An intelligent battery case with a low-energy self-powered environmental conditioning system and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent battery shell with a low-energy-consumption self-powered environment adjusting system and a control method thereof. The shell comprises a shell body, a temperature adjusting subsystem, a humidity adjusting subsystem, an air pressure adjusting subsystem, a self-powered power management subsystem and an intelligent control system. The shell body is made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material and has a bionic honeycomb reinforcing structure. The temperature adjusting subsystem realizes active and passive combined temperature control through a phase change material layer, a micro thermoelectric refrigerator and a PTC heating element. The humidity adjusting subsystem realizes active and passive combined dehumidification through a desiccant module and a micro semiconductor dehumidifier. The air pressure adjusting subsystem realizes adjustable external pressure (1.0-1.5 MPa) on the battery through a micro piezoelectric air pump and an air bag. The self-powered power management subsystem comprises a thermoelectric energy harvesting module, which utilizes temperature difference to supply power to a sensor and an MCU. The intelligent control system executes a hierarchical wake-up and hierarchical regulation strategy based on battery SOC / SOH, and standby power consumption is less than or equal to 10 mu W. The application realizes systematic and collaborative regulation of temperature, humidity and air pressure, and has extremely low energy consumption, which can significantly prolong the service life of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery casing technology, specifically to an intelligent battery casing capable of autonomously adjusting the temperature, humidity, and air pressure of the battery's working environment, and more particularly to a casing and its control method that is intelligently self-powered by the battery itself and has a low-energy consumption management strategy. Background Technology

[0002] The performance, cycle life, and safety of a battery are closely related to parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure in its operating environment.

[0003] Regarding temperature, the optimal operating temperature for lithium batteries is between 15°C and 35°C. Various battery box temperature control solutions have emerged in the prior art, such as battery box systems that achieve temperature control through coolant circulation in a hollow layer, and protective battery boxes that adaptively adjust temperature through openings in a folded panel. However, these solutions primarily focus on adjusting a single temperature parameter.

[0004] Regarding humidity, existing technologies include solutions that use humidity sensors in conjunction with hydraulic telescopic rods to adjust the height of the battery pack for moisture prevention, as well as systems that utilize drying devices to dehumidify the inside of the battery casing. Furthermore, existing technologies disclose methods for controlling air valves, dehumidifiers, and thermal management devices based on dew point temperature and pressure differences to prevent battery pack damage. While this method considers both temperature and humidity parameters, its primary purpose is to "prevent condensation" and "prevent high temperatures," rather than actively adjusting temperature, humidity, and pressure to their respective optimal operating ranges.

[0005] Regarding air pressure, existing technologies include pressure balancing valves to balance the air pressure inside and outside the battery casing. However, these devices passively balance the air pressure to prevent damage to the casing, rather than actively regulating the air pressure to optimize battery performance and lifespan. Studies have shown that appropriate external pressure (approximately 12.5 bar) can significantly extend battery life, but this research has not yet been applied to the active air pressure regulation design of battery casings.

[0006] Regarding self-powered systems, existing technologies include solutions that utilize thermoelectric conversion units to convert the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the casing into electrical energy to charge the battery, as well as energy conversion solutions for self-powered sensors that integrate piezoelectricity and thermoelectricity. However, these solutions all use the collected electrical energy for external loads or battery charging, rather than for driving the casing's own environmental regulation system.

[0007] Regarding intelligent management, a management method based on SOH (State of Health) hierarchical control of battery charging current and SOC (State of Charge) range has been disclosed. This method involves a hierarchical control strategy based on battery health status, but its application scenario is battery charging management, which belongs to a different technical field and application scenario than the energy consumption management of the casing environmental regulation system involved in this invention.

[0008] In summary, the existing technology has the following shortcomings: (1) The temperature, humidity and air pressure regulation functions are independent of each other and lack systematic coordinated control; (2) The passive air pressure balancing device cannot achieve active and precise pressure regulation to optimize battery performance; (3) The energy supply of the environmental regulation system lacks a self-powered architecture and intelligent energy consumption management based on battery status; (4) No integrated solution has been found that integrates multi-parameter coordinated regulation, self-powered management and graded energy consumption management strategy based on SOC / SOH into the same lightweight shell. Summary of the Invention

[0009] (a) Technical problems to be solved The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an intelligent battery casing with a low-energy self-powered environmental regulation system and its control method, so as to solve the following problems existing in the prior art: (1) It is impossible to systematically coordinate and actively regulate temperature, humidity and air pressure; (2) Air pressure regulation is limited to passive balance and cannot be actively adjusted to the optimal working pressure; (3) The energy supply of the regulation device lacks self-powered management and graded energy consumption control based on battery status.

[0010] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A smart battery casing with a low-energy self-powered environmental regulation system includes: 1. Outer shell body The outer shell is made of lightweight, high-rigidity composite material, comprising an inner shell and an outer shell, with a sandwich space formed between the inner and outer shells and a biomimetic honeycomb reinforcement structure. High-elasticity sealing rings are installed at the joints of each layer to ensure airtightness and watertightness. The deformation rate of the outer shell under an internal air pressure of 1.5 MPa does not exceed 0.5%.

[0011] 2. Temperature Control Subsystem The temperature regulation subsystem adopts a low-power architecture that is primarily passive and secondarily active, including: Phase change material layer: Set in the interlayer space, filled with solid-solid phase change material or microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 20°C to 40°C, to achieve passive isothermal buffering under power-free conditions; Miniature thermoelectric cooler (TEC): Located on the inner wall of the inner shell, it uses a miniature TEC chip with a high energy efficiency ratio (COP≥2.5) for active cooling or heating; Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heating element: Located on the inner wall of the inner shell, it has self-limiting temperature characteristics to prevent overheating; First temperature sensor: Located on the inner wall of the inner housing, it is a low-power sensor; Second temperature sensor: Located on the outer wall of the outer casing, used to collect the external ambient temperature to assist in control decisions.

[0012] 3. Humidity Control Subsystem The humidity control subsystem also adopts a low-power architecture of "passive priority, active supplementation", including: Replaceable desiccant module: Set in a reserved slot inside the housing to achieve passive moisture absorption with zero power consumption; Miniature semiconductor dehumidifier: Located on the inner wall of the housing, it only activates when the humidity exceeds the standard and the battery status level meets the requirements; Humidity sensor: Located on the inner wall of the housing, it is a low-power sensor; Vent valve: Located on the outer casing, it has a filtering function to prevent external dust from entering.

[0013] 4. Pressure Regulation Subsystem The pressure regulation subsystem achieves active and precise pressure regulation, which is fundamentally different from the passive balancing solutions of existing technologies. Miniature piezoelectric air pump: mounted on the outer casing, power consumption ≤ 0.5W, size ≤ 5cm². 3 It is used to actively inflate and pressurize the internal cavity; Airbag / elastic gas storage component: Located inside the housing cavity, it is inflated and deflated by a micro air pump to apply controllable external pressure to the battery; Pressure sensor: installed on the inner wall of the housing, used to detect the air pressure inside the housing in real time; Normally closed gas regulating valve: Located on the outer casing, it is only opened by energizing when pressure is released.

[0014] 5. Self-Powered Power Management Subsystem The self-powered power management subsystem is one of the key innovations of this invention that distinguishes it from existing technologies. Power switching module: Connects to the battery body, external power interface and microcontroller respectively, and is used to automatically select the power source; Supercapacitor / Miniature Energy Storage Unit: Connected to the power switching module, it is used to store electrical energy and provide instantaneous high current to various regulation subsystems; Thermoelectric energy harvesting module (TEG): Located in the interlayer space between the inner and outer shells, it generates micro-electric energy based on the Seebeck effect by utilizing the temperature difference between the battery body and the external environment. It prioritizes powering the sensors and microcontrollers, reducing the power consumption of the battery body. Power Management Chip (PMIC): Connected to the battery body, it is used to convert the battery voltage into different voltage rails required by each subsystem, and monitor the battery's output voltage and current in real time, thereby obtaining the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) information.

[0015] 6. Intelligent Control System The intelligent control system adopts an ultra-low power architecture, including: Ultra-low power microcontroller (MCU): adopts ARM Cortex-M0+ or ​​RISC-V architecture, with standby power consumption ≤1µA and operating power consumption ≤10mA / MHz; Storage module: Connected to the microcontroller, it stores preset optimal operating temperature range, optimal operating humidity range, optimal operating air pressure value, and adjustment strategy priorities corresponding to different battery SOC / SOH levels; Low-power communication module: Uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or ZigBee protocol to interact with external battery management system; Real-time clock (RTC): Connected to the microcontroller, used to periodically wake up the MCU to perform periodic environmental parameter acquisition; Hierarchical wake-up management unit: Connects to the microcontroller and various sensors, controls the sensors and actuators to work intermittently according to a preset cycle, avoiding energy waste caused by continuous operation.

[0016] (III) Intelligent Energy Consumption Management and Control Methods The core of the control method described in this invention lies in: making hierarchical decisions based on the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) to achieve an optimal balance between "protecting the battery" and "consuming battery energy." The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Ultra-low power standby and periodic wake-up Both the microcontroller and sensors are in sleep mode by default, with only the real-time clock (RTC) operating periodically. Every predetermined time interval Δt (preferably 30 to 300 seconds), the RTC wakes up the microcontroller, which then wakes each sensor to collect data on the internal temperature T1, external ambient temperature T2, relative humidity H, and internal air pressure P of the housing. After data collection, both the sensors and the microcontroller immediately return to sleep mode. The total system power consumption in sleep mode is ≤10µW.

[0017] Step S2: Battery State Assessment and Grading The microcontroller obtains the current SOC and SOH of the battery through the power management chip and classifies them into the following levels: Level I (Health Status): SOC ≥ 40% and SOH ≥ 80%. At this level, the battery has sufficient energy, is in good health, and can perform full active regulation. Level II (Alert State): 20% ≤ SOC < 40% or 60% ≤ SOH < 80%. At this time, the battery energy or health status has entered the alert range, and power consumption needs to be limited and adjusted. Level III (Critical State): SOC < 20% or SOH < 60%. At this point, the battery energy or health status is close to the danger zone. All active adjustments should be stopped, and only monitoring should be maintained.

[0018] The core concept of the above-mentioned tiered strategy is to treat battery energy as a limited resource and determine the "expenditure budget" based on the battery's own "economic condition"—to fully adjust to extend lifespan when in good condition and to prioritize basic functions when in poor condition.

[0019] Step S3: Execution of the tiered adjustment strategy The microcontroller executes the corresponding adjustment strategy based on the level determined in step S2: Level I: Performs full active adjustment of temperature, humidity, and air pressure, adjusting T1 to [T min , T max Adjust H to [H] min H max Adjust P to P opt ; Level II: Only active temperature regulation is performed; humidity regulation is switched to a passive moisture absorption mode that relies solely on the desiccant module; and air pressure regulation is switched to a passive balancing mode that relies solely on the flexible air storage component. Level III: Stop all active adjustments, maintain only sensor monitoring, and send alarm signals to the external BMS via the communication module.

[0020] Meanwhile, the wake-up interval Δt is dynamically adjusted according to the battery level: 30 seconds for level I, 120 seconds for level II, and 300 seconds for level III. That is, the worse the battery condition, the lower the monitoring frequency, further reducing energy consumption.

[0021] Step S4: Low-power execution of temperature regulation If T1 < T min The PTC heating element is activated first, utilizing its self-limiting temperature characteristic to achieve safe heating. If the heating element has been operating for a predetermined time (T1) and T2 has not yet reached T3, the heating element will be deactivated. min Then restart the micro thermoelectric cooler to switch to heating mode; If T1 > T max The micro thermoelectric cooler is activated first in cooling mode, while the phase change material layer passively absorbs heat to assist in cooling. If T1 has not dropped to T after the TEC has been operating for a predetermined time... max The following will send a high-temperature alarm via the communication module; If T1 ∈ [T min , T max ]: No active heating or cooling devices are activated; temperature stability is maintained solely by the passive buffering of the phase change material layer.

[0022] Step S5: Low-power execution of humidity control If H > H max The current level is Level I: the micro semiconductor dehumidifier is activated for active dehumidification; If H > H max And the current level is not Level I: only prompts to replace the desiccant module, does not start active dehumidification, to avoid increasing energy consumption burden when the battery is in poor condition; If H ∈ [H min H max ]: Maintain the current state.

[0023] Step S6: Low-power execution of air pressure regulation If P < P opt The current level is Level I: The miniature air pump is activated to inflate and pressurize the airbag. During inflation, P is checked at predetermined time intervals, and when P is reached... opt Then immediately stop the air pump. The target air pressure adjustment value P opt The pressure is adaptively adjusted according to different battery types: 1.0 MPa for lithium iron phosphate batteries, 1.25 MPa for ternary lithium batteries, and 1.5 MPa for solid-state batteries. If P > P opt : Open the normally closed gas regulating valve to briefly release pressure, reaching P opt Immediately close the gas regulating valve; If P = P opt If the current level is not Level I: Do not start the air pump.

[0024] Step S7: Coordinated Compensation and Energy Recovery During the execution of steps S3 to S6, the microcontroller monitors the real-time changes in various parameters—for example, temperature regulation may lead to humidity changes, and air pressure regulation may lead to temperature changes—and performs coordinated compensation adjustments. Simultaneously, the thermoelectric energy harvesting module continuously converts the temperature difference between the battery and the environment into electrical energy, which is stored in the supercapacitor and prioritizes powering the sensors and microcontroller, further reducing the energy consumption of the battery itself.

[0025] Step S8: Periodic cycle After completing one full adjustment cycle, the microcontroller returns to sleep mode and waits for the next timed wake-up from the RTC, repeating steps S1 to S7 in a loop.

[0026] (iv) Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves, for the first time, the systematic and coordinated active regulation of temperature, humidity, and air pressure. In existing technologies, temperature regulation mainly relies on the circulation of coolant in the hollow layer or a thermally vented panel; humidity regulation mainly relies on a drying device or height adjustment driven by a humidity sensor; and air pressure regulation mainly relies on a passive pressure balancing valve. This invention, for the first time, integrates these three regulation subsystems into a single housing, enabling coordinated operation through a unified control system, thus overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies that rely on "single parameter regulation and independent functions."

[0027] 2. Active air pressure regulation differs from existing passive balancing schemes. Existing air pressure regulation technology passively balances the internal and external pressure difference to prevent casing deformation. In contrast, this invention uses a micro air pump and airbag to apply controllable external pressure (1.0-1.5MPa) to the battery, actively regulating the air pressure to the optimal value proven by research to extend battery life. This is fundamentally different in both technical purpose and implementation method.

[0028] 3. The self-powered architecture differs from existing thermoelectric harvesting schemes. Existing thermoelectric conversion schemes use thermoelectric power to charge batteries or power sensors, while this invention prioritizes the use of thermoelectric harvested electricity to drive the environmental regulation system of the outer shell itself, forming a complete closed loop of "self-powered shell". Both the application scenarios and the technical path are innovative.

[0029] 4. The tiered energy management strategy differs from existing tiered control schemes. Huawei has disclosed a method for tiered control of battery charging current based on State of Health (SOH), which is applied in the scenario of "battery charging strategy management." This invention applies the tiered control strategy to "energy management of the enclosure environmental control system," demonstrating a clear distinction in both technical field and application scenario.

[0030] 5. Extremely low standby and operating power consumption. Through an ultra-low power MCU, a tiered wake-up mechanism, an intermittent working mode, and a "passive priority, active as a supplement" adjustment strategy, the standby power consumption of this invention can be as low as below 10µW, and the operating power consumption is reduced by more than 60% compared to traditional solutions.

[0031] 6. Balancing lightweight and high rigidity. Utilizing carbon fiber reinforced composite materials combined with a biomimetic honeycomb reinforcement structure, lightweighting is achieved while ensuring the outer shell can withstand an internal air pressure of 1.5 MPa. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the smart battery casing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the module connection of the self-powered power management subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A block diagram showing the module connection of the intelligent control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A flowchart of an intelligent energy consumption management and control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent battery casing with a low-energy self-powered environmental regulation system, including a casing body (100), a temperature regulation subsystem (200), a humidity regulation subsystem (300), an air pressure regulation subsystem (400), a self-powered power management subsystem (500), and an intelligent control system (600).

[0034] The outer shell body (100) includes an inner shell (110) and an outer shell (120). Both the inner and outer shells are made of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, and a biomimetic honeycomb reinforcing rib (140) is provided in the interlayer space (130).

[0035] The temperature regulation subsystem (200) includes a phase change material layer (210), a micro thermoelectric cooler (220), a PTC heating element (230), a first temperature sensor (240), and a second temperature sensor (250).

[0036] The humidity control subsystem (300) includes a replaceable desiccant module (310), a miniature semiconductor dehumidifier (320), a humidity sensor (330), and a vent valve (340).

[0037] The air pressure regulation subsystem (400) includes a miniature piezoelectric air pump (410), an airbag (420), a pressure sensor (430), and a normally closed air regulating valve (440).

[0038] The self-powered power management subsystem (500) includes a power switching module (510), a supercapacitor (520), a thermoelectric energy harvesting module (530), and a power management chip (540).

[0039] The intelligent control system (600) includes an ultra-low power microcontroller (610), a storage module (620), a low power Bluetooth communication module (630), a real-time clock (640), and a hierarchical wake-up management unit (650).

[0040] Example 2 This embodiment provides a specific application example of the control method.

[0041] Suppose a ternary lithium battery currently has a SOC of 65% and a SOH of 90%, and the microcontroller classifies it as Level I (healthy state). The current internal temperature of the casing is T1 = 28°C, the external ambient temperature is T2 = 35°C, H = 55%RH, and P = 0.1MPa (normal pressure). The storage module has a preset T...min =20°C, T max =30°C, H max =60%RH, P opt =1.25MPa.

[0042] Since T1 is within the optimal range, temperature control is not activated; H is not exceeded, dehumidification is not activated; P=0.1MPa is significantly lower than P. opt =1.25MPa, and the current level is I, so the miniature air pump is started to inflate the airbag. The pressure sensor continuously monitors the pressure during inflation. After approximately 10 seconds, P reaches 1.25MPa, at which point the air pump is immediately stopped. The system then enters sleep mode after adjustment is complete.

[0043] The entire process only consumed the air pump's electrical energy (0.5W×10s≈5J) for air pressure regulation. Temperature and humidity were maintained by passive means, achieving precise regulation with minimal energy consumption.

[0044] Example 3 Suppose a lithium iron phosphate battery currently has a SOC of 25% and a SOH of 85%, classifying it as Level II. Current temperature (T1) is 32°C (slightly above the upper limit), humidity (H) is 65%RH (exceeding the standard), and pressure (P) is 0.1 MPa.

[0045] Because only active temperature regulation is performed in Level II, the microcontroller activates TEC cooling mode to lower the temperature; humidity regulation switches to passive moisture absorption solely through the desiccant module; and air pressure is not actively regulated. The wake-up interval is extended from 30 seconds to 120 seconds. This "selective degradation" strategy ensures critical temperature protection is maintained even when the battery is low, while significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0046] Example 4 Assuming a current SOC of 15% and SOH of 55%, the system is classified as Level III. The microcontroller ceases all active regulation, maintaining only basic monitoring and sending an alarm signal to the external BMS via the communication module. The wake-up interval is extended to 300 seconds. At this time, the casing primarily functions as a passive protection device, preventing the regulator from consuming its remaining battery power.

Claims

1. A smart battery casing with a low-energy self-powered environmental regulation system, characterized in that, include: The outer shell body (100) includes an inner shell (110) and an outer shell (120), with a sandwich space (130) formed between the inner shell (110) and the outer shell (120), and the outer shell body (100) is made of a lightweight high-rigidity composite material; A temperature regulation subsystem (200) is disposed on the outer shell body (100) and is used to regulate the temperature of the inner cavity of the outer shell body (100); A humidity control subsystem (300) is disposed on the outer casing (100) and is used to regulate the humidity inside the outer casing (100); A pressure regulation subsystem (400) is provided on the outer shell body (100) and is used to actively regulate the air pressure inside the outer shell body (100) to a preset optimal working air pressure value; The self-powered power management subsystem (500) is connected to the battery body, the external power interface, the temperature regulation subsystem (200), the humidity regulation subsystem (300) and the air pressure regulation subsystem (400) respectively, and is used to manage the power source and distribute power. The intelligent control system (600) is electrically connected to the temperature regulation subsystem (200), the humidity regulation subsystem (300), the air pressure regulation subsystem (400), and the self-powered power management subsystem (500), respectively, and is used to coordinate the operation of each subsystem based on real-time monitoring data, battery state of charge, and battery health status, and to execute a graded energy consumption management strategy.

2. The smart battery casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-powered power management subsystem (500) includes: The power switching module (510) is connected to the battery body and the external power interface respectively, and is used to automatically select the power source; A supercapacitor (520) is connected to the power switching module (510) and is used to store electrical energy and provide instantaneous high current to each regulation subsystem; Thermoelectric energy harvesting module (530) is set in the interlayer space (130). Based on the Seebeck effect, it uses the temperature difference between the battery body and the external environment to generate electrical energy to power the sensor and microcontroller. The power management chip (540) is connected to the battery body and is used to convert the battery voltage to different voltage rails required by each subsystem and to monitor the battery's state of charge and health.

3. The smart battery casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system (600) includes: Ultra-low power microcontroller (610), standby power consumption ≤1µA, operating power consumption ≤10mA / MHz; The storage module (620) is connected to the microcontroller (610) and stores the preset optimal operating temperature range, optimal operating humidity range, optimal operating air pressure value, and adjustment strategy priority corresponding to different battery state of charge levels. A low-power communication module (630) is connected to the microcontroller (610) and is used to interact with an external battery management system. A real-time clock (640) is connected to the microcontroller (610) and is used to periodically wake up the microcontroller to perform periodic environmental parameter acquisition. The hierarchical wake-up management unit (650) is connected to the microcontroller (610) and each sensor, and controls the sensors and actuators to work intermittently according to a preset cycle.

4. The smart battery casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature regulation subsystem (200) includes: A phase change material layer (210) is disposed in the interlayer space (130) and filled with a solid-solid phase change material or microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 20°C to 40°C; A miniature thermoelectric cooler (220) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner shell (110); A positive temperature coefficient heating element (230) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner shell (110) or in the phase change material layer (210); A first temperature sensor (240) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner shell (110) for detecting the temperature of the inner cavity of the outer shell body (100); The second temperature sensor (250) is disposed on the outer wall of the outer housing (120) and is used to detect the external ambient temperature.

5. The smart battery casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The humidity control subsystem (300) includes: A replaceable desiccant module (310) is disposed in a slot in the inner wall of the inner housing (110); A miniature semiconductor dehumidifier (320) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner housing (110); A humidity sensor (330) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner housing (110) for detecting the relative humidity of the cavity inside the outer housing (100); A vent valve (340) is disposed on the outer casing (100).

6. The smart battery casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure regulation subsystem (400) includes: A miniature piezoelectric air pump (410) is mounted on the outer casing (100) and has a power consumption of ≤0.5W; An airbag (420) is disposed in the inner cavity of the outer shell body (100) and is connected to the micro air pump (410) through an air tube; A pressure sensor (430) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner shell (110) for detecting the air pressure inside the outer shell body (100); A normally closed gas regulating valve (440) is provided on the housing body (100) and is energized to open only when pressure is released.

7. The intelligent battery casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight and high-rigidity composite material is a carbon fiber reinforced composite material. A biomimetic honeycomb reinforcing rib (140) is also provided between the inner shell (110) and the outer shell (120). The deformation rate of the outer shell body (100) under an internal air pressure of 1.5 MPa does not exceed 0.5%.

8. A smart energy consumption management and control method using the smart battery casing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The real-time clock (640) wakes up the microcontroller (610) at a predetermined time interval. The microcontroller wakes up each sensor to collect the internal temperature T1 of the housing, the external ambient temperature T2, the relative humidity H of the housing, and the air pressure P of the housing. After the data collection is completed, each sensor and the microcontroller return to sleep state. S2: The microcontroller obtains the current state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of the battery body through the power management chip (540), and divides the battery state into different levels according to the preset threshold. S3: The microcontroller executes a graded adjustment strategy corresponding to the grade determined in step S2. In the graded adjustment strategy, the higher the battery state level, the more active adjustment items are executed and the higher the adjustment frequency; the lower the battery state level, the fewer active adjustment items are executed and the lower the adjustment frequency. S4: When performing temperature regulation, the phase change material layer (210) is used first for passive temperature control. If passive temperature control is insufficient, the micro thermoelectric cooler (220) or positive temperature coefficient heating element (230) is started for active regulation. S5: When performing humidity adjustment, the replaceable desiccant module (310) is used first for passive moisture absorption. When passive moisture absorption is insufficient and the battery status level meets the preset conditions, the micro semiconductor dehumidifier (320) is started for active dehumidification. S6: When performing air pressure regulation, the micro air pump (410) is started to inflate and pressurize the airbag (420) only when the battery status level meets the preset conditions, and the air pump is stopped immediately after reaching the preset optimal working air pressure value P_opt; S7: After completing one adjustment cycle, the microcontroller returns to sleep mode and waits for the next timed wake-up from the real-time clock, repeating steps S1 to S6 in a loop.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery state levels mentioned in step S2 include: Level I: SOC ≥ 40% and SOH ≥ 80%, performing full active regulation of temperature, humidity and air pressure; Level II: 20% ≤ SOC < 40% or 60% ≤ SOH < 80%, only active temperature regulation is implemented, humidity regulation is switched to passive moisture absorption mode relying solely on the desiccant module, and air pressure regulation is switched to passive balancing mode relying solely on the flexible air storage component; Level III: When SOC < 20% or SOH < 60%, all active regulation is stopped, only sensor monitoring is maintained, and an alarm signal is sent through the communication module.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The predetermined time interval mentioned in step S1 is dynamically adjusted according to the battery status level: 30 seconds for level I, 120 seconds for level II, and 300 seconds for level III; the total power consumption of the system in the sleep state is ≤10µW; the optimal working air pressure value P_opt is 1.0MPa to 1.5MPa, and is adaptively adjusted for different battery types: 1.0MPa for lithium iron phosphate batteries, 1.25MPa for ternary lithium batteries, and 1.5MPa for solid-state batteries.

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