Aerial structure

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a sky antenna structure. The sky antenna structure comprises a sky antenna base plate and a sky antenna assembly; the sky antenna assembly comprises a plurality of sky antennas and a plurality of reflectors, the plurality of sky antennas are arranged around the sky antenna base plate, the sky antennas are electrically connected to the feeding end of the sky antenna base plate to cover the sky S frequency band; the reflectors are arranged on the sky antenna base plate, the reflectors are electrically connected to the grounding end of the sky antenna base plate, each reflector is located outside the junction of two adjacent sky antennas, and the reflectors are coupled and excited with the sky antennas to expand the antenna bandwidth. The multi-unit array can effectively improve the overall gain of the antenna and compensate for the short board of insufficient gain of the small-sized terminal antenna. The reflectors are located outside the junction of two adjacent antennas, new resonance modes are excited through the near-field coupling effect, and when the size and position of the reflectors are accurately tuned, the resonance points generated by the reflectors are adjacent to the resonance points of the antennas, and the working bandwidth of the antennas is effectively expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a sky-connecting antenna structure. Background Technology

[0002] The Tiantong antenna is a key component connecting user terminals to the Tiantong-1 satellite (geosynchronous orbit, approximately 36,000 kilometers above the Earth), supporting the S-band (1980-2200MHz) and providing all-weather communication services. Its core functions include: Signal transmission and reception: Establish satellite links in areas without terrestrial networks (such as remote mountainous areas and oceans) to ensure emergency communications; Multi-system compatibility: Some models integrate BeiDou / GPS positioning and support collaborative processing of 5G, V2X and other signals.

[0003] However, traditional Tiantong antennas are affected by the distance between the terminal and the satellite, requiring a large radiating surface, which results in an excessively large size. If a microstrip antenna is used to achieve miniaturization, the impedance matching effect and antenna gain in the S-band are not good, resulting in increased signal reflection loss, which cannot meet the requirements of Tiantong communication. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a Tiantong antenna structure that is both miniaturized and meets the requirements of Tiantong communication.

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is achieved through the following technical solution: A Tiantong antenna structure includes: a Tiantong base plate and a Tiantong antenna assembly; the Tiantong antenna assembly includes multiple Tiantong antennas and multiple reflectors, the multiple Tiantong antennas are arranged around the Tiantong base plate, the Tiantong antennas are electrically connected to the feed terminal of the Tiantong base plate to cover the Tiantong S-band; the reflectors are disposed on the Tiantong base plate, the reflectors are electrically connected to the ground terminal of the Tiantong base plate, each reflector is located outside the junction of two adjacent Tiantong antennas, and the reflectors are coupled and excited with the Tiantong antennas to expand the antenna bandwidth.

[0006] In one embodiment, the antenna includes a first stub, a second stub, and a third stub connected in sequence. The first stub is electrically connected to the feed terminal of the antenna base plate, and the third stub is disposed away from the first stub.

[0007] In one embodiment, the third branch is arranged parallel to the first branch, and the second branch is arranged perpendicular to the first branch.

[0008] In one embodiment, the antenna further includes a fourth stub connected to the end of the third stub furthest from the second stub.

[0009] In one embodiment, the length of the fourth branch is less than the length of the third branch.

[0010] In one embodiment, the Tiantong antenna assembly further includes a plurality of antenna dielectric plates disposed on the Tiantong base plate, and each antenna dielectric plate has a Tiantong antenna disposed on both sides.

[0011] In one embodiment, two antennas on each of the antenna dielectric substrates are symmetrically arranged, and the corresponding two second branches extend in opposite directions.

[0012] In one embodiment, the antenna further includes a fifth branch, which is disposed on the antenna dielectric substrate and is connected to the second branch and located away from the third branch.

[0013] In one embodiment, the fifth branch extends from the top of the antenna dielectric substrate to the other side.

[0014] In one embodiment, the reflector and the two adjacent antenna dielectric plates are all tilted relative to each other at the same tilt angle.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages: 1. By arranging multiple antenna elements around the base plate, a 360° radiating layout is naturally formed. This design solves the problem of traditional single antennas requiring frequent attitude adjustments to align with satellites in satellite communication, achieving wide beamwidth and even omnidirectional coverage in the upper hemisphere, ensuring stable connection to Tiantong satellites for terminals in various orientations. Simultaneously, the multi-element array effectively improves the overall antenna gain, compensating for the insufficient gain of miniaturized terminal antennas, enhancing signal acquisition capabilities and communication link margin while ensuring wide coverage.

[0016] 2. The reflector is not merely a traditional reflector, but is designed as a parasitic coupling unit. Located outside the boundary between two adjacent antennas, it excites new resonant modes through near-field coupling. When the size and position of the reflector are precisely tuned, its resonant point will be close to the resonant point of the antenna itself, thereby merging multiple resonant modes and effectively widening the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0017] 3. The reflector is precisely placed at the junction of adjacent antennas, acting as an electromagnetic isolation barrier. The reflector effectively guides the propagation paths of surface waves and spatial coupled fields, reducing energy crosstalk between adjacent antenna elements. This not only improves the independent radiation efficiency of each antenna element but also ensures the stability of the radiation pattern when multiple antennas work together, which is crucial for improving satellite communication quality.

[0018] 4. This structure highly integrates the radiating element, reflector, feed network, and grounding system onto a single base plate, forming a compact modular architecture. While the reflector serves the dual functions of expanding bandwidth and enhancing isolation, its structure itself also becomes part of the overall antenna support and reinforcement, eliminating the need for additional complex decoupling networks or matching circuits. This integrated design effectively reduces the number of components and minimizes antenna clearance, making it ideal for applications with stringent space constraints, such as handheld terminals and portable devices. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Tiantong antenna structure in one embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a Tiantong antenna in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the Tiantong antenna in another embodiment; Figure 4 The S-parameter diagram of the Tiantong antenna structure; Figure 5 The axial ratio diagram of the Tiantong antenna structure; Figure 6 The left-hand gain of the Tiantong antenna structure at various angles; Figure 7 The 3D radiation pattern of the Tiantong antenna structure at 1.98 GHz; Figure 8 The 3D radiation pattern of the Tiantong antenna structure at 2.01 GHz; Figure 9 The 3D radiation pattern of the Tiantong antenna structure at 2.17 GHz; Figure 10 The 3D radiation pattern of the Tiantong antenna structure at 2.19 GHz; Figure 11 This is the 3D radiation pattern of the Tiantong antenna structure at 2.2 GHz. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To facilitate understanding of this disclosure, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. However, this disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure.

[0022] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a Tiantong antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] An embodiment of the antenna structure 10 includes an antenna base plate 100 and an antenna assembly 200. The antenna assembly 200 includes a plurality of antennas 210 and a plurality of reflectors 220. The plurality of antennas 210 are arranged around the antenna base plate 100. The antennas 210 are electrically connected to the feed terminal of the antenna base plate 100 to cover the S-band. The reflectors 220 are disposed on the antenna base plate 100 and are electrically connected to the ground terminal of the antenna base plate 100. Each reflector 220 is located outside the junction of two adjacent antennas 210. The reflectors 220 are coupled and excited with the antennas 210 to extend the antenna bandwidth.

[0026] In this embodiment, multiple antenna elements are arranged around the base plate, naturally forming a radiating layout facing 360° space. This design solves the problem of traditional single antennas requiring frequent attitude adjustments to align with satellites in satellite communication, achieving wide beam and even omnidirectional coverage in the upper hemisphere, ensuring stable connection to Tiantong satellites for the terminal in various attitudes. Simultaneously, the multi-element array effectively improves the overall antenna gain, compensating for the insufficient gain of miniaturized terminal antennas, enhancing signal acquisition capabilities and communication link margin while ensuring wide coverage.

[0027] The reflector 220 is not merely a traditional reflector, but is designed as a parasitic coupling element. Located outside the junction of two adjacent antennas, it excites new resonant modes through near-field coupling. When the size and position of the reflector 220 are precisely tuned, its resonant point will be close to the resonant point of the antenna itself, thereby merging multiple resonant modes and effectively widening the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0028] The reflector 220 is precisely placed at the junction of adjacent antennas, acting as an electromagnetic isolation fence, or a choke. The reflector 220 effectively guides the propagation paths of surface waves and spatial coupled fields, reducing energy crosstalk between adjacent antenna elements. This not only improves the independent radiation efficiency of each antenna element but also ensures the stability of the radiation pattern when multiple antennas work together, which is crucial for improving satellite communication quality.

[0029] This structure highly integrates the radiating element, reflector 220, feed network, and grounding system onto a single base plate, forming a compact modular architecture. The reflector 220, while serving the dual functions of expanding bandwidth and enhancing isolation, also becomes part of the overall antenna support and reinforcement, eliminating the need for additional complex decoupling networks or matching circuits. This integrated design effectively reduces the number of components and minimizes antenna clearance, making it ideal for applications with stringent space constraints, such as handheld terminals and portable devices.

[0030] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The antenna 210 includes a first branch 212, a second branch 214 and a third branch 216 connected in sequence. The first branch 212 is electrically connected to the feed terminal of the antenna base plate 100, and the third branch 216 is disposed away from the first branch 212.

[0031] In this embodiment, the structure of three sequentially connected branches essentially constructs a multi-stage resonant path. The first branch 212 is directly connected to the feed end, undertaking the basic functions of main radiation and impedance matching; the second branch 214 and the third branch 216 extend outwards sequentially, forming an inverted L antenna structure with the first branch 212, each corresponding to a different current path length, thereby exciting multiple adjacent resonant modes. When the electrical lengths of the three branches are precisely adjusted, the resonant points generated by each can form complementary superposition within the S-band of the antenna, achieving bandwidth broadening from the structural level of the antenna radiator itself. This, together with the coupling excitation of the external reflector 220, forms a dual bandwidth expansion mechanism of "internal and external synergy," enabling the antenna to obtain a wider and flatter operating frequency band within a compact volume.

[0032] The third stub 216 is positioned away from the feed end, specifically at the end of the antenna radiator. This arrangement allows high-frequency current to flow fully through the entire antenna path, forming a more complete current loop. As the terminator of the current path, the strong electric field distribution at the open end of the terminal stub helps enhance the antenna's edge radiation capability and increase the effective radiation area. Simultaneously, the stub's impedance effect on the feed port is relatively independent due to its distance from the feed end. The high-frequency resonant point can be fine-tuned by individually adjusting the dimensions of the third stub 216 without excessively disturbing the already matched low-frequency impedance of the first stub 212, thus reducing the complexity of multi-band antenna tuning.

[0033] The first stub 212, located near the feed end, primarily affects the antenna's input impedance characteristics. The second stub 214, serving as an intermediate transition section, functions for impedance transformation and phase adjustment. The third stub 216, located at the end, has an open-circuit characteristic equivalent to capacitive loading. By independently adjusting the length, width, and spacing of each stub, the distribution of equivalent capacitance and inductance in each segment can be flexibly controlled, thereby precisely controlling the position of each resonant point. This segmented, adjustable reactance loading capability allows antenna designers to finely arrange multiple resonant modes, much like "tuning a tone," precisely locking the operating bandwidth within the required range of the Tiantong S-band.

[0034] In the surrounding array configuration, reflector 220 is located outside the junction of adjacent antennas, forming near-field coupling with the antenna stubs. The series structure of the three stubs provides multiple coupling excitation points for reflector 220—reflector 220 can generate electromagnetic coupling of different strengths with the first stub 212, the second stub 214, or the third stub 216, respectively. This multi-point coupling mechanism enriches the parasitic resonant modes excited by reflector 220, enabling auxiliary resonances to be generated on both sides of the main resonant point of the antenna, filling in the in-band gain dip, and thus improving the gain flatness throughout the entire operating frequency band. For scenarios like Tiantong satellite communication, which have extremely high requirements for link stability, flat in-band gain translates to more consistent signal quality and more reliable communication connections.

[0035] The sequentially connected three stubs naturally create a meandering current path, achieving a longer electrical length within a limited planar space. This "space-for-electrical-length" design allows the antenna to cover the low-frequency range required for the S-band while maintaining a low profile and compact footprint. Compared to traditional wide-panel or monopole antennas, the tandem stub configuration significantly reduces the physical size of the antenna at the same frequency, making it easier to integrate into space-constrained platforms such as handheld terminals and portable devices. Furthermore, the single-point connection between the three stubs and the base plate feed simplifies the feed network design and reduces the feed complexity when using multi-antenna arrays.

[0036] Further, please refer to Figure 2 The third branch 216 is arranged parallel to the first branch 212, and the second branch 214 is arranged perpendicular to the first branch 212.

[0037] In this embodiment, the first stub 212 and the third stub 216 are arranged in parallel, and the second stub 214 serves as a vertical connecting segment. Together, they form an approximately "U"-shaped current path. This arrangement allows the current to enter the first stub 212 from the feed end, make a 90° turn via the second stub 214, and then fold back along the third stub 216. In terms of physical dimensions, the total length of the antenna is compressed to the longitudinal span of the first stub 212 and the third stub 216 plus the lateral span of the second stub 214, while the electrical length is the sum of the three stub segments. This "spatial folding" design concept allows the antenna to maintain a small projected area while obtaining sufficient electrical length to cover the low-frequency end of the Tiantong S-band, which is a key means of achieving antenna miniaturization.

[0038] The first stub 212 and the third stub 216 are arranged parallel to each other and adjacent to each other, naturally forming a parallel double-line structure between them. When high-frequency current flows through these two stubs respectively, a distributed capacitance effect is generated between the parallel segments. The magnitude of this capacitive coupling depends on the spacing between the two stubs, the length of the parallel segments, and the width of the stubs. By adjusting these parameters, the capacitive component of the antenna input impedance can be finely tuned without changing the total length of the stubs, thereby affecting the position of the resonant frequency. This provides antenna designers with an additional tuning dimension—in addition to adjusting the length of each stub, the in-band matching characteristics can be finely controlled by controlling the spacing between the parallel stubs, reducing the difficulty of tuning.

[0039] The second stub 214 is positioned perpendicular to the first stub 212, forcing a 90° turn in the current direction. This turn not only alters the physical direction of the current but also changes the vector direction distribution of the antenna radiation field. In a surrounding array configuration, multiple antenna elements are evenly distributed around the base plate, and the radiation polarization direction of each antenna element differs depending on its orientation. The vertical bend introduced in the three-stub configuration allows a single antenna element to generate current components in two orthogonal directions, thereby exciting a radiation field with certain elliptical polarization characteristics. When multiple such antenna elements are arranged in a surrounding configuration, the orthogonal components of each element can be spatially synthesized, which helps improve the polarization coverage uniformity of the upper hemisphere and enhances the terminal's ability to match the circularly polarized signals of the Tiantong satellite under different attitudes.

[0040] In the surrounding array, reflector 220 is located on the outer side of the junction between adjacent antennas. With the three stubs arranged in a "parallel-vertical-parallel" bend, the antenna's radiating aperture is no longer a simple straight line segment, but rather an expanded structure with both lateral and longitudinal dimensions. This means that reflector 220 can couple with different stub segments of the antenna separately: when reflector 220 is close to the second stub 214 (vertical segment), it mainly couples its lateral current component; when it is close to the first or third stub 216 (parallel segment), it mainly couples its longitudinal current component. This multi-dimensional coupling mechanism allows reflector 220 to extract richer energy from the antenna radiator for re-radiation, resulting in more diverse parasitic resonant modes, thereby more effectively expanding the bandwidth and improving in-band gain flatness.

[0041] In a compact layout of multiple antenna elements arranged around each other, the mutual coupling between adjacent elements is a major factor affecting array performance. With the three branches employing a bent configuration, the current distribution of each antenna element is no longer a simple straight line extension, but rather forms a directional closed or semi-closed current loop. The radiation field of this current loop has a certain directional selectivity, with its near-field energy mainly concentrated near the area enclosed by the bent structure. When multiple such antenna elements are arranged around each other, the near-field coupling between adjacent elements is weakened due to the directional differences in their respective current loops. In particular, the parallel arrangement of the first branch 212 and the third branch 216 makes the near-field distribution of the antenna more concentrated within its own bent region, relatively reducing the energy leakage towards adjacent elements, thus naturally improving the isolation between elements, forming a double guarantee with the isolation effect of the reflector 220.

[0042] The first branch 212 is directly connected to the feed end of the base plate, and the layout of the first branch 212 parallel to the third branch 216 and perpendicular to the second branch 214 ensures that the antenna feed point is located at one end of the entire bent structure. This single-end feeding configuration makes the feed point location clear and concentrated, facilitating the planning of feed routing on the base plate. In a surround array, the feed points of multiple antenna elements can be uniformly arranged towards the center of the base plate or uniformly towards the edge of the base plate. The feed network can be neatly routed along the periphery or central area of ​​the base plate, avoiding feed line crossings and electromagnetic interference, reducing the design complexity of the feed network when multiple antennas are arrayed, and helping to ensure the consistency of the feed phase and amplitude of each antenna element.

[0043] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 2 The antenna 210 further includes a fourth branch 218, which is connected to the end of the third branch 216 away from the second branch 214.

[0044] In this embodiment, the fourth stub 218 is connected to the end of the third stub 216 furthest from the second stub 214, i.e., located at the very end of the entire antenna radiator. This extension further lengthens the current path compared to the original three stubs, significantly increasing the total electrical length. According to the antenna resonance principle, electrical length is inversely proportional to the resonant frequency; a longer current path means the antenna can resonate at a lower frequency. For the Tiantong S-band, its uplink frequency starts at 1980MHz, which is at the low-frequency end of this band. The addition of the fourth stub 218 allows the antenna to precisely pull the low-frequency resonant point to the desired position without increasing the overall projected area, ensuring that the antenna fully covers the downlink and uplink frequencies of the Tiantong S-band and leaving sufficient frequency margin.

[0045] The fourth stub 218 is located at the end of the entire antenna structure, with its distal end being open-circuited. According to transmission line theory, an open-circuited stub at the end is equivalent to a capacitance to ground, the value of which depends on the length, width, and distance from adjacent conductors of the stub. This capacitive loading effect at the end provides antenna designers with an independent tuning tool—by adjusting the dimensions of the fourth stub 218 individually, the impedance characteristics of the antenna at high frequencies can be precisely controlled without excessively disturbing the low-frequency resonant points already matched by the first three stubs.

[0046] From the first stub 212 to the fourth stub 218, the antenna forms a four-stage series resonant structure. Each stub can be considered an independent resonant unit, corresponding to different current path lengths and characteristic impedances. When the electrical lengths of the four stubs are properly allocated, four adjacent but differently located resonant modes can be excited. These resonant modes are arranged sequentially on the frequency axis. By adjusting the coupling strength between each stub, adjacent resonant points can be brought closer together and partially overlapped, thus merging into a continuous and flat broadband band. This multimode superposition bandwidth expansion mechanism, together with the parasitic coupling excitation of the external reflector 220, forms a dual bandwidth broadening strategy of "internal multimode + external coupling," enabling the antenna to achieve better broadband performance in a compact size.

[0047] In the surrounding array configuration, reflector 220 is located outside the junction of adjacent antennas. The four-stub series structure provides reflector 220 with more coupling excitation points—reflector 220 can generate electromagnetic couplings of different strengths and phases with the first stub 212, the second stub 214, the third stub 216, or the fourth stub 218, respectively. In particular, the fourth stub 218 is located at the very end of the antenna, closer to the region where reflector 220 is located, resulting in more significant near-field coupling between them. This multi-point, multi-phase coupling mechanism allows reflector 220 to extract richer energy from the antenna radiator, exciting more diverse parasitic resonant modes, thereby generating auxiliary resonant peaks on both sides of the antenna's main resonant point, effectively filling the in-band gain dip and improving the gain flatness and impedance matching characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band.

[0048] In the antenna radiator, the terminal region is characterized by weaker current distribution and stronger electric field distribution. The fourth stub 218, as the terminal extension of the entire antenna, forms a strong electric field concentration near its open-circuit end. This strong electric field region helps enhance the antenna's edge radiation capability and increase its effective radiating aperture. Simultaneously, the addition of the fourth stub 218 alters the overall current distribution pattern of the antenna, allowing current to flow more fully through the entire radiator and reducing energy reflection caused by current path interruption, thereby improving the antenna's radiation efficiency. For applications like Tiantong satellite communication, which are sensitive to link budget, every improvement in radiation efficiency directly translates into more reliable communication connections and lower terminal power consumption.

[0049] Building upon the bent configuration of "parallel first stalk 212 and third stalk 216, and perpendicular second stalk 214," the addition of a fourth stalk 218 further extends this spatial folding strategy. The fourth stalk 218 can be arranged in various ways, such as extending collinearly with the third stalk 216, bending in the opposite direction, or turning again, depending on the specific space on the base plate, flexibly adapting to different terminal structural constraints. This highly configurable stalk extension method allows the antenna design to maximize the use of available space on the base plate, achieving the electrical length required to cover the entire S-band of the Tiantong antenna while maintaining a low profile and compact footprint. This is a key technical means for antenna miniaturization and broadband design.

[0050] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The length of the fourth branch 218 is less than the length of the third branch 216.

[0051] In this embodiment, according to antenna resonance theory, shorter stubs correspond to shorter current paths, and thus higher resonant frequencies. The fourth stub 218 is shorter than the third stub 216, meaning the resonant mode excited by the fourth stub 218 is located in a higher frequency band than that of the third stub 216. In the four-stub cascaded structure, the first, second, and third stubs 216 jointly determine the antenna's fundamental resonant frequency and low-frequency coverage, while the fourth stub 218, as the shortest terminal stub, is specifically responsible for introducing an independent resonant point at the high-frequency end. By adjusting the length of the fourth stub 218 individually, the position of the high-frequency resonant point can be precisely moved without affecting the low-frequency resonance, achieving precise coverage of the high-frequency end (downlink 2170-2200MHz) of the Tiantong S-band.

[0052] The fourth stub 218, as a short stub with an open-ended terminal, has an equivalent capacitance to ground that is proportional to its length. Because the fourth stub 218 is shorter than the third stub 216, the capacitive loading effect it introduces at the terminal is relatively weak. This design is intentional—if the fourth stub 218 were too long, its excessive equivalent capacitance would excessively lower the overall resonant frequency of the antenna, causing the low-frequency resonant point to shift beyond the lower limit of the Tiantong S-band, thus disrupting the already matched low-frequency performance. The shorter fourth stub 218 introduces only a moderate capacitive loading, sufficient to excite an auxiliary resonant mode at the high-frequency end to expand the bandwidth, while not significantly disturbing the main resonant frequency, ensuring the independence and stability of multi-stub tuning.

[0053] The fourth stub 218, as the distal extension of the entire antenna radiator, directly determines the physical dimensions of the antenna in the distal direction. Designing the fourth stub 218 to be shorter than the third stub 216 effectively controls the extension of the antenna in the distal direction, preventing excessive extension beyond the base plate boundary or encroachment on the space of other components. In a surrounding array layout, multiple antenna elements are evenly distributed around the base plate, and the distal dimensions of each antenna element are constrained by both adjacent elements and the base plate edge. The shorter fourth stub 218 allows for a more compact antenna element arrangement in the distal direction, providing greater space margin for the surrounding arrangement of multiple antenna elements and ensuring consistent spacing and layout symmetry between elements.

[0054] In the surround array, reflector 220 is located outside the junction of adjacent antennas, forming near-field coupling with each antenna stub. The fourth stub 218, as the antenna's outermost segment, directly affects the coupling strength through its relative position and distance from reflector 220. The length of the fourth stub 218 is less than that of the third stub 216, meaning its end does not extend excessively into the reflector 220 region, maintaining a suitable coupling distance between them. This distance is carefully designed to ensure that reflector 220 can extract sufficient energy from the fourth stub 218 to excite parasitic resonances, while avoiding overcoupling due to excessive proximity—overcoupling would cause the parasitic resonance peak of reflector 220 to be too strong, resulting in in-band impedance abrupt changes and gain fluctuations. This suitable coupling distance makes the loading effect of reflector 220 more controllable, which is beneficial for achieving flat in-band characteristics.

[0055] In a compact layout of multiple antenna elements arranged around each other, the mutual coupling between the ends of adjacent elements is a crucial factor affecting array isolation. The fourth stub 218 is shorter than the third stub 216, causing the ends of each antenna element to be further apart, thus increasing the near-field coupling distance between the ends. According to electromagnetic coupling theory, coupling strength is inversely proportional to the square or higher power of the distance; increasing the distance between the ends can significantly reduce energy crosstalk between adjacent elements. This design strategy, which increases the distance between the ends of elements by shortening the end stubs, naturally improves the isolation between antenna elements from a spatial layout perspective. Combined with the isolation effect of the reflector 220 and the near-field directional selectivity of the bent configuration, this forms a triple isolation guarantee, ensuring the independence and stability of the radiation patterns of each element when multiple antennas work together.

[0056] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 The Tiantong antenna assembly 200 also includes a plurality of antenna dielectric boards 230, which are disposed on the Tiantong base plate 100, and each antenna dielectric board 230 has a Tiantong antenna 210 disposed on both sides.

[0057] In this embodiment, two antenna elements are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the same dielectric substrate, achieving the integration of two radiating elements on a single dielectric substrate area. In the surrounding array layout, multiple dielectric substrates are evenly distributed on the antenna base plate 100, with each substrate carrying two antennas, thus doubling the number of antenna elements that can be accommodated in the same base plate area. This double-sided reuse design strategy, without increasing the base plate size, significantly increases the element density of the antenna array, providing a physical basis for achieving higher gain and better beamforming in multi-antenna arrays, while maintaining the overall structural compactness, meeting the application requirements of space-constrained platforms such as handheld terminals and portable devices.

[0058] An antenna element is mounted on each side of the dielectric substrate. The two antenna elements can share a ground plane on the intermediate layer or the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate as a common RF reference ground. This shared ground structure ensures the symmetry and consistency of the feed loops for the two antenna elements. The feed network can be symmetrically routed along both sides of the dielectric substrate, reducing the complexity of feed line crossings and detours. At the same time, the shared ground plane helps maintain the consistency of the impedance characteristics of the two antenna elements, reducing the performance dispersion between elements caused by grounding differences. This is of great significance for ensuring the consistency of amplitude and phase of each antenna element in the surround array.

[0059] The antenna elements on both sides of the dielectric substrate radiate towards the spaces on either side of the substrate. In the surrounding array layout, multiple dielectric substrates are evenly arranged around the perimeter of the base plate, with the antennas on both sides of each substrate radiating towards the outer and inner sides of the base plate, respectively. This dual-sided radiation layout allows the antenna array to radiate energy simultaneously in two directions: the outer perimeter of the base plate and above the center of the base plate, effectively filling in any radiation null points or weak areas that might exist in a single-sided array. The radiation fields of the antenna elements on both sides are superimposed in space, forming a more uniform upper hemispherical coverage pattern, ensuring that the terminal can stably receive Tiantong satellite signals under various tilt attitudes, thus improving the robustness of satellite communication.

[0060] The antenna dielectric substrate 230 serves as the physical carrier of the antenna, with one antenna element on each of its two sides, naturally providing electrical isolation between the two antenna elements. The dielectric substrate itself has a certain thickness and dielectric constant. Since the two antenna elements are separated by the dielectric substrate, near-field coupling requires penetration through the substrate to reach the other side. The dielectric loss and distance attenuation of the coupling path effectively suppress mutual coupling between the two antennas. Simultaneously, the dielectric substrate, as a rigid support structure, provides stable physical support for the antenna stubs on both sides, preventing vibration deformation and performance drift caused by the antenna stubs being suspended, thus improving the structural reliability and performance consistency of the antenna.

[0061] As the direct carrier of the antenna radiator, the dielectric substrate's dielectric constant and loss tangent directly affect the antenna's radiation performance. Selecting a dielectric substrate material with low loss and an appropriate dielectric constant allows for a balance between antenna miniaturization and radiation efficiency. The dielectric constant of the substrate ensures that the actual electrical length of the antenna stubs is greater than their physical length, thus allowing for further reduction in the physical size of the stubs at the same resonant frequency. This, combined with the aforementioned four-stub bending configuration, forms a dual miniaturization mechanism of "dielectric loading + spatial folding." Simultaneously, the low-loss dielectric substrate reduces the impact of dielectric loss on antenna radiation efficiency, ensuring that the antenna maintains high radiation efficiency within a compact structure, meeting the stringent link budget requirements of Tiantong satellite communication.

[0062] In the surrounding array, the reflector 220 is located outside the junction of adjacent antennas. With antenna elements on both sides of the dielectric substrate, the reflector 220 can couple with the antennas on both sides of the substrate. The antennas on the outer side of the substrate are closer to the reflector 220, resulting in stronger coupling and contributing primarily to strong coupling excitation; the antennas on the inner side of the substrate are farther from the reflector 220, resulting in weaker coupling and contributing to auxiliary coupling excitation. This strong-weak three-dimensional coupling network allows the reflector 220 to extract energy from multiple spatial locations and multiple antenna elements, exciting richer and more controllable parasitic resonant modes, further expanding the antenna's operating bandwidth and improving in-band gain flatness. Simultaneously, the coupling phase between the antennas on both sides and the reflector 220 differs; this phase difference can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the dielectric substrate, achieving fine-tuning of the coupling effect.

[0063] Furthermore, please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3 Two antennas 210 on each of the antenna dielectric substrates 230 are symmetrically arranged, and the corresponding two second branches 214 extend in opposite directions.

[0064] In this embodiment, the two second branches 214 extend in opposite directions; that is, the antenna second branch 214 on the front side of the dielectric substrate extends towards one end of the dielectric substrate, and the antenna second branch 214 on the back side extends towards the other end of the dielectric substrate, so that a dipole antenna structure is formed on the antenna dielectric substrate 230. The current paths of the two antennas are spatially arranged in a back-to-back manner, and their respective main radiation areas cover different spatial sectors on both sides of the dielectric substrate. When the terminal is in different tilt attitudes, at least one antenna's main radiation lobe can point towards the Tiantong satellite, avoiding signal interruption caused by changes in terminal attitude. This back-to-back arrangement achieves spatial diversity at the antenna structure level, significantly improving the terminal's communication robustness in complex usage scenarios.

[0065] The second branch 214, serving as a vertical transition connecting the first branch 212 and the third branch 216, directly determines the overall deployment of the antenna within the dielectric substrate plane. The two second branches 214 extend in opposite directions, causing the third and fourth branches 218 of the front antenna to converge towards one end of the dielectric substrate, and the third and fourth branches 218 of the rear antenna to converge towards the other end. The end branches of the two antennas are located at opposite ends within the dielectric substrate plane, with the end-to-end spacing reaching the maximum dimension of the dielectric substrate in that direction. Since the antenna ends are areas of concentrated electric field, near-field coupling between the ends is the primary source of mutual coupling between the two antennas. Extending in opposite directions maximizes the end-to-end spacing, naturally suppressing end-to-end mutual coupling from a spatial layout perspective, ensuring the independent and stable impedance characteristics and radiation patterns of the two antenna elements.

[0066] The antennas on both sides of the dielectric substrate are symmetrically arranged, with the second stub 214 extending in opposite directions, allowing the front and rear antennas to occupy different spatial regions within the substrate plane. The stub structure of the front antenna is mainly distributed at one end of the substrate, while the stub structure of the rear antenna is mainly distributed at the other end, and their projections on the substrate plane do not overlap. This spatial partitioning layout avoids stub overlap and electromagnetic interference between the two antennas in the same area of ​​the substrate. Each antenna obtains complete and unconstrained deployment space, ensuring that the electrical length and radiation characteristics of each stub are not encroached upon by the space occupied by the opposite antenna. Every inch of the dielectric substrate area is rationally allocated and efficiently utilized.

[0067] In the surrounding array, the reflector 220 is located outside the junction of adjacent antenna dielectric substrates 230. Two second stubs 214 extend in opposite directions, resulting in a symmetrical but asymmetrical coupling relationship between the antennas on both sides of the dielectric substrate and the reflector 220. Specifically, the antenna of the second stub 214 extends towards the reflector 220, with its stub end closer to the reflector 220, exhibiting a stronger coupling strength and serving as the primary excitation source for the parasitic resonance of the reflector 220; the antenna of the second stub 214 extends away from the reflector 220, with its stub end farther from the reflector 220, exhibiting a weaker coupling strength and minimal influence from the reflector 220.

[0068] The antennas on both sides of the dielectric substrate are symmetrically arranged, with the feed point located near the center of symmetry. Two second branches 214 extend in opposite directions, ensuring that the current paths from the feed point to the ends of the two antennas are symmetrically distributed within the dielectric substrate plane. Current from the front antenna flows from the feed point through the first branch 212 and the second branch 214 to one end, while current from the rear antenna flows from the feed point through the first branch 212 and the second branch 214 to the other end. The physical lengths of the two current paths are completely equal due to the symmetrical layout, ensuring that the feed phases of the two antenna elements are naturally consistent. This phase consistency resulting from structural symmetry eliminates the need for additional phase compensation circuitry, simplifies the feed network design, reduces insertion loss, and is of great significance for the coordinated feeding of multiple dielectric substrate elements in a surrounding array.

[0069] From a structural mechanics perspective, the symmetrical arrangement of the antennas on both sides of the dielectric substrate and the opposite extension of the second branch 214 ensure symmetry in the mass and stiffness distribution of the entire antenna dielectric substrate 230 assembly. The branch structures of the front and rear antennas are located at opposite ends of the dielectric substrate, resulting in a balanced mass distribution and preventing eccentricity and vibration mode asymmetry caused by unilateral mass concentration. When the terminal is subjected to drops, impacts, or vibrations, the symmetrical mass distribution ensures uniform stress on the dielectric substrate assembly, reducing the risk of solder joint cracking or branch breakage due to stress concentration, and improving the structural reliability and long-term operational stability of the antenna.

[0070] In the surrounding array layout, multiple antenna dielectric substrates 230 are evenly arranged around the perimeter of the base plate. Each dielectric substrate has two second branches 214 extending in opposite directions, meaning each substrate element has a clear directionality—the extension directions of its two antennas point to the outer and inner sides of the base plate, respectively. During array arrangement, the dielectric substrates can be uniformly installed in a manner where the extension direction of the second branches 214 is radially along the base plate. This ensures that the second branches 214 of all outer antennas on the dielectric substrates uniformly point to the outer perimeter of the base plate, and the second branches 214 of the inner antennas uniformly point to the center of the base plate. This uniform azimuth arrangement guarantees the directional consistency of each antenna element in the surrounding array, which is beneficial for forming a regular array pattern and stable beam coverage.

[0071] In another embodiment, please refer to [the document / reference]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The antenna 210 further includes a fifth branch 211, which is disposed on the antenna dielectric substrate 230. The fifth branch 211 is connected to the second branch 214 and is away from the third branch 216.

[0072] In this embodiment, the fifth branch 211 is disposed on the second branch 214 and away from the third branch 216. That is, the fifth branch 211 and the main series path consisting of the first branch 212-second branch 214-third branch 216-fourth branch 218 form a parallel branch relationship. From the feed point, the antenna input impedance is determined by the main series path and the parallel branch of the fifth branch 211. As an independent current branch, the length, width and direction of the fifth branch 211 can be designed independently, thereby introducing an independent resonant mode in the antenna impedance characteristics. The resonant frequency of this parallel branch is mainly determined by the electrical length of the fifth branch 211 itself and is relatively independent of the resonant frequency of the main series path. Designers can add a flexibly tunable resonant mode in the antenna operating frequency band by adjusting the size of the fifth branch 211 without disturbing the already matched resonant point of the main series path, providing additional degrees of freedom for multimode broadband design.

[0073] The fifth stub 211 is connected to the second stub 214 and is far from the third stub 216. This spatial arrangement avoids unnecessary parasitic coupling between the fifth stub 211 and the third stub 216 and the fourth stub 218. If the fifth stub 211 extends towards the third stub 216, capacitive or inductive coupling may occur due to their close proximity, causing their respective resonant frequencies to shift, increasing the difficulty of tuning and performance uncertainty. By setting the fifth stub 211 far from the third stub 216, the near-field distribution of the fifth stub 211 is spatially separated from the near-field distribution of the third and fourth stubs 218, keeping the resonant characteristics of each stub independent and controllable. This spatial isolation design strategy ensures the predictability and adjustability of each resonant element in a multi-stub antenna, reducing the complexity of antenna tuning.

[0074] The fifth stub 211 originates from the second stub 214, providing an additional path for the feed current parallel to the main series path. After entering the first stub 212 from the feed point, the high-frequency current splits into two paths at the second stub 214: one path continues along the second stub 214 to the third and fourth stubs 218, and the other path enters the fifth stub 211. The two paths have different electrical lengths and correspond to different resonant frequencies. When the resonant frequencies of the two paths are precisely tuned to be adjacent but not overlapping, the two resonant modes can approach each other on the frequency axis and partially merge, forming a wider impedance bandwidth than a single resonant mode. This dual-path parallel bandwidth broadening mechanism, together with the aforementioned four-stub series multimode superposition and parasitic coupling excitation of the reflector 220, constitutes a triple bandwidth expansion strategy of "series multimode + parallel stub + external coupling," enabling the antenna to achieve superior broadband performance within a compact size.

[0075] The fifth stub 211 is disposed on the antenna dielectric substrate 230, and its orientation and position can be flexibly arranged within the plane of the dielectric substrate. Since the fifth stub 211 is an independent current branch, the current distribution on it independently contributes to the far-field radiation of the antenna. By adjusting the extension direction and length of the fifth stub 211, the current vector distribution of the antenna within the plane of the dielectric substrate can be changed, thereby controlling the shape of the antenna's radiation pattern and polarization characteristics. In a surrounding array layout, each antenna element on the dielectric substrate needs to cover a specific spatial sector. The introduction of the fifth stub 211 provides a means for fine-tuning the radiation pattern of each antenna element, contributing to more uniform array coverage and better beamforming effects.

[0076] In the aforementioned layout where antennas on both sides of the dielectric substrate are symmetrically arranged and the second branch 214 extends in opposite directions, the front antenna and the back antenna occupy the two ends of the dielectric substrate, respectively. The fifth branch 211 is located on the second branch 214 and is far from the third branch 216, meaning that the extension direction of the fifth branch 211 is opposite to the extension direction of the third and fourth branches 218. This layout allows the fifth branch 211 to fully utilize the space at the other end of the dielectric substrate not occupied by the third and fourth branches 218, avoiding space congestion caused by all branches concentrating in the same direction. The fifth branch 211 of the front antenna and the fifth branch 211 of the back antenna extend towards both ends of the dielectric substrate, forming a spatial layout of "expanded at both ends and connected in the middle" with their respective third and fourth branches 218, resulting in a more balanced and full utilization of the available area of ​​the dielectric substrate.

[0077] In the surrounding array, reflector 220 is located outside the junction of adjacent antenna dielectric substrates 230. The fifth branch 211, as an independent branch derived from the second branch 214, can have its position and orientation optimized according to the coupling requirements with reflector 220. When the fifth branch 211 extends towards reflector 220, it provides an additional near-field coupling excitation point for reflector 220, enhancing the parasitic resonance intensity of reflector 220; when the fifth branch 211 extends away from reflector 220, it reduces the load on reflector 220 from this antenna element, allowing reflector 220 to be primarily excited by coupling from adjacent antenna elements. This selectivity allows designers to flexibly adjust the coupling strength between each element and reflector 220 according to the needs of antenna elements at different positions in the array, achieving more refined array performance optimization.

[0078] The fifth branch 211, as an additional branch derived from the second branch 214, provides structural redundancy in addition to its electrical function. When the terminal is subjected to a drop or impact, if a segment of the main series path breaks due to stress concentration, the fifth branch 211, as a parallel branch, can still maintain part of the antenna's radiation function, preventing complete antenna failure. This parallel redundancy design provides an extra layer of safety for satellite communication terminals requiring high reliability. Simultaneously, the connection point between the fifth branch 211 and the second branch 214 can serve as a stress-dispersing node, distributing mechanical stress from a single branch path to multiple branches, reducing the risk of single-point failure.

[0079] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 The fifth branch 211 extends through the top of the antenna dielectric plate 230 to the other side.

[0080] In this embodiment, the fifth branch 211 extends from the second branch 214 on one side of the dielectric substrate, passing through the top of the substrate to the other side, physically realizing the electrical connection between the two antennas on the dielectric substrate. This cross-surface structure breaks the independent operation of the two antennas on the dielectric substrate, connecting the front and rear antennas into a unified three-dimensional radiating structure through the fifth branch 211. Looking from the feed port, electromagnetic energy is no longer transmitted solely along a single-plane branch path, but is guided across the surface by the fifth branch 211, forming a three-dimensional current loop between the two sides of the dielectric substrate. This three-dimensional feed network allows the current distribution of the two antennas to be interconnected and work collaboratively, providing richer control dimensions for antenna performance optimization.

[0081] The fifth branch 211 extends from one side of the dielectric substrate to the other through the top of the substrate. Its current path includes not only the extension segment within the dielectric substrate plane but also a vertical transition segment spanning the thickness of the dielectric substrate. This cross-plane structure expands the antenna's current path from a two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional space, achieving spatial folding of the current path. Compared to extending branches only in a single plane, cross-plane extension can utilize the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate as an additional source of electrical length, further extending the total electrical length of the antenna without increasing the planar size of the dielectric substrate. This three-dimensional spatial folding strategy, together with the aforementioned four-branch planar bending configuration, forms a dual space utilization mechanism of "planar bending + three-dimensional cross-plane," enabling the antenna to achieve the electrical length required to cover the low-frequency end of the S-band of Tiantong within an extremely compact volume. This is a key technical means for antenna miniaturization design.

[0082] The fifth branch 211 extends from the top of the dielectric substrate to the other side, and its transition section across the thickness of the dielectric substrate necessarily contains a current component perpendicular to the plane of the dielectric substrate. This vertical current component is not present in any of the aforementioned planar branches—the first to fourth branches 218 are all located on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and their current direction is parallel to the plane of the dielectric substrate. The introduction of the vertical current component adds a polarization component orthogonal to the plane of the dielectric substrate to the antenna's radiation field. In the surrounding array layout, multiple dielectric substrates are evenly arranged along the perimeter of the base plate, and each dielectric substrate has a different orientation, so the vertical current component of the antenna on it points differently in space. The superposition of multiple vertical polarization components with different orientations in the far field helps to improve the polarization coverage uniformity of the antenna array in the upper hemisphere and enhance the matching capability between the terminal and the circularly polarized signal of the Tiantong satellite.

[0083] After the fifth stub 211 extends from the top of the dielectric substrate to the other side, its cross-surface portion and its opposite extension can simultaneously generate electromagnetic interactions with the antennas on both sides of the dielectric substrate. Specifically, the fifth stub 211 is led out from the second stub 214 of the front antenna, crosses the top of the dielectric substrate, and its end or extension can couple or connect with the stub structure of the rear antenna. This cross-surface structure design allows a single fifth stub 211 to participate in the current distribution control of both the front and rear antennas simultaneously, achieving a high degree of structural reuse. Compared to setting independent tuning stubs on both sides, the cross-surface fifth stub 211 achieves synchronous control of the antennas on both sides with fewer physical structures, saving dielectric substrate space and reducing structural complexity.

[0084] The fifth spur 211 spans the transition section at the top of the dielectric substrate, located at the highest point of the entire antenna dielectric substrate 230. In the normal terminal placement state, the top of the dielectric substrate typically faces the sky direction where the Tiantong satellite is located. The advantageous position of the fifth spur 211 at the top of the dielectric substrate's transition section makes it the part of the antenna radiator closest to the satellite direction. The current on this transition section can radiate directly towards the sky, and the radiation path is not obstructed by the base plate or other structures. The existence of this strong top radiation area helps enhance the antenna's radiation capability at low elevation angles, improving the terminal's communication quality at low satellite elevation angles. This has significant practical value for the low elevation angle operating scenarios frequently encountered by terminals in Tiantong satellite communication.

[0085] The fifth branch 211 extends from one side of the dielectric substrate to the other through the top of the substrate, structurally connecting the antennas on both sides of the substrate. This cross-surface connection transforms the antennas on both sides of the substrate from independent cantilever structures into a unified three-dimensional frame through the mechanical connection at the top via the fifth branch 211. When the terminal is subjected to vibration, drops, or impacts, the cross-surface fifth branch 211 can transfer and distribute the stress on one antenna to the other, preventing deformation or breakage of a single antenna due to stress concentration. This three-dimensional frame structure significantly improves the structural rigidity and impact resistance of the antenna dielectric substrate 230 assembly, providing crucial reliability assurance for applications such as vehicle-mounted terminals and handheld terminals that require frequent movement and vibration.

[0086] Since the fifth stub 211 is electrically connected to both antennas on the dielectric substrate, adjusting its dimensions can simultaneously affect the impedance characteristics of both antennas. When synchronous tuning of the two antennas is required, it is not necessary to adjust the stub parameters of each antenna separately; only the length, width, or orientation of the cross-plane fifth stub 211 needs to be adjusted to achieve common-mode tuning of the two antennas. This common-mode tuning method simplifies the debugging process of dual-antenna systems, ensures the synchronicity and consistency of performance adjustments, and has significant engineering practical value for surround array applications requiring equal amplitude and phase operation of both antennas. The antenna performance improvement of the Tiantong antenna structure mainly lies in S-parameters, axial ratio, left-hand gain, and 3D radiation pattern, specifically as follows... Figures 4 to 11 As shown.

[0087] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The reflector 220 and the two adjacent antenna dielectric plates 230 are all tilted to each other at the same tilt angle.

[0088] In this embodiment, the reflector 220 and the two adjacent antenna dielectric plates 230 are tilted relative to each other at the same tilt angle, for example, 45 degrees. That is, the reflector 220 is located on the angle bisector between the two dielectric plates, and the geometric relationship between the reflector 220 and the two dielectric plates is completely symmetrical. This symmetrical arrangement ensures that the coupling loading effect applied by the reflector 220 to the antenna elements on the left and right dielectric plates is completely consistent in amplitude and phase. In the surround array, multiple dielectric plates are evenly arranged along the periphery of the base plate, and the reflectors 220 between adjacent dielectric plates are all centrally located at equal tilt angles, ensuring that the electromagnetic boundary conditions of each antenna element in the array are highly consistent. This consistency between elements is the physical basis for ensuring the regularity of the surround array pattern, accurate beam pointing, and equal amplitude and phase operation of each element, avoiding the discreteness of element performance and array pattern distortion caused by asymmetric boundary conditions.

[0089] The reflector 220 is positioned at the same tilt angle as the two adjacent dielectric plates, meaning the distance from the surface of the reflector 220 to the antenna stub on the left dielectric plate is equal to the distance to the antenna stub on the right dielectric plate. According to the electromagnetic near-field coupling theory, coupling strength is inversely proportional to distance. This equidistant arrangement ensures that the coupling energy extracted by the reflector 220 from the antenna elements on both sides is equal in amplitude. This equal energy extraction allows the reflector 220 to be uniformly excited by the antennas on both sides, resulting in parasitic resonant modes contributed by both antennas, rather than being biased towards one side. This uniform excitation is beneficial to the stability and controllability of the parasitic resonance of the reflector 220, avoiding parasitic resonance peak shift or bandwidth distortion caused by over-excitation on one side, and ensuring that the reflector 220 provides a flat and consistent bandwidth extension effect throughout the entire operating frequency band.

[0090] In a surround array, antenna elements on adjacent dielectric substrates are typically fed with equal amplitude and in-phase or equal amplitude and out-of-phase power. The reflector 220 is positioned at the same tilt angle as the two dielectric substrates, ensuring that the coupling path length from the left antenna to the reflector 220 is equal to the coupling path length from the right antenna to the reflector 220. This equal-length coupling path means that the coupled signals from both antennas to the reflector 220 have the same phase delay. When both antennas are fed with equal amplitude and in-phase power, the coupled signals received by the reflector 220 are in phase and superimposed, enhancing the parasitic resonance intensity. When both antennas are fed with equal amplitude and out-of-phase power, the coupled signals received by the reflector 220 are out-of-phase and cancel each other out, suppressing parasitic resonance. This symmetrical phase relationship allows the coupling effect of the reflector 220 to precisely match the array's feeding strategy, providing a reliable physical mechanism for flexible adjustment of the array pattern.

[0091] The reflector 220 and the adjacent dielectric substrate are inclined at the same angle, forming a wedge-shaped gap between them. This wedge-shaped geometry results in different coupling distances between the reflector 220 and the antenna stubs on the dielectric substrate at different heights—stubs closer to the bottom of the dielectric substrate are closer to the reflector 220 and have stronger coupling; stubs closer to the top of the dielectric substrate are farther from the reflector 220 and have weaker coupling. This gradient coupling strength matches the current distribution gradient of the antenna stubs from bottom to top, allowing the reflector 220 to extract more energy from the high-current region of the antenna and less energy from the low-current region, thus optimizing the overall coupling efficiency. Compared to equidistant coupling where the reflector 220 and the dielectric substrate are parallel, the wedge-shaped coupling structure offers higher energy extraction efficiency and better coupling selectivity.

[0092] The reflector 220 is located between two adjacent dielectric plates and is set at the same tilt angle as the two dielectric plates on both sides, so that the reflector 220 physically constitutes a tilted isolation barrier between adjacent antenna elements. This tilted barrier not only blocks the direct spatial wave propagation path between adjacent antenna elements through the shielding effect, but also generates secondary radiation through the induced current on its surface, which cancels out the crosstalk signals between adjacent elements. The equal tilt angle setting makes the isolation effect of the reflector 220 on the antennas on both sides symmetrical and balanced, and the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna elements is effectively suppressed. In the surround array, multiple reflectors 220 are evenly distributed along the periphery of the base plate to form a continuous tilted isolation ring, minimizing the mutual coupling between each antenna element, ensuring the independence of the radiation pattern of each element and the array synthesis efficiency.

[0093] The reflector 220 is positioned at the same tilt angle as the adjacent dielectric substrate, meaning the projection of the reflector 220 onto the base plate lies on the centerline between the two substrates. In the surrounding array, multiple dielectric substrates are evenly arranged around the perimeter of the base plate, with the included angle between adjacent substrates determined by the number of array elements. The reflector 220 is centrally positioned at an equal tilt angle, exactly half the included angle between adjacent substrates, minimizing the projected area of ​​the reflector 220 onto the base plate and preventing it from encroaching on the space directly beneath the substrate. This compact spatial layout provides ample space for the feed network routing, device placement, and structural fixation on the base plate, facilitating the miniaturization and high integration of the overall antenna assembly design.

[0094] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this disclosure, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this disclosure, and these all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sky-connecting antenna structure, characterized in that, include: Tian Tong base plate The Tiantong antenna assembly includes multiple Tiantong antennas and multiple reflectors. The multiple Tiantong antennas are arranged around a Tiantong base plate, and the Tiantong antennas are electrically connected to the feed terminals of the Tiantong base plate to cover the Tiantong S-band. The reflectors are disposed on the Tiantong base plate and electrically connected to the ground terminal of the Tiantong base plate. Each reflector is located outside the junction of two adjacent Tiantong antennas, and the reflectors are coupled and excited with the Tiantong antennas to extend the antenna bandwidth.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna includes a first branch, a second branch, and a third branch connected in sequence. The first branch is electrically connected to the feed terminal of the antenna base plate, and the third branch is located away from the first branch.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third branch is arranged parallel to the first branch, and the second branch is arranged perpendicular to the first branch.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a fourth stub, which is connected to the end of the third stub furthest from the second stub.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the fourth branch is less than the length of the third branch.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Tiantong antenna assembly also includes multiple antenna dielectric boards, which are disposed on the Tiantong base plate, and each antenna dielectric board has a Tiantong antenna disposed on both sides.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two antennas are symmetrically arranged on each of the antenna substrates, and the corresponding two second branches extend in opposite directions.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a fifth branch, which is disposed on the antenna dielectric board. The fifth branch is connected to the second branch and is located away from the third branch.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fifth branch extends from the top of the antenna dielectric plate to the other side.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reflector and the two adjacent antenna dielectric plates are all tilted relative to each other at the same tilt angle.

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