating litter carbon storage is as follows:

[0157] Litter carbon storage = litter biomass × litter carbon content

[0158] The formula for calculating soil carbon storage is as follows:

[0159]

[0160] In the formula: Soil carbon storage (kg / m2). Soil organic carbon content (g / kg). The soil layer thickness is in cm. Soil bulk density (g / cm3) It is the ratio of the volume occupied by gravel with a diameter >2mm.

[0161] The formula for calculating carbon reserves is as follows:

[0162] Carbon storage = Plant carbon storage + Litter carbon storage + Soil carbon storage

[0163] 3. Data standardization

[0164] The values ​​of the same evaluation index from each evaluation time level were aggregated to form a dataset, resulting in five datasets: biomass dataset, soil organic matter content dataset, Shannon-Wiener diversity index dataset, normalized vegetation index (NDVI) dataset, and carbon storage dataset.

[0165] The maximum-minimum normalization method is adopted to select the maximum and minimum values ​​in each dataset, calculate the maximum difference between the maximum and minimum values, subtract the minimum value from each value in the dataset, divide the difference by the maximum difference, and obtain the normalized value of the evaluation index. The value is in the range of [0, 1], and the standardized dataset of the evaluation index is obtained, as shown in Table 2 below.

[0166]

[0167] Table 2. Schematic diagram of evaluation indicators

[0168] Create a dataset:

[0169]

[0170] Standardized dataset:

[0171]

[0172] 4. Overall Evaluation

[0173] In this embodiment, the production function, nutrient cycling function, biodiversity function, soil and water conservation function, and carbon sequestration function are of equal importance. Therefore, the evaluation index of each function has the same weight, which is set to 1.

[0174] This embodiment uses a single mine evaluation patch, and the weight of each evaluation indicator is 1:

[0175]

[0176] In the formula, The comprehensive evaluation index for the evaluation area; For the number of ecosystem function items, ; For the first Standardized values ​​of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions.

[0177] The evaluation results of this case are shown in Table 3 below.

[0178]

[0179] Table 3 Evaluation Results

[0180] Comparative analysis of the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area ( ) and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area ( The degree of similarity between the target evaluation area and the target evaluation area in 2022 is less than that of the comprehensive evaluation index. Its repair effect is poor; the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area in 2025 is between and In the past, the restoration efforts in the target evaluation area were less effective. After restoration, the multifunctionality of the ecosystem in the target evaluation area improved to some extent.

[0181] While specific details have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive. Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the foregoing description.

[0182] The embodiments of this invention are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations falling within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration, characterized in that, include: Acquire multidimensional ecological and physical data of the target evaluation area and the corresponding reference area; wherein, the multidimensional ecological and physical data includes at least one of vegetation physical measurement data, soil physicochemical sampling data and remote sensing spectral data; The multidimensional ecological physical data are normalized and fused to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area. Based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area, the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area is determined.

2. The method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The vegetation physical measurement data includes at least one of biomass and diversity index; The soil physicochemical sampling data includes at least one of organic matter content and carbon storage; The remote sensing spectral data includes the normalized vegetation index.

3. The method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of normalizing and fusing the multidimensional ecological physical data to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area includes: Acquire the multidimensional ecophysical data across multiple evaluation time layers; The same evaluation index in the multidimensional ecological physical data is standardized by the maximum-minimum value normalization method to obtain standardized values. The standardized values ​​are weighted and summed based on preset weights to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation region and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference region.

4. The method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The standardization process for the same evaluation index in the multidimensional ecological physical data using the maximum-minimum value normalization method yields standardized values ​​including: Calculate the standardized value using the following formula: in, Represents standardized values. This represents the original evaluation index value. This represents the minimum value. This represents the maximum value.

5. The method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of weighting and summing the standardized values ​​based on preset weights to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation region and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference region includes: Since the target evaluation area is a single evaluation unit, the first comprehensive evaluation index is calculated according to the following formula: in, This represents the first comprehensive evaluation index; This represents the number of ecosystem function items, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 5; Indicates the first Standardized values ​​of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions; Indicates the first The weights of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions; Since the target evaluation area contains multiple evaluation units, the second comprehensive evaluation index is calculated according to the following formula: in, This represents the second comprehensive evaluation index; Indicates the number of ecosystem function items; Indicates the first Standardized values ​​of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions; Indicates the number of evaluation units; Indicates the first The area of ​​each evaluation unit; Indicates the total area of ​​the evaluation unit; Indicates the first The weights of evaluation indicators for ecosystem functions.

6. The method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area includes: Calculate the ratio of the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area to the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area; The corresponding repair effect level is determined based on the preset threshold range into which the ratio falls; The preset threshold range is divided into five consecutive intervals by a first threshold, a second threshold, a third threshold, and a fourth threshold, which are in ascending order, and each interval corresponds to a different level of repair effect.

7. The method for evaluating the effect of open-pit mine restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A visual display is generated based on the ecological restoration status and the spatial geographical location of the target evaluation area.

8. A system for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration, characterized in that, A method for evaluating the effectiveness of open-pit mine restoration as described in any one of claims 1-7, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multidimensional ecological and physical data of the target evaluation area and the corresponding reference area; wherein, the multidimensional ecological and physical data includes at least one of vegetation physical measurement data, soil physicochemical sampling data and remote sensing spectral data; The fusion calculation module is used to normalize and fusion calculate the multidimensional ecological physical data to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area. The status determination module is used to determine the ecological restoration status of the target evaluation area based on the relative relationship between the comprehensive evaluation index of the target evaluation area and the comprehensive evaluation index of the reference area.

9. An apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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