Intelligent children mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611266672.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-13
AI Technical Summary
这种纯屏幕方案缺乏真实的物理阻力、三维空间位姿变化、精细抓握动作等触觉输入,不符合学前儿童通过物理实体操作构建大脑神经连接的认知发育规律
(1)实现手眼脑协同,构建多感官通道数学逻辑对应关系
Smart Images

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Abstract
Description
[Technical Field]
[0001] This invention relates to the fields of intelligent teaching equipment, human-computer interaction and Internet of Things (IoT) technology, specifically to an intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback, suitable for mathematical thinking enlightenment, logical reasoning training, spatial posture perception and intelligent IoT interactive teaching in home and kindergarten settings for preschool children aged 3-6. [Background Technology]
[0002] Preschool children, especially those aged 3-6, are in a critical period of transition from intuitive-action thinking to concrete-image thinking. Hands-on manipulation of physical teaching aids, such as building blocks and geometric puzzles, is the most effective physiological and psychological pathway for them to develop mathematical logical thinking, such as number concepts, spatial orientation, classification, and correspondence. However, existing teaching terminal equipment has the following significant drawbacks: (1) The pure two-dimensional screen solution forcibly severs the cognitive pattern of "hand-eye-brain coordination". While current early childhood education learning machines or tablet teaching applications on the market can provide vivid multimedia visuals, young children's learning behavior is completely limited to fingertip swiping on a two-dimensional screen. This pure screen solution lacks tactile input such as real physical resistance, three-dimensional spatial posture changes, and fine grasping movements, which does not conform to the cognitive development pattern of preschool children building neural connections in the brain through physical manipulation.
[0003] (2) Traditional physical teaching aids lack immediate feedback, which can easily lead to children making mistakes blindly or becoming irritable. Traditional educational toys such as building blocks and geometric puzzles are passive entities without sensory input or feedback. Without constant adult guidance and supervision, these toys cannot provide timely feedback when young children make spatial errors or geometric mistakes, easily leading them into a mechanical and blind cycle of trial and error. Repeated setbacks can also cause children to feel frustrated and eventually give up learning. Traditional teaching models largely rely on adults directly telling children what is right or wrong, depriving them of the adaptive exploration process of self-correction.
[0004] (3) Existing smart hardware terminals lack low-cost reconstruction algorithms for the pose and fine manipulation of physical teaching aids. Some existing technical solutions attempt to add chips inside the teaching aids or use cameras for positioning. Pure vision positioning solutions are easily blocked by children's hands, causing image signal interruption, interaction lag, and interference with children's attention. Traditional 3D positioning sensors, such as gyroscopes and ultra-wideband positioning modules, have high hardware costs and high power consumption, making them difficult to implement on a large scale in consumer products like preschool teaching aids that require long battery life, drop resistance, and low cost.
[0005] (4) Lack of tactile multi-sensory feedback linkage algorithm adapted to children's psychological characteristics Existing educational hardware with feedback functions often employs simple and mechanical feedback logic: a green light illuminates for a correct answer, while a red light illuminates for an incorrect answer, triggering a piercing beep. This intense sensory stimulation can easily cause over-excitement or anxiety in young children. Developing a hardware-software linkage mechanism that adapts to children's psychological resilience and provides both gentle yet clear frustration alerts and positive reinforcement is a pressing technical challenge in this field.
[0006] A search of the Chinese patent database revealed that patent CN202111434423.0 is a method for producing vanillin, and patent CN202010244509.6 is a chemical extraction method. Neither patent is related to the technical field of this application.
[0007] The following technical solution has not yet been disclosed in the existing technology: combining a pressure sensing matrix and a radio frequency identification antenna, relying on a microcontroller algorithm to calculate the slight tilt and spatial position of the physical teaching aid in real time, thereby realizing a teaching terminal with visual and multi-level tactile linkage feedback. [Summary of the Invention]
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual feedback linkage. This invention aims to fully preserve the tactile cognitive path of children's hands-on manipulation of real physical building blocks; relying on data fusion technology of pressure sensors and radio frequency antennas, it achieves low-cost, anti-hand occlusion-resistant high-precision real-time reconstruction of the spatial pose of teaching aids, including position and rotation angle; it develops a gentle tactile frustration prompt mechanism based on adaptive adjustment of PWM parameters according to the number of errors, adapting to the psychological adjustment characteristics of preschool children; and it constructs a multi-sensory linkage feedback closed loop combining tactile micro-vibration, light trajectory guidance, three-dimensional visual projection, and electroacoustic broadcasting to achieve high-quality adaptive exploration training of mathematical thinking. [Technical Solution]
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback. The hardware composition and control logic of the terminal are described in claims 1-5, and will not be repeated here.
[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides an adaptive training control and intelligent power consumption management method for the aforementioned terminal. The implementation steps of the method are described in claims 6-7, and will not be repeated here. [Beneficial Effects]
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Achieve hand-eye-brain coordination and construct a multi-sensory channel mathematical logic correspondence. This invention achieves high-precision electrical signal linkage between tactile input from physical identification teaching aids, visual output from lighting and projection, and auditory output from speakers. During the assembly process of the teaching aids, the system outputs real-time light effects, micro-vibrations, and animated particle feedback based on the geometric logic of the assembly and the degree of spatial alignment, thereby accelerating the development of children's spatial thinking and geometric logic abilities.
[0012] (2) Pressure-RF dual-source sensor data fusion to solve the problems of occlusion interference and attitude reconstruction. This invention uses a thin-film pressure sensor centroid algorithm to determine the physical centroid of the teaching aid, and performs a difference calculation with the theoretical geometric center obtained from an RFID antenna. The attitude is then calculated based on Euclidean distance deviation and vector deflection. This eliminates the need for expensive 3D positioning chips and does not rely on camera-based visual recognition, calculating the tilt and rotation angles of the teaching aid with low hardware costs. Even if a child's hands largely obscure the teaching aid, the system still relies on pressure signals to recognize the assembly behavior, ensuring a smooth and lag-free teaching interaction.
[0013] (3) A unique adaptive frustration tactile control based on PWM was developed to build a teaching scaffold that is adapted to children's psychology. This invention abandons the traditional, simple traffic light-style correct / incorrect prompts. When a child makes a building error, the system adaptively adjusts the duty cycle and drive frequency of the vibration motor based on the number of incorrect attempts; a few errors are addressed with a mild, slightly tingling warning; and repeated blind attempts are followed by low-frequency, high-amplitude damped vibration intervention. While protecting the child's confidence in learning, tactile signals guide the child to rethink rationally.
[0014] (4) Pressure-triggered hardware wake-up power management enables extremely low-power, seamless standby. This invention uses a pressure sensing matrix as a hardware wake-up source; when the terminal is idle, the main power supply to the RF antenna and display device is cut off, and the device enters deep sleep mode; when a child touches the base plate and a sudden pressure change occurs, the power circuit is immediately triggered to enable power-on, and the device wakes up within one second, seamlessly switching between working and sleep modes, effectively improving battery life in home and kindergarten usage scenarios. [Attached Image Description]
[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the hardware structure of an intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback in an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure: 1-Intelligent training base plate; 2-Thin film pressure sensor matrix; 3-RFID read / write array module; 4-Main control unit; 5-Digital projection module; 6-Triangle Cat IP physical teaching aid. Figure 2 This is a block diagram showing the electrical connection between the internal sensors and the microcontroller unit (MCU) of the intelligent training base plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3This is a flowchart of the algorithm steps S1-S4 for the joint calculation of spatial pose and centroid offset in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Here is the formula for calculating the physical centroid coordinates in Example 2; Figure 5 Here is the formula for calculating the Euclidean distance deviation of the centroid in Example 2; Figure 6 Here is the formula for calculating the rotation angle of the teaching aid in Example 2; Figure 7 This is a curve diagram illustrating the adaptive duty cycle control of a tactile frustration alert mechanism based on multi-path pulse width modulation (PWM) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 Here is the formula for calculating the adaptive parameters of PWM in Example 3; Figure 9 This is a control state transition diagram under the conditions of correct and incorrect assembly of the multi-channel linkage actuator in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the logic of the adaptive guidance prompt LED luminous scaffolding auxiliary algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel high-efficiency power intelligent management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Implementation Methods
[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and working principles of this invention clearer and more complete, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0017] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment discloses an intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback, including the following hardware components: (1) Intelligent training base plate 100 The intelligent training base 100 has a preferred size of 40cm × 30cm. The outer shell is made of food-grade ABS environmentally friendly plastic, which is drop-proof and waterproof. The surface of the base is set with a splicing groove area; the surface of the splicing groove area is equipped with a thin-film piezoresistive pressure sensor FSR matrix 101; the sensors are arranged in a square grid with a center-to-center spacing of 1.5cm, ensuring that at least 4 pressure sensing nodes can be covered after placing any teaching aid with a side length greater than or equal to 2cm.
[0018] A radio frequency identification (RFID) read / write array antenna 102 is deployed beneath the pressure sensor matrix. This array antenna comprises 16 grid PCB loop antennas, electrically connected to a multi-channel RF controller 1021 (e.g., RC522 or PN532) via 16 analog switches, such as CD74HC4067. The microcontroller performs high-speed polling time-division scanning via an SPI interface, with a single complete scan cycle taking less than 50ms.
[0019] (2) 200 physical signage teaching aids The physical identification teaching aid 200 consists of various shaped building blocks, such as red triangular blocks and blue round blocks, with the Triangle Cat IP cartoon image printed on the outer surface of the blocks. A passive radio frequency RFID electronic tag 201 is placed in the center of the inside of each block; the tag is preferably a 13.56MHz Mifare 1K tag or an NTAG213 tag; a unique ID code is burned into the tag, which records the shape, color, and corresponding mathematical attribute information of the building block.
[0020] (3) Microcontroller Unit MCU300 The microcontroller unit 300 is integrated on the control circuit board inside the baseboard; a low-power 32-bit microprocessor, such as STM32F407 or ESP32, is selected. The microprocessor integrates multiple ADC channels for acquiring analog voltage signals from the pressure sensor matrix, sets up an SPI interface for RFID polling control, and configures multiple hardware PWM channels for driving LED light strips, vibration motors, and speakers.
[0021] (4) Linkage actuator and visual feedback display device The LED matrix 401 is deployed on the lower layer of the assembly area. Each pressure sensor is surrounded by a tri-color RGB-LED, and the WS2812B driver chip enables independent addressing and control of the light emission of each LED.
[0022] The tactile vibration motor 402 is a surface-mount flat brushless miniature vibration motor, which is installed in the middle of the lower part of the base plate assembly area and is connected to the GPIO pin of the MCU through a PWM drive circuit.
[0023] The visual feedback display device 403 preferably uses a small, ultra-short-throw, high-brightness projector, which is fixedly mounted on a bracket above the base plate and projects AR three-dimensional virtual animation vertically onto the base plate.
[0024] Referring to Figure 3, this embodiment describes the workflow for calculating the tilt and rotation angle of teaching aids through pressure-RF dual-source sensor data fusion: Step S1: Initial positioning of horizontal two-dimensional coordinates When a child places the triangular cat building block on the base assembly area, the microcontroller 300 calls the radio frequency read / write array antenna 102 to scan cyclically and read the ID code of the electronic tag 201 built into the building block; the antenna number with the highest received signal strength is selected, and the center coordinates of the antenna are the initial horizontal two-dimensional coordinates of the teaching aid.
[0025] Step S2: Precise Calculation of Physical Centroid The microcontroller 300 continuously acquires simulated pressure voltage from 9 pressure sensors (3×3) surrounding the initial coordinates, and outputs a 12-bit digital pressure value after A / D conversion. The actual physical centroid coordinates of the teaching aid are calculated using a centroid algorithm; the calculation formula is described in [link to formula]. Figure 4 .
[0026] Step S3: Calculation of center of gravity deviation The Euclidean distance deviation between the physical centroid and the theoretical centroid given by the RF antenna is calculated. The calculation formula is shown in Figure 5.
[0027] Step S4: Calculation of tilt angle and placement posture When the blocks are tilted or rotated, the force distribution on the pressure sensor matrix applied to the bottom of the teaching aid will be asymmetrically offset, and the physical center of mass will deviate from the theoretical geometric center.
[0028] When the deviation exceeds a preset tolerance threshold, such as 0.2cm, the MCU calculates the vector angle between the physical centroid and the theoretical centroid. The angle calculation formula can be found in [link to formula]. Figure 6 .
[0029] The obtained deflection angle is compared with the internal geometric pose database of the device, and the horizontal rotation angle of the block is output in real time, such as a clockwise deflection of 15°.
[0030] The microcontroller outputs control commands based on the tilt angle to drive the ultra-short-throw projector above, projecting a Triangle Cat AR virtual image. The angle of the virtual image is precisely aligned with the angle of the physical block placement.
[0031] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 9 This embodiment discloses a system that adaptively adjusts the PWM duty cycle and drive frequency based on the number of times a child makes an incorrect assembly attempt, thereby achieving graded tactile cues tailored to children's psychological characteristics. Parameter calculations are detailed below. Figure 8 .
[0032] Zero errors, successful assembly on the first try: The assembly result is determined to be correct; the microcontroller sends a command to the LED matrix 401, and the LEDs at the corresponding positions of the blocks perform a green breathing gradient; the tactile vibration motor 402 outputs two short micro-vibrations, each lasting 100ms and with a vibration frequency of 100Hz, to provide confirmation feedback to the child; the projector plays a golden star particle effect celebrating the completion of the level, featuring the Triangle Cat IP character.
[0033] One or two minor assembly errors occurred: The assembly result is determined to be incorrect; the corresponding LED array on the control aid flashes a weak red light at a high frequency; the MCU responds according to the attached diagram. Figure 8 The formula is used to perform parameter calculations. The motor outputs a slight, tingling vibration, quietly indicating to the child that the placement is off-center, without interrupting the child's thought process.
[0034] Continuous blind trial and error greater than or equal to 3 times: The MCU determines whether a child has entered a state of mechanical, repetitive trial and error; based on... Figure 8 The formula automatically increases the vibration duty cycle, reduces the driving frequency, and outputs a large-amplitude, dull vibration.
[0035] This level of physical vibration can suppress aimless hand movements in young children, prompting them to pause trial and error; simultaneously, the LED matrix 401 is activated to sequentially illuminate the correct splicing trajectory, outputting teaching scaffolding prompts and guiding children to observe the screen prompts.
[0036] Reference Figure 10 , Figure 11 This embodiment provides a power management solution for pressure hardware wake-up, which extends the overall battery life.
[0037] Zero-pressure deep hibernation mode: When the child leaves the device, the pressure sensor matrix 101 detects that the pressure output is 0 for 120 consecutive seconds. The microcontroller 300 determines that the system is idle. The MCU sends a control signal to the power management IC, such as the LP3966 LDO chip, to cut off the main power supply to the 13.56MHz RF scanning circuit and the projection display device. The whole machine enters deep sleep, and the static power consumption of the whole machine is less than 10μA.
[0038] Hardware wakes up instantly under sudden stress: When a child touches the baseboard or places building blocks in the building area, the resistance of the pressure sensor array changes abruptly; the transient voltage signal is sent to the hysteresis comparator built by the operational amplifier, and the rising edge of the output hardware interrupt is directly connected to the enable pin EN of the power management chip.
[0039] The power management circuit immediately restores power to the entire machine, and the microcontroller starts up within 1 second, reads and restores the teaching progress before hibernation, achieving seamless continuation of teaching.
[0040] To verify the actual effectiveness of the invention, the inventors conducted a comparative teaching experiment at a public kindergarten in cooperation with Baopu Education.
[0041] Experimental group setup: Experimental Group A (30 people): Using the Triangle Cat IP Smart Tactile and Visual Linkage Terminal of this invention; Control group B (30 people): Ordinary tablet computers with mathematical thinking applications; Control group C (30 people): Traditional wooden physical teaching aids, no electronic feedback, and no one-on-one close guidance from teachers.
[0042] The teaching experiment was conducted continuously for 4 weeks, and the experimental test results are as follows: Experimental Group A: The geometric spatial assembly accuracy of this invention product was 94.5%, the average time to complete medium-difficulty questions was 8.5 seconds, the effective focus time for a single game was 25.2 minutes, and the charging cycle of the whole machine was 30 days; Control group B: The tablet app achieved a 78.2% accuracy rate in geometric spatial puzzle building, took an average of 18.2 seconds to complete medium-difficulty questions, had an effective focus time of 12.4 minutes per game session, and had a charging cycle of 1-2 days. In control group C, the accuracy rate of geometric spatial assembly using traditional teaching aids was 62.1%, the average time to complete medium-difficulty questions was 31.5 seconds, the effective focus time per game was 8.1 minutes, and there was no need for recharging.
[0043] Experimental conclusions: This invention retains the tactile cognitive advantages of physical teaching aids, and combined with precise visual and adaptive tactile intervention, it more than doubles the efficiency of children's spatial logic construction and significantly extends the effective attention span of preschool children. The pressure-triggered sleep / wake power solution improves the device's battery life by more than 15 times compared to ordinary electronic teaching devices.
[0044] The above describes preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and claims of this invention fall within the protection scope of this invention.
Claims
1. A smart children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual feedback linkage, characterized in that, The terminal includes: an intelligent training base plate, which integrates an array of pressure sensing matrices, an RFID read / write array antenna, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) electrically connected to the pressure sensing matrix and the read / write array antenna; several physical identification teaching aids with RFID tags, each of which contains a passive low-frequency or high-frequency RFID tag, and each tag stores a unique teaching aid identification ID code; a visual feedback display device, placed on or above the intelligent training base plate, used to render and output a visual animation scene corresponding to the spatial position of the physical identification teaching aids; and a multi-channel linkage actuator, electrically connected to the MCU, including an array of LED light strips, a tactile vibration motor, and an electroacoustic conversion speaker integrated into the intelligent training base plate; the MCU performs multi-source data fusion judgment on the physical posture and logical assembly of the teaching aids based on the real-time pressure data collected by the pressure sensing matrix and the teaching aid identification ID code read by the read / write array antenna, and adaptively adjusts and outputs multi-channel pulse width modulation (PWM) control signals to drive the multi-channel linkage actuator and the visual feedback display device to perform linkage feedback.
2. The intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual feedback linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The arrangement of the pressure sensing matrix and the radio frequency identification (RFID) read / write array antenna is as follows: the pressure sensing matrix consists of multi-channel thin-film piezoresistive pressure sensors (FSRs) arranged in a hollow honeycomb or square grid array within the physical assembly area of the base plate, with the center distance between adjacent pressure sensors being less than 2.0 cm; the RFID read / write array antenna is arranged in a grid below the pressure sensing matrix, with each grid antenna covering a corresponding area of local sensing cavity, and is electrically connected to a single multi-channel RF controller via a multi-channel analog switch to perform high-speed polling time-division scanning.
3. The intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, The joint calculation logic for spatial pose and center of gravity offset executed by the microcontroller unit includes the following steps: Step S1: When a physical marker teaching aid is detected to be in contact with the assembly area, its corresponding identification ID code is read through the read / write array antenna to obtain the horizontal two-dimensional coordinates [XRFID, YRFID] of the teaching aid on the base plate; Step S2: The pressure resistance changes of each sensor in the pressure sensing matrix within the coverage area of the teaching aid are read, and the physical center of gravity coordinates Greal[XG, YG] of the teaching aid on the base plate are calculated in real time using the center of gravity positioning algorithm; Step S3: The geometric Euclidean distance deviation Derror between the physical center of gravity coordinates Greal[XG, YG] and the theoretical center of gravity coordinates Gtheory[XRFID, YRFID] determined by the ID code is calculated; Step S4: When the deviation Derror is greater than a preset deformation threshold, the tilt or rotation angle of the physical marker teaching aid on the base plate surface is calculated using the vector deflection angle of Greal relative to Gtheory.
4. The intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, The terminal also includes a tactile frustration prompting mechanism based on multi-path pulse width modulation (PWM). The control method is executed by the microcontroller unit, including: real-time counting of the number of continuous incorrect assembly attempts (Nerror) in a single assembly task; outputting the corresponding vibration control signal duty cycle (Duty_Cycle) and drive frequency (Freq_vibe) based on the number of incorrect assembly attempts (Nerror); tactile feedback logic: when Nerror is in the first interval, the microcontroller unit controls the vibration motor to provide a low duty cycle, high frequency "slight tingling" vibration prompt, representing a warning state; when Nerror is greater than a second preset value, the microcontroller unit automatically increases the duty cycle and decreases the frequency to generate a high amplitude, low frequency "dull, strong vibration" tactile prompt, in order to suppress the child's repetitive, unconscious, and blind trial-and-error impulse.
5. The intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal with tactile and visual linkage feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visual, tactile, and auditory linkage feedback mechanism of the multi-channel linkage actuator and the visual feedback display device specifically includes: when the assembly is judged to be correct, the microcontroller: outputs a gradual current to the array LED light strip, controls the running light under the teaching aid to execute a ring halo animation that spreads outwards; outputs two consecutive short micro-vibrations of 100ms each to the tactile vibration motor to confirm the feedback; controls the visual feedback display device to render and play a "celebrating the completion" 3D particle effect containing the Triangle Cat IP image, and outputs matching upbeat completion music through the speaker; when the assembly is judged to be incorrect: controls the LED array under the teaching aid to flash red light at high frequency; activates the tactile frustration prompt mechanism described in claim 4 to perform tactile intervention.
6. An adaptive training control method based on the intelligent children's mathematical thinking training terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method is executed by the microcontroller and includes the following steps: receiving pressure timing signals and radio frequency sensing timing signals generated from the operation of the physical identification teaching aids, and recording the operation time of a single assembly action; checking whether the geometric shape assembled by the child conforms to the target geometric features in spatial structure, and accumulating the number of incorrect assemblies for the current level; adaptive parameter adjustment: if the child completes the assembly task correctly twice in a very short time, the geometric target edge number parameter Nedge for subsequent assembly tasks is increased, and the brightness of the light guidance prompts is reduced, forcing the child to move away from visual assistance and enter pure abstract logical thinking; if the child's operation time exceeds a preset delay threshold, the LED light strip on the training base is controlled to perform light-emitting guidance, sequentially illuminating the corresponding sensing areas on the target assembly trajectory to provide local visual scaffolding support.
7. The adaptive training control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The system also integrates a multi-path high-efficiency intelligent power management circuit: the pressure sensing matrix is connected to the enable pin [EN] of the power management circuit as a hardware wake-up source; power consumption control logic: when the intelligent training base plate is detected to be in a pressure-free state for more than a preset idle time, the microcontroller sends a control signal to cut off the main power supply of the RFID read / write array antenna and the visual feedback display device, and the system enters a deep sleep state with extremely low power consumption. When a child's hand or any teaching aid touches the surface of the training base, triggering a pressure sensor to generate a pressure fluctuation, the sudden change in the resistance of the pressure sensor automatically triggers the power management circuit to power on again, waking up the microcontroller unit and the radio frequency array antenna, and the system resumes operation within one second.
Citation Information
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