A temperature control system and method for an energy storage battery compartment

Abstract

The application discloses a temperature control system and method for an energy storage battery cabin, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage battery thermal management. The system adds a natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem composed of a closed natural cooling tower, a cold storage tank, a liquid storage tank and a matching valve pump on the basis of an existing air conditioning liquid cooling system. The system has two core modes: cold storage and collaborative cooling. During the preset period without charging and discharging, low-temperature cooling liquid obtained by the natural cooling tower is stored in the cold storage tank. During battery charging and discharging, the cold storage tank and the air conditioning cooling capacity are collaboratively output. The system can also be subdivided into two refrigeration modes: mixed strengthening and continuous operation. The scheme realizes cold capacity cross-period allocation relying on the day and night temperature difference, can control temperature to slow down battery aging, shorten air conditioner operation time and reduce fault risk, greatly reduces the total cooling energy consumption, and is suitable for regions with large day and night temperature difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage batteries, and more specifically to a temperature control system and method for an energy storage battery compartment. Background Technology

[0002] The temperature control system of energy storage battery compartments faces a series of pressing technical challenges. Currently, mainstream cooling methods such as air cooling and indirect liquid cooling often rely on air conditioning to handle the heat generated by the battery during charging and discharging. However, for economic reasons, the cooling capacity of air conditioners is usually undersized, resulting in the heat generated by the battery not being completely cooled by the air conditioner during the charging and discharging period. Some of the heat is stored inside the battery as a temperature rise, requiring the air conditioner to continue running for a period of time to dissipate it. This operating mode leads to three significant drawbacks: First, the battery experiences periodic temperature increases, usually less than 10°C. Although this is within the safe range, prolonged exposure to higher temperatures accelerates thermal degradation and aging of the battery, shortening its lifespan. Second, to achieve adequate cooling, the actual operating time of the air conditioner often exceeds the battery charging and discharging period: for example, if the charging and discharging process takes 4 hours, the air conditioner may run for up to 8 hours. This increases the risk of air conditioning system failure and has become a source of accidents in some energy storage power stations. Finally, the energy consumption of the air conditioner is additionally consumed during its long-term operation, indirectly reducing the effective amount of electricity available for charging and discharging in the energy storage battery compartment, thereby reducing the overall system operating efficiency.

[0003] To address battery cooling issues, various solutions have been developed. The technological evolution has progressed from simple air cooling to indirect liquid cooling suitable for high power density systems, and then to immersion liquid cooling, which offers superior cooling performance. Taking the currently widely used indirect liquid cooling system as an example, its system includes air conditioning equipment, a coolant (such as an aqueous ethylene glycol solution), and a cooling plate for indirect contact with the battery. In this system, designers typically employ a "time-for-power" selection strategy, utilizing the battery's safe temperature rise range as a buffer, allowing the air conditioner to continue operating after battery charging and discharging to handle residual heat, thereby reducing the initial power requirement and construction cost of the air conditioner. Furthermore, to optimize energy consumption and efficiency, the industry has proposed hybrid temperature control system designs that combine natural cooling (such as natural cooling towers) with compressor refrigeration, seeking to utilize ambient temperature differences to supplement or replace some of the mechanical refrigeration requirements.

[0004] Despite the variety of existing technical solutions, they generally suffer from limitations or design flaws. Several existing patent applications mentioned in this article serve as examples: some solutions combine natural cooling with compressor refrigeration but lack cold storage devices, resulting in the ineffective utilization of "waste cold" resources in low-temperature environments due to a mismatch with the "peak heat" periods of battery charging and discharging; some solutions, while incorporating cold and heat storage devices, have application scenarios that are out of sync with actual needs (such as focusing on winter heating), leading to low facility utilization and poor economic efficiency; still others, when designing heat pipes or dual-water systems, fail to comprehensively consider the cooling demand during charging and discharging periods and the continuity of natural cooling operation mechanisms, potentially causing the system to hinder the thermal management process under certain conditions, or even exacerbate insufficient cooling. These shortcomings collectively result in existing solutions failing to fully unleash the potential of natural cold sources in practice, failing to effectively address air conditioning failure risks and battery degradation issues, and contributing limitedly to the optimization of overall charging and discharging efficiency.

[0005] In summary, the core challenge in energy storage battery cooling lies in how to economically, efficiently, and safely manage battery heat generation during specific periods to reduce the impact of temperature rise on battery lifespan, while simultaneously lowering the operational burden and energy consumption of the air conditioning system. While existing technologies have made numerous attempts in this direction, they still fall short in achieving efficient matching and coordinated operation of cooling capacity across time and space. Therefore, a novel thermal management solution is urgently needed that deeply couples the environmental cycle (especially diurnal temperature variation), the energy storage operation cycle, and the refrigeration system operation cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a temperature control system and method for an energy storage battery compartment, which can effectively utilize the diurnal temperature difference to achieve cross-time storage and allocation of cooling capacity, thereby reducing air conditioning operating time, reducing cooling energy consumption, and slowing down battery temperature rise and aging.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, a temperature control system for an energy storage battery compartment is provided. The energy storage battery compartment is cooled by an indirect liquid cooling method based on an aqueous ethylene glycol solution and is equipped with a primary liquid cooling system including an air conditioning subsystem. The temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment also includes a natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem. The natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem includes: Closed-loop natural cooling tower; Cold storage tanks and liquid storage tanks; And a combination of circulating pumps and valves for connecting the closed natural cooling tower, the cold storage tank, the liquid storage tank, and the original liquid cooling system; The valve assembly is connected to the control system and configured to allow the temperature control system to switch between at least two modes: during a preset cold storage period outside the battery compartment's charging and discharging period, a cold storage mode is activated, utilizing the closed natural cooling tower to exchange heat with ambient air to reduce the temperature of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution flowing from the liquid storage tank to the cold storage tank; during the battery compartment's charging and discharging period, a coordinated cooling mode is activated, combining the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank with the cooling capacity provided by the air conditioning subsystem to cool the battery compartment.

[0008] Furthermore, the closed-loop natural cooling tower is used to cool the ethylene glycol aqueous solution when the ambient temperature is lower than a set value; the cold storage tank and the liquid storage tank are matched in volume and are used to store the cooled low-temperature coolant and the reheated coolant after circulation, respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the coordinated cooling mode includes at least one of a hybrid enhanced cooling mode and a sequential cooling mode; In the hybrid enhanced refrigeration mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution provided by the cold storage tank and the refrigeration circuit of the air conditioning subsystem provide coolant to the battery compartment in parallel. In the continuous operation cooling mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution provided by the cold storage tank and the cooling effect of the air conditioning subsystem work sequentially during the charging and discharging period.

[0010] Furthermore, in the continuous operation cooling mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank is used for cooling first. When its cooling capacity is insufficient to meet the demand, the cooling of the air conditioning subsystem is then started or enhanced.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment automatically triggers the switching of operating modes based on ambient temperature, battery compartment heat load, and / or time cycle signals.

[0012] Furthermore, in the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment, the mass concentration of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution is preferably 40%.

[0013] Furthermore, in the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment, the volumes of the cold storage tank and the liquid storage tank are determined based on the cooling capacity shortfall of the battery compartment during a single charge-discharge period and the natural cooling capacity during the preset cold storage period.

[0014] Furthermore, in the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment, the preset cold storage period is scheduled during the nighttime to early morning hours when the ambient temperature is lower than the target cooling temperature of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0015] Secondly, a method based on the temperature control system mentioned in the first aspect is provided, which is particularly suitable for energy storage power stations with large diurnal temperature differences. The method specifically includes the following steps: S1: During the preset cold storage period, the control system switches to the cold storage mode, drives the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the storage tank to flow through the closed natural cooling tower, uses the ambient temperature difference for cooling, and then pumps the cooled low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution into the cold storage tank for storage. S2: When the battery compartment enters the predetermined charging and discharging period, the control system switches to the coordinated cooling mode and delivers the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank to the cooling circuit of the battery compartment to cool the battery compartment. S3: Collect the heated ethylene glycol aqueous solution from step S2 after heat exchange back into the storage tank for the next cold storage cycle.

[0016] Furthermore, the coordinated cooling in step S2 specifically involves: during the initial stage of charging and discharging at the peak of battery heat generation load, the cold storage tank and the air conditioning subsystem are operated in combination to improve the total cooling capacity; or during the charging and discharging period, the cold storage tank is used for cooling first, and then the air conditioning subsystem is used to continue cooling when the cooling capacity is insufficient, or vice versa.

[0017] Furthermore, the method adjusts the cooling ratio and operating sequence of the cold storage tank and the air conditioning subsystem to match the operating time of the air conditioning subsystem with the charging and discharging period of the battery compartment, thereby shortening the total operating time of the air conditioning subsystem.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By supplementing the cold storage capacity, the temperature rise of the battery can be reduced during peak heat generation periods, thereby effectively slowing down the thermal degradation and aging of the battery.

[0019] 2. By complementing cooling capacity, the air conditioner does not need to continue running for a long time after charging and discharging. The running time can be highly matched with the charging and discharging period (4 hours), which significantly reduces the cumulative running time of the air conditioner and reduces the risk of failure and accidents.

[0020] 3. Natural cooling consumes very little energy. Combined with the reduction in air conditioning usage time, the total power consumption of the cooling process is greatly reduced, which is equivalent to saving more charging power and directly improving the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0021] 4. The present invention is particularly suitable for regions with large diurnal temperature differences, and can make full use of the abundant and low-cost local "natural cold source" resources. The system architecture is clear and has high economic efficiency and feasibility.

[0022] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a temperature control system for an energy storage battery compartment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a temperature control system for an energy storage battery compartment. The energy storage battery compartment is cooled by an indirect liquid cooling method based on an ethylene glycol aqueous solution and is equipped with a primary liquid cooling system including an air conditioning subsystem. The temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment also includes a natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem. The natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem includes: Closed-loop natural cooling tower; Cold storage tanks and liquid storage tanks; And a combination of circulating pumps and valves for connecting the closed natural cooling tower, the cold storage tank, the liquid storage tank, and the original liquid cooling system; The valve assembly is connected to the control system and configured to allow the temperature control system to switch between at least two modes: during a preset cold storage period outside the battery compartment's charging and discharging period, a cold storage mode is activated, utilizing the closed natural cooling tower to exchange heat with ambient air to reduce the temperature of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution flowing from the liquid storage tank to the cold storage tank; during the battery compartment's charging and discharging period, a coordinated cooling mode is activated, combining the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank with the cooling capacity provided by the air conditioning subsystem to cool the battery compartment.

[0027] Furthermore, the closed-loop natural cooling tower is used to cool the ethylene glycol aqueous solution when the ambient temperature is lower than a set value; the cold storage tank and the liquid storage tank are matched in volume and are used to store the cooled low-temperature coolant and the reheated coolant after circulation, respectively.

[0028] Furthermore, the coordinated cooling mode includes at least one of a hybrid enhanced cooling mode and a sequential cooling mode; In the hybrid enhanced refrigeration mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution provided by the cold storage tank and the refrigeration circuit of the air conditioning subsystem provide coolant to the battery compartment in parallel. In the continuous operation cooling mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution provided by the cold storage tank and the cooling effect of the air conditioning subsystem work sequentially during the charging and discharging period.

[0029] Furthermore, in the continuous operation cooling mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank is used for cooling first. When its cooling capacity is insufficient to meet the demand, the cooling of the air conditioning subsystem is then started or enhanced.

[0030] Furthermore, the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment automatically triggers the switching of operating modes based on ambient temperature, battery compartment heat load, and / or time cycle signals.

[0031] Furthermore, in the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment, the mass concentration of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution is preferably 40%.

[0032] Furthermore, in the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment, the volumes of the cold storage tank and the liquid storage tank are determined based on the cooling capacity shortfall of the battery compartment during a single charge-discharge period and the natural cooling capacity during the preset cold storage period.

[0033] Furthermore, in the temperature control system for the energy storage battery compartment, the preset cold storage period is scheduled during the nighttime to early morning hours when the ambient temperature is lower than the target cooling temperature of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0034] This embodiment adds a natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem to the existing air conditioning indirect liquid cooling system. This subsystem consists of a closed natural cooling tower, a cold storage tank, a liquid storage tank, and valves and pipelines. This allows the temperature control system to activate the cold storage mode during low-temperature periods, such as at night, utilizing the natural environment to cool and store the coolant (e.g., a 40% ethylene glycol aqueous solution). During peak battery charging and discharging periods, the system can switch to a coordinated cooling mode. This mode employs two strategies: one is hybrid enhanced cooling, where the low-temperature coolant in the cold storage tank works in parallel with the air conditioning to increase the total cooling capacity and effectively suppress battery temperature rise; the other is continuous cooling, prioritizing the use of stored cooling capacity and only activating the air conditioning when insufficient. This design achieves staggered storage and use of cooling capacity, allowing the air conditioning's operating time to match the battery charging and discharging periods. Theoretically, this can shorten air conditioning operating time, reduce its failure risk, and save energy by utilizing free natural cooling sources.

[0035] Example 2: This embodiment provides a method for a temperature control system for an energy storage battery compartment, the method specifically including the following steps: S1: During the preset cold storage period, the control system switches to the cold storage mode, drives the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the storage tank to flow through the closed natural cooling tower, uses the ambient temperature difference for cooling, and then pumps the cooled low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution into the cold storage tank for storage. S2: When the battery compartment enters the predetermined charging and discharging period, the control system switches to the coordinated cooling mode and delivers the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank to the cooling circuit of the battery compartment to cool the battery compartment. S3: Collect the heated ethylene glycol aqueous solution from step S2 after heat exchange back into the storage tank for the next cold storage cycle.

[0036] Furthermore, the coordinated cooling in step S2 specifically involves: during the initial stage of charging and discharging at the peak of battery heat generation load, the cold storage tank and the air conditioning subsystem are operated in combination to improve the total cooling capacity; or during the charging and discharging period, the cold storage tank is used for cooling first, and then the air conditioning subsystem is used to continue cooling when the cooling capacity is insufficient, or vice versa.

[0037] Furthermore, the method adjusts the cooling ratio and operating sequence of the cold storage tank and the air conditioning subsystem to match the operating time of the air conditioning subsystem with the charging and discharging period of the battery compartment, thereby shortening the total operating time of the air conditioning subsystem.

[0038] Example 3: This embodiment further illustrates the invention using a specific application example. The example focuses on the battery compartment of a typical 2.5MW / 5MWh energy storage power station in Northwest my country, where the diurnal temperature range can exceed 15°C, making it highly suitable for the temperature control system design of this invention. The original indirect liquid-cooled air conditioning system in the battery compartment had a rated cooling capacity of 100kW. Before this modification, due to limitations in the air conditioning selection strategy, the peak temperature rise of the battery during charging and discharging could reach 7.6°C. The air conditioning system operated for approximately 6.3 hours daily, and the total energy consumption for cooling accounted for 3.2% of the total charging and discharging capacity of the energy storage system. Under long-term operation, the rate of battery thermal degradation was significantly higher than expected, and the annual failure rate of the air conditioning system was approximately 8% due to prolonged high-load operation.

[0039] See attached for reference. Figure 1 The system architecture shown in this embodiment is a modification of the existing indirect liquid cooling system. The newly added natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem includes a closed natural cooling tower with a heat dissipation power of 8.75kW, and a pair of cold storage tanks and liquid storage tanks, each with a volume of 21 cubic meters, for a total volume of 42 cubic meters. The system is additionally equipped with 21 tons of 40% ethylene glycol aqueous solution. This concentration of coolant can maintain good flow characteristics in the low-temperature winter environment of Northwest China, avoiding the risk of pipeline freezing. All new components are connected to the existing ethylene glycol aqueous solution circulating cooling loop of the air conditioning system through circulating pumps and electric valve groups, forming an expanded loop that can independently switch operating modes. The control logic of the entire system is connected to the power plant's existing BMS temperature control management platform, which can automatically switch modes based on ambient temperature, real-time heat load of the battery compartment, and preset time period signals.

[0040] To achieve the set goals, the technical parameters of the natural cooling and cold storage device are shown in Table 1: Table 1: Parameters of Natural Cooling and Cold Storage Devices

[0041]

[0042] The parameters in Table 3 are designed for a single battery compartment with natural cooling and cold storage devices, and equipment selection can be made based on these parameters. For energy storage power stations with multiple battery compartments, multiple battery compartments can share a single set of natural cooling and cold storage devices; simply increase the parameters proportionally and select the appropriate equipment.

[0043] In this embodiment, the daily operation of the temperature control system is divided into three core stages: The first stage is the cold storage period from 21:00 at night to 09:00 the next day. During this time, the ambient temperature in Northwest China generally drops below 10℃. The system automatically bypasses the air conditioning subsystem and starts the cold storage mode. The circulating pump drives the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the storage tank, which has been heated after the previous day's cooling, to flow through the closed natural cooling tower. The system uses the temperature difference between the environment and the coolant to continuously exchange heat. After 12 hours of natural cooling circulation, the temperature of the coolant in the storage tank is stably reduced to about 12℃, completing the storage of about 105kWh of cold energy. The entire cold storage process only involves the operation of the circulating pump, and the total energy consumption is controlled within 5kWh, which is far lower than the cooling energy consumption of the air conditioning compressor.

[0044] The second phase is the peak charging heat load period from 12:00 to 14:00. During this period, the system automatically switches to a hybrid enhanced cooling mode. The low-temperature coolant in the cold storage tank and the air conditioning subsystem are simultaneously connected to the cooling circuit. The original 100kW air conditioning cooling capacity is combined with the 65kWh of cooling capacity released by the cold storage tank, resulting in a significant improvement in the total heat exchange capacity. The peak temperature rise of the battery compartment is controlled within 3℃, which is far lower than the original temperature rise level of 7.6℃, effectively avoiding thermal degradation of the battery caused by long-term exposure to high-temperature environments.

[0045] The third stage is the peak period of discharge heat load from 19:00 to 21:00 in the evening. The system switches to continuous operation cooling mode. The remaining low temperature coolant in the cold storage tank first undertakes the main cooling load. When the cold capacity in the cold storage tank is released to 10% of the remaining capacity, the air conditioning subsystem is started to continue operation. In this mode, the air conditioner does not need to continue to run idle after the discharge ends, and it stops directly with the discharge process.

[0046] Through the complete daily operation cycle described above, the final effect achieved in this embodiment perfectly matches the design goals in Table 3: the actual operating time of the air conditioner is significantly reduced from the original 6.3 hours to 4 hours, and the operating period is precisely matched with the charging and discharging period of the battery compartment, completely eliminating the long-term idling of the air conditioner after charging and discharging. The annual failure rate of the air conditioner is expected to decrease from 8% to below 2%. At the same time, the total energy consumption of the cooling process is reduced from the original 3.2% to 2.1%, which is equivalent to releasing approximately 55kWh of effective electricity per 5MWh of energy storage cycle, directly improving the overall charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage power station. According to calculations, the static investment payback period of this embodiment can be controlled within 3 years, and it has extremely high engineering promotion value in the Northwest region with abundant diurnal temperature range resources.

[0047] Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A temperature control system for an energy storage battery compartment, wherein the energy storage battery compartment is cooled by an indirect liquid cooling method based on an ethylene glycol aqueous solution, and is equipped with a primary liquid cooling system including an air conditioning subsystem, characterized in that, It also includes a natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem; The natural cooling and cold storage coupling subsystem includes: Closed-loop natural cooling tower; Cold storage tanks and liquid storage tanks; And a combination of circulating pumps and valves for connecting the closed natural cooling tower, the cold storage tank, the liquid storage tank, and the original liquid cooling system; The valve assembly is connected to the control system and configured to allow the temperature control system to switch between at least two modes: during a preset cold storage period outside the battery compartment's charging and discharging period, a cold storage mode is activated, utilizing the closed natural cooling tower to exchange heat with ambient air to reduce the temperature of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution flowing from the liquid storage tank to the cold storage tank; during the battery compartment's charging and discharging period, a coordinated cooling mode is activated, combining the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank with the cooling capacity provided by the air conditioning subsystem to cool the battery compartment.

2. The temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coordinated cooling mode includes at least one of a hybrid enhanced cooling mode and a sequential cooling mode; wherein: In the hybrid enhanced cooling mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution provided by the cold storage tank and the cooling circuit of the air conditioning subsystem provide coolant to the battery compartment in parallel. In the continuous operation cooling mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution provided by the cold storage tank and the cooling effect of the air conditioning subsystem work sequentially during the charging and discharging period.

3. The temperature control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the continuous operation cooling mode, the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank is used for cooling first. When its cooling capacity is insufficient to meet the demand, the cooling of the air conditioning subsystem is then started or enhanced.

4. The temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system automatically triggers the switching of operating modes based on ambient temperature, battery compartment heat load, and / or time cycle signals.

5. The temperature control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution is 40%.

6. The temperature control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The volume of the cold storage tank and the liquid storage tank is determined based on the cooling capacity gap of the battery compartment during a single charge and discharge period and the natural cooling capacity during the preset cold storage period.

7. The temperature control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The preset cold storage period is scheduled during the nighttime to early morning hours when the ambient temperature is lower than the target cooling temperature of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

8. A method for controlling the temperature of an energy storage battery compartment using a temperature control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: During the preset cold storage period, the control system switches to the cold storage mode, drives the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the storage tank to flow through the closed natural cooling tower, uses the ambient temperature difference for cooling, and then pumps the cooled low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution into the cold storage tank for storage. Step S2: When the battery compartment enters the predetermined charging and discharging period, the control system switches to the coordinated cooling mode and delivers the low-temperature ethylene glycol aqueous solution stored in the cold storage tank to the cooling circuit of the battery compartment to cool the battery compartment. Step S3: Collect the heated ethylene glycol aqueous solution from step S2 after heat exchange back into the storage tank for the next cold storage cycle.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The coordinated cooling in step S2 specifically refers to: During the initial charging and discharging phase at the peak of battery heat generation load, the cold storage tank and the air conditioning subsystem are operated in combination to improve the total cooling capacity; or during the charging and discharging period, the cold storage tank is used to provide cooling first, and then the air conditioning subsystem is used to continue operating when the cooling capacity is insufficient.

10. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that: By adjusting the cooling ratio and operating sequence of the cold storage tank and the air conditioning subsystem, the operating time of the air conditioning subsystem is matched with the charging and discharging period of the battery compartment, thereby shortening the total operating time of the air conditioning subsystem.

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