Thermoelectricity cooperative control method and device of sodium ion battery, equipment and medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method and device for thermoelectricity collaborative control of a sodium-ion battery, an apparatus and a medium. The method for thermoelectricity collaborative control of a sodium-ion battery comprises: collecting multi-dimensional state parameters of a sodium-ion battery module; determining a current working condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multi-dimensional state parameters and a preset judgment condition, the current working condition comprising at least one of an extremely cold starting working condition, a high-rate discharging working condition, a structural health diagnosis working condition and a normal working condition; and executing a control strategy corresponding to the current working condition according to a preset priority. Thus, the current working condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined based on the collected multi-dimensional state parameters, and the control strategy corresponding to the current working condition is executed according to the preset priority, so that adaptive switching of different running scenarios is realized through working condition identification and priority scheduling, and the mismatch problem of a single control strategy in all scenarios is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the fields of battery management system (BMS) and battery thermal management system (BTMS), and in particular to a thermoelectric synergistic control method, apparatus, equipment and medium for sodium-ion batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Sodium-ion batteries have garnered widespread attention in the power battery field due to their abundant resources, excellent low-temperature performance, and high safety. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries exhibit significant differences in thermal characteristics: First, the DC internal resistance of sodium-ion batteries increases at a higher rate with decreasing temperature than that of lithium-ion batteries. In extremely cold environments, its internal resistance can reach several times that at room temperature. However, because of its lower electrochemical activation energy, it can start and discharge normally in extremely cold conditions without external heating, unlike lithium-ion batteries which must be heated above 0°C to operate. Second, the entropy-thermal coefficient of sodium-ion batteries changes differently during cycling compared to lithium-ion batteries, with a higher proportion of reversible heat, resulting in a more pronounced transient heat generation peak during high-rate discharge. These differences lead to problems such as control mismatch and low energy efficiency when directly applying traditional thermal management strategies developed based on lithium-ion batteries.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream battery thermal management strategies employ simple on / off threshold control, which cannot cope with the complex thermal behavior of sodium-ion batteries in engineering machinery with high-frequency, high-rate discharge and extremely cold environments. During high-rate pulse discharge, the instantaneous heat density in the cell tab area surges, and traditional constant-current cooling can easily lead to coolant "overload." In extremely cold environments, the hardness of the thermally conductive interface material (TIM) increases and the contact thermal resistance rises. If traditional uniform flow cooling is used, the heat flow path will be obstructed due to the difference in contact conditions between the bottom and the sides. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure provides a thermoelectric synergistic control method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for sodium-ion batteries.

[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a thermoelectric synergistic control method for sodium-ion batteries, including: Collect multidimensional state parameters of sodium-ion battery modules; The current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined based on the multidimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions. The current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up condition, high rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition. The control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition is executed according to the preset priority.

[0006] Secondly, this disclosure provides a thermoelectric co-control device for a sodium-ion battery, comprising: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire multi-dimensional state parameters of the sodium-ion battery module. The operating condition determination module is used to determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multi-dimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions. The current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up operating condition, high-rate discharge operating condition, structural health diagnosis operating condition, and normal operating condition. The strategy execution module is used to execute the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition according to a preset priority.

[0007] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a thermoelectric co-control device for a sodium-ion battery, comprising: processor; Memory, used to store executable instructions; The processor is used to read executable instructions from memory and execute the executable instructions to implement the thermoelectric co-control method for sodium-ion batteries in the first aspect.

[0008] Fourthly, this disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the thermoelectric co-control method for sodium-ion batteries of the first aspect.

[0009] The technical solution provided in this disclosure has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The thermoelectric coordinated control method for sodium-ion batteries disclosed in this embodiment can collect multi-dimensional state parameters of the sodium-ion battery module, then determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multi-dimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions. The current operating condition includes at least one of extreme cold start-up condition, high-rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition. Finally, the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition is executed according to a preset priority. Therefore, by determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module through collected multi-dimensional state parameters and executing the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition according to a preset priority, adaptive switching to different operating scenarios is achieved through operating condition identification and priority scheduling, avoiding the mismatch problem of a single control strategy in all scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and the originals and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0011] Figure 1A schematic flowchart illustrating a thermoelectric synergistic control method for a sodium-ion battery provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sodium-ion battery device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 3 A pulse control timing diagram provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 A schematic flowchart of another thermoelectric synergistic control method for sodium-ion batteries provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 A comparative schematic diagram of a temperature difference curve provided for an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermoelectric synergistic control device for a sodium-ion battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermoelectric co-control device for a sodium-ion battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0012] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0013] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method implementation of this disclosure may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method implementation may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of this disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0014] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended inclusions, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the description below.

[0015] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this disclosure are used only to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0016] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0017] The names of messages or information exchanged between multiple devices in this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of such messages or information.

[0018] To address the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides a thermoelectric synergistic control method, apparatus, device, and medium for sodium-ion batteries. The following embodiments, in conjunction with… Figure 1-5 The thermoelectric synergistic control method for sodium-ion batteries provided in the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a thermoelectric synergistic control method for a sodium-ion battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0020] In this embodiment, the thermoelectric co-control method for the sodium-ion battery can be executed by an electronic device. This electronic device may include, but is not limited to, devices such as computer equipment, cloud servers, or cloud server clusters. The thermoelectric co-control method for the sodium-ion battery may include a sodium-ion battery device comprising at least a side cold plate and a bottom cold plate.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermoelectric synergistic control method for this sodium-ion battery may include the following steps.

[0022] S110: Collect multi-dimensional state parameters of the sodium-ion battery module.

[0023] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the electronic device can collect multidimensional state parameters of the sodium-ion battery module.

[0024] Optionally, multidimensional state parameters may include cell temperature (such as the inlet and outlet temperatures of the coolant at the top and bottom of the cell), total battery voltage, total current, state of charge, ambient temperature, and vibration acceleration. The acquisition frequency can be set as needed, for example, 5 to 10 Hz.

[0025] Specifically, electronic devices can collect multi-dimensional state parameters of sodium-ion battery modules, such as cell temperature, total battery voltage, total current, state of charge, ambient temperature, vibration acceleration, and state of charge, through multiple sensors at a set sampling frequency.

[0026] S120. Determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multi-dimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions. The current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up condition, high-rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition.

[0027] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the electronic device can determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multi-dimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions.

[0028] Optionally, the current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up condition, high-rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition.

[0029] Specifically, after obtaining the multidimensional state parameters, the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module can be determined by judging whether the multidimensional state parameters meet the preset judgment conditions. Different judgment conditions correspond to different operating conditions, such as judging whether the ambient temperature is lower than the preset low temperature threshold, whether the state of charge is lower than the preset low charge threshold, etc., which are not limited here.

[0030] S130. Execute the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition according to the preset priority.

[0031] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the electronic device can execute the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition according to a preset priority.

[0032] Optionally, the preset priority can be the execution priority of multiple pre-defined working conditions.

[0033] Specifically, after determining the current operating condition, the electronic device can execute the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition according to a preset priority.

[0034] Therefore, multi-dimensional state parameters of the sodium-ion battery module can be collected. Then, based on these multi-dimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions, the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined. This current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up condition, high-rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition. Finally, the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition is executed according to a preset priority. Thus, by determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module through collected multi-dimensional state parameters and executing the corresponding control strategy according to a preset priority, adaptive switching to different operating scenarios is achieved through operating condition identification and priority scheduling, avoiding the mismatch problem of a single control strategy in all scenarios.

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a sodium-ion battery device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the sodium-ion battery device may include a sodium-ion battery module: using a 33S1P arrangement, with a single cell capacity of 65 Ah, and a capacity retention rate of more than 90% under -30 degrees Celsius conditions, suitable for the high-rate discharge requirements of engineering machinery.

[0037] The composite heat exchange assembly includes a side heat exchange unit and a bottom heat exchange unit. The side heat exchange unit consists of two C-shaped side cold plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sodium-ion battery module. The two C-shaped cold plates are connected in parallel, and microchannels with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm and a spacing of 10 mm are formed on the inner wall of the cold plates to ensure efficient heat exchange by adhering to the sides of the battery cells. The bottom heat exchange unit is a single bottom cold plate integrated into the bottom of the battery housing, covering the entire bottom area of ​​the module, forming a three-sided enclosed heat exchange structure with the side C-shaped cold plates.

[0038] The fluid control unit includes an inlet main pipe, an outlet main pipe, a circulating water pump, and proportional flow valves respectively installed on the side cold plate branch pipes and the bottom cold plate branch pipes. The proportional flow valves have an adjustment range of 0 to 100% and a response time of less than or equal to 50 milliseconds. One end of the inlet main pipe is connected to the outlet of the circulating water pump, and the other end branches to the two side cold plate branch pipes and the bottom cold plate branch pipe. One end of the outlet main pipe collects the outlets of the two side cold plates and the bottom cold plate, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the circulating water pump, forming a closed-loop circulation. The proportional flow valves are used to independently adjust the proportion of coolant flow to the side cold plates and the bottom cold plate.

[0039] Sensing unit: includes multiple temperature sensors (arranged on the surface of the cell, the inner wall of the side cold plate, and the inlet and outlet of the bottom cold plate), a battery management system controller (which collects the total battery voltage, total current, individual cell voltage, and state of charge in real time), and a vibration acceleration sensor (installed in the battery housing to collect vibration signals to assist in signal preprocessing).

[0040] Auxiliary components include a coolant reservoir and a filter. The reservoir is used to replenish the coolant, and the filter is used to remove impurities from the coolant and prevent pipe blockage.

[0041] Optionally, S120 may specifically include: determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module as the extreme cold start-up condition when the ambient temperature is lower than a preset low temperature threshold and the state of charge is lower than a preset low charge threshold; determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module as the high rate discharge condition when the discharge rate exceeds a preset high rate threshold; determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module as the structural health diagnosis condition when preset standard test conditions are met; and determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module as the normal operating condition when any one of the extreme cold start-up condition, the high rate discharge condition, and the structural health diagnosis condition is not met.

[0042] In some embodiments of this disclosure, when the ambient temperature is lower than a preset low temperature threshold and the state of charge is lower than a preset low charge threshold, the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the extreme cold start-up condition.

[0043] Specifically, the preset judgment conditions for extreme cold start-up conditions consider both ambient temperature and state of charge: when the ambient temperature is below a preset low temperature threshold (e.g., -10 degrees Celsius) and the state of charge is below a preset low charge threshold (e.g., 30%), the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is extreme cold start-up condition. This ensures that the strategy is triggered only in scenarios where preheating is truly required, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.

[0044] In some embodiments of this disclosure, when the discharge rate exceeds a preset high-rate threshold, the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the high-rate discharge condition.

[0045] Specifically, when the discharge rate of the battery exceeds a preset high-rate threshold (e.g., 5C), the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the high-rate discharge condition. This high-rate threshold can be calibrated according to the specific specifications of the battery and the operational requirements of the engineering machinery.

[0046] In some embodiments of this disclosure, under preset standard test conditions, the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the structural health diagnostic condition.

[0047] Specifically, under preset standard test conditions, such as a discharge rate of the standard test rate (e.g., 1C) and a constant coolant flow rate, ensuring the Reynolds number of the coolant flow remains stable within a preset range (e.g., 1500 to 2000), the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the structural health diagnostic condition. These conditions ensure the comparability of the calculated thermal resistance characteristic coefficient, accurately reflecting the true state of the thermal interface.

[0048] In some embodiments of this disclosure, if any one of the extreme cold start-up condition, the high-rate discharge condition, and the structural health diagnosis condition is not met, the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the normal operating condition.

[0049] Specifically, if none of the above three conditions are met, the electronic device can determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the normal operating condition, that is, the battery is in normal operating condition.

[0050] This provides a clear and quantifiable basis for classifying four typical operating scenarios, enabling accurate identification of the current operating condition based on real-time parameters. This ensures that subsequent control strategies can accurately match actual needs and avoids misjudgments or omissions caused by traditional single threshold control.

[0051] Optionally, during parameter acquisition, this embodiment of the disclosure may also perform parameter preprocessing. Given the strong electromagnetic interference and severe vibration present in the operating environment of construction machinery, the acquired raw temperature signal is easily superimposed with high-frequency noise. The system uses a second-order low-pass filter combined with a moving average method to preprocess the sensor signal. The filter difference equation is set as follows: .

[0052] The filtering coefficient α is dynamically adjusted according to the signal from the vibration acceleration sensor: when the vibration acceleration is greater than or equal to 10g, the filtering coefficient is 0.9; when the vibration acceleration is between 5g and 10g, the filtering coefficient is 0.7; and when the vibration acceleration is less than 5g, the filtering coefficient is 0.4. This is the current original temperature signal. This is the filtered temperature signal. , This is the filtered signal from the first one or two sampling periods. Furthermore, through calculation... The gradient value (with a set gradient threshold of 0.03℃ / s) is used to extract early features of internal thermal accumulation in the battery, which are then used as constraint boundary conditions for the subsequent MPC model to prevent local overheating. In this way, the filter can adaptively adjust its filtering effect according to the vibration intensity, effectively filtering out noise without excessively delaying the signal response. Simultaneously, the system calculates the gradient value between the bottom and top temperatures. When this gradient exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 0.03 degrees Celsius per second), it is used as an early feature of internal thermal accumulation in the battery and input into the subsequent control model as constraint boundary conditions.

[0053] Although sodium-ion batteries can start directly in extremely cold environments, the thermal interface material (i.e., thermal adhesive or thermal pad) hardens at low temperatures, leading to a significant increase in the contact thermal resistance between the bottom of the battery and the bottom cold plate. If full-area cooling is applied directly at this time, the difference in contact conditions between the sides and the bottom will result in poor heat flow paths.

[0054] Optionally, the control strategies corresponding to the extreme cold start-up conditions include: starting the circulating pump, shutting off the coolant flow to the side cold plates, and distributing the flow to the bottom cold plates.

[0055] Specifically, after determining the extreme cold start-up conditions, the electronic equipment can first start the circulation pump to circulate the coolant, then close the valves leading to the side cold plates and fully open the proportional valve leading to the bottom cold plate, distributing all coolant flow to the bottom cold plate at a low flow rate (e.g., 5 liters per minute). This low flow rate generates sufficient fluid friction heat while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. During operation, the coolant in the bottom cold plate generates friction heat as it flows, and the heat carried by the coolant itself (from the relatively warmer coolant in the reservoir) is transferred to the surface of the bottom cold plate, thereby heating the bottom thermal conductive adhesive. As the temperature of the thermal conductive adhesive gradually increases, its hardness decreases, its adhesion to the cold plate surface becomes tighter, and the contact thermal resistance gradually decreases.

[0056] When the system switches from an extreme cold start strategy to other strategies, the opening degree of the proportional valve needs to change. To avoid water hammer effect caused by sudden valve opening and closing, which could lead to pipeline fatigue damage, a ramp function is superimposed on the control command: when the valve opening change exceeds a preset abrupt change threshold (e.g., 30%), the command transitions according to a preset smooth slope (e.g., 10% / millisecond).

[0057] Therefore, without the need for an external heating device, the problem of increased contact thermal resistance in extremely cold environments can be solved by utilizing the frictional heat of the coolant circulation itself. This fully leverages the advantage of sodium-ion batteries being able to start directly at low temperatures, while avoiding localized overheating caused by poor contact.

[0058] Optionally, the control strategy corresponding to the high-rate discharge condition includes: adjusting the proportional valve to control the flow rate of the side cold plate to be higher than that of the bottom cold plate, and using pulse width modulation to dynamically adjust the total flow rate, and maintaining the side flow rate until the temperature difference converges after the discharge ends.

[0059] In this embodiment of the disclosure, after determining the high-rate discharge condition, the electronic device can adjust the proportional valve to increase the flow rate ratio of the side cold plate to 70%-80% (far higher than the conventional 50%), and reduce the flow rate ratio of the bottom cold plate to 20%-30%. The side cold plate is close to the side of the cell, which corresponds exactly to the area where the heat generation is most concentrated. This asymmetric distribution method achieves precise spatial matching between heat dissipation resources and heat generation distribution.

[0060] Furthermore, pulse width modulation (PWM) is used to control the circulating water pump and proportional valve, causing the total coolant flow rate to change in a pulsed manner. The PWM frequency is set to 5 to 10 Hz to match the response time of the proportional valve, avoiding system oscillation. At the beginning of the discharge pulse (e.g., the first 2 seconds), the electronic equipment instantly increases the total flow rate to its maximum value (e.g., 15 L / min, optimized according to the module size to ensure the coolant flow rate in the microchannels of the side cold plate is ≥1.2 m / s) to cope with the instantaneous heat generation peak. Subsequently, the system gradually reduces the total flow rate according to the measured temperature rise rate of the battery cell: when the temperature rise slope is greater than or equal to 0.05 degrees Celsius per second, the maximum flow rate of 15 liters per minute is maintained; when the temperature rise slope is between 0.02 and 0.05 degrees Celsius per second, the flow rate is reduced to 12 liters per minute; when the temperature rise slope is less than or equal to 0.02 degrees Celsius per second, the flow rate is reduced to 10 liters per minute.

[0061] Furthermore, when the pulse width modulation duty cycle changes by more than 30%, the control command transitions with a smooth slope of 10% per second. Simultaneously, the volume of the C-shaped side cold plate is used as a buffer cavity. Through simulation optimization, the ratio of the cold plate volume to the pipe length is controlled within the range of 0.8 to 1.0 cubic centimeters per millimeter. This ensures that coolant remains within the cold plate for natural convection during pulse shutdown, preventing a sudden rise in cell surface temperature. After discharge, the system continues to maintain a lateral flow rate of 12 liters per minute until the temperature difference between the cell center and the sidewall is less than 2 degrees Celsius, then normal flow is restored. This measure effectively prevents temperature rebound caused by heat exchange interruption after discharge.

[0062] Figure 3 A pulse control timing diagram provided by an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, the pulse control timing diagram uses time as the horizontal axis, discharge current as the left vertical axis, and total coolant flow rate as the right vertical axis, including both discharge current and coolant flow rate waveforms. When the discharge current experiences a pulse-like surge (corresponding to high-rate impact discharge in engineering machinery, such as a 10C pulse), the coolant flow rate does not remain constant but exhibits a pulse-like change synchronized with the discharge pulse. Specifically, Figure 5 Two characteristic regions are marked: the impulse response region and the steady-state heat dissipation region.

[0064] In the pulse response region, the discharge current jumps instantaneously from zero to its peak value. At this time, the coolant flow rate simultaneously increases to its instantaneous peak flow rate within a very short delay. This peak flow rate is significantly higher than the flow rate during steady-state operation. The purpose is to utilize the thermal inertia of the coolant to pre-store heat dissipation capacity in order to cope with the concentrated heat generation impact in the upper part of the cell at the moment of discharge initiation.

[0065] After entering the steady-state heat dissipation zone, the discharge current remains at a high pulse value, but the coolant flow rate does not maintain its peak value. Instead, it is gradually reduced to a lower level according to the actual temperature rise rate of the battery cell. Since the battery cell temperature gradually increases during the discharge pulse, but the temperature rise rate may naturally slow down as the thermal capacity saturates, the gradually reduced flow rate can significantly reduce pumping energy consumption while ensuring heat dissipation requirements.

[0066] After the discharge current reaches zero, the coolant flow rate does not immediately drop to zero, but continues to maintain a certain flow rate (e.g., maintaining the flow rate to the side cold plate) for a period of time. Its function is to perform gradient cooling and prevent the cell temperature from rebounding due to the interruption of heat exchange after the discharge ends.

[0067] Therefore, the control strategy adopted in this embodiment ensures heat dissipation while allowing the water pump to operate intermittently, further reducing pumping energy consumption by approximately 8% compared to the conventional constant flow method. Furthermore, by optimizing the ratio of C-type cold plate volume to pipe length using CFD (0.8-1.0 cm³ / mm), coolant remains within the cold plate for natural convection during the pulse shutdown period, resulting in surface temperature fluctuations of less than or equal to 0.5°C, effectively extending battery cycle life.

[0068] Optionally, the control strategy corresponding to the structural health diagnosis condition includes: calculating the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient and comparing it with the initial reference value to obtain the corresponding comparison result, and performing protective actions such as flow compensation or limiting the discharge rate according to the comparison result.

[0069] In this embodiment of the disclosure, under standard test conditions (such as a discharge rate of 1C, constant coolant flow rate, and a Reynolds number stable in the range of 1500 to 2000), the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient of the electronic device can be calculated. The corresponding formula is: .

[0070] in, The characteristic coefficient of thermal resistance, The real-time heat generation power of the battery can be calculated using the Bernardi equation. The internal resistance of the sodium-ion battery (which varies with temperature and is obtained by looking up a table). This represents the rate of change of the battery's electromotive force with temperature (e.g., a measured value of 0.03~0.05mV / ℃).

[0071] Furthermore, the electronic device can compare the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient with the initial reference value to obtain the corresponding comparison result, and perform protection actions such as flow compensation or limiting the discharge rate based on the comparison result.

[0072] Optionally, the protective action of performing flow compensation or limiting the discharge rate based on the comparison result includes: if the comparison result shows that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the initial reference value but does not exceed the first multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is slightly aged, and a flow compensation action is performed; if the comparison result shows that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the second multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is severely aged or debonded, an alarm is triggered, and the maximum discharge rate is limited, wherein the second multiple threshold is greater than the first multiple threshold, and the first multiple threshold is greater than the initial reference value; if the comparison result shows that it does not exceed the initial reference value, it is determined that the thermal interface is normal, and the current control strategy is maintained.

[0073] In this embodiment of the disclosure, if the comparison result is that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the initial reference value but does not exceed the first multiple threshold, the electronic device can determine that the thermal interface is slightly aged and perform flow compensation action.

[0074] The electronic device can preset two judgment thresholds: a first multiple threshold (e.g., 1.5 times the initial reference value) and a second multiple threshold (e.g., 2.0 times the initial reference value). The second multiple threshold is greater than the first multiple threshold, and the first multiple threshold is greater than the initial reference value.

[0075] Specifically, when the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the initial reference value but does not exceed the first multiple threshold, it is determined to be slight aging of the thermal interface. At this time, the contact thermal resistance has increased, but has not yet reached a dangerous level. The system performs flow compensation, increasing the coolant flow rate of the corresponding cold plate by a certain percentage (e.g., 10% to 15%), to compensate for the heat transfer attenuation caused by the increase in contact thermal resistance by enhancing convective heat transfer.

[0076] Furthermore, if the comparison result shows that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the second multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is severely aged or debonded, triggering an alarm and limiting the maximum discharge multiple.

[0077] Specifically, when the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the second multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is severely aged or debonded. At this point, the thermal interface has been severely degraded, and simply increasing the flow rate is no longer effective in compensating. Continuing to discharge at a high rate may lead to local overheating or even thermal runaway. The system immediately triggers an alarm in the battery management system, while actively limiting the maximum discharge rate of the battery (e.g., below 3C), and sends a maintenance signal to the engineering machinery control system, prompting the operator to replace the thermal adhesive or thermal pad in a timely manner.

[0078] Furthermore, if the comparison result does not exceed the initial benchmark value, it is determined that the thermal interface is normal, and the current control strategy is maintained.

[0079] This enables graded diagnosis and differentiated response to the aging of thermal interface materials. In cases of slight aging, performance is maintained through flow compensation, while in cases of severe aging, safety is ensured through alarms and power limiting. This avoids both excessive intervention and extreme risks, solving the industry problem of difficult monitoring of thermal interface material aging in the context of strong vibration in engineering machinery.

[0080] Optionally, the preset priority is configured as follows: the priority of the extreme cold start-up condition is higher than that of the structural health diagnosis condition, the priority of the structural health diagnosis condition is higher than that of the high-rate discharge condition, and the priority of the high-rate discharge condition is higher than that of the normal condition.

[0081] Specifically, if the contact thermal resistance of the battery in extremely cold environments is not addressed promptly, it will directly affect the battery's ability to start and operate normally, and may even lead to localized overheating and damage, making it the most urgent need. The aging of the thermal interface is a gradual process, and although not as urgent as starting in extremely cold conditions, long-term neglect will accumulate risks, and diagnosis needs to be performed under standard operating conditions; frequent interruptions will prevent the diagnosis from being completed, therefore it is given a higher priority. While the heat generated by high-rate discharge needs to be dissipated promptly, a certain degree of temperature rise can be tolerated in the short term, making its urgency lower than structural health diagnosis. Normal operating conditions have the lowest priority and are considered the default operating state.

[0082] Optionally, S130 may specifically include: when there are multiple operating conditions, executing the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition in sequence according to the preset priority.

[0083] Specifically, when multiple operating conditions are triggered simultaneously, the system executes them according to the aforementioned priority order. Specifically, the system first executes the control strategy corresponding to the highest priority operating condition; after that condition disappears, the system automatically switches to the next highest priority operating condition strategy. For example, when extreme cold start-up and high-rate discharge conditions coexist, the system first executes the extreme cold start-up strategy (closing the side cooling plate, fully opening the bottom cooling plate, and operating at low flow rate). After the bottom temperature rise reaches the required level and the extreme cold start-up condition disappears, the system automatically switches to the high-rate discharge strategy.

[0084] For example, extreme cold start-up and high-rate discharge conditions may coexist. Assume the current ambient temperature is -15 degrees Celsius, the state of charge is 25%, and the discharge rate is 8C. In this case, the conditions for both extreme cold start-up and high-rate discharge conditions are met. According to priority configuration, extreme cold start-up has higher priority than high-rate discharge. The system first executes the extreme cold start-up strategy: starts the circulating pump, closes the side cold plate proportional valve, fully opens the bottom cold plate proportional valve, and operates at a low flow rate of 5 liters per minute, prioritizing the reduction of bottom contact thermal resistance. After 15 minutes of operation, the bottom contact thermal resistance drops to 0.06 degrees Celsius per watt, the bottom temperature rise reaches the preset requirement, and the extreme cold start-up condition disappears. The system automatically switches to high-rate discharge condition and executes the corresponding control strategy.

[0085] This ensures that critical needs are met first, avoids control chaos when multiple operating conditions conflict, enables the system to operate in an orderly and stable manner under complex operating conditions, and improves the safety and reliability of the battery system.

[0086] Figure 4 A schematic flowchart of another thermoelectric synergistic control method for sodium-ion batteries provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0087] like Figure 4 As shown, for a sodium-ion battery device with a capacity of 65Ah and a series-parallel configuration of 99S1P (3 modules, each module connected in series and parallel as 33S1P), the specific process for implementing the thermoelectric synergistic control method for sodium-ion batteries is as follows: Electronic devices collect multidimensional state parameters of sodium-ion battery modules, including cell temperature (e.g., the temperature at the top of the cell). Bottom coolant inlet and outlet temperatures ), total battery voltage V, total current I, state of charge (SOC), ambient temperature And vibration acceleration, sampling frequency 100Hz, etc.

[0088] Next, a thermal model is constructed, considering the internal resistance of sodium-ion batteries at low temperatures. The thermal resistance exhibits nonlinear variation, so an improved lumped parameter model incorporating the dynamic term of contact thermal resistance is established: .

[0089] in, The measured heat capacity of the battery is 180J / ℃. The convective heat transfer thermal resistance (measured at 0.05℃) is... ), The contact thermal resistance varies with temperature (obtained through table lookup or function fitting: 0.02℃ at 25℃). At -30℃, it is 0.11℃. ), The real-time heat generation power of the battery is calculated using the Bernardi equation.

[0090] Then, based on the above thermal model, with a prediction step size P=10 (each step 1s), the optimization problem is solved in the rolling time domain to predict the temperature field distribution for the next 10s. .

[0091] Define a multi-objective optimization function J that balances heat dissipation efficiency and energy consumption: .

[0092] in and The weighting coefficients are ω1=0.7 (heat dissipation efficiency weight) and ω2=0.3 (energy consumption weight). The target temperature is 25~40℃. This refers to the pumping power.

[0093] Based on predicted temperature Based on the current operating conditions, and in conjunction with the three sub-strategies, the control strategy is output: like <-10℃ and SOC<30% (extreme cold start condition): Close the side cold plate proportional valve, fully open the bottom cold plate proportional valve, set the water pump flow rate to 5L / min (low flow rate), until the bottom contact thermal resistance drops to 0.05℃. the following.

[0094] like ≥5C (high-rate discharge condition): the side proportional valve is open at 80%, the bottom proportional valve is open at 20%, the water pump PWM duty cycle is adjusted according to pulse control logic, and the flow rate dynamically changes between 10 and 15 L / min.

[0095] like =1C and Re=1800 (standard operating condition): Real-time calculation Value, compared to the baseline value In comparison, compensation or protection actions are performed based on the threshold determination results.

[0096] In other cases (normal operating conditions): the opening degree of the side and bottom proportional valves is 50%, the water pump flow rate is set to 8L / min, and the battery cell temperature is maintained at 25~40℃.

[0097] Furthermore, a control strategy is implemented and actual temperature drop response data is collected. The actual feedback cell temperature is then utilized. Compared with model predictions residual Key time-varying parameters in the thermal model, particularly contact thermal resistance and convective heat transfer coefficient h, are updated online using the recursive least squares (RLS) method. The parameter update formulas are as follows: .

[0098] Where θ is the vector of parameters to be identified, and L(k) is the gain matrix. This closed-loop correction mechanism ensures that the control model maintains high accuracy throughout the battery's entire lifespan, avoiding control failure due to model mismatch.

[0099] Figure 5 A comparative schematic diagram of a temperature difference curve provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0100] like Figure 5As shown, the present invention adopts lateral and bottom dynamic flow control, resulting in a gradual temperature rise and minimal temperature difference. Its temperature uniformity and energy efficiency ratio are superior to existing technologies, and it can also achieve online diagnosis of the health of the heat conduction interface, making it suitable for complex operating conditions of engineering machinery.

[0101] In other embodiments, the effectiveness of the pre-wake-up strategy was verified under extremely cold, low-power conditions at -30°C. Initial state: ambient temperature -30°C, SOC = 25%, bottom contact thermal resistance 0.11°C. Lateral contact thermal resistance 0.12℃ ; Implement pre-wake-up strategy: close the side cold plate proportional valve, fully open the bottom cold plate proportional valve, water pump flow rate 5L / min, run continuously for 15min; Actual test results: bottom contact thermal resistance decreased to 0.06℃ The temperature at the bottom of the battery cell rose to -10℃, and the lateral contact thermal resistance dropped to 0.08℃. The overall temperature of the battery cell rises to -8℃, meeting the 10C discharge start-up requirement. In contrast, existing technologies lack a pre-wake-up strategy. After direct start-up, the bottom contact thermal resistance remains above 0.10℃, causing localized overheating of the battery cell (the temperature in the upper and middle parts rises to 5℃, while the bottom temperature remains at -20℃), preventing normal discharge.

[0102] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a thermoelectric co-control device for a sodium-ion battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0103] like Figure 6 As shown, the thermoelectric co-control device 600 for the sodium-ion battery may include a parameter acquisition module 610, an operating condition determination module 620, and a strategy execution module 630.

[0104] The parameter acquisition module 610 can be used to acquire multidimensional state parameters of sodium-ion battery modules.

[0105] The operating condition determination module 620 can be used to determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multi-dimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions. The current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up condition, high-rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition.

[0106] The strategy execution module 630 can be used to execute the control strategy corresponding to the current working condition according to a preset priority.

[0107] This allows for the acquisition of multi-dimensional state parameters of the sodium-ion battery module. Then, based on these parameters and preset judgment conditions, the current operating condition of the module is determined. This current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up condition, high-rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition. Finally, the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition is executed according to a preset priority. Thus, by determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module through acquired multi-dimensional state parameters and executing the corresponding control strategy according to a preset priority, adaptive switching to different operating scenarios is achieved through operating condition identification and priority scheduling, avoiding the mismatch problem of a single control strategy in all scenarios.

[0108] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the operating condition determination module 620 may specifically include: The first determining unit is used to determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module as the extreme cold start-up condition when the ambient temperature is lower than a preset low temperature threshold and the state of charge is lower than a preset low charge threshold.

[0109] The second determining unit is used to determine that the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is the high-rate discharge condition when the discharge rate exceeds a preset high-rate threshold.

[0110] The third determining unit is used to determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module as the structural health diagnosis operating condition under the condition that the preset standard test conditions are met.

[0111] The fourth determining unit is used to determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module as the normal operating condition if any one of the following conditions is not met: extreme cold start-up condition, high rate discharge condition, and structural health diagnosis condition.

[0112] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the control strategy corresponding to the extreme cold start-up condition includes: starting the circulation pump, shutting off the coolant flow to the side cold plate, and distributing the flow to the bottom cold plate.

[0113] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the control strategy corresponding to the high-rate discharge condition includes: adjusting the proportional valve to control the flow rate ratio of the side cold plate to be higher than that of the bottom cold plate, and dynamically adjusting the total flow rate using pulse width modulation, and maintaining the side flow rate until the temperature difference converges after the discharge ends.

[0114] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the control strategy corresponding to the structural health diagnosis condition includes: calculating the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient and comparing it with an initial reference value to obtain the corresponding comparison result, and performing protective actions such as flow compensation or limiting the discharge rate based on the comparison result.

[0115] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the protective action of performing flow compensation or limiting the discharge rate based on the comparison result includes: if the comparison result is that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the initial reference value but does not exceed the first multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is slightly aged, and a flow compensation action is performed; if the comparison result is that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the second multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is severely aged or debonded, an alarm is triggered and the maximum discharge rate is limited, wherein the second multiple threshold is greater than the first multiple threshold and the first multiple threshold is greater than the initial reference value; if the comparison result is that it does not exceed the initial reference value, it is determined that the thermal interface is normal, and the current control strategy is maintained.

[0116] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the preset priority is configured as follows: the priority of the extreme cold start-up condition is higher than that of the structural health diagnosis condition, the priority of the structural health diagnosis condition is higher than that of the high-rate discharge condition, and the priority of the high-rate discharge condition is higher than that of the normal condition.

[0117] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the strategy execution module 630 can be specifically used to execute the control strategy corresponding to the current working condition in sequence according to the preset priority when there are multiple working conditions.

[0118] It should be noted that, Figure 6 The thermoelectric co-control device 600 for the sodium-ion battery shown can perform... Figure 1-5 The various steps in the method embodiment shown are implemented. Figure 1-5 The processes and effects in the method embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0119] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a thermoelectric co-control device for a sodium-ion battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0120] In some embodiments of this disclosure, Figure 7 The thermoelectric co-control device for the sodium-ion battery shown can be an electronic device. Specifically, the electronic device can include, but is not limited to, devices such as computer equipment, cloud servers, or cloud server clusters.

[0121] like Figure 7 As shown, the thermoelectric co-control device for the sodium-ion battery may include a processor 701 and a memory 702 storing computer program instructions.

[0122] Specifically, the processor 701 may include a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits that can be configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0123] Memory 702 may include a large-capacity storage for information or instructions. For example, and not limitingly, memory 702 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, flash memory, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, memory 702 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media. Where appropriate, memory 702 may be internal or external to the integrated gateway device. In a particular embodiment, memory 702 is a non-volatile solid-state memory. In a particular embodiment, memory 702 includes read-only memory (ROM). Where appropriate, the ROM may be a mask-programmed ROM, a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (Electrically Programmable ROM, EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable PROM (EEPROM), an electrically alterable ROM (EAROM), or flash memory, or a combination of two or more of these.

[0124] The processor 701 reads and executes computer program instructions stored in the memory 702 to perform the steps of the thermoelectric co-control method for sodium-ion batteries provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] In one example, the thermoelectric co-control device for the sodium-ion battery may further include a transceiver 703 and a bus 704. Wherein, as Figure 7 As shown, the processor 701, memory 702 and transceiver 703 are connected via bus 704 and communicate with each other.

[0126] Bus 704 includes hardware, software, or both. For example, and not limitingly, a bus may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a Front Side Bus (FSB), a Hyper Transport (HT) interconnect, an Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, a Low Pin Count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a MicroChannel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association Local Bus (VLB) bus, or other suitable buses, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, bus 704 may include one or more buses. Although specific buses are described and illustrated in the embodiments of this application, this application considers any suitable bus or interconnection.

[0127] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium that can store a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor enables the processor to implement the thermoelectric co-control method for sodium-ion batteries provided in this disclosure.

[0128] The aforementioned storage medium may, for example, include a memory 702 containing computer program instructions, which can be executed by a processor 701 of the sodium-ion battery thermoelectric co-control device to complete the sodium-ion battery thermoelectric co-control method provided in this embodiment. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a ROM, random access memory (RAM), compact disc ROM (CD-ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device.

[0129] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the term "comprising" is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0130] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A thermoelectric synergistic control method for a sodium-ion battery, characterized in that, include: Collect multidimensional state parameters of sodium-ion battery modules; The current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined based on the multidimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions. The current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up condition, high rate discharge condition, structural health diagnosis condition, and normal operating condition. The control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition is executed according to the preset priority.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multidimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions includes: When the ambient temperature is lower than a preset low temperature threshold and the state of charge is lower than a preset low charge threshold, the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined to be the extreme cold start-up condition. If the discharge rate exceeds a preset high-rate threshold, the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined to be the high-rate discharge condition. Under the condition of meeting the preset standard test conditions, the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined to be the structural health diagnosis condition; If any one of the following conditions is not met: extreme cold start-up condition, high-rate discharge condition, or structural health diagnosis condition, the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module is determined to be the normal operating condition.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control strategies corresponding to the extreme cold start-up conditions include: starting the circulating pump, shutting off the coolant flow to the side cold plates, and distributing the flow to the bottom cold plates.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control strategy corresponding to the high-rate discharge condition includes: adjusting the proportional valve to control the flow rate of the side cold plate to be higher than that of the bottom cold plate, and using pulse width modulation to dynamically adjust the total flow rate. After the discharge ends, the side flow rate is maintained until the temperature difference converges.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control strategy corresponding to the structural health diagnosis condition includes: calculating the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient and comparing it with the initial reference value to obtain the corresponding comparison result, and performing protective actions such as flow compensation or limiting the discharge rate according to the comparison result.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The protection action of performing flow compensation or limiting discharge rate based on the comparison result includes: If the comparison result is that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the initial reference value but does not exceed the first multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is slightly aged and a flow compensation action is performed. If the comparison result is that the thermal resistance characteristic coefficient exceeds the second multiple threshold, it is determined that the thermal interface is severely aged or debonded, triggering an alarm and limiting the maximum discharge multiple. The second multiple threshold is greater than the first multiple threshold, and the first multiple threshold is greater than the initial reference value. If the comparison result does not exceed the initial benchmark value, the thermal interface is determined to be normal, and the current control strategy is maintained.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset priority is configured as follows: the priority of the extreme cold start condition is higher than that of the structural health diagnosis condition, the priority of the structural health diagnosis condition is higher than that of the high-rate discharge condition, and the priority of the high-rate discharge condition is higher than that of the normal condition. The step of executing the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition according to a preset priority includes: When multiple operating conditions exist, the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition is executed sequentially according to the preset priority.

8. A thermoelectric synergistic control device for a sodium-ion battery, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire multi-dimensional state parameters of the sodium-ion battery module. The operating condition determination module is used to determine the current operating condition of the sodium-ion battery module based on the multi-dimensional state parameters and preset judgment conditions. The current operating condition includes at least one of the following: extreme cold start-up operating condition, high-rate discharge operating condition, structural health diagnosis operating condition, and normal operating condition. The strategy execution module is used to execute the control strategy corresponding to the current operating condition according to a preset priority.

9. A thermoelectric co-control device for sodium-ion batteries, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory, used to store executable instructions; The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the executable instructions to implement the thermoelectric co-control method for sodium-ion batteries according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the thermoelectric co-control method for sodium-ion batteries as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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