Ultra-wideband miniaturized high-polarization-isolation tri-polarization vector antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of ultra-wideband miniaturization high polarization isolation tri-polarization vector antenna, belong to antenna engineering technology and wireless communication field.The antenna includes from top to bottom horizontally dual-polarized radiator, parasitic metal structure I, parasitic metal structure II, vertical polarized radiator, metal floor;Horizontal dual-polarized radiator is composed of dual-polarized Vivaldi structure and its upside dual-polarized dipole structure;Vertical polarized radiator is composed of four end-fire Vivaldi radiating units.The antenna is introduced into gradual groove radiation mode and electric dipole radiation mode in horizontal dual-polarized radiator by multi-mode collaborative radiation method, and is introduced into gradual groove radiation mode and magnetic dipole radiation mode in vertical polarized radiator, realizes three polarization ports ultra-wideband operation in 1GHz-6GHz frequency band, and has high polarization isolation and stable radiation pattern, suitable for wideband communication, vector sensing, electronic reconnaissance and multi-polarization wireless system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna engineering technology and wireless communication, specifically an ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tripolar vector antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern wireless communication, electronic reconnaissance, sensing and detection, and multifunctional integrated wireless terminals, antenna systems are evolving towards miniaturization, wide bandwidth, multi-polarization, and high stability. Compared to traditional single-polarized or dual-polarized antennas, tri-polarized vector antennas can simultaneously provide three mutually orthogonal polarization channels, effectively improving spatial coverage, channel capacity, and resistance to multipath fading. They have significant application value in broadband communication, vector sensing, direction measurement, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.

[0003] However, existing tripolar vector antennas still have significant shortcomings in achieving ultra-wideband performance. On the one hand, traditional resonant structures such as patch antennas, slot antennas, dielectric resonator antennas, and loop antennas, while having the advantage of small size, have their operating bandwidth limited by their inherent resonance mechanism, typically making it difficult to meet the ultra-wideband requirements of several octaves. On the other hand, ultra-wideband radiating structures such as Vivaldi antennas, biconical antennas, and tapered slot antennas, while achieving wide impedance bandwidths, are usually large in size, easily generating large electrical dimensions at high frequencies. This can cause problems such as pattern distortion, main lobe splitting, and gain fluctuations, making it difficult to maintain stable radiation performance across the entire broadband band.

[0004] A 2020 paper published in IEEE, “SX Ta, DM Nguyen, KK Nguyen, C. Dao-Ngoc, and N. NguyenTrong, 'A tripolarized antenna with ultrawide operational bandwidth,' IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 6, pp.4386–4396, Jun. 2020.,” proposed a tripolarized vector antenna with an ultrawide operating bandwidth. This antenna uses a monopole array to form the vertical polarization element and a dipole antenna to form the horizontal dual polarization antenna, achieving a bandwidth coverage of 1.68–4.15 GHz. However, its antenna configuration is mainly composed of resonant elements, thus severely limiting the bandwidth and making it difficult to further expand the bandwidth.

[0005] Among the existing solutions, some tripolar vector antennas can achieve a small size, but have a narrow operating bandwidth; some solutions can achieve a wide bandwidth, but the antenna size is large, and the high-frequency pattern is prone to significant splitting; some solutions can achieve broadband tripolar radiation, but the coupling between ports is strong, or the gain fluctuation of the vertical polarization pattern on the horizontal plane is large, making it difficult to meet the comprehensive requirements of modern broadband sensing and communication systems for miniaturization, ultra-wideband, high isolation, and stable patterns.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new ultra-wideband, miniaturized, high polarization isolation tripolar vector antenna structure that can simultaneously achieve ultra-wideband, miniaturization, and stable radiation characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention addresses the challenge of existing tri-polarized vector antennas simultaneously achieving ultra-wideband, miniaturization, and stable radiation patterns. It proposes an ultra-wideband, miniaturized tri-polarized vector antenna with high polarization isolation. This antenna employs a multi-mode cooperative radiation method, simultaneously introducing a tapered slot radiation mode and an electric dipole radiation mode in the horizontally dual-polarized radiator, and simultaneously introducing a tapered slot radiation mode and a magnetic dipole radiation mode in the vertically polarized radiator, thus extending the antenna bandwidth. The final antenna dimensions are (π × 60). 2 × 96) mm 3 It achieves a reflection coefficient of less than -10dB and a polarization isolation of less than -20dB for the three polarization ports within the 1-6GHz range.

[0008] To achieve this objective, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] An ultrawideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tripolar vector antenna includes, from top to bottom, a horizontal dual-polarized radiator, a parasitic metal structure I, a parasitic metal structure II, a vertically polarized radiator, and a metal ground plane;

[0010] The horizontally dual-polarized radiator includes a dual-polarized Vivaldi structure and a dual-polarized dipole structure loaded above it; the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure is used to form a traveling wave radiation mode in the mid-to-high frequency band, and the dipole structure is used to form an electric dipole radiation mode in the low frequency band. The two work together to extend the bandwidth of the horizontally polarized port.

[0011] The vertically polarized radiator includes four miniaturized end-firing Vivaldi radiating units that are symmetrically placed at 90° along the circumference and rotated at 45° with the horizontally dual-polarized radiator. The four miniaturized end-firing Vivaldi radiating units together form vertically polarized horizontal omnidirectional radiation.

[0012] The parasitic metal structure I comprises four fan-shaped metal structures placed 90° rotationally symmetrically. The outer sides of the fan-shaped metal structures are folded upwards to extend the low-frequency current path. A through linear slot I is provided on the centerline of the fan-shaped metal structures, which is mechanically fixed by matching and engaging with the bottom of the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure. The parasitic metal structure II comprises planar fan-shaped metal structures placed 90° rotationally symmetrically to suppress resonance. A through linear slot II is provided on the centerline of the planar fan-shaped metal structures, which is mechanically fixed by matching and engaging with the top of the corresponding end-emitting Vivaldi radiating unit. The metal floor comprises a circular metal floor and an annular metal floor arranged concentrically on the same horizontal plane. A circular through hole is provided at the center of the circular metal floor to allow the vertical polarization feed connector to pass through and connect to the vertical polarization radiator. The annular metal floor has two circular through holes to allow the horizontal polarization feed connector to pass through and connect to the feed structure of the horizontal dual-polarized radiator. The annular groove between the circular metal floor and the annular metal floor forms an equivalent capacitance.

[0013] Preferably, the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure includes two orthogonally placed horizontally polarized Vivaldi units; each horizontally polarized Vivaldi unit is composed of a first vertical dielectric substrate and microstrip feed lines printed on its two surfaces, and a horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch; the lower region of the first vertical dielectric substrate is hollowed out to accommodate a vertically polarized radiator and parasitic metal II; the top end of the microstrip feed line is connected to the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch, and the bottom end is connected to the horizontally polarized feed port; the upper side of the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch is provided with an exponentially shaped radiating groove, the bottom end of the exponentially shaped radiating groove structure is provided with a circular resonant cavity, and the lower side of the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch extends outward to the boundary of the dielectric substrate to connect with the microstrip feed line.

[0014] Preferably, the two outer sides of the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiation patch are symmetrically provided with inwardly recessed groove structures.

[0015] Preferably, the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiation patch has two rows of metal through holes symmetrically arranged on both sides of the exponential radiation groove.

[0016] Preferably, the dual-polarized dipole structure comprises a square horizontal dielectric substrate and two pairs of dipole arms and four arc-shaped metal patches printed on its upper surface; a cross-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the horizontal dielectric substrate, which matches and engages with the top of the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure to achieve mechanical fixation and electrical connection; the dipole arms are bow-tie shaped dipole arms, and the four dipole arms are arranged symmetrically with a 90-degree rotation; the arc-shaped metal patches are used to connect the two sides of the ends of adjacent dipole arms, ultimately forming a 90-degree rotationally symmetrical annular metal structure to achieve bandwidth expansion.

[0017] Preferably, the end of the dipole arm is provided with an inwardly recessed isosceles triangular groove to optimize radiation performance.

[0018] Preferably, the miniaturized end-emitting Vivaldi unit consists of a second vertical rectangular dielectric substrate and inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches and vertically polarized Vivaldi radiating patches printed on its two surfaces; the four inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches are interconnected, and one of the inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches is connected to the vertically polarized feed port through a downwardly extending metal feed line; the vertically polarized Vivaldi radiating patch has exponential curves on both sides from bottom to top, with its lower end connected to the feed patch and its upper end extending to the boundary of the dielectric substrate.

[0019] Preferably, the linear slot I has a clearance hole in the area of ​​the horizontally polarized microstrip feed line after engagement, to prevent the two from contacting and causing a short circuit in the feed line.

[0020] Working principle of the invention:

[0021] The Vivaldi exponential radiating slot in the horizontally bipolarized radiator serves as the primary radiating structure in the mid-to-high frequency band, while the loaded bipolarized dipole structure serves as the primary radiating structure in the low frequency band. In the low frequency band, the current is mainly distributed on the bipolarized dipole structure, forming an electric dipole radiation mode. Furthermore, the arc-shaped metal patch connects the ends of adjacent dipole arms, extending the current path and achieving a wider operating bandwidth. In the mid-to-high frequency band, the current is mainly distributed on the Vivaldi tapered slot structure, forming a tapered slot traveling wave radiation mode. Through the synergistic effect of these two radiation modes, a low-frequency bandwidth extension is achieved without increasing the size of the horizontally bipolarized radiator. In addition, isosceles triangular slots are cut at the ends of the dipole arms, reducing the current intensity at the dipole edges, improving the radiation mode across the entire frequency band, and suppressing beam dips caused by strong edge currents.

[0022] For vertical polarization, the parasitic metal structure I, the horizontal polarization feed line, and the metal ground plane together form an equivalent current loop, which excites an equivalent magnetic dipole mode in the low-frequency band. This magnetic dipole mode works in conjunction with four miniaturized end-emitting Vivaldi radiating elements, extending the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the vertical polarization port from a higher frequency to around 1 GHz, thereby achieving ultra-wideband vertical polarization operation from 1 GHz to 6 GHz.

[0023] To suppress resonance caused by coupling between the horizontally dual-polarized radiator and the vertically polarized radiator, this invention designs a parasitic metal structure II and utilizes the annular groove between the circular metal ground plane and the circular metal ground plane to form an equivalent capacitance, ultimately suppressing resonance and achieving a working bandwidth of 1-6 GHz for the three ports, as well as high polarization isolation between the ports.

[0024] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. This invention proposes an ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tripolar vector antenna, which can simultaneously achieve ultra-wideband operation of one vertical polarization port and two horizontal polarization ports within a compact volume, and is suitable for broadband communication, vector sensing, electronic reconnaissance and multipolar wireless systems.

[0026] 2. This invention employs a Vivaldi tapered slot mode and an electric dipole mode working in tandem within a horizontally dual-polarized radiator, effectively reducing the low-frequency cutoff frequency without increasing the antenna size, thereby achieving broadband coverage of the horizontally dual-polarized port.

[0027] 3. The present invention employs four miniaturized end-firing Vivaldi radiating units in the vertically polarized radiator, and excites low-frequency magnetic dipole modes through parasitic metal structure I, horizontal polarization feed line and metal ground plane, so that the vertically polarized port can achieve ultra-wideband horizontal omnidirectional radiation under miniaturized conditions.

[0028] 4. This invention employs a collaborative integration and capacitive loading design, reusing the feeding structure of the horizontal dual-polarized radiator as the loading structure of the vertical polarized radiator. By combining it with the capacitive parasitic metal structure II, the physical obstruction and near-field coupling effects during the integration of the tri-polarized vector antenna are reduced, and the impedance matching and polarization isolation of the three ports are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the ultra-wideband tri-polarized vector antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a side view of the ultra-wideband tri-polarized vector antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top view of a horizontally polarized dipole provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a horizontally dual-polarized radiator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vertically polarized radiator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the parasitic metal structure I provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the parasitic metal structure II provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal floor provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a reflection coefficient diagram of the ultra-wideband tri-polarized vector antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 10 This is an isolation diagram between the three polarization ports of the ultra-wideband tri-polarized vector antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 11 These are the radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband tri-polarized vector antenna at 1 GHz and 6 GHz provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Horizontally polarized radiator; 11. Bipolarized dipole structure; 111. Bowtie-shaped dipole arm; 112. Arc-shaped metal patch; 113. Square dielectric substrate; 114. Isosceles triangular slot; 115. Cross-shaped slot; 12. Horizontally polarized Vivaldi structure; 121. Horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch; 122. Rectangular microstrip feed line; 123. First vertical dielectric substrate; 124. Exponential radiating slot; 125. Circular resonant cavity; 126. Inner groove structure; 2. Vertically polarized radiator; 21. Miniaturized end-emitting Vivaldi radiating unit; 211. Second vertical rectangular dielectric substrate; 212. Inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patch; 213. Vertically polarized Vivaldi radiating patch; 214. 3. Parasitic metal structure I, 31. Linear slot I; 4. Parasitic metal structure II, 41. Linear slot II; 5. Metal floor, 51. Circular metal floor, 52. Annular metal floor. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0042] This embodiment provides an ultra-wideband miniaturized, high-polarization-isolation tri-polarized vector antenna operating in the 1-6 GHz frequency band, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes, from top to bottom, a horizontally dual-polarized radiator, parasitic metal structure I, parasitic metal structure II, a vertically polarized radiator, and a metal floor.

[0043] The horizontally dual-polarized radiator includes a dual-polarized Vivaldi structure and a dual-polarized dipole structure loaded above it; the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure is used to form a traveling wave radiation mode in the mid-to-high frequency band, and the dipole structure is used to form an electric dipole radiation mode in the low frequency band; through the synergistic effect of the above two radiation modes, the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the horizontally polarized port can be reduced from a higher frequency to around 1 GHz, thereby realizing ultra-wideband horizontal dual-polarization operation from 1 GHz to 6 GHz.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the dual-polarized dipole structure consists of a square horizontal dielectric substrate with a side length of 75 mm, two pairs of dipole arms printed on its upper surface, and four arc-shaped metal patches. A cross-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the horizontal dielectric substrate, which matches and engages with the top of the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure to achieve mechanical fixation and electrical connection. The dipole arms are isosceles trapezoidal bow-tie shaped dipole arms, with a height of 13.5 mm, an upper base width of 8 mm, and a lower base width of 37 mm. The four dipole arms are arranged symmetrically with a 90-degree rotation. Each dipole arm has an inwardly recessed isosceles triangular groove with a base side length of 45 mm and a height of 7.5 mm to optimize radiation performance. The arc-shaped metal patches are used to connect the two sides of the ends of adjacent dipole arms, with inner and outer radii of 4 mm and 12 mm respectively, ultimately forming a 90-degree rotationally symmetrical ring-shaped metal structure to achieve bandwidth expansion.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure includes two orthogonally placed horizontally polarized Vivaldi units; each horizontally polarized Vivaldi unit is composed of a first vertical dielectric substrate and rectangular microstrip feed lines printed on its two surfaces, and horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patches. The first vertical dielectric substrate is 95mm long and 98mm wide, with a 78mm long and 35mm wide hollowed-out section in the lower region to accommodate the vertically polarized radiator and parasitic metal II. The upper side of the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch has an exponentially shaped radiating groove, with a circular resonant cavity at the bottom. The tops of the metal patches on both sides of the exponentially shaped radiating groove extend to the boundary of the dielectric substrate and connect with the dipole arms. The horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch also has two rows of symmetrically arranged metal through-holes to ensure electrical connection between the metal layers on both sides. Inwardly recessed groove structures are symmetrically opened on both outer sides to expand the bandwidth. The lower side of the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch extends outward to the boundary of the dielectric substrate to connect with the rectangular microstrip feed line. The top of the rectangular microstrip feed line connects to the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch, and the bottom connects to the horizontally polarized feed port (one rectangular microstrip feed line connects to the metal ground plane, and the other connects to the inner conductor of the feed connector).

[0046] like Figure 5As shown, the vertically polarized radiator includes four miniaturized end-emitting Vivaldi radiating units arranged 90° rotationally symmetrically along the circumference, and rotated 45° with the horizontally dual-polarized radiator. The four miniaturized end-emitting Vivaldi radiating units together form a mid-to-high frequency band vertically polarized horizontal omnidirectional radiation. Each miniaturized end-emitting Vivaldi unit consists of a second vertically rectangular dielectric substrate and inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches and vertically polarized Vivaldi radiating patches printed on its two surfaces. The second vertically rectangular dielectric substrate is 23mm high and 62mm wide. The inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches are 3mm high, with an upper base length of 5mm and a lower base length of 2.5mm. The four inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches are interconnected, with one of them connected to the vertically polarized feed port via a downwardly extending metal feed line. The vertically polarized Vivaldi radiating patch has exponential curves on both sides from bottom to top, with its lower end connected to the feed patch and its upper end extending to the boundary of the dielectric substrate and connected to the parasitic metal structure II.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, the parasitic metal structure I comprises four fan-shaped metal structures arranged 90° rotationally symmetrically. Each fan-shaped metal structure has a central angle of 36°, an inner radius of 28 mm, an outer radius of 60 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm. The outer sides of the fan-shaped metal structures are folded upwards, with a height of 11 mm. A through linear groove I is provided along the centerline of each fan-shaped metal structure. The linear groove I is mechanically fixed by engaging with the bottom of the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure. The linear groove I has clearance holes in the area of ​​the horizontally polarized microstrip feed line after engagement to prevent contact and short circuits in the feed line.

[0048] Parasitic metal structure I employs an arc-shaped and folded metal structure, which can extend the low-frequency current path without increasing the antenna's radial dimension, thereby facilitating the expansion of the low-frequency bandwidth while maintaining the antenna's miniaturization characteristics. Simultaneously, parasitic metal structure I, in conjunction with the vertically polarized radiator, rectangular microstrip feed line, and metal ground plane, forms an equivalent magnetic dipole radiation mode in the low-frequency band. Through the synergistic operation of this magnetic dipole mode and the miniaturized Vivaldi radiation mode, the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the vertically polarized port can be reduced to around 1 GHz, achieving ultra-wideband vertical polarization operation from 1 GHz to 6 GHz.

[0049] like Figure 7 As shown, the parasitic metal structure II includes a planar fan-shaped metal structure placed with 90° rotational symmetry; a through linear groove II is provided on the center line of the planar fan-shaped metal structure, and the linear groove II is matched and engaged with the top of the corresponding end-emitting Vivaldi radiation unit to achieve mechanical fixation; the parasitic metal structure II has a central angle of 41°, an inner radius of 20mm, a radius of 35mm, and a thickness of 1mm.

[0050] Parasitic metal structure II is positioned between parasitic metal structure I and the metal ground plane, and works in conjunction with the annular groove on the metal ground plane to adjust the equivalent capacitance inside the antenna, thereby shifting the parasitic resonant frequency out of the operating frequency band and suppressing the adverse effects of abnormal resonance on the radiation performance and impedance matching performance of the vertical polarization port.

[0051] like Figure 8 As shown, the metal floor includes a circular metal floor and an annular metal floor arranged concentrically on the same horizontal plane. The circular metal floor has a circular through-hole at its center, allowing a vertically polarized feed connector to pass through and connect to the vertically polarized radiator. The annular metal floor has two circular through-holes, allowing a horizontally polarized feed connector to pass through and connect to the feeding structure of a horizontally dual-polarized radiator. An annular groove between the circular and annular metal floors forms an equivalent capacitance. The radius of the circular metal floor structure is 31 mm, and the inner radius and outer radius of the annular metal floor structure are 35 mm and 51 mm, respectively.

[0052] Figure 9 Simulation results of the antenna's reflection coefficient in this embodiment are presented. As can be seen from the figure, the antenna's reflection coefficient is less than -10dB within the 1-6GHz range, exhibiting an impedance bandwidth of 6th harmonics.

[0053] Figure 10 Simulation results of the polarization isolation of the antenna in this embodiment are presented. As can be seen from the figure, the polarization isolation of the three ports of the antenna is less than -20dB within the range of 1-6GHz, indicating good polarization isolation performance.

[0054] Figure 11 The radiation patterns of the antenna in this embodiment at 1 GHz and 6 GHz are shown. These include the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the three polarization ports. The figures show that the horizontally polarized radiator avoids a decrease in main lobe gain at high frequencies, while the vertically polarized radiator maintains stable omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal plane. Within the frequency range of 1-6 GHz, the non-circularity of the antenna's horizontal radiation pattern is less than 3 dB, and the cross-polarization ratio is greater than 10 dB.

Claims

1. A miniaturized, ultra-wideband, high-polarization-isolation tri-polarized vector antenna, characterized in that, It includes, from top to bottom, a horizontally dual-polarized radiator, parasitic metal structure I, parasitic metal structure II, a vertically polarized radiator, and a metal floor; The horizontally dual-polarized radiator includes a dual-polarized Vivaldi structure and a dual-polarized dipole structure loaded above it; the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure is used to form a traveling wave radiation mode in the mid-to-high frequency band, and the dipole structure is used to form an electric dipole radiation mode in the low frequency band. The two work together to extend the bandwidth of the horizontally polarized port. The vertically polarized radiator includes four miniaturized end-firing Vivaldi radiating units that are symmetrically placed at 90° along the circumference and rotated at 45° with the horizontally dual-polarized radiator. The four miniaturized end-firing Vivaldi radiating units together form vertically polarized horizontal omnidirectional radiation. The parasitic metal structure I consists of four fan-shaped metal structures placed 90° rotationally symmetrically. The outer sides of the fan-shaped metal structures are folded upward to extend the low-frequency current path. A through linear groove I is provided on the center line of the fan-shaped metal structures. The linear groove I is matched and engaged with the bottom of the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure to achieve mechanical fixation. The parasitic metal structure II includes a planar fan-shaped metal structure placed with 90° rotational symmetry to suppress resonance; a through linear slot II is provided on the centerline of the planar fan-shaped metal structure, and the linear slot II is matched and engaged with the top of the corresponding end-emitting Vivaldi radiation unit to achieve mechanical fixation; The metal floor includes a circular metal floor and an annular metal floor arranged concentrically on the same horizontal plane; the circular metal floor has a circular through hole at its center, through which a vertically polarized feed connector passes and connects to a vertically polarized radiator; the annular metal floor has two circular through holes, through which a horizontally polarized feed connector passes and connects to a feed structure of a horizontally dual-polarized radiator; the annular groove between the circular and annular metal floors is used to form an equivalent capacitance.

2. The ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tri-polarized vector antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-polarized Vivaldi structure includes two orthogonally placed horizontally polarized Vivaldi units. Each horizontally polarized Vivaldi unit consists of a first vertical dielectric substrate and microstrip feed lines printed on its two surfaces, as well as horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patches. The lower region of the first vertical dielectric substrate is hollowed out to accommodate a vertically polarized radiator and parasitic metal II. The top of the microstrip feed line is connected to the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch, and the bottom is connected to the horizontally polarized feed port. An exponentially shaped radiating groove is provided on the upper side of the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch, and a circular resonant cavity is provided at the bottom of the exponentially shaped radiating groove. The lower side of the horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiating patch extends outward to the boundary of the dielectric substrate to connect with the microstrip feed line.

3. The ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tri-polarized vector antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiation patch has symmetrically recessed grooves on its two outer sides.

4. The ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tri-polarized vector antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The horizontally polarized Vivaldi radiation patch has two rows of metal through holes symmetrically arranged on both sides of the exponential radiation groove.

5. A miniaturized, high-polarization-isolation tri-polarized vector antenna as described in any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The dual-polarized dipole structure consists of a square horizontal dielectric substrate and two pairs of dipole arms and four arc-shaped metal patches printed on its upper surface. A cross-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the horizontal dielectric substrate, which matches and engages with the top of the dual-polarized Vivaldi structure to achieve mechanical fixation and electrical connection. The dipole arms are bow-tie shaped dipole arms, and the four dipole arms are arranged symmetrically with a 90-degree rotation. The arc-shaped metal patches are used to connect the two sides of the ends of adjacent dipole arms, ultimately forming a 90-degree rotationally symmetrical ring-shaped metal structure to achieve bandwidth expansion.

6. The ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tri-polarized vector antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The dipole arm has an inwardly recessed isosceles triangular groove at its end to optimize radiation performance.

7. The ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tri-polarized vector antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The miniaturized end-emitting Vivaldi unit consists of a second vertical rectangular dielectric substrate and inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches and vertically polarized Vivaldi radiating patches printed on its two surfaces. The four inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches are interconnected, and one of the inverted right-angled trapezoidal feed patches is connected to the vertically polarized feed port through a downwardly extending metal feed line. The vertically polarized Vivaldi radiating patch has exponential curves on both sides from bottom to top, with its lower end connected to the feed patch and its upper end extending to the boundary of the dielectric substrate.

8. The ultra-wideband miniaturized high polarization isolation tri-polarized vector antenna as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The linear slot I has a clearance hole in the area of ​​the horizontally polarized microstrip feed line after engagement, to prevent the two from contacting each other and causing a short circuit in the feed line.

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